UBRARY  OF  PRINCETON 


FEB-5 


THEOLOGICAL  SEMINARY 


^Tiff raved  exjfre^sly  for  JIavnesMaj'fist  lycl&piedia. 


JMrckelzn's  A^Vi^  N/yaasatt  S^ S.l\ 


HA YNES 


>^  DICTIONARY  •• 


BAPTIST  BIOGRAPHY,   BIBLIOGRAPHY,   ANTIQUITIES, 

HISTORY,    CHRONOLOGY,    THEOLOGY, 

POLITY  AND  LITERATURE. 


ILLUSTRATED. 


TO  WHICH  IS  ADDED  A  SUPPLEMENT,  CONTAINING: 

AN  HISTORICAL  GAZETTEER,  AND  ATLAS  OF  BAPTIST  CHURCHES,  ASSOCIATIONS,- 
UTERART,  THEOLOGICAL  AND  BENEVOLENT  SOCIETIES  AND  INSTITUTIONS,— 
MISSIONARY  STATIONS  AND  STATISTICS,  AND  GENERAL  MISCEL- 
LANY;   ARRANGED  ALPHABETICALLY,  AND  IN  CHARTS 
AND  TABLES,  CHRONOLOGICALLY  AND  GEO- 
GRAPHICALLY. 

EMBELLISHED. 


BY  THOMAS  WILSON  HAYNES. 


CHARLESTON: 

SAMUELHART,    Sen.,    300,    KING-STREET. 

LONDON:  John  Wiley;  O.  P.  PutMm.— BOSTON  :  Crosby  t  Nicholi.— PHILADELPHIA :  J.  B.  Lippii 
eott  *  Co.— NEW-YORK  ;  Gated,  Sledman  &.  Co.  ;  Lfwii  Colby.— BALTIMORE  :  Armitroos  <k 
Berry.— RICHMOND  :  Drinker  4.  Mnrrit.— N.  ORLEANS  :  J.  B.  Steele  Sc  Co. 

1848. 


Entered  according  to  Act  of  Congress,  in  the  Year  1849,  by 

THOMAS  WILSON  HAYNES, 

In  the  Olerk'a  Office  of  the  District  Court  of  the  United  States,  for  the  District  of  South  Carolina. 


>.  p.  JONES  AND  CO.,  STERK0TTPEE3, 
Cor.  of  William  aod  Spruce  itreeU,  N.  T. 


B.  HOYT,  PRINTER, 

58  a  60  Veief-itreet, 


The  Cyclopedia  Baptistica  is  strictly  original  in  its  plan,  unique  in 
its  character,  and  in  its  execution  sui  generis.  This  book  will  not 
only  supply  a  palpable  desideratum,  but  also  fill  a  wide  chasm  in 
Baptist  Literature.  It  will  not  only  create  a  demand  lor  the  Irequent 
reproduction  of  itself,  but  propagate,  also,  the  desire  for  its  perfection, 
and  become  the  progenitor  of  a  numerous  family  of  Denominational 
Cyclopedias ;  being  emphatically  the  pioneer  of  Cyclopaedias  of  the 
Denominational  class.  The  Cyclopaedia  Baptistica  has  merits  and 
faults  peculiar  to  itself,  but  shall  be  adventured  to  its  destiny  without 
apology  or  heraldry. 

The  CvcLOPiEDiA  Baptistica,  proper,  comprises  in  itself,  six 
distinct  works,  which  might  be  respectively  entitled — 

I.  BiOGRAPHiA  Baptistica,      )  j,.^^^  p^^^  ^^  ^j^i^^  ^^i^  ^^j 
11.  Bibliotheca  Baptistica,    >  •    y^j   j 

III.  Lexicon  of  Pedobaptism,  j 

IV.  A  Baptist  Historical  Gazetteer. 
V.  A  Baptist  Chronological  Atlas. 

VI.  A  Compendium  of  Baptist  History  and  Antiquities. 

The  Cyclopaedia  Baptistica,  however,  is  reduced  to  FOUR 
General  Divisions. 

PART  I.  contains,  under  one  Alphabet,  the  Biographia  Baptistica, 
the  Bibliotheca  Baptistica,  and  the  Lexicon  of  Psdobaptism. 

PART  II.  contains,  under  its  own  separate  Alphabet,  the  Bap- 
tist Historical  Gazetteer. 

PART  III.  contains  the  Baptist  Chronological  Atlas. 

PART  IV.  contains  the  Electic  Compend  of  Baptist  History 
and  Antiquities. 

The  volume  now  published  is  only  the  first  volume  of  Part  I. 

The  other  matter  suggested  in  the  Title-page  will  be  superadded 
independently,  in  the  sequel  of  the  series,  vinder  its  proper  arrange- 
ment and  title. 

The  elaboration  of  this  work  has  involved  authorship,  editorship, 
and  compilership.  By  design,  all  notes,  references,  citations,  and 
credits,  are  incorporated  with  the  text,  being  an  essential  part  of  the 
book,  and  not  the  least  important  characteristic.  There  is  not  one 
marginal,  or  foot-note.  The  office  is  reserved  to  the  reader  and  to  the 
author,  or  future  editors,  to  fill  the  blanks  as  addenda.  That  the 
reader,  in  referring  to  this  book,  may  enjoy  as  much  pleasure,  without 
the  difficulties,  and  cankering,  toilsome  cares,  and  perplexities,  neces- 
sarily realized  in  making  it,  is  the  hope  of 

THE  AUTHOR. 

New-York,  Is?  Oct.  1849. 


EXPLANATION  OF  THE  ALPHABETICAL  INDEX. 


A  word  of  explanation  may  be  both  proper  and  necessary  respect- 
ing the  deviation  from  the  common  plan  of  Dictionaries,  Encyclope- 
dias, Lexicons,  and  Cyclopaedias. 

In  the  Cyclopedia  Baptistica  proper,  every  Article  is  found 
under  the  letter  of  the  Alphabet  with  which  it  begins,  as — FREY  is 
found  under  F. ;  but,  instead  of  being  found  under  Fr,  it  is  placed 
under  Fe,  because  it  is  more  easy  and  simple  to  divide  each  letter  of 
the  Alphabet  into  SIX  Chapters,  corresponding  with  the  vowels, 
a,  e,  i,  o,  u,  y,  than  to  multiply  divisions  of  each  letter  by  all  the 
TWENTY-SIX  letters  of  the  Alphabet.  Thus  the  first  letter  of  a  nmn^ 
indicates  the  letter  under  which  the  article  is  placed  and  found. 

After  the  first  letter,  consonants  are  not  noticed ;  only  the  voweh, 
a,  e,  i,  o,  u,  y ;  and  whichsoever  of  the  vowels  of  a  name  follows  the 
first  letter,  shows  the  chapter  where  the  article  will  be  found.  Thus 
Franklin  is  found  under  Fa.  It  makes  no  difference  whether  the 
first  letter  be  a  vowel  or  consonant :  thus  Aemstelredamus  is  found 
under  Ae. 

A  copious  Alphabetical  Index,  on  this  plan,  is  prefixed  to  each 
volume,  and  will  be  added  to  the  whole  work. 

A  very  little  use  will  make  it  plainer,  and  more  simple  and  easy 
to  find  an  article,  on  this  plan,  than  any  other  yet  known. 


ALPHABETICAL  INDEX  TO  VOL.  I. 

P>n.  ) 

p.ec. 

r.ct. 

A*. — Page  7  to  Page  12. 

Bakewcll,  Thomas 

63 

Blood,  Caleb   . 

109 

AmaUrius,  Fortunatus 

7 

Barber,  Edward      . 

.     65 

Brooks,  Charles 

109 

Altmaiin.  John  George    . 

7 

Bateman,  John  P. 

65 

Bronson,  A.     . 

109 

Anabaptiam 

Anabaptist 

A'  Lapide,  Cornelius 

Adams,  Richai-d      . 

8 

Bray,  Thomas 

.     65 

Broaddus,  W.  F. 

110 

8 

rBackus,  Isaac 

06 

Bostwick,  David 

110 

10 

Baskett,  William 

.     69 

Boston,  Thomas 

no 

10 

Bates,  J.               .        .         . 

70 

Bowler,  Charles 

no 

Ae.— Page  12  to  Page  28. 

Bare,  John     . 

.     70 

Block,  J.     .         .         •         . 

no 

Aemstelrcdamus 

12 

Baldwin.  Thomas 

70 

Bu— Page  110  to  Page 

127. 

Anvers,  Henry  D' 

18 

Baker,  Elijali 

.     71 

Bulh'nger,  Henry 

no 

Applegratb,  Robert 
Assembly  of  Divines 
Assheton,  William 

16 

Blake,  Thomas 

72 

Burgess.  Cornelius 

in 

16 

Blake,  Daniel 

.     73 

Burroughs,  Joseph 

111 

17 

Bailev          .         .         .        . 

76 

Bugcnhagius,  John 

116 

Ames,  William 

17 

Bate        .        .        .         ■ 

.    76 

Burkett,  William 

117 

Alstedius,  John  Henry 

17 

Baptist,  Edward 

76 

Bucanus,  William 

117 

Allen,  Richard       . 

18 

Barnes,  Albert 

.     77 

Burmanus,  Francis 

118 

Allen,  William.  D.D. 

21 

Baine,  Joseph 

77 

Burnet,  Gilbert 

118 

Allen,  William,  Rev. 

21 

Braidwood,  William 

.     78 

Butler,  Joseph     . 

120 

^Mlen.  Ira  M.       . 

22; 

Braunus,  Johannes 

78 

Bulkley  Charles 

122 

Allen,  John 

22! 

Brautlv,  W.  T. 

.     78 

Burnham,  Richard 

122 

Anderson.  William 

23  1 

Be.— Page  78  to  Page 

90 

Butterworth,  John 

124 

Axtell  Lady 

23 

Becon,  Thomas 

78 

Bucer,  Martin 

125 

Andrews,  Elisha 

24 

-Beeby.  W.  Y. 

.     79 

Burns 

126 

.\bel,  Ephraim 

24 

Bell,  James 

79 

Bruis,  Peter  De 

126 

Aldcrson,  John.  Sea. 

26 

Bentley,  Richard    . 

.     81 

Busher.  Leonard 

126 

.Vlderson,  John.  Jr. 

26 

Beallie.  James     . 

81 

Bruback,  Hans 

126 

.\lderson,  James  0 

2J 

Bengel.  John  Albert 

.     81 

Bunyan,  John 

126 

Anglesea,  Island     . 

28 

Beckmanus 

82 

Ca  — Page  127  to  Page 

155. 

Abfrgaveny,  College 

28 

Bessel.  Godfrey  De 

.     82 

Canne.  John 

127 

AUen,  Noah 

28 

Brett,  Thomas 

83 

Catabaptism 
Catabaptist 
Carpenter^  Richard 

135 

Ai.— Page  29  to  Page  36. 

Beza,  Theodore 

,     83 

135 

Antipsedobaptism 

2W 

Bres,  Guy  De 

84 

135 

Antipadobaptists 

29 

Beaucaire 

.     84 

Cassander,  George 

135 

Ampsingius,  John  A. 

30 

Bchman,  James 

84 

Cawdrv,  Daniel 

135 

Ainsworth,  Henry 

30 

Benet,  Thomas 

.     84 

Carv    "... 

135 

.\ildington,  StepheD 

33 

Beausobre,  Isaac 

84 

Carey,  Phil.     . 

135 

Addison,  Launcelot 

35 

Benson,  George 

.     85 

C'arev,  John 

135 

Atkins,  Abraham 

35 

Beddome,  Benjamin    . 

85 

Carev,  William 

138 

Articles,  Smalcald 

35 

Benedict,  George    . 
.Benedict,  David 

.     85 

Carev,  Felix 

140 

Alix 

35 

89 

Cameron 

140 

Agricola,F.         .        .        . 

36 

Brenius.  Daniel 

.     90 

Caswell 

140 

Austin,  Aureliua  D. 

36 

Blesdick,  Nicholas 

90 

Cartwright,  Joseph 
Chamberlin,  John 

140 

Ao. — Page  36  to  Page  41 

Bi.— Page  90  to  Page 

99. 

140 

Ashton,  Thomas 

36 

Birt,  Isai.<ih     . 

.     90 

Crawford,  Alex. 

141 

Arnold,  Nicholas     . 

36 

Bigland.  Ralph    . 

90 

Crawlev,  A.     .         .         . 

141 

Arnold,  William 

37 

Brinslev,  John 

.     90 

Chase.  J. 

.       141 

Anonymous 

39 

Biddulph,  Thomas 

90 

Crane.  W.  Carey     . 
Charlton,  Thomas 

141 

Anthony,  Joseph 

40 

Bingham,  Joseph    . 

.     90 

141 

Anthon,  Charles 

40 

Brine,  John 

91 

Clayton.  John 

141 

Aihdown,  William 

41 

Bliss,  John  F. 

.     95 

Craps,  John 
Charnook,  Stephen 

141 

At.— Page  41  to  Page  42 

Billingsby,  John  A. 

96 

141 

Alcuinus          .... 

41 

Bibliotheca  Britannica    . 

.     99 

Cajetan,  Cardinal 

.        143 

Austin,  Abraham 

41 

Bo.— Page  99  to  Page 

no. 

Calovius,  Abraham 

144 

Austin,  Amelias  D. 

36 

Boys,  Dr.    . 

99 

Charaberlon,  Peter      . 

.       144 

Asplund,  John 

42 

Brooke,  Robert 

.     99 

Cameron,  John 

.  144 

Ba — Page  43  to  Page  78 

Bower,  Archibald 

100 

Cave,  William 

144 

Baptist         .... 

43 

Bossuet,  James  B. 

100 

Chamier,  Daniel 

145 

Baptism          .... 

43 

Bocher,  Joan 

.       102 

Camerarius,  Joachin 

.       145 

Bayle,  Peter 

45 

Bown,  Immanuel 

102 

Castalio,  Sebastian 

145 

Barrow,  David 

49 

Bohemias,  Johannes    . 

.        103 

Calvin,  John 

.       146 

Bampfield,  Francis 

50 

Booth,  Abraham     • 

103 

Chambers,  Ephraim 

146 

Baxter,  Richard 

54 

Brown,  John 

.       106 

Carson,  Alexander 

147 

Blackwood,  Christopher 
Barrow,  Isaac 

57 

Brown,  John  2 

106 

Carter,  Robt. 

151 

57 

Brown,  William 

.       107 

Campbell.  Alexander 

.       151 

Ball.  John 

58 

Brown,  Joseph 

107 

Crais,  Elijah 

J  52 

Ball,  Lord       . 

58 

Brown,  J.  Newton 

.       107 

Campbell,  Jesse  H.     . 

153 

Bradbury,  Thomas 

58 

Brown,  Chad 

107 

Cartledge,  Samuel 

153 

Brandt  "... 

59 

Brown,  John  3     . 

.       108 

Chastain 

1.54 

Barker,  Thomas 

60 

Brown,  Joseph  2 

108 

Chalmers,  Thomas 

154 

Biackstone,  William 

60 

Brown,  Nicholas 

.       108 

Callaway,  Francis,  Sen. 

165 

Braithwaite.  George 

60 

Botsaccus,  J.   . 

109 

Clay,  Joseph 

155 

Barebone,  Praise-God 

63 

Boi3,  John  Baptist 

109 

Ce.— Page  157  to  Page  157. 
Cheyne,  George,  M.D.  .     157 

Clearer,  Robert  .        .         157 

Cleaveland,  John  .         .     157 

Cleaveland,  John  2  .         157 

Ci.— Page  157  to  Page  168. 
Cicero,  Marcus  TuUius  .     157 

Chidley,  Samuel  .  .  158 
Chiles,  James  .  .  .158 
Chilton,  Richard        .         .         158 

Co.— Page  158  to  Page  181. 

Coleyne,  Arclibishop  of  .158 

Cocceius,  or  Cock,  John  .         158 

Corvinus,  Anthony        .  ."     159 

Collins,  William         .  .         ]59 

Collins,  Hercules           .  .159 

Conrius,  Florentine  .         159 

CoUinges,  or  CoUings,  J.  .     159 

Cooke,  P.            .          .  .          J  69 

Cook,  Joseph         .         .  .160 

Cooke,  William          .  .         166 

Cosin,  John,  D.D.          .  .166 

Constantin,  Robert  ,         166 

Connor,  Wilson               .  .167 

Coverdale,  Miles       .  .         167 

Couch,  John          .         .  .     167 

Coblet,  Thomas         .  .         168 

Cotton,  John          .         .  .168 

Crosby,  Thomas        .  .         168 

Cornwall,  Francis          .  .     168 

Colby,  Lewis               .  .         168 

Compton,  Henry            .  .170 

Covel,  Lemuel            .  .         170 

Crossley,  David              .  .172 

Courcy,  Richard  De  .         17 '2 

Collens,  John          .         .  .     172 

Coclilteus,  John         .  .         172 

Cox,  Benjamin               .  .     173 

Cox,  Nehemiah          .  .         173 
Cox,  F.  A.             ...     17S 

Corbly,  John              .  .         174 

Coventry,  George          .  .175 

Clophenburgius,  John  .         175 

Collier,  William             .  .176 

Collier,  Thomas          .  .         177 

Choules,  J.  O.                 .  .     179 

Crook,  George            .  .         179 

Cone,  S.  H.,  D.D.           .  .     179 

Coffin,  Robert  A.       .  .         180 

Cornell,  Joseph              .  .180 

Comstock,  Elkanah  .         180 

Coles,  Peter           .         .  .181 

Clopton,  Peter           .  .         181 

Clopton,  William           .  .     181 

Cole,  Nathaniel,  Jun.  .         181 

Co.— Page  181  to  Page  182. 

Cuperiolus,  Aug.            .  .     181 

Church,  John              .  .         181 

Curcellffius,  Stephen  D.  .     181 

Curtis,  Thomas,  DD.  .         182 

Curtis,  Stephen             .  .     182 

Cushman,  R.  W.        .  .         182 

Cy  —Page  182  to  Page  182. 
Clyfton,  Richard  .        .     182 

Da.— Page  183  to  Page  189. 

Davids       ....  183 

Davis,  William      .        .  .183 

Davis,  J.            ...  185 

Davis,  Joseph        .         .  .185 

Davis,  G.  F.,  D.D.      .         .  186 

Davis,  Thomas      .        .  .186 

Davis,  J.  J.         .         .        .  186 

Davies,  Samuel     .        .  .     186 

Davies,  Mr.        ...  186 


Davye,  Thomas    . 
Daveniint,  John,  D.D. 
D'Assigny,  Marias 
Dagnal,  Stephen 
Dale,  Anthony  Van 
Daille,  John 
Dawkes,  Clendon 
Day, John 
Daventri.i,  A. 
Dantz,  John  Andrew 
Dagg,  J.  L.,  D.D. 
Davenport,  John 
Davenport,  John  2 
Daniel,  M. 
Daniel,  Robert  T. 

De— Page  195  to  I 
Dell,  William,  M.D.      ' 
Dewhurst,  Thomas 
Denne,  John 
Denne,  Henry 
Dew,  Samuel 
De  Auchy 
Denison 
Dean,  Mrs. 
De  Laune,  Thomas 
Dexter,  Gregory 


Di.— Page  205  to  Page  206. 


Dickinson,  Crispin 
Dickinson,  Jonathan 
Drinkwater,  Richard 
Dickens,  L. 
Dipping 

Do.— Page  206  to  Page 
Dore,  James 
Dorestaar 

Doddridge,  Philip,  D.D. 
Dorset,  John 
Dobson,  Alexander 
Dolman,  John 
Doe,  Charles 
Douglass,  Caleb 
Dobell,  Joseph 
Dowling,  J.,  D.D.       . 
Dorrington,  Theophilus 
Dod  and  Cleaver 


186 
186 
186 
187 
187 
187 
188 
188 


195 
196 
196 
19" 
199 
199 
200 
200 
204 
205 


I  Exell,  Joshua 
Eve,  George 
Ewer,  Samuel 
Eccles,  John 
Erskine,  John,  D.D. 
Ellis,  Jolm,  Jun. 
Ellison,  James 
Ellison,  Seacome 
Emlin, 

Elliot,  Richard  or  John 
Eltringliam,  William  . 
Estius,  William 


205 
205 
205 
206 
206 

)9. 
206 
206 
206 
207 
207 
208 
208 
208 
208 
209 
209 
209 


224 
224 
225 
285 
226 
226 
226 
226 
227 
227 
227 


Do— P.\ge  209  to  Page  210. 

Dudley,  Ambrose  .        .  209 

Dutch  Annotators  .  209 

Duke,  William,  LL.D.  .  209 

Duncan,  John  .        .  209 

Du  Bois,  J.  ...  209 

Dunham,  Jacob  H.  .  209 


Dr.- Page  210  to  Page  211. 
Dyke,  Daniel,  M.A.  .         2 

E.*.- Page  211  to  Page  227. 
Eaton.  David 
Edwards,  Morgan,  A.M. 
Edwards,  Peter 
Edwards,  John 
Edwards,  John,  D.D. 
Edwards,  Jonathan 
Edwards,  Jonathan,  D.D. 
Era-imus,  D.  R. 
Edzardi,  J. 


EastwootI 

England,  Church  of 
Eades,  Joseph 
Evans,  Caleb 
Evans,  Hugh,  M.A. 
Evans,  John,  M.A. 
Ev.ans,  Chrisnias 
Erbery,  William 
Elderfield,  Christian 


Et.— Page  227  to  Page  228. 
Ely,  Thomas  .        .        .     227 

Emiyn.  Thomas  .        .        228 

Encyclopedia  Britannica        .     228 

EiT.- Page  229  to  Page  238. 
Edmunds,  J.  0.  .        .        229 

Fa.— Page  238  to  Page  245. 

Farnworth,  Richard  .         238 

Farmer,  Richard  .         .     238 

Farwell,  Levi  .         .         239 

P^aukelius,  Herman  .         .     244 

Frankius,  A.  H,  .         .         244 

Frank,  Sebastian  .        .     244 

Francis,  Benjamin  .        .        244 

Franklin,  George  .        .     244 

Franklyn            .  .        .        245 

Fabricius,  John      .  .         ,     245 

Fabricius,  Francis  .        .        245 

Fabricius,  J.  2       .  .        .     245 

Fe— Page  245  to  Page  254. 

Featley,  Daniel,  D.D.  .         "45 

Fell,  Dr.  John       .  .        .246 

Fleetwood,  William  .        247 

Ferguson,  Robert  .         .     24" 

Fellows,  John             .  .         247 

Fleming,  Caleb      .  .        .     247 

Fleming,  Robert         .  .         247 

Frewin,  Paul         .  .        .     247 

Fellows              .         .  ,         248 

Freer,  J.         .         .  .         .     248 

Ferris,  Jonathan         .  .        248 

Ferris,  Enoch         .  .         .     250 

Frey,  J.  S.  C.  F.        .  .         252 

P'letcher,  A.,  M.D.  .        .     252 

Fi.— Page  254  to  Page  256. 
Field,  Richard,  M.D.         .         254 
Fisher,  John  .        .        .    254 

Finley,  .Samuel,  D.D.         .         256 
Frith,  Jolm  .         .         .256 

Fo. — Page  266  to  Page . 

Fownes,  George          .  .         265 

Fronde,  Thomas            .  .     266 

Forty,  Henry             .  .         266 

Florentinus,  Hieron       .  .     267 

Foot,  William             .  .         268 

F'oxwell,  Nathaniel       .  .     2C8 

Ford.  Reuben            .  .         268 

Ford,  Simon           .         .  .     269 

Flower.  Thom,as  .         269 

Flournoy,  Francis           .  .     269 
Formey,  John  Henry  Samuel    270 

Forbes,  Philo        .         .  .     270 

Foster,  James            .  .         270 
Foster,  E.              ...     276 

Foster,  Benjamin  .         276 

Foster,  0.  Gaylord        .  .    278 

Foster,  John               .  .        289 

Foster,  Elizabeth,          .  .     293 

Foskett,  Bernard,       .  .         294 

Fox,  William,       .         .  .295 


PaiNCETOH 
REC.JUN  1881 
^THEOLOGICil*. 


H  A  Y  N  E 


BAPTIST  CYCLOPEDIA 


AMALARIUS,  Fortuxatus,  a 
person  who,  from  being  a  Monk  of 
Madeloc,  was  exalted  to  the  Arch- 
bishopric of  Treves  in  810.  He 
wrote:  A  Treatise  on  Baptism,  print- 
ed among  the  works,  and  under  the 
name  of,  Alcuinns.  See  Alcuiniis 
in  this  work.  Also  Bibliotheca 
Britannica,by  Robert  AVatt,  M.  D., 
Edinburgh,  1824. 

ALTMANN,  John  George,  a 
Swiss  Historian  and  Divine,  was 
born  1697  ;  died  1758.  In  con- 
junction with  Brettinger,  he  com- 
piled the  collection  entitled  Tem- 
pe  Helvetica.  Zurich,  1735-43, 
6  A'ols.,  8vo. — Meletemata  philo- 
gico-Critica  quibus  difficilioribus. 
N.  Test,  locis  ex  antiquitate  lux  af- 
funditur.  Utrecht,  1753,  3  vols., 
4to. — A  Description  of  the  Gla- 
ciers in  Germany.  Zurich,  1751- 
53,  8vo.  —  Principia  Ethica  ex 
monitis  legis  naturae  et  praeceptis 
religionis  Christianae  deducta.  Zu- 
rich, 2d  edition,  1753,  2  vols., 
8vo.  He  wrote,  also,  a  Philo- 
sophical work,  entitled  A'ersuch- 
einer  Historischen  und  Physischen 
Besclireibung  der  Helvetischen  Eis- 


berge.  ZweiteAuflage :  illustrated 
with  copper-plates.  Zurich,  1753, 
8vo. — Robert  Watt's  Bibliotheca 
Britannica,  ad  nornen.  From  this 
writer,  who  was  a  Pgedobaptist,  the 
following  quotations  are  made  un- 
der the  name  of  Altmanxus  :  "  In 
the  primitive  church,  persons  to  be 
baptized  were  not  sprinkled  but  en- 
tirehj  immersed  in  water,  which 
was  performed  according  to  the  ex- 
ample of  John  the  Baptist.  Hence 
all  those  allusions  :  seeing  by  im- 
mersion, they  plainly  signified  a 
buried;  by  the  following  emersion 
out  of  the  water,  a  resurrection ; 
and  agreeable  to  these  ideas,  are 
those  passages  of  scripture  to  be 
explained,  which  refer  to  this  rite. 
See  Rom.  vi.  3,  4,  5,  Col.  ii.,  and 
Gal.  iii.  27."  Meletem.  Philolog. 
Critic.  Tom.  iii.  Exercit.  in  1  Cor. 
XV.  29.  8  ^oo^A,  Paedobaptism  Ex- 
amined p.  97. 

'■  It  has  not  yet  been  proved  that 
the  baptism  of  Clinics  was  used  in 
the  time  of  the  Apostles  ;  nor  cer- 
tainly can  any  pa.ssages  be  produc- 
ed from  the  Apostolic  MTitings,  nor 
from   those   of  the    first    Fathers, 


Aa 


HAYNES'  BAPTIST 


Aa 


from  which  it  may  be  concluded 
that  it  is  a  rite  of  such  great 
antiquity."  Meletem.  PhiJolog. 
Critic.  Tom.  iii.  p.  131. 

ANABAPTISM.  For  authors  on 
this  subject  and  for  notices  of  the 
titles  and  character  of  their  works, 
see  in  this  work  articles  :  Aemstel- 
redamus,  Cole  Thomas,  Brocardus 
James,  Wigend  John,  Clopenber- 
gius,  Bailie  Sobert,  Reading  John, 
D.D.,  Cragge  John,  Collins  Her- 
cules, Barton  Thomas,  and  Bene- 
dict David,  and  articles  Anabaptist, 
Catabaptist,  Sebaptist,  Faedobap- 
tist,  and  Baptist.  Under  the  title 
Anabaptism,  Robert  Watt  in  his 
Bibliotheca  Britannica dates,  1535, 
and  notices  the  following  works : 
Dissertatio  Contra  A.  1535.  A 
Godly  and  Fruitful  sermon  against 
the  divers  erroneous  Opinions  of 
the  A.  and  others.  1580.  De  A. 
Jurantiain  in  Papam  et  Ecclesiam 
Romanam.  1582.  De  A.  Dogmata, 
et  Argumenta,  cum  Refutationibus. 
1644.  The  Confession  of  Faith  of 
the  Churches  commonly  called 
A.  London.  4to.  Grlasg.  Lib. 
1743.  Gangraena  Theologia;,  A., 
&c — 1647.  A.  the  true  Fountain 
of  Independency,  Browinism,  An- 
tinomianism,  and  Familism  un- 
sealed—1647.  Against  A.— 1654. 
An  Antidote  to  A. — 1767.  A. 
Routed — 1656.  The  Arraignment 
and  Conviction  of  A.  1673.  Anti- 
dote to  prevent  the  prevalency  of 
A.     N.  D.     Defence  of  A. 

ANABAPTIST.  Authors  and 
works  on  this  subject  are  noticed 
in  this  work  under  their  names  re- 
spectively, some  of  which  are  the 
following:  Corvinus Anthony,  Cal- 
vin John,  Turner  William,  D.D., 
BuUinger  Henry,  Knox  John,Bres 
John  De,  Johnson  Francis,  Bale, 
or    Baleus   John,    Ampsinguis   or 


Ampsing  John,  Assuerus,  Bugen- 
hagius,  or  Bugenhagen  John,  Hor- 
tensius  Lambert,  Ainsworth  Henry, 
Sheppard,  or  Shepard,  or  Shepherd 
Thomas,  Ricraft  Josiah,  Spanheim 
Frederick,  Bakewell  Thomas,  Feat- 
ley  Daniel,  Crouch  John,  Chidley 
Samuel,  Carpenter  Richard,  Ash- 
ton  Thomas,  Brown  Immanuel, 
Fell  Dr.  John,  Collens  John,  Pres- 
sick  George,  Ellis  Thomas,  Cra- 
fordius  Matthew,  Allen  William, 
D.D.,  Assheton  William,  D.D., 
Fabricius  John,  Stennett  Joseph, 
Stennett  Samuel,  Stogdon  Hubert, 
Catron  Francis,  Watkins  Richard, 
Cotesford  Thomas,  Ott  John  Henry, 
Whitgift  Dr.  John,  Gerbelius  Nich- 
olas, and  names  under  articles  Ana- 
baptism,  Baptism,  Paedobaptism, 
&c.  See  also  Benedict  David,  and 
Art.,  Chronology  Baptist.  The 
following  list  of  titles  of  books  on 
this  subject  is  quoted  from  Robert 
Watt's  Bibliotheca  Britannica  un- 
der the  title  of  this  article. 

1.  A.  de  Ortu  et  Progressu.- 
1554. 

2.  De  Miserabili  Monasteriensi- 
um  A.,  obsidione,  excidio,  memora- 
bilibus  rebus  tempore  obsidionis  in 
urbe  gestis,  Epistola.-1549. 

3.  A  Short  Instruction  for  to 
arme  all  good  Christian  People 
against  the  Pestiferous  Errours  of 
the  Common  Secte  of  the  A.-1551. 

4.  A  Preservative  or  triacle 
against  the  Poison  of  Pelagius,  late- 
ly renewed  and  stirred  up  again  by 
the  furious  Sect  of  the  A.-1551. 

5.  Three  Dialogues  between  the 
Seditious  Libertine  or  Rebel  A., 
and  the  true  obedient  Christian. 
1554. 

5.  An  halsome  Antidotus,  or 
counter  Poyson  agamst  the  pesti- 
lent Heresye  and  Sect  of  A.-1560. 

7.  Adversus  A.,  lib.   ii.-1560. 


Aa 


CYCLOPAEDIA. 


Aa 


8.  An  Answer  to  a  great  number 
of  blasphemous  Cavillations,  writ- 
ten by  an  A.,  wherein  the  Author 
discouvereth  the  craft  and  false- 
hood of  that  Sect,  that  the  Godly, 
Knowing  that  error,  may  be  con- 
firmed in  the  trueth  by  the  evident 
Word  of  God.-lo95. 

9.  La  Racine,  Source,  et  Fonde- 
ment  des  A.  de  nostre  temps,  avec 
refutation  de  leurs  arguments. 
1617. 

10.  Treatises  against  the  A. 
1616. 

11.  Historia  A.-1619. 

12.  Disp.  3  contra  A.-1632. 

13.  De  Paedobaptismo,  contra  A. 
-1636. 

14.  Tumultuum  A.,  liber  unus. 
1641. 

15.  Book  of  Common  Prayer 
Vindicated  from  all  A.-1642. 

16.  A  Short  History  of  High 
and  Low  Germany.  Lond.  4to.- 
1644. 

17.  Confession  of  Faith  of  A., 
&c.  Lond.  Reprinted  Lon.  1646, 
1652.-1644. 

18.  An  Answer  upon  a  Dialogue 
of  the  A.-1645. 

19.  A  Letter  against  A.,  Separa- 
tists, &c.  Lond.-1645. 

20.  A  Looking-glasis  for  the  A. 
and  the  rest  of  the  Separatists. 
-1646. 

21.  Of  the  Origin  and  Progress 
of  the  Sect  of  the  A.-1646. 

22.  An  Historical   jNarration  of 
several  sects  of  the  A.  in  Germany 
-1646. 

23.  Defence  of  Infant  Baptism 
against  the  A.-1647. 

24.  The  Dippers  dipt ;  being  a 
Discourse  against  the  A.-1650. 

25.  Anabaptistarum  Scrupuli; 
an  Answer  to  a  Kentish  A.,  made 
in  the  year  1649. 

26.  The   Separatist's  answer  to 


the    A.      Arguments     concerning 
Baptism.-1653. 

27.  The  A.  Washed  and  shrunk 
in  the  Washing.-1659. 

28.  The  Boundless  Cruelty  of  an 
A.'s  Tyranny. -1659. 

29.  Against  the  A.'s  and  Quak- 
ers.-1659. 

30.  Of  the  Designments  of  the 
Roman  Catholics,  Royalists,  Pres- 
byterians, A.-1660. 

31.  A  Brief  Relation  of  some  of 
the  most  remarkable  Passages  of 
the  A.  of  High  and  Low  Germany, 
in  the  year  1521,  &C.-1661. 

32.  Traytors  Unvailed  ;  a  brief 
and  true  Account  of  the  Design  of 
the  A.  and  Fifth  Monarchy  Men 
on  Sunday,  in  Newgate.-1669.- 
1676. 

33.  Adversus  Socinianos,  A.  Lib- 
ertinos,  Pontificios  quosdam,  Luth- 
eranos,  &c.  1676. 

34.  A  Friendly  Address  to  Non- 
conformists, beginning  with  the  A. 
-1695. 

35.  Hist,  des  A.  Paris,  8vo.-1695. 

36.  A  Conference  with  an  A.- 
1695. 

37.  The  A.'s  Catechism. -Lond. 
8VO.-1701. 

38.  Two  Letters  to  Dissuade  from 
the  Errors  of  A.-1701. 

39.  A  Serious  Address  to  the  A. 
Lon.  8VO.-1701. 

40.  A  Caveat  against  the  new 
sect  of  the  A.  lately  sprung  up  at 
Oxon.  Lon.  8VO.-1704. 

41.  Contra  Cum  A.-1704. 

42.  Answer  to  Mr.  David  Rus- 
sen's  true  Picture  of  the  A.-1714. 

43.  A  Defence  of  the  Caveat 
against  the  A.  of  Oxon.-1718. 

44.  The  Female's  Advocate  in 
behalf  of  the  Sisters'  Right  to 
Church  Government  in  the  A.  con- 
gregation.    Lon.  4to.-1733. 

45.  The  History  of  the  A.-N.D. 


10 


HAYNES'  BAPTIST 


Aa 


46.  That  there  is  a  lawful  Vse 
of  an  Oath,  contrary  to  the  asser- 
tion of  the  Manichees  and  A. 

47.  A  most  sure  and  strong  de- 
fence of  the  Baptism  of  Children 
against  the  A. 

48.  An  Epistle  written  to  a  good 
Lady  for  the  comfort  of  a  Friend 
of  hers,  wherein  the  Novations'  er- 
roure  now  reniued  by  the  A.  is  con- 
futed, and  the  Synne  against  ye 
Holy  Ghoste  plainly  declared. 

49.  Annals  relating  to  the  His- 
tory of  the  A. 

50.  Certayne  Notis  and  Proper- 
ties of  A. 

Under  the  Articles,  Baptism, 
Paedobaptist,  Baptist,  Paedobap- 
tism,  Infant  Baptism,  Anabap- 
tism,  and  in  the  Biograj)hical, 
Bibliographical  and  Chronological 
portions  of  this  work  will  be  added 
and  noticed,  in  extenso,  several 
hundred  other  works  and  authors 
from  some  of  which  full  quotations 
will  be  inserted.  From  this  frag- 
ment it  will  be  perceived  by  the 
reader,  most  readily,  that  the  ma- 
terials are  most  ample  and  satis- 
factory for  the  identification  of  the 
Baptists  under  whatever  name  they 
may  have  been  known,  in  every 
generation,  from  a  period,  in  histo- 
ry not  only  coaeval  with  the  Pro- 
testant Reformation,  but,  as  will 
evidently  be  made  appear,  from  a 
period  long  anterior,  which,  if  not 
as  the  learned  Lutheran  Doctor 
Mosheim  in  his  Ecclesiastical  His- 
tory affirms,  "  hid  in  the  remotest 
depths  of  antiquity,"  yet  traceable 
to  the  very  first  day  of  the  begin- 
ning of  the  Church  of  Jesus  Christ, 
which  will  be  done,  or  at  least  es- 
sayed, in  the  Baptist  Cyclopaedia 
under  the  Chronological  History 
of  the  Baptists  in  the  form  of  a 
digested  and  succinct  Compend. 


A  LAPIDE,  Cornelius.  See 
Pierre. 

ADAMS,  Rev.  Richard,  a  Bap- 
tist minister  and  divine  of  England 
is  to  be  distinguished  from  another 
of  the  same  name,  a  Presbyterian 
divine  and  author  and  fellow  of 
Brazen  Nose  College,  Oxford,  as 
will  appear  by  comparing  Robert 
Watt  in  BibliothecaBrilannica  un- 
der the  names,  and  Walter  W^il- 
soN  in  his  History  of  Dissenting 
Churches,  &c.,  Vol.  4.,  p.  277,  in 
a  note.  In  this  same  work  above 
quoted,  Walter  Wilson,  Vol.. I., 
p.  402,  gives  a  list  oi  fifteen  pas- 
tors and  assistants  of  the  Baptist 
Church,  Devonshire  Square,  i\\i\ie 
city  of  London,  Eastern  Division, 
commencing  with  Rev.  William 
Kiffin,  previous  to  1692,  and  ending 
with  Rev.  Timothy  Thomas  after 
1800,  where  he  places  Rev.  Rich- 
ard Adams  as  pastor  from  1690  to 
1716.  See  Devonshire  Square  in 
Baptist  Cyclopaedia.  In  Vol.  11, 
p.  257  he  notes  Mr.  Adams  as  pas- 
tor of  Fair  Street,  General  Bap- 
tist Church,  in  Southwark,  Eng- 
land, from  1688  to  1689.  In  the 
same  Vol.  p.  343,  he  says  under  the 
head  of  Shad  Thames  Baptist 
Church,  Southwark:  "The  pastor 
of  this  church  in  1681,  was  Mr. 
John  Clai/ton,  who  died  about  the 
time  of  the  revolution.  He  was 
succeeded  by  Mr.  Richard  Adams, 
who,  about  1690,  was  called  to  suc- 
ceed Mr.  Daniel  Dyke,  at  Devon- 
shire Square.  See  Articles  Fair 
Street  and  Shad  Thames,  in  their 
proper  alphabetical  places  in  this 
work.  From  Walt(!r  Wilson's 
"  History  of  Dissenting  Churches," 
&c.,  published  in  Loud,  in  4  vols,  in 
1808,  vol.  I.,  pp.  435—437,  (the  au- 
thor is  still  living,  and  is  a  Dissent- 
er, but  not  a  Baptist,  it  is  believed,) 


Aa 


CYCLOPEDIA. 


Aa 


11 


the  following  biography  is  extract- 
ed. He  says:  "As  Mr.  Adams  is 
not  mentioned  by  the  Oxford  His- 
torian, it  is  probable  that  he  re- 
ceived his  education  in  the  Uni- 
versity of  Cambridge.  We  have 
no  account  of  him  before  the  Re- 
storation, when  he  had  the  living 
of  Humberstone,  in  Leicestershire  ; 
but  which  he  was  forced  to  relin- 
quish by  the  act  of  uniformity,  in 
1662.  After  his  ejectment,  he 
married,  and  set  up  a  meeting  in 
his  own  house,  at  Mountsorrel, 
where  he  preached  about  fourteen 
years.  As  many  persons  resorted 
to  hear  him,  it  excited  the  jealousy 
of  a  neighboring  justice,  of  the 
name  of  Babington,  who,  thoiagh 
a  sober  man,  was  very  severe  with 
him,  and  oppressed  the  Dissenters 
more  than  all  the  other  justices  in 
the  county.  He  fined  Mr.  Adams 
twelve-pence  per  day,  and  sent  to 
the  officers  of  the  parish  to  make 
distress  for  it.  Though  the  con- 
sciences of  these  men  smote  them 
in  their  unhallowed  work,  yet  the 
threats  of  the  justice  induced  them 
to  seize  his  pewter,  and  send  it  to 
the  pewterers,  which,  however, 
they  refused  to  buy.  After  this 
the  justice  sent  for  Mr.  Adams,  and 
told  him  he  was  not  against  his 
keeping  school,  if  he  would  cease 
to  preach,  otherwise  he  must  ex- 
pect to  be  troubled.  Crosby  in- 
forms us.  History  of  the  Baptists, 
Vol.  iii.  jj.  3S,  that  this  justice  died 
soon  after  by  bleeding.  How  far 
this  may  be  considered  a  retalia- 
tion of  Providence,  we  do  not  take 
it  upon  us  to  say.  But,  though  it 
may  be  presumption  in  us  to  de- 
termine precisely  what  are  the 
judgments  of  God,  yet  it  cannot! 
be  denied,  that  he  has  sometimes 
displayed    his   power   in    such    a| 


striking  manner,  and  accompanied 
bysomanyremarkable  coincidences, 
that  it  would  argue  extreme  in- 
sensibility were  they  to  pass  unno- 
ticed. Though  we  are  far  from 
crediting  all  the  numerous  tales  of 
this  kind  upon  record,  yet  if  we  be- 
lieve that  the  Almighty  superin- 
tends the  concerns  of  his  church, 
we  can  not  suppose  him  indifl'erent 
to  the  concerns  of  his  people,  more 
especially  as  he  has  set  a  particu- 
lar mark  upon  persecutors.  This 
will  be  a  sufficient  apology  for  our 
introducing  such  frequent  refer- 
ences to  the  Divine  interposition. 
Towards  the  latter  end  of  the  reign 
of  King  Charles  II.,  Mr.  Adams 
removed  to  London,  and  was 
chosen  ministerof  a  congregation  at 
Shad  Thames,  Bermondsey.  From 
thence,  upon  the  death  of  the  Rev. 
Daniel  Dyke,  he  was  called  to  be 
joint-elder  with  Mr.  Kiffin  at  De- 
vonshire-Square. He  was  ordained 
to  that  office  in  October,  1690,  and 
the  service  was  managed  with 
great  solemnit)^  by  Mr.  Knollys, 
Mr.  William  Collins,  Mr.  Hercules 
Collins,  &c.  For  several  years  af- 
ter his  settlement  at  Devonshire- 
Square,  singing  the  praises  of  God 
in  public  worship,  was  a  thing  ut- 
terly unknown  to  the  congregation. 
Indeed  most  of  the  Baptist 
Churches  at  this  period,"  (only  in 
some  particular  places,)  "  seem  to 
have  avoided  it  as  an  anti-christian 
infection.  It  was  not  till  Decem- 
ber 1701,  that  this  enlivening  part 
of  devotion  was  introduced  to  Mr. 
Adams'  Church  ;  and  even  then  it 
was  used,  for  some  time,  with  ex- 
treme caution.  Mr.  Adams,  who 
was  a  man  of  great  piety  and  integ- 
rity, lived  to  a  very  great  age,  but 
was  disabled  from  constant  preacli- 
ing  several  years  before  his  death, 


12 


Ae 


HAYNES'  BAPTIST 


Ae 


which  happened  in  the  year  1716." 
Wilson  here  quotes  MS.  penes  me. 
In  Vol.  4.  p.  2-57,  258,  writing  of 
Fair  Street  Baptist  Cliurch,  he 
says :  "  The  minister  of  this  church 
in  1689,  when  it  is  said  to  have 
met  at  Shad  Thames,  was  Mr. 
Richard  Adams.  He  joined  the 
general  association  of  Particular 
Baptist  Churches  in  that  year,  and 
signed  their  Confession  of  Faith. 
The  church  of  which  he  was  elder, 
however,  appears  to  have  been  of 
the  General  Baptist  persuasion. 
It  was  no  uncommon  thing  in  those 
days  for  ministers  of  Calvinistical 
sentiments  to  take  the  oversight 
of  churches  belonging  to  that  de- 
nomination, as  we  find  in  the  cases 
of  Mr.  Stennett,  Mr.  Piggott,  and 
others.  Their  differences  were  not 
so  wide  as  they  we're  in  after  times. 
Mr.  Adams  left  this  church  in  the 
year  above  mentioned,  and  removed 
to  Devonshire-Square,"  as  above 
noticed. 

AEMSTELREDAMUS,  rather 
a  voluminous  writer.  His  principal 
works  are — Parascue  ad  Sacrum 
Synaxin,  Col.  1532,  Svo.-Dlsserta- 
tio  contra  Anahaptis'inum.  Antw. 
1535,  Svo.-Baptismus  Christiauus 
juxta  ornnes  locos,  Dialecticae  In- 
ventionis  descriptus.  Saligniaci, 
1537.-Scholia  ad  Marbodaeum  de 
Gemmis,  8vo.-Selectae  Similitudi- 
nes  ex  Bibliis  et  Orthodoxis  Patri- 

buS,   8V0.     BiBLIOTHECA    BrITANNICA 

by  Robert  Watt,  M.D.  Edinburgh 
-London,  4to,  in  4  vols.  1824.  See 
also  Articles  Anabaptism  and  Bap- 
tism in  this  work.  It  is  most  con- 
fidently believed  that  by  the  col- 
lection and  collocation  of  this,  and 
other  Paidobaptist  authors  against 
Anabaptists,  and  Baptists,  on  the 
Baptismal  question,  that  notwith- 
standing the  invective  and  calum- 


niation against  them  with  which 
many  of  the  works  chiefly  abound, 
even  characteristically  so,  yet  nev- 
ertheless the  discriminating  judg- 
ment of  the  learned  writers  of  the 
Baptist  denomination  in  the  pres- 
ent generation,  might  find  and  di- 
gest, if  any  would  be  at  the  pains 
and  expence  of  elaborating  it,   an 
incalculable  and  invaluable  amount 
of  well  authenticated  documentary 
facts   which  would    elucidate  the 
ecclesiastical    history    of    a    sect, 
which  existed  previously  to  the  Pro- 
testant Reformation,  with  various 
degrees  of  purity  and   fidelity,  as 
witnesses  of  the  true   Christianity 
against  the  see  of  Papal  Rome  and 
her  corruptions  of  the  simplicity  of 
the  gospel,  church,  and  ordinances 
of  Christ,  and  thus  for  ever  silence 
gainsayers,  Romanist  and    Protes- 
tant.    In  such  an  inquest,  would 
be  doubtless  discovered,  not  only  in 
the  authors  themselves,  facts  and 
excerpts  containing  dates  and  con- ' 
cessions  most   favorable,    but  also 
most  certainly  quotations  from  oth- 
er authors   and  works,    the  know- 
ledge of  which  would  thus  be  af- 
forded as  an  universal  index  to  aid 
in  further  search  into  Baptist  An- 
tiquities.    It  was  partly  with  this 
view  that  the   author  was  uncon- 
sciously, for  his  own  personal  grat- 
ification, led  many  years   ago    to 
address  himself,  as  opportunity  af- 
forded, to  this  most  laborious,  but 
to  him  all  absorbing  investigation. 
Animated  by  the  hope  too,  that  the 
Baptist     Cyclopadia,  which    has 
thus   grown  spontaneously  into  a 
book,  might,  if  published,  stimulate 
in  the  present,  or  in  some    future 
generation,  the  Baptist  Antiquari- 
ans to  bestow  yet  more  thorough 
and    successful    labors    upon    this 
field  of  investigation,  has  not  been 


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CYCLOPAEDIA. 


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13 


the  least  of  the  motives  which  in- 
duced the  publication. 

ANVERS,  Henry  D'-Author  of 
-1.  A  Treatise  of  Baptism;  con- 
taining also  the  History  of  Chris- 
tianity among  the  Ancient  Britons, 
and  among  the  Waldenses.  Lon. 
1(374,  8vo.-2.  A  Treatise  of  Lay- 
ing on  of  Hands  ;  with  the  History 
thereof  Lond.  1674,  8vo.-Reply 
to  Mr.  Willis'  Answer  to  a  late 
Treatise  on  Baptism  ;  with  a  brief 
Answer  to  Mr.  Bilnman's  Essay. 
Lond.  1675,  Svo.-BibliothecaBrit- 
ANNiCA  by  Robert  Watt  under 
name.  See  also  in  this  work  Art. 
Baptism.  Walter  Wilson,  of  the 
Inner  Temple,  London,  in  his  His- 
tory of  Dissenting  Churches  Sec, 
vol.  1,  p.  393-396,  furnishes  the  fol- 
lowing biography  of  this  distin- 
guished Baptist,  which  however 
defective  and  exceptionable  is  pre- 
ferred to  Crosby's  for  the  reason 
that  this  testimony  is  volunteered 
by  a  reputable  author  who  is  not  a 
Baptist,  and  cannot  therefore  be 
accused  of  partiality,  if  he  is  of 
a,  tincture  of  prejudice,  and  this 
course  is  adopted  generally  by 
the  ai;thor  of  the  Baptist  Cijch- 
padia,  as  commending  itself  espe- 
cially to  readers  of  other  denom- 
inations of  Christians,  who  will 
doubtless  attach  more  credit  to 
their  own  historians  than  to  the 
statements  of  the  Baptist  author. 
Wilson  thus  discourses  :  "  Henry 
D'Anvers,  a  writer  of  some  note 
among  the  Anti-Paedobaptists"  (i.  e. 
Baptists,)  "  of  the  seventeenth  cen- 
tury, descended  from  respectable 
parents.  Of  his  history  but  few  par- 
ticulars are  kriown.  He  appears 
to  have  been  a  Colonel  in  the  Par- 
liament army,  as  also  governor  of 
Stafford,  and  a  justice  of  the  peace, 
sometime  before  the  usurpation  of 


Oliver  Cromwell :  and  we  are  told 
that  he  was  well  beloved  among 
the  people,  being  noted  for  one 
who  would  take  no  bribes.  It  was 
at  this  time  that  he  embraced  the 
principles  of  the  Baptists,  and  also 
of  the  fifth  monarchy  men,"  (this 
last  allegation  needs  some  confir- 
mation of  its  truth,)  "  though,  it 
is  said,  he  could  not  fall  in  with 
their  practices.  After  the  Restora- 
tion, he  appears  to  have  suffered 
considerably  on  account  of  his  non- 
conformity. As  he  possessed  a 
considerable  estate,  of  about  four 
hundred"'  (£,)  "per  annum,  he 
made  it  over  to  Trustees,  that  it 
might  not  be  claimed  by  his  per- 
secutors." Here  Wilson  in  a  note 
adds :  "  Crosby's  Account  of  Mr. 
D'Anvers  is  so  confused  that  it  is 
difficult  to  distinguish  whether 
some  of  the  above  particulars  refer 
to  father,  or  son."  As  the  Baptist 
Cyclopaedia  will  contain  no  notes 
except  only  such  as  are  inserted  in 
the  text,  it  may  here  be  intimated, 
that  Avhether  true  or  false  of  the 
father,  it  must  be  altogether  a  mis- 
take that  the  son  under. considera- 
tion either  sympathized  or  was 
identified  with  the  fifth  monarch- 
ists. "Li  the  reign  of  Charles 
the  Second,  Mr.  D'Anvers  was  joint- 
elder  of  a  baptized  congregation 
near  Aldgate.  But  his  principles 
rendering  him  obnoxious  to  the 
government,  a  proclamation  was 
issued  for  his  apprehension.  He 
was  at  length  taken  and  sent  pris- 
oner to  the  Tower:  but  his  lady 
having  great  interest  at  court,  and 
there  being  no  charge  of  conse- 
quence against  him,  he  was  releas- 
ed upon  bail,  about  the  year  1675. 
In  the  reign  of  James  II.  he  at- 
tended some  private  meetings  at 
which  matters  were  concerted  in 


14 


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HAYNES'  BAPTIST 


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favor  of  the  Duke  of  Monmouth ; 
but  the  scheme  of  that  unfortunate 
prince  miscarrying,  Mr.  D'Anvers 
tied  into  Holland,  where  he  died 
about  a  year  after  the  Duke  was 
beheaded,  A.  D.  1686.  Crosby 
speaks  of  him  as  "  a  ivorthi/  man, 
of  an  unspotted  life,  and  conversa- 
tion."  As  Mr.  D'Anvers  was  en- 
gaged in  a  controversy  of  some 
importance,  both  as  it  regards  the 
subject,  and  the  persons  who  were 
concerned  in  it,  the  reader  will 
expect  some  account  of  his  writ- 
ings. Although  in  the  beginning 
of  this  article  this  was  partly  done 
from  Robert  Watt,  as  Walter  Wil- 
son is  nrore  full,  his  account  will 
be  added.  "  In  1674,  appeared 
the  second  edition  of  his  Treatise 
of  Baptism :  wherein  that  of  Be- 
lievers, and  that  of  Infants,  is  ex- 
amined by  the  Scriptures.  With 
the  History  of  both  out  of  Anti- 
quity ;  making  it  appear  that  In- 
fants' Baptism  was  not  practised 
for  near  four  hundred  years  after 
Christ :  with  the  fabulous  Tradi- 
tions, and  erroneous  Grounds  upon 
which  it  was,  by  the  Pope's  Can- 
ons (with  Gossips,  Chrysm,  Exor- 
cism, Baptizing  of  Churches  and 
Bells,  and  other  Popish  Rites,) 
founded.  And  that  the  famous  Wal- 
densian,  and  old  British  Churches, 
Lollards  and  Wickliffians,  and 
other  Christians  witnessed  against 
it.  With  the  History  of  Christian- 
ity amongst  the  Ancient  Britons 
and  Waldensians."  We  have  giv- 
the  full  title  of  this  book,  in  order 
to  prepare  the  reader  for  much  cu- 
rious matter  which  he  may  expect 
in  the  perusal.  Without  deciding 
upon  the  merits  of  the  argument, 
it  is  not  too  much  to  say,  that  in 
this  performance  Mr.  D'Anvers 
displayed  great  labor    and    inge- 


nuity ;  a  good  knowledge  of  eccle- 
siastical history,  and  of  the  writ- 
ings of  the  ancients ;  and  that  he 
takes  such  a  comprehensive  view 
of  the  subject,  as  to  deserve  the 
attention  of  those  who  are  desir- 
ous of  acquainting  themselves  with 
the  controversy.  This  treatise  of 
Mr.  D'Anvers  soon  brought  upon 
him  a  number  of  adversaries,  par- 
ticularly Mr.  Willis,  Mr.  Bilnman, 
and  Mr.  Baxter.  To  those  he  re- 
plied in  three  distinct  treatises,  in 
1675.  Mr.  Willis  having  charged 
Mr.  D'Anvers  with  misquoting  his 
authors,  and  perverting  their  sense, 
appealed  to  the  Baptists  upon  the 
subject.  This  occasioned  some  of 
Mr.  D'Anvers'  brethren  to  print  a 
short  paper  in  his  vindication.  It 
was  signed  by  Hans.  Knollys,  Will. 
Kyfhn,  Dan.  Dyke,  Jo.  Gosnold, 
Hen.  Forty,  Tho.  De  Laune.  Be- 
sides his  pieces  upon  baptism,  Mr. 
D'Anvers  published,  "  A  Treatise 
of  Laying  on  of  Hands,  with  the 
History  thereof,  both  from  Scrip- 
ture and  Antiquity.  1674."  In 
his  History  of  Baptism,  is  an  ad- 
vertisment  to  the  following  effect. 
"  There  is  by  the  same  author,  a 
book  lately  printed,  called,  Theo- 
polis,  or  City  of  God,  in  opposition 
to  the  city  of  the  Nations :  being 
a  comment  upon  Rev.  chap.  xx.  21. 
In  which  tlie  mystery  of  the  two 
States,  Worlds,  and  Kingdoms, 
Christ's  and  Antichrist's  ;  the  two 
cities,  Jerusalem  and  Babylon  ;  the 
two  women,  the  Bride  and  the 
Whore ;  the  two  creatures,  the 
Lamb  and  Beast,  are  particularly 
unfolded.  With  a  more  distinct 
account  than  any  yet  extant,  of 
the  great  battle  of  Armageddon, 
and  the  success  thereof,  in  the 
taking  and  destroying,  and  impris- 
oning  Dragon,   Beast,  and    False 


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CYCLOPEDIA. 


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15 


Prophet ;  and  the  thousand  years 
reipfn  succeeding  the  same.  With 
the  many  scriptural  arguments  why 
those  two  prophecies  of  the  great 
battle,  and  thousands  years  reign, 
in  point  of"  time,  do  precede,  or  are 
to  be  before  the  personal  coming 
of  Jesus  Christ,  whose  said  per- 
sonal coming  and  appearing,  with 
his  kingdom  and  reign  upon  the 
earth  with  all  the  saints,  is  describ- 
ed, particularly  asserted  and  treat- 
ed on.  A  piece  which  may  be 
very  useful  to  any  that  would  have 
information  into  these  truths,  and 
are  desirous  of  more  distinct  light 
and  knowledge  into  that  blessed 
book,  and  Prophecy  of  the  Kevela- 
tion,  so  fully  declaring  the  condi- 
tion and  state  of  the  church  in 
these  last  times.  "  None  of  the 
above  pieces  are  mentioned  by  Cros- 
by." So  far  Walter  Wilson  of 
the  Inner  Temple  with  our  notes. 
Mr.  Benedict  occupies  nearly  six 
large  octavo  pages  in  noticing  this 
work  and  in  extracts  and  quota- 
tions. Ed.  1848,  pp.  150,  151, 
152,  153,  154,  155.  As  his  book 
is  of  so  recent  date,  American,  and 
universally  accessible  to  the  read- 
ers of  the  Baptist  Cyclopaedia,  it 
will  suffice,  after  this  full  reference 
to  it,  to  quote  only  from  p.  151 
his  summary  of  "  The  Contents 
of  the  Whole  of  D'Anvers' Trea- 
tise of  Baptism,"  which  he  thus 
gives :  "  The  book  consists  of 
two  parts,  the  first  proving  be- 
lievers :  The  second  disproving 
infant  baptism,  under  these  two 
heads : 

I.  That  the  baptizing  of  bcliev- 
e?-s,  is  only  to  be  esteemed  Chrises 
ordinance  of  baptism. 

II.  Tliat  the  baptism  of  in- 
fants   is   no    ordinance    of   Jesus 

Christ. 


The  first  whereof  is  proved  in 
seven  chapters,  viz : 

1.  From  Christ's  positive  insti- 
tution and  commission  commend- 
ing it. 

2.  From  the  apostolical  doctrines 
and  precepts  teaching  it. 

3.  From  the  example  of  prim- 
itive saints  practising  it. 

4.  From  the  spiritual  ends  in 
the  ordinance  enjoining  it. 

5.  From  the  New  Testament 
dispensation  requiring  it. 

6.  From  the  constitution  of  all 
the  primitive  churches  confirming 
it. 

7.  From  the  testimony  of  learn- 
ed men  in  all  ages,  since  Christ's 
witnessing  it. 

The  second  also  is  made  good 
in  seven  chapters  more,  viz : 

1.  From  the  scriptures'  total  si- 
lence as  to  any  precept  or  practice 
to  warrant  it. 

2.  From  the  silence  of  antiquity 
itself,  as  to  any  practice  of  it  for 
300  years,  or  the  imposing  of  it 
for  at  least  405  after  Christ. 

3.  From  the  erroneous  grounds 
both  as  to  fabulous  traditions  and 
mistaken  scriptures  pretended  for  it. 

4.  From  the  changed  alteration 
of  the  rite  and  ceremony  itself  of 
dipping  the  whole  man,  into  sprink- 
ling a  little  water  on  the  head  or 
face. 

5.  From  the  nullity  and  utter 
insignificancy  of  it  as  to  any  gospel 
ordinance. 

6.  From  the  absurdities  and  con- 
tradictions of  it. 

7.  From  the  eminent  witness 
borne  against  it  all  along." 

"  The  whole  making,"  says  Ben- 
edict "  a  12mo.  volume  of  450  pp." 
As  our  design  is  not  to  incroach  upon 
the  premises  of  living  authors  and 
having  added  from  Benedict  cop- 


16 


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HAYNES'  BAPTIST 


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iously,  this  article,  already  too  long 
for  this  work,  must  abruptly  close 
by  asking  the  reader  to  anticipate 
something  more  in  this  work  under 
the  general  division  of  Baptist 
Literature. 

APPLE  CtRATH,  Robert,  for- 
merly a  Quaker,  but  has  adopted  the 
doctrines  of  the  Established  Church, 
-Author  of — Theological  Survey  of 
the  Human  Understanding.  Lond. 
1776,  Swo.-Apology  for  the  Two 
Ordinances  of  Jesus  Christ,  hij  the 
Holy  Communion  and  Baptism, 
recommended  to  the  Quakers.  Lon. 
1789,  Svo.-A  Plea  for  the  Poor, 
or.  Remarks  on  the  Price  of  Pro- 
visions and  the  Peasants'  Labou^r, 
the  Bounties  allowed  on  the  ex- 
portation of  Corn  especially  Wheat 
&c.,  Lon.  1789,  8vo."Essay  con- 
cerning Tithes,  as  appertaining  to 
the  Clergy  of  the  Church  of  Eng- 
land, Lond.  1791,  8vo."Right.s  of 
Man,  or  Strictures  on  the  Consti- 
tution of  Great  Britain  and  Ire- 
land, Lond.  1792,  12mo.  Biblio- 
theca  Britannica. 

ASSEMBLY  OF  DIVINES :  a 
synod  of  laymen  and  divines  who 
assembled  by  authority  of  parlia- 
ment, in  King  Henry  the  Seventh's 
Chapel,  Westminster.  On  the 
first  day,  July  1st,  1643,  sixty- 
nine  assembled,  among  whom 
were  several  Episcopalians,  who 
afterwards  withdrew.  Lord  Cla- 
rendon says,  "about  twenty  of 
them  were  worthy  and  reverend 
pastors,"  and  some  of  them  cer- 
tainly the  most  learned  men  of 
their  time ;  as  Selden,  Ainsworth, 
Gataker,  Featly,  &c.  They  signed, 
"  The  Solemn  League  and  Coven- 
ant," drew  up  the  Confession  of 
Faith,  the  Longer  and  Shorter  Ca 
techism,  &c. ;  arid  several  of  them 
jointly  published  a  Commentary  on 


the  Bible,  in  2  vols,  folio,"  (from 
which  the  following  quotations  of 
Booth  are  taken)— -Enc.  Eel. 
Knoivl. 

Were  Baptized.  Washed  by  dip- 
ping in  Jordan,  asMark,vii.  4.,  Heb. 
ix.  IQ.-Buried  with  him  by  baptism. 
See  Col.  ii.  12.  In  this  phrase  the 
Apostle  seemeth  to  allude  to  the 
ancient  manner  of  baptism,  which 
was  to  dip  the  parties  baptized, 
and  as  it  were  to  bury  them  under 
the  ivater,  for  a  while,  and  then  to 
draw  them  out  of  it,  and  lift  them 
up,  to  represent  the  burial  of  onr 
old  man,  and  our  resurrection  to 
newness  of  life."  Annotations,  on 
Matt.  iii.  6.,  and  Rom.  vi.  4.,  Booth. 
Paedobaptism. 

"  Not  all  they  who  are  carnally 
born  of  Abraham,  by  the  course  of 
nature,  are  the  children  of  God,  to 
whom  the  promise  of  grace  Avas 
made  ;  but  the  children  oi'  jJt'omise, 
that  is,  those  who  were  born  by 
virtue  of  the  promise,  those  who 
by  God's  special  grace  w"ere  adopt- 
ed (as  Isaac  by  a  special  and  sin- 
gular promise  was  begot  by  Abra- 
ham) thei/  only  are  accounted  for 
that  seed  mentioned  in  the  Cov- 
enant ;  /  ivill  be  tliy  God  and  the 
God  of  thy  seed."  Annotations  on 
Rom.  ix.  8.  Booth.  Paedobaptism 
Examined,  p.  334. 

"  Whom  thou:  who  at  their 
birth  were  mine,  by  virtue  of  my 
covenant,  whereby  the  ndiole  body 
of  the  nation  was  a  wife  to  me, 
and  the  particular  persons  as  chil- 
dren ;  wherefore  thou  shouldst  have 
consecrated  them  to  me."  Note, 
on  the  place  Ezekiel,  xvi.  20. 
21.  Booth.  Paedobaptism  Examin- 
ed, p.  346. 

ASSHETON,  William,  D.  D. 
Rector  of  Middleton,  in  Lancashire, 
was  born   1641,  died    1711.     His 


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17 


first  work  was  published,  Lon.  1663, 
and  his  latest  1710,  Lond.  He  was 
a  most  voluminous  learned  and  able 
writer,  but  as  the  plan  of  this  work, 
embraces  all  books  by  Baptists  on 
all  subjects,  and  in  general  to  notice 
Paedobaptist  authors  only  so  far  as 
identified  with  the  baptismal  ques- 
tion, baptist  history,  and  literature, 
and  to  quote  their  concessions;  for 
a  complete  list  of  Dr.  Assheton's 
works  the  reader  is  referred  to  Bib- 
liotheca  Britannica,  in  ichich  cata- 
logue is :  "  A  Conference  with  an 
Anabaptist ;  being  a  Defence  of 
Infant  Baptism,  part  /.,  1695, 
%vo.,  wrote  against  a  congregation 
of  Anabaptists  who  set  up  in 
the  Doctor's  Parish.  Their  meet- 
ings having  soon  been  broken 
up,  the  Dr.  never  published  a  sec- 
ond part."  The  Dr.  wrote  another 
work  which  might  be  curious  to 
Baptists,  Second  Edition,  entitled, 
"  Two  Cases  of  Scandal  and  Perse- 
cution, being  a  seasonable  Inquiry 
into  these  two  things  :  I.  Whether 
the  Non-Conformists,  who  other- 
wise think  subscription  lawful,  are 
therefore  obliged  to  forbear  it,  be- 
cause the  weak  Brethren  do  judge 
it  unlawful.  11.  Whether  the  Ex- 
ecution of  Penal  Laws  upon  Dis- 
senters, for  Non-Communion  with 
the  Church  of  England,  be  perse- 
cution ?  Wherein  they  are  pathet- 
ically exhorted  to  return  into  the 
bosom  of  the  Church  of  England 
as  the  likeliest  expedient  to  stop 
the  Growth  of  Popery."  Lond.  1674, 
1676.  8vo. 

AMES,  in  Latin  Amesius,  Wil- 
liam, an  eminent  Divine  in  the 
reigns  of  King  James  and  Charles 
I.,  famous  for  his  casuistical  and 
controversial  writings,  was  born 
1575  ;  died  1633.  We  select  from 
the  catalogue  of  Dr.  Ames'  works 


as  given  in  Bibliotheca  Britannica 
only  those  relating  to  Baptism.  "  A 
Reply  to  Bishop  Morton  on  his  Lord- 
ships Defence  of  the  ISurplice,  the 
Cross  in  Baptism,  and  Kneeling  at 
the  Sacrament.  Lond.  1641,  Ato." 
Another  of  his  works :  "  De  Con- 
scientia.  Amst.  1635,  12mo.,"  is 
quoted  by  Booth  below  : 

"There  are  many  of  the  seed 
of  Abraham  to  whom  the  word 
of  promise  does  not  belong ;  as 
Ishmael,  and  the  Ishmaelites : 
but  if  there  are  many  of  Abraham's 
seed  to  whom  the  word  of  promise 
does  not  relate,  the  rejection  of 
many  Jews,  who  are  of  Abraham's 
seed,  does  not  render  the  word  of 
promise  void."  In  Mr.  Tombes's 
Exainin.  p.  50,  Booth,  Paidobap- 
tism  Examined,  p.  334. 

"  Exposed  children,  whose  pa- 
rents are  not  known,  if  they  were 
born  among  Christians,  are  charita- 
bly to  be  accounted  the  children  of 
Christians,  (and  to  be  baptized.) 
if  there  be  no  just  cause  of  assum- 
ing the  contrary,  if  suitable  spon- 
sors be  found  for  them."  De  Consci- 
entia,  L.  IV.  C.  XXVII.  §  5. 
Booth,  Psedobaptism  Examined, 
p.  451. 

In  quoting  concessions  of  Pae- 
dobaptist authors,  it  is  not  neces- 
sary, in  most  instances,  to  add 
strictures,  or  make  applications. 
It  occurs,  also,  sometimes,  that 
such  authors  are  quoted  not  on  ac- 
count of  concessions,  but  simply 
because  the  quotation  states  some 
one  of  the  countless  positions  as- 
sumed by  the  advocates  of  Paedo- 
baptism,  which  it  is  curious  to  con- 
template. 

ALSTEDIUS,  John  Henry,  a 
German  Protestant  Divine,  and  a 
voluminous  writer.  Professor  of 
Philosophy    and  Divinity  at  Her- 


18 


HAYNES'  BAPTIST 


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born,  afterwards  at  Alba  Julia,  in 
Transylvania,  1636.  He  applied 
hiniselr  chiefly  to  reduce  the  seve- 
ral branches  of  the  arts  and  sciences 
into  Systems  which  he  published 
under  the  title — Encyclopedia;  a 
work  much  esteemed  even  by 
Roman  Catholics.  Printed,  Her- 
born,  1610,  4to.  1610,  2  Vols.  4 
folio,  Lyons  1649,  4  Vols,  fol.  He 
endeavours  to  prove,  that  the  Ma- 
terials and  Principles  of  all  the 
Arts  and  Sciences  may  be  found  in 
the  Scriptures.  De  Mille  Annis. 
Loud.  1643,  4to.  wherein  he  asserts 
that  the  Faithful  shall  reign  with 
Christ  one  thousand  years,  after 
which  will  be  the  general  Resur- 
rection, and  the  last  judgment. 
He  also  is  author  of  Templum 
Musicum,  or  the  Musical  Synopsis, 
Translated  from  the  Latin  by  J. 
Birchensha,  London,  1664,  8  vols. 
This  must  be  the  same  writer 
quoted  by  Booth  below  as  author 
of  Lexicon  Theologicum,  which  we 
here  introduce. 

"  Baptizein,  to  baptize,  signifies 
only  to  immerse  ;  not  to  wash,  ex- 
cept by  consequence."  Lexicon 
Theologiriim,  Cap.  XIL  p.  221. 
Booth,  Ptedobaptism  Examined, 
p.  221. 

"  The  rite  of  immersion,  which 
is  intimated  by  the  very  word 
baptism,  certainly  bears  a  greater 
analogy  to  the  thing  signified" 
Lexicon  Theologicum,  Cap.  XIL 
p.  223.  Booth,  Pgedobaptism  Ex- 
amined, p.  126. 

ALLEN,  Richard,  was  an  emi- 
nent minister  among  the  General 
Baptists,  at  the  latter  end  of  the 
seventeenth,  and  beginning  of  the 
eighteenth  centuries  He  was  a 
man  of  good  endowments,  and 
though  he  had  not  the  advantages 
of  a  learned  education,  yet  by  con- 


stant application  and  persevering 
industry,  he  attained  to  a  respecta- 
ble acquaintance  with  the  oriental 
languages,  and  other  parts  of  useful 
learning,  so  as  to  exceed  many 
who  enjoyed  the  benefits  of  Acade- 
mical instruction.  (Crosby's  Eng- 
lish Baptists,  Vol.  iv.  p.  346,) 
"  He  commenced  preaching  in  the 
reign  of  King  Charles  IL  a  time 
when  all  the  Dissenters  from  the 
Church  were  under  the  rod  of  per- 
secution. And  Mr.  Allen  did  not 
escape,  but  shared  in  common  with 
his  brethren,  the  wholesome  disci 
pline  of  fines  and  imprisonment, 
for  the  conviction  of  his  conscience, 
and  reducing  it  to  the  standard  of 
the  loyal  faith.  As  he  was  preach- 
ing his  lecture  on  a  Thursday,  the 
meeting  was  disturbed,  and  he  was 
seized,  together  with  ten  other 
persons  and  committed  to  Newgate. 
Mr.  Allen  was  fined  ten  pounds, 
and  the  rest  some  marks.  After  he 
had  lain  there  about  six  or  seven 
weeks,  his  friends  having  some  in- 
terest with  the  sheriffs,  became 
bound  for  his  good  behavior,  and 
obtained  a  remission  of  his  fine,  he 
was  discharged  ;  the  other  persons 
also  were  liberated  upon  paying 
their  respective  fines.  At  another 
time  he  was  preaching  in  White's 
Alley,  Moorfields,  the  congregation 
being  assembled  at  five  o'clock  in 
the  morning,  the  better  to  conceal 
themselves,  the  soldiers  broke  in 
upon  them,  and  vented  their  abuse 
upon  the  people ;  they  threw  one 
of  the  forms  at  Mr.  Allen  in  the  pul- 
pit, broke  down  the  galleries,  and 
did  forty  or  fifty  pounds  damages 
to  the  meeting  house."  (Crosby's 
English  Baptists,  vol.  iii.,  p.  161.) 
"  It  is  apprehended,  that  Mr.  Allen 
was  called  into  the  ministry  by  the 
General  Baptist  Society  in  AVhite's 


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CYCLOPEDIA. 


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19 


Allej' ;  at  least  it  is  certain  that 
before  the  revolution,  he  sustained 
the  character  of  a  minister  in  that 
church,  an  office  diflerent  from  that 
of  pastor  or  elder,  and  which  is 
still  preserved  in  some  dissenting 
churches  in  the  country.  The  prac- 
tice of  laying  on  of  hands  on  bap- 
tized believers,  formed  an  essential 
article  in  the  constitution  of  this 
society,  and  was  adhered  to  with 
rigid  tenacity,  till  the  choice  of 
Mr.  Ashworth  as  pastor  in  1740, 
when  it  was  left  indifi'erent.  Mr. 
Allen  had  no  great  fondness  for 
this  custom ;  he  did  not  consider  it 
as  a  positive  institution,  and  as 
such  binding  on  the  church  ;  at 
least  he  thought  the  matter  should 
be  left  optional,  and  that  it  ought 
not  to  be  made  an  indispensable 
requisite  to  Christian  communion. 
This  sentiment  clashing  with  the 
received  opinions  of  that  church  to 
which  he  stood  in  the  relation  of 
minister,  a  separation  was  the  ne- 
cessary consequence.  The  matter 
was  deemed  of  so  much  importance 
that  several  other  churches,  who 
retained  the  practice  in  question, 
were  invited  by  their  representa- 
tives to  attend  the  church-meeting 
at  White's  Alley ;  in  order  to  de- 
bate the  matter,  and  to  sanction 
by  their  presence,  whatever  the 
church  should  think  fit  to  adopt ; 
accordingly,  a  church-meeting  was 
held  on  the  ISth  of  June,  1688, 
when  a  resolution  was  passed  sus- 
pending him  from  the  ministry 
among  them."  (Under  the  Art. 
Turner's  Hall  in  this  work,  other 
particulars  will  be  noted.)  "  Mr. 
Allen  being  dismissed  from  this 
situation,  gathered  a  small  society 
which  met  at  Turner's  Hall,  Phil- 
pot-lane,  and  was  most  probably 
composed  of  some  of  his  hearers  at 


White's  Alley.  Beloved  by  his 
little  flock,  he  continued  to  watch 
over  them  with  nuich  pleasure  and 
usefulness  for  about  the  space  of 
seven  years ;  when  in  consequence 
of  the  death  of  .Mr.  Plant,  he  was 
invited  in  1695,  to  become  elder 
of  the  General  Baptist  Church  in 
Paul's-Alley,  Barbican,  which  had 
been  vacant  about  two  years.  Mr. 
Allen  was  unwilling  to  desert  his 
little  congregation  at  Turner's  Hall, 
but  at  the  same  time  not  willing 
to  disappoint  the  wishes  of  the 
Barbican  people,  it  was  unani- 
mously agreed  that  both  churches 
should  unite,  and  assemble  for  the 
future  in  the  Barbican.  The  union 
took  place  accordingly,  on  Wed- 
nesday June  the  12th,  1695,  which 
was  kept  as  a  day  of  solemn  prayer 
to  God  for  his  blessing  upon  the 
united  congregation."  (Wilson 
quotes  penes  me)  '•  The  prac- 
tice of  singing  in  public  worship 
was  at  this  time  introduced  into 
the  church  at  Barbican;  Mr.  Allen 
was  a  warm  advocate  for  this  plea- 
surable part  of  christian  worship, 
and  the  following  year  published 
an  Essay  in  vindication  of  the  prac- 
tice. It  is  not  vxndeserving  obser- 
vation, that  the  custom  of  singing 
in  public  worship,  met  with  much 
opposition  about  a  century  ago," 
(i.e.  100  years  before  1808)  "more 
especially  among  the  Baptists ;  and 
though  the  prejudices  of  former 
days  are  in  a  great  measure  over- 
come, y^t  there  are  some  societies 
of  that  persuasion  in  the  country, 
who  to  the  present  day,  continue 
to  disallow  the  practice.  Mr.  Allen 
continued  to  approve  himself  the 
faithful  and  diligent  pastor  of  this 
church  for  nearly  two  and  twenty 
years.  He  did  not  confine  his  ser- 
vices to  the  pulpit,  but  extended 


20 


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HAYNES'  BAPTIST 


Ae 


his  labours  of  love  to  the  indivi- 
duals of  his  congregation  at  their 
own  private  habitations  ;  visiting 
and  relieving  the  sick,  composing 
differences  amongst  his  own  peo- 
ple, and  admonishing  such  as  ab- 
sented themselves  from  their  usual 
places  at  public  worship  on  the 
Lord's  day.  He  maintained  a  strict, 
yetlaudabie  discipline  in  his  church, 
and  preserved  a  large  congregation 
to  the  time  of  his  death.  As  a 
preacher,  his  discourses  were  reck- 
oned ingenious  and  useful ;  and  in 
the  walks  of  private  life,  he  pre- 
served the  character  of  a  pious 
man.  Although  he  went  under 
the  denomination  of  a  General 
Baptist,  he  conversed  chiefly  with 
the  ministers  of  the  particular  per- 
suasion, and  was  with  his  church, 
admitted  inta  their  association  at 
London,  in  the  year  1704.  He  was 
also  for  some  years,  a  member  of 
the  society  of  Calvinistical  minis- 
ters, that  met  every  week  at  the 
Hanover  Coffee-house,  in  Finch's- 
Lane.  His  sentiments  of  religious 
truth  were  formed  after  a  careful 
and  diligent  investigation  ;  though 
moderate,  they  embraced  the  fun- 
damental principles  of  the  gospel, 
and  his  generous  mind  could  not 
allow  itself  to  be  shackled  to  a 
party.  He  preserved  a  long  and 
endearing  friendship  with  the  ex- 
cellent Mr.  Joseph  Stennett,  an 
eminent  minister  among  the  parti- 
cular Baptists,  who  was  for  some 
time  his  colleague  in  the  ministry 
at  Barbican.  It  was  Mr.  Allen's 
happiness  to  be  continued  in  his 
work  till  within  a  few  months  of 
his  dissolution ;  which  took  place 
Feb.  20th,  1717,  when  he  was 
considerably  advanced  in  years, 
though  his  exact  age  does  not  ap- 
pear.   His  remains  after  being  car- 


ried to  Mr.  MuUiner's  meeting- 
house in  White's  Alley,  was  re- 
moved for  interment  to  the  Dis- 
senters' burial  ground,  Bunhill- 
fields,  being  accompanied  thither 
by  a  great  number  of  ministers  and 
other  spectators.  Mr.  Mulliner 
delivered  a  short  discourse  on  mor- 
tality at  the  grave  ;  and  on  the 
following  Lord's  day  Mr.  Nathaniel 
Hodges  preached  the  funeral  ser- 
mon at  Mr.  Allen's  meeting-house 
in  Barbican."  This  memoir  of  Mr. 
Allen  is  extracted  from  "  The  His- 
tortj  and  Antiquities  of  Dissenting 
Churches  and  Meeting-Houses  in 
London,  Westminster  and  South- 
ivark ;  including  the  lives  of  their 
Ministers,  from  the  rise  of  Noncon- 
formity to  the  jjresent  time,  ^'c, 
in  four  volumes,  bij  Walter  Wil- 
son, of  the  Inner  Temple,  London, 
1808,  vol.  1.,  p.  236,  241.  This 
work  contains  the  history  of  more 
than  sixti/  Baptist  Churches  and 
their  ministers,  all  of  which  will 
appear  remodelled  and  digested  ac- 
cording to  the  general  divisions 
and  alphabetical  arrangement  a- 
dopted  by  the  author  of  the  Bap- 
tist Cyclopaedia,  in  a  form  more 
suited  to  reference  than  in  the  ori- 
ginal, and  isolated  from  other 
churches  and  ministers  more  nu- 
merous in  Wilson,  and  not  Baptist, 
and  constituting  only  a  moiety  of 
the  matter  of  the  Baptist  Cyclo- 
paedia. Mr.  Allen  will  receive 
farther  notice  vinder  the  Articles  of 
the  churches  with  which  he  stood 
connected,  when  they  shall  be 
reached  in  alphabetical  order.  Mr. 
Allen  was  also  author  of 

1.  An  Essay  to  prove  singing  of 
Psalms  with  conjoined  voices  a 
Christian  duty,  and  to  resolve  the 
doubt  concerning  it.  8vo.  1690. 

2.  A  brief  Vindication  of  an  Es- 


Ae 


CYCLOPEDIA. 


Ae 


21 


say  to  prove  singing  of  Psalms,  &c 
8vo.,  1G96. 

3.  A  gainful  Death  the  end  of  a 
truly  Christian  Life ;  a  Sermon  at 
the  Funeral  of  Mr.  John  Griffith. 
8vo.,  1700. 

4.  A  Discourse  of  the  Death  of 
King  William  III.  4to.,  1702. 

5.  A  Sermon  on  the  Union  of 
England  and  Scotland.  8vo.,  1707. 

6.  Biographia  Ecclesiastica ;  or 
the  Lives  of  the  most  eminent  Fa- 
thers of  the  Christian  Church,  who 
flourished  in  the  first  four  centu- 
ries, and  part  of  the  fifth ;  2  vols. 
Svo.     This  is  without  name." 

Hist,  and  Antiquities,  Dissenting 
Churches,  bij  Walter  Wilson,  1808. 
vol.  8,  p.  241. 

ALLEN,  William.  No  less  than 
ten  persons  of  this  name  are  men- 
tioned as  Authors  in  Bibliotheca 
Britannica.  One  of  these  D.D. 
Vicar  of  Bridgewater,  Somerset- 
shire, England,  has  under  his 
name  a  considerable  catalogue 
of  works,  among  which  one  may 
be  noted  as  appropriate  for  this 
article,  viz. :  '  '  J.  Friendhj  Ad- 
dress to  Non-Conformists,  begin- 
ning ivith  the  Anabaptists.  Lond. 
1676,  Svo.  One  other  may  not  be 
omitted :  "  A  Friendly  call  to  Unity 
directed  to  all  Dissenters.  Loud. 
1679,  8vo." 

ALLEN,  Rev.  William.  The 
Art.  in  this  work  Lothbury  Bap- 
tist Church,  may  be  so  far  antici- 
pated as  to  introduce  from  AValter 
Wilson  as  quoted  under  the  head 
of  ALLEN,  Richard,  the  following 
from  vol.  2,  p.  446,  447,  where  he 
says :  "  Crosby  speaks  of  a  people 
that  met  in  Lothbury,  of  whom 
Mr.  Thomas  Lamb,  and  Mr.  Wil- 
liam Allex  were  joint-pastors.  Of 
these  Mr.  Baxter  has  given  the  fol- 
lowing account.    "  There  were  two 


very  sober  men  in  London,  Mr. 
Lamb,  and  Mr.  Allen,  who  were 
pastors  of  an  Anabaptist  Separated 
Church.  The  wife  of  one  of  them, 
an  extraordinary  intelligent  wo- 
man, wrote  me  a  letter,  that  her  hus- 
band was  in  troubled  thoughts  not 
about  Anabaptistry,  but  about' 
separation  upon  that  account;  and 
that  if  I  would  write  to  him 
now  it  would  do  him  good.  Which 
I  did,  and  gave  him  many  argu- 
ments to  prove,  that  thou-a  iie 
should  continue  in  his  opinion 
against  infant  baptism,  yet  he 
ought  not  to  -  make  it  a  reason  for 
denying  communion  with  his  breth- 
ren of  another  mind.  These  argu- 
ments met  with  thoughts  of  his 
own  that  tended  the  same  way, 
and  in  conclusion  he  was  satisfied. 
Afterwards  the  same  woman  per- 
suaded me  to  try  Mr.  Allen  also, 
who  in  conclusion  was  satisfied, 
and  they  dissolved  their  church. 
When  this  was  done,  the  men  be- 
ing of  extraordinary  decisioh  and 
understanding,  were  very  zealous 
for  the  reduction  of  their  brethren 
of  the  Anabaptists'  way ;  and  to 
that  end,  they  had  a  meeting  with 
divines  of  the  mo.st  moderate  pas- 
tors of  the  rebaptized  churches, 
and  they  desired  my  proposals,  or 
terms,  on  which  we  might  hold 
peace  and  communion  with  them." 
(See  Sylvester's  Life  of  Baxter, 
part  ii.  p.  180.)  "  After  the  Res- 
toration those  two  men  conformed 
to  the  Church  of  England,  and  be- 
came very  zealous  against  separ- 
ation." 

This  appears  by  another  quota- 
tion from  Mr.  Baxter.  "Two  old 
friends  that  I  had  a  hand  hereto- 
fore in  turning  from  Anabaptistry 
and  separation,  Mr.  Thomas  Lamb, 
and  Mr.  William  Allen,  that  fol- 


22 


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HAYiNES'  BAPTIST 


Ae 


lowed  Mr.  John  Goodwin,  and  af- 
terwards became  pastor  of  an  An- 
abaptist Church,  fell  on  writing 
against  separation  more  strongly 
than  the  conformable  clergy ;  but 
in  sense  of  their  old  error,  run  now 
into  the  other  extreme,  especially 
Mr.  Lamb,  and  wrote  against  our 
gathering  assemblies  and  preach- 
ing when  we  were  silenced."  S//1- 
vester^s  Life  of  Baxter,  part  Hi.  p. 
180.  See  also  Art.  LAMB,  Thom- 
as. From  the  coincidences,  it  is 
not  improbable  that  this  article  and 
that  preceding  immediately  above 
refer  to  the  same  person. 

ALLEX,  Ika  M.,  late  Corres- 
ponding  Secretary  of  the  American 
Baptist  Tract  Society,  Philadelphia, 
published  in  1833,  The  American 
Baptist  Triennial  Register,  and 
another  in  1836.  These  works  con- 
tained a  vast  amount  of  statistical 
and  miscellaneous  matter  exceed- 
ingly valuable  to  the  denomination. 

ALLEN,  John.  Walter  Wilson 
in  noticing  the  Particular  Baptist 
Church  in  Petticoat-Lane,  South- 
wark,  England,  says  :  "  Mr.  Davis 
had  not  been  dead  long  before  the 
church  turned  their  attention  to 
Mr.  Allen.  On  the  24th  of  Jnly, 
1768,  they  transmitted  a  letter  to 
the  church  at  Bewdley,  requesting 
information  as  to  Mr.  Allen's  char- 
acter ;  and  being  satisfied  with  the 
answer,  he  was  ordained  over  them 
January  8,  1764.  He  had  been 
a  preacher,  however,  some  years 
before  this,  and  appears  to  have 
been  settled  at  Salisbury.  It  was 
during  that  period  that  he  publish- 
ed his  "  Royal  Spiritual  Magazine; 
or.  Christian's  Grand  Treasure,"  in 
3  vols,  octavo,  1752.  Upon  his 
settlement  in  London,  he  took  a 
Shop  in  Shoreditch,  and  commenc- 
ed business  as  a  linen-draper :  But 


in  this  pursuit  he  failed.  After 
this  he  was  taken  up  for  forgery, 
and  tried  at  the  Old  Bailey,  but 
acquitted.  Having  involved  him- 
self in  debt,  he  was  afterwards 
confined  for  some  time  in  King's 
Bench.  May  17,  1767,  he  ceased 
preaching  in  Petticoat-Lane,  and 
the  church  withdrew  from  him  on 
account  of  his  conduct  in  the  world. 
He  then  returned  to  Broadstairs, 
near  New  Castle,  where  he  settled 
with  a  congregation ;  but  his  be- 
haviour was  so  bad,  that  the  peo- 
ple were  obliged  to  dismiss  him. 
After  this  he  went  to  New  York 
in  the  Ainerican  States,  and  preach- 
ed to  a  large  congregation  there 
till  his  death.  He  was  a  man  of 
abilities  but  vastly  imprudent,  and 
it  is  to  be  feared,  deficient  in  prin- 
ciple. His  religious  sentiments 
were  High  Calvinism,  with  which 
he  united  an  attachment  to  some 
of  the  opinions  of  John  Hutchison. 
He  was  a  warm  advocate  for  the 
pre-existent  schame,  in  opposition 
to  most  Trinitarians.  Whilst  in 
London,  notwithstanding  his  en- 
gagements in  trade,  he  found  leisure 
to  compose,  and  to  publish  various 
pieces,  to  which  he  generally  pre- 
fixed titles  of  sufficient  length. 
The  first  of  these  was,  "  A  Chain 
of  Truths:  or,  a  Dissertation  upon 
the  Harmony  of  the  Gospel :  De- 
livered as  a  Compendium  of  Faith, 
before  many  Witnesses  at  the  Bap- 
tist Church  in  Boar's-yard,  Petti- 
coat-Lane, where  there  is  a  Lecture 
upon  Cases  of  Conscience,  every 
Sabbathday  evening  at  six  o'clock. 
By  J.  Allen,  a  strict  Trinitarian, 
Author  of  the  Spiritual  Dialogue 
in  the  Spiritual  Magazine.  Deliv- 
ered at  his  Ordination,  and  publish- 
ed by  Request,  1764."  In  1765, 
he  published  a  piece  on  the  Trini- 


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CYCLOPEDIA. 


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23 


rarian  Controversy,  entitled,  "  The 
Beatitudes  of  Truth  Vindicated." 
In  tlie  same  year  the  Christian  Pil- 
grim ;  or  the  Travels  ot"  the  Chil- 
dren of  Israel  Spiritualized."  Soon 
afterwards  there  appeared  "  A  Com- 
pendious Descant  of  the  Antogeni- 
al  and  Theanthropos  Glories  of 
Christ ;  or,  the  Crown  of  Crowns 
set  upon  the  head  of  King  Jesus  : 
Wherein  is  displayed  his  Glory  as 
Jehovah  by  Nature,  and  his  Media- 
torial Glories  as  the  Messiah  and 
Saviour  of  his  People.  Together 
with  a  Letter  to  an  Arian,  by  John 
Macgowan."  Another  of  his  works 
is  entitled,  '"  The  Door  of  Know- 
ledge opened  in  a  Spiritual  Com- 
panion ;  or,  the  Operation  of  War 
divinely  improved."  In  1770,  he 
published,  "  The  Spirit  of  Liberty: 
or,  Junius's  Loyal  Address,"  &c.  &c. 
a  title  that  on  account  of  its  length 
reminds  us  of  oitr  old  friend  Wm. 
Prynne.  In  this  last  book  of  Al- 
iens there  are  characters  of  many 
Baptist  preachers  in  his  time.  Most, 
if  not  all,  of  these  pieces  have  been 
reprinted  more  than  once,  and  are 
of  high  repute  among  persons  of 
supra-lapsarian  sentiments.  It  had 
almost  escaped  us  to  mention,  that 
Mr.  Allen  wrote  "  Notes  upon  the 
Bible,  in  two  volumes  folio,  which 
have  also  been  reprinted.  Some  of 
his  works  have  been  published  with 
recommendations  by  the  late  Mr. 
Romaine,  a  very  worthy  Clergy- 
man, of  the  Church  of  England, 
but  not  the  most  judicious  writer 
or  recommender  of  works."  Wal- 
ter Wilson's  Hist.  Dissent.  Chur- 
ches, vol.  4,  p.  426,  427,  428.  See 
Watt's  Bibliotheca  Britannica. 

"  ANDERSON,  William.  This 
worthy  man  was  called  into  the 
ministry  of  Dr.  Gill's  church," 
(London)    "  and    being   invited  to 


succeed  Mr.  Morton  at  Glass-house 
Street,  was  ordained  there,  12th 
May,  1743.  At  the  time  of  his 
settlement  the  interest  was  in  a 
very  low  state,  but  by  his  exertions 
he  raised  it  into  a  flourishing  Soci- 
ety. After  a  few  years  a  new 
meeting-house  was  built  for  him 
in  Grafton-street,  to  which  he  con- 
tributed largely  himself,  and  whi- 
ther the  congregation  moved  about 
the  year  1750.  History  ami  Anti- 
c/uities  of  Dissenting  Churches,  by 
Walter  Wilson,  vol.  1,  p.  43.  See 
also  Art.  Keppel-street  in  this  work. 
AXTELL,  Lady.  This  eminently 
pious,  and  distinguished  Baptist 
lady  was,  according  to  Morgan  Ed- 
wards, Wood  Furman,  and  David 
Benedict,  one  of  the  original  con- 
stituent members  of  the  First  Bap- 
tist Church,  in  Charleston,  South 
Carolina,  constituted  in  1683.  She 
must  have  been  exceedingly  ad- 
vanced in  age  when  she  emigrated 
to  the  Province  of  South  Carolina. 
She  was  the  mother  of  Mrs.  Sa- 
muel Blake.  Her  daughter  was 
also  a  Baptist,  and  one  of  the  ori- 
ginal members  of  the  church  in 
1683.  Her  daughter  Elizabeth 
married  about  1685,  Mr.  Jcseph 
Moreton,  who  was  two  or  three 
several  times  Governor  of  the  Pro- 
vince. Her  son  Joseph,  who  was 
a  Presbyterian,  was  also  Governor 
of  the  Province  two  or  three  terms. 
There  is  in  Oldmixon,  a  curious 
letter  written  by  old  Mrs.  Blake, 
during  Governor  Archdale's  ad- 
ministration, who  was  a  Quaker,  to 
the  Lords  Proprietors  in  London, 
which  will  be  given  in  the  Article 
of  this  work,  Blake  Samuel,  which 
see.  As  Lady  Axtell  doubtless  ac- 
companied her  daughter  and  son- 
in-law,  old  Mr.  Samuel  Blake,  Old- 
mixon's  statement   of    the    causes 


24 


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HAYNES'  BAPTIST 


Ae 


which  led  to  his  emigration  will 
here  be  inserted  I'rom  "  Historical 
Collections  of  South  Carolina  by 
B.  R.  Carroll"  ra/.  2,p.  406.  "He 
(Governor  West)  was  removed  in 
the  year  1683,  and  Joseph  Moreton 
Esq.,  appointed  in  his  stead.  'Twas 
abont  this  time,  that  the  Persecu- 
tion raised  by  the  Popish  Faction, 
and  their  Adherents  in  England, 
against  the  Protestant  Dissenters, 
was  at  its  height,  and  no  part  of 
this  kingdom"  (this  is  Carroll's  re- 
port of  Oldmixon)  "  suffered  more 
than  Somersetshire.  The  Author  of 
this  History"  (Oldmixon)  "  lived  at 
this  time  with  Mr.  Blake,  brother 
to  the  famous  General  of  that 
name,"  (Sir  Francis  Blake,  or  Ad- 
miral Blake)  "  being  educated  by 
his  son-in-law,  who  taught  school 
in  Bridgewater ;  and  remembers, 
though  then  very  young,  the  rea- 
sons old  Mr.  Blake  used  to  give  for 
leaving  England :  one  of  which 
was.  That  the  miseries  they  en- 
dur'd,  meaning  the  Dissenters  then, 
were  nothing  to  what  he  foresaw 
would  attend  the  reign  of  a  Popish 
successor ;  wherefore  he  resolved  to 
remove  to  Carolina :  And  he  had 
so  great  an  Interest  among  Persons 
of  his  principles,  I  mean  Dissenters, 
that  many  honest  substantial  per- 
sons engaged  to  go  over  with  him. 
I  must  prevent  all  prejudice  to 
what  I  have  said,  by  declaring  that 
this  book  is  written  by  one  who  is 
not  himself  a  Dissenter,  but  verily 
believes,  the  true  Church  of  Eng- 
land is  the  most  orthodox,  and  the 
most  pure  church  in  the  world." 
See  in  this  work  articles  Blake 
Samuel,  Blake  Old  Mrs.,  Blake 
Joseph,  Moreton  Elizabeth,  and 
Charleston  First  Baptist  Church, 
also  Bridgewater,  Somersetshire, 
Ens- 


ANDREWS,  Rev.  Elisha.  Au- 
thor of — 1.  "  A  Vindication  of  the 
distinguishing  sentiments  of  the 
Baptists  against  the  writings  of 
Messrs.  Cowles,  Miller,  and  Ed- 
wards. By  Rev.  Elisha  Andrews, 
Boston,  1805. 

2.  Brief  Reply  to  BirkerstafF's 
Short  Epistle  to  the  Baptists.  Sut- 
ton, Mass.,  8vo.,  1810. 

3.  Strictures  on  Rev.  C.  Brook's 
Essay  in  favor  of  Christian  Com- 
munion.    Worcester.     12  mo. 

"  Other  works,"  says  Benedict, 
"  on  these  subjects  were  probably 
issued  by  Mr.  Andrews— -none  of 
them  have  I  been  able  to  obtain, 
and  all  I  know  about  them,  is  from 
advertisements  in  other  works  re- 
specting them.  Gen.  Hist.  Bap. 
Denom.  ed.  1848,  p.  212,  213. 

ABEL,  Ephraim.  "Although," 
says  that  good  tninister  of  Jesus 
Christ,  Mr.  Jas.  B.  Taylor,  "he 
whose  Ciiaracter  is  now  to  receive 
attention,  was  one  of  the  most 
useful  men  of  his  day,  his  memory 
had  well  nigh  perished.  While 
other  men  less  humble  and  devot- 
ed have  been  admired,  and  have 
had  their  names  handed  down  to 
the  present  age, '  no  one  seems, 
hitherto,  to  have  taken  pains  to 
record  the  labors  of  Ephraim  Abel. 
His  most  enduring  record  is  on 
high,  and  if  in  the  Lamb's  book  of 
life  his  name  be  found,  it  is  of  com- 
paratively little  moment,  though 
the  generation  in  which  he  moved 
on  earth,  should  ungratefully  neg- 
lect him.  His  native  place  was 
the  county  of  Orange,  where  his 
heart  was  subdued  to  the  obedi- 
ence of  faith,  and  where  he  was 
baptized  by  John  Leland,  not  far 
from  the  year  1788.  Very  soon 
after  his  connexion  with  the  Baptist 
Church,  he  commenced  his    min- 


Ae 


CYCLOPAEDIA. 


Ae 


25 


isterial  course.  After  his  ordi- 
nation he  removed  to  Faquier 
County.  He  was  soon  called 
to  the  pastorate  of  Hartwood 
in  Stafford,  and  it  is  helieved  he 
also  took  charge  of  Brentwood  in 
Prince  William.  Beside  this,  he 
laboured  much  in  Faquier  County. 
The  following  testimony  to  the  ex- 
cellence of  Elder  Abel's  character, 
and  the  success  of  his  toils,  is  borne 
by  one  of  the  most  judicious  breth- 
ren of  the  upper  country,  who,  for 
a  series  of  years,  was  intimatelj^ 
acqainted  with  him.  '  He  was  a 
man  possessing  great  worth  of  mor- 
al character,  exerting  an  extensive 
;ind  happy  influence  upon  the  com- 
munities in  which  he  li^■ed,  cor- 
recting with  great  judgment  and 
tenderness  the  improprieties  of  the 
brotherhood,  and  giving,  by  his 
amiable  and  pious  life,  a  mighty 
sanction  to  the  truths  which  he 
diligently  propagated  for  many 
years.  He  is  most  affectionately  re- 
membered by  a  few  surviving  breth- 
ren. He  died  universally  lament- 
ed about  1809.  A\'hen  Fristoe's 
Ketockton  History  ajjpeared  a  few 
years  after,  it  was  a  matter  of  pro- 
found astonishment  that  elder  A- 
bel's  name  was  not  noticed  accord- 
ing to  his  claims  upon  the  historian. 
That  historian  with  all  his  native 
greatness,  and  gracious  goodness, 
was  accustomed  to  rate  men  low, 
who  did  not  spend  a  large  portion 
of  their  time,  in  degrading  (ideal) 
Arminianism.  This,  the  subject 
of  these  remarks,  thought  was  best 
done  by  preaching  Christ  and  him 
crucified.  The  spirit  of  the  age  in 
which  he  lived,  led  almost  all  men 
into  bitter  controversy  in  the  pul- 
pit. Such  was  the  meekness  of 
his  spirit,  aud  the  philanthropy  of 
his  heart,  that  he  preferred  avoid- 


ing the  theatre  where  he  was  like- 
ly, by  circumstances,  to  have  his 
soul  brought  under  a  sectarian  iii- 
Huence  of  a  controversial  charac- 
ter ;  hence,  he  seldom  visited  asso- 
ciations. His  views  of  truth  were 
of  that  kind,  which  tend  eminent- 
ly to  degrade  hunian  nature,  and 
exalt  the  riches  of  divine  grace. 
There  was  a  lovely  proportion  in 
his  chai-acter  which  commended 
itself  to  those  who  knew  him  best, 
as  the  result  of  a  snpernatural  in- 
fluence. Many  were  brought  in 
under  his  ministry,  and  instances 
are  still  occurring  which  attest  the 
ffujt,  that  the  Lord  used  him  as  an 
instiaiment  of  sowing  seed  to  spring 
up  long  after  he  had  entered  upon 
the  joys  of  abetter  state.  He  left 
several  children ;  most  of  them  are 
professors  of  religion.  The  field  of 
his  labour  was  extensive,  he  being 
for  many  years  the  only  minister 
of  our  denomination  for  a  large  dis- 
trict of  country.  He  was  removed 
from  earth  by  a  lingering  disease. 
His  soul  was  calm,  his  faith  unwav- 
ering, till  he  gently  fell  asleep  in 
the  arms  of  Jesus.  It  was  said  by 
those  who  knew,  that  it  was  truly 
delightful  to  be  with  him  during 
illness.  He  expressed  anxiety  about 
the  condition  of  his  churches,  and 
desired  the  brethren  to  meet  togeth- 
er and  keep  up  the  worship  of  God. 
This  was  done  as  he  desired  until 
a  successor  was  obtained.'  From 
this  extract  the  reader  may  justly 
infer  that  Elder  Abel  was,  as  a  man 
and  minister,  well  qualified  to  ex- 
ert a  salutary  influence  among  the 
circles  in  which  he  moved.  May 
not  the  fervent  prayer  be  offered  up 
to  the  Lord  of  the  harvest,  that  he 
would  multiply  many  such  labor- 
ers." Taylois  Lives  of  Virginia 
Bap.Min.,  2d  £'f/.1838,  p.  244-246. 


26 


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HAYNES'  BAPTIST 


Ae 


ALDERSON,  John,  Sen.--"  No 
man  of  his  day  was  more  distin- 
guished amongthe  Baptists  than  he 
whose  name  precedes  this  sketch. 
He  was  one  of  the  earliest  evan- 
gelical preachers  of  Western  Vir- 
ginia. To  him  are  many  of  the 
churches  indebted  under  God  for 
their  existence  and  growth.  He 
was  born  in  Yorkshire,  England, 
and  came  to  this  coutry  when  quite 
young.  The  circumstances  under 
which  he  left  his  native  land  were 
peculiar.  His  father,  a  minister 
of  useful  talents,  and  respectable 
character,  opposed  with  consider- 
able violence,  a  matrimonial  con- 
nexion he  was  about  to  form.  To 
direct  the  attention  of  his  son  from 
this  alliance,  he  prevailed  on  him 
to  travel,  and  furnished  him  with  a 
horse  and  requisite  funds.  In  a 
short  time  these  means  were  ex- 
hausted, and  the  prodigal  was  at 
length  bound  on  board  a  vessel, 
which  brought  him,  without  the 
consent  or  knowledge  of  his  par- 
ents, to  America.  On  arriving  in 
this  country,  he  was  hired  by  the 
captain  for  his  passage  money  to  a 
respectable  farmer  of  New  Jersey, 
by  the  name  of  Curtis.  He  after- 
wards married  his  daughter,  and 
was  highly  respected  by  all  with 
whom  he  became  acquainted.  A 
short  period  subsequent  to  his  mar- 
riage, the  subduing  grace  of  God 
arrested  him.  He  become  a  joyful 
believer  in  Christ  Jesus  and  was 
baptized  in  his  name.  With  his 
characteristic  energy,  he  at  once 
began  to  recommend  the  Saviour 
to  others.  Having  removed  to  Ger- 
mantown,  Pennsylvania,  he  contin- 
ued in  that  vicinity  to  preach  the 
gospel  until  the  year  1755,  when 
he  removed  to  the  county  of  Rock- 
ingham, Virginia.    Upon  his  settle- 


ment in  this  state,  he  applied  him- 
self to  the  work  of  the  ministry, 
and  within  twelve  months  a  Bap- 
tist Church  was  constituted,  called 
Smith's  andLynville-creek  Church, 
in  the  county  of  Rockingham.  In 
the  year  1781,  about  nine  years 
after  his  removal,  he  was  called  to 
the  rest  of  heaven."  Taylor'' s  Vir- 
ginia Baptist  Ministers,  p.  21. 

ALDERSON,  John,  Jr.  The 
son  of  the  person  noticed  in  the 
preceding  article,  was  born  5tli 
March,  1738,  O.  S.  in  New  Jersey. 
When  Western  Virginia  was  al- 
most a  wilderness,  when  the  sub- 
ject of  this  article  was  about  the 
age  of  seventeen,  his  father  settled 
as  pastor  of  Lynville  Baptist  Church 
in  Rockingham  County,  Virginia. 
In  a  journey  soon  after  in  company 
with  others,  the  discovery  of  the 
Burning-Spring,  near  Charleston. 
Va.,  excited  the  travellerson  an  ex- 
ploring expedition.  He  married  Miss 
Mary  Carrol,  when  about  twenty- 
one.  His  bereavement  of  an  only 
daughter  after  the  middle  period 
of  his  life,  abstracted  his  mind  from 
undue  attachment  to  the  world,  and 
concentrated  it  upon  Christ  and  his 
Cross.  "  My  father  being  much 
from  home,"  he  says,  "  and  I  being 
his  oldest  son,  much  dependence 
was  placed  on  me,  to  take  care  of 
the  I'arm ;  so  that  I  had  very  little 
opportunity  to  learn.  The  chief 
books  I  read  were  the  Bible  and 
the  Baptist  Catechism  ;  which  last 
I  memorized ;  and  not  only  said  it 
over  at  school,  but  also  in  the  pub- 
lic congregation,  on  Sundays,  after 
sermon.  By  these  means  I  was 
kept  from  all  gross  immoralities. 
By  an  expression  dropped  from  my 
father,  after  I  had  recovered  from 
a  very  severe  sickness,  my  mind 
iwas    solemnly   impressed.      After 


CYCLOPiEDIA. 


Ae 


27 


passing  through  a  painful  and  te- 
dious law-work,  in  which  I  would 
make  resolutions  and  then  break 
them,  I  became  more  deeply  con- 
cerned. I  sought  the  Lord  with  my 
whole  heart,  and.  ultimately,  obtain- 
ed comlbrt,  great  comfort  by  reflec- 
tion on  these  words :— -"  Ye  are  built 
upon  the  foundation  of  the  apostles 
and  prophets,  Jesus  Christ  himself 
being  the  chief  corner  stone."'  He 
was  baptized  by  his  father  who 
was  deeply  solicitous  for  his  call  to 
the  ministry.  Respecting  his  vo- 
cation his  own  words  are  :  "  After 
many  doubts  as  to  my  conversion, 
I  began  at  last  to  be  exercised  about 
preaching.  At  first,  I  thought  it 
impossible  that  so  weak  a  creature 
as  I,  could  be  called  to  preach ; 
but  being  persuaded  at  last,  by 
many  divine  tokens,  that  it  was 
the  will  of  God,  I  entered  upon  the 
solemn  work."  He  succeeded  his 
father  as  pastor  of  Lynville  Church, 
where  he  was  ordained  in  October, 
1755,  upon  his  father's  removal  to 
Bottetourt  County.  In  1777  he 
removed  to  Greenbrier  County,  now 
Monroe,  and  settled  on  Greenbrier 
River.  On  the  24th  Nov.  1781,  he 
formed  the  Greenbrier  Church  with 
tw^elve  meinbers,  which  was  the 
first  Baptist  Church  constituted  in 
Western  Virginia.  This  church, 
which  experienced  revivals  in  1785, 
and  in  1791,  spread  itself  over  the 
whole  tract  of  country  now  em- 
braced in  Greenbrier  Association. 
At  the  last  named  date  it  consisted 
of  only  36  members,  24  of  Avhom 
only  had  been  baptized  after  its 
constitution.  Mr.  Alderson  not 
untrequently  had  of  necessity  to 
be  attended  by  a  guard  of  armed 
soldiery  to  protect  him  and  his  con- 
gregation I'rom  the  attacks  of  the 
Indians.     About  18  miles  from  him 


was  eventually  constituted  Indian 
Creek  Church,  to  which  he  preach- 
ed, and  also  Big  Levels  shared  in 
his  occasional  visitations.  He  was 
bereft  oi'  his  consort,  a  pious  mem- 
ber of  Greenbrier  Church,  in  1805. 
He  was  always  punctual  in  his 
attendance  upon  his  appointments, 
and  at  the  association,  after  its  for- 
mation, of  whicli  he  was  annually 
chosen  moderator.  His  last  appear- 
ance at  any  public  meeting  was  at 
Greenbrier  Church,  when  the  as- 
sociation met  there.  A  brother  of 
the  Methodist  Church  in  relating 
his  experience,  on  offering  himself 
as  a  candidate  for  baptism,  in  the 
church  of  which  Mr.  Alderson  was 
pastor,  referred  pathetically  to  him 
as  the  means  of  his  conversion, 
upon  which  Mr.  Alderson  in  ecsta- 
cy  poured  forth  his  joy  in  a  most 
hortatory  appeal  to  the  congrega- 
tion. He  died  5th  of  March,  1821. 
Of  the  Baptist  Ministers  of  West- 
ern Virginia,  he  was  the  chief. 
Universally  esteemed  and  beloved, 
he  was  a  man  eminenth"  endowed 
by  nature,  abundant  in  labors  and 
extensively  useiiil.  For  a  more 
full  sketch :  see  Taylor's  Virginia 
Baptist  Ministers,  p.  150. 

ALDERSON,  James  O.  A  Bap- 
tist minister  of  Western  Virginia ; 
born  October  1800,  in  Kenhaw^a 
county;  died  of  consumption  13th 
April,  1832.  After  the  death  of 
his  father,  George  Alderson,  son  of 
Rev.  John  Alderson,  which  hap- 
pened when  he  was  about  lour 
years  old,  his  mother,  Sarah  Aider- 
son,  removed  to  Monroe  County  in 
the  vicinity  of  Greenbrier,  where, 
after  marrying  at  the  age  of  25, 
when  27,  he  was  baptized,  and 
after  preaching  a  year,  was  ordain- 
ed September  1830,  and  labored  in 
1831  as  Missionary  in  Greenbrier 


28 


Ak 


HAYNES'  BAPTIST 


Ae 


Association,  under  the  control  of 
the  Va.  Genl.  Com.  haptizing 
during  the  year  180  ;  amid  expo- 
sures and  fatigues  which  may  have 
contributed  to  his  last  illness. 
His  death,  after  some  clouds 
had  first  overhung  his  future  pros- 
pects, was  in  the  fulness  of  faith. 
He  left  a  family  consisting  of  his 
wife  and  three  children.  The  seals 
to  his  ministry  will  be  jewels  in 
his  crown  at  the  resurrection  of  the 
just  and  faithful.  See  Taylors 
Va.  Bap.  Mills,  p.  490. 

ANGLESEA,  Island,  Wales. 
For  some  historical  notice  of  the 
Baptist  interest  here,  see  Art.  with 
same  title  in  the  Historical  Gazet- 
teer, of  Baptist  Cyclopsedia. 
ABERGAVENNY  College,  Eiig- 
land,  Baptist.  See  title  in  Histo- 
rical Gazetteer  in  this  work.  Such 
articles  will  not  hereafter  be  noted 
in  this  part  of  the  Baptist  Cyclo- 
paedia. 

ALDEN,  Rev.  Noah.  All  that 
we  can  with  facility  gather  con- 
cerning this  great  and  good  man, 
at  present,  is  from  Backus  and  Be- 
nedict. He  was  a  member  of  the 
Convention  which  formed  the  State 
Constitution  of  Massachusetts,  and 
also  of  the  Congress  which  adopted 
the  Constitution  of  the  United 
States.  Under  the  head  of  Bel- 
lingham  Church,  in  Worcester 
Association,  Massachusetts,  Bene- 
dict, in  his  Gen.  Hist.  Bap.  De- 
nom.,  &c.  ed.  1848,  pp.  416,  417, 
gives  the  following  account  of  him 
quoted  from  Rev.  Mr.  Fisher's  Dis- 
course. "  Rev.  Noah  Alden,  from 
Stafford,  was  his,"  (Elnathan 
Wight's)  "  successor,"  (at  Belling- 
ham)  "and  was  installed  in  1766. 
This  elder's  name  frequently  occurs 
in  Baptist  affairs  about  this  time. 
His    ministry    was    about    thirty 


years ;  a  sure  indication  that  it 
was  acceptable  to  the  people. 
While  the  strong  arm  of  ecclesias- 
tical domination,  was  extended 
over  the  whole  country,  Mr.  Alden 
was  the  firm  and  steady  coadjutor 
of  Mr.  Backus,  in  the  small  com- 
pany in  and  about  Boston,  who  put 
forth  all  their  efforts  in  the  Baptist 
cause.  When  the  constitution  of 
this  commonwealth  was  formed," 
(Massachusetts)  "  he  was  the  dele- 
gate from  this  town,  (Bellingham) 
"  to  the  Convention  called  for  that 
purpose.  In  this  transaction  he 
occupied  a  conspicuous  place.  He 
was  the  most  able  and  active  friend 
of  religious  liberty  in  that  body. 
To  secure  that  object,  he  exerted 
himself  to  the  utmost  of  his  abili- 
ties. He  had  powerful  opponents, 
who  used  their  influence  and  mucli 
intrigue  to  prevent  what  he  so 
much  desired,  and  what  was  right- 
eous in  itself.  Although  he  gained 
not  all  he  desired,  he  nevertheless 
gained  much.  The  article  on  this 
subject  was  by  no  means  so  objec- 
tionable as  it  might  have  been,  had 
his  most  violent  opponents  suc- 
ceeded in  gaining  what  they  de- 
sired. In  relation  to  this  subject 
the  friends  of  religious  liberty  owe 
mvich  to  Mr.  Alden.  He  was  also  a 
member  of  the  Convention  to  wliich 
was  subnutted  the  Constitution  of 
the  United  States,"  (Century  Ser- 
mon, pp.  9,  14,  22.)  For  many 
years  Bellingham  was  the  favorite 
resort  of  the  few  Baptist  ministers 
in  the  country.  Here  the  Warren 
Association  often  held  its  annual 
meetings  for  counsel  and  advice,  in 
all  matters  of  trial  and  difficulty. 
For  some  time  after  the  death  of 
Mr.  Allen,  this  ancient  body  was 
in  circumstances  of  difficulty  and 
division,  mostly  respecting  a  sue- 


Ai 


CYCLOPAEDIA. 


Ai 


29 


cessor,  and  for  a  few  years  it  ceased 
to  operate  in  a  church  capacity. 
Dr.  Kendrick,  now  President  of  IVIa- 
dison  University,  the  Baptist  insti- 
tution of  New  York,  was  Mr.  Al- 
den's  successor  for  two  years."  See 
Art.  BeUingltam,  in  our  Gazetteer 
in  tliis  work. 

ANTIP.EDOBAPTTSM.  For 
Authors  under  this  head,  see  in  this 
work  Articles,  Tombes,  Johx  B.  D., 
DoRE,  Eev.  James,  Edwards  Peter, 
KiXGHORN  Joseph,  and  Arts.  Bap- 
tism, Baptist,  Ptsdobaptist,  Cum 
multis  aliis. 

ANTIP.EDOBAPTISTS.  See 
Arts.  Tombes,  Jo/«»,B.D.,  E/tri)is- 
ham,  Williams,  Priestli/.Eev.  Josinh 
L.  L.  D.,  et  aliter,  in  this  work. 

ALTING,  Henry.  An  eminent 
German  Divine,  born  at  Embden, 
1583,  died  1644.  He  wrote  Notae 
in  decadem  problematuni  Johannis 
Behm  de  glorioso  Dei  et  Beatorum 
Coelo.  Heidelberg,  1618.  Loci 
Communes.  Amst.  1644,  4to.  His- 
toria  Ecclesia  Palatina.  Amst. 
1644,  4to.  Franc.  M.  1702,  4to. 
Scriptorum  Theologicoruin  Heidel- 
bergensium.  Friestadii,  1646,  2 
vols.  4to.  Amst.  1646,  4to.  Bib- 
LioTHECA  Britaknica.  Booth,  in 
his  Paedobaptism  Examined, 
quotes  as  follows : 

"The  word  baptism,  properly 
signifies  immersion ;  improperly, 
by  a  metonomy  of  the  end, 
ivashing."  Loci  Commun.  Pars, 
i.  Loc.  xii.  p.  198.  Booth  P.  E. 
p.  19.  London  edition.    1784. 

"  As,  in  ancient  times,  the  per- 
sons .to  be  baptized  were  immersed 
into  water,  continued  under  water, 
and  emerged  out  of  the  water, 
Matt.  iii.  16;  Acts  viii.  38;  so 
the  old  man  in  them  died  and  was 
buried,  and  the  new  man  rose 
again,  Rom.  vi.  4  ;  Col.  ii.  12.  As, 


now  the  persons  to  be  baptized  are 
sprin/iled  with  water,  so  they  are 
sprinkled  with  the  blood  and  spirit 
of  Christ,  to  the  washing  away  of 
sin.  Acts  xxii.  16  ;  Ephes.  v.  25. 
26  ;  Heb.  ix.  14."  Loci  Commun. 
Pars.  i.  Loc.  xii.  p.  200.  Explicat. 
Catechis.  Palat.  Pars.  ii.  Quaest. 
Ixix.  p.  311,  312.  Booth.  Paedo- 
baptism Examined,  p.  57. 

"  This  baptismal  washing  in 
warm  countries  and  ancient  ti?nes, 
was  performed  by  immersion  into 
water,  a  continuance  vnder  water, 
and  an  emersion  out  of  water ;  as 
the  practice  of  John  the  Baptist, 
Matt.  iii.  6,  16;  John  iii.  23  ;  of 
Christ's  Apostles,  John  iii.  22  ;  and 
iv.  1,  2 ;  and  of  Philip,  Acts  viii. 
38 ;  and  also  the  signification  of 
these  rites  teach,  Rom.  vi.  4.  Loci 
Commun.  Pars  i.  Loc.  xii.  p.  199. 
Booth.  Paedobaptism  Examined 
p.  88. 

"  After  briefly  stating  the  argu- 
ments for  immersion,  and  for 
sprinkling,  he  adds :"  "  We  con- 
fess, first,  that  immersion  was  the 
jrrior  rite ;  because  it  was  first  used 
by  John  the  Baptist  and  the  Apos- 
tles. Secondly,  it  is  also  more  ex- 
pressive on  account  of  the  distinct 
acts,  Rom.  vi."  Theolog.  Problem. 
Nov.  Loc.  xiv.  Prob.  xi.  p.  637. 
Booth.  Paedobaptism  Examined, 
p.  128. 

"  The  baptismal  washing,  in 
warm  countries  and  ancient  times, 
was  performed  by  immersion ;  but 
now,  especially  in  cold  countries, 
it  is  performed  by  only  sprinkling. 
— The  cause  of  the  alteration  is, 
that  immersion,  which  Avas  used 
in  the  warm  Eastern  and  Southern 
countries,  is  less  convenient  in  the 
cold  Western  and  Northern  clim- 
ates :  where  there  is  danger  of 
health  from  immersion,  especially 


30 


Ai 


HAYNES'  BAPTIST 


Ai 


of  infants.  And  therefore  that 
rule  is  here  in  force  ;  /  ivill  have 
mercy  and  not  sacrijice."  Loci 
Commun.  Pars.  i.  Loc.  xii.  p.  198, 
199.  Theolog.  Problein.  Nov.  Loc. 
xiv.  Prob.  xi.  p.  657.  Booth.  Pse- 
dobaptism  Examined,  p.  135. 

"  The  Baptism  of  Infants  is  a 
reasonable  service,  founded  upon 
Scripture  and  undoubted  Apostoli- 
cal tradition.  "Henry  Altinc, 
denied  the  very  existence  of  such  a 
tradition  further  than  it  is  contain- 
ed in  Scripture."  Loci  Commun. 
Pars.  ii.  p.  287.  Booth.  Pgedobap- 
tism  Examined,  p.  417. 

"AMPSINGIUS,  or  Ampsing, 
John  Assuerus,  a  native  of  the  pro- 
vince of  Over  Yssel ;  died  at  Ros- 
tock, 1642,  aged  83.— -Wrote,  Dis- 
sertatio  Tatromathematica.  Ros- 
tock, 1602,  1618,  4to.,  1629,  8vo. 
In  this  he  prefers  Medicine  and 
Astronomy  to  all  other  Sciences, 
and  contends  for  the  necessity  of 
their  union  in  the  Healing  Art.— - 
De  Morborum  differentis  1619. 
Rost.  1623,  8vo.  In  this  work  his 
practice  appears  more  rational  than 
his  theory.— -Oratio  de  Thebiaca 
Senioris  Andromachi.  Rost.  1611, 
1618,  4to. — Theses  de  Alopecia  et 
Ophiasa.  Rost.  1616."— But  the 
work  which  chiefly  deserves  notice 
in  this  place  is  entitled: — "Disputa- 
TioNES  Tres  Contra  Anabaptistas. 
LuDG.     Bat.      1619,     8vo."       See 

BiBLIOTHECA      BrITANNICA. 

"  AINSWORTH,  Henry,  an  em- 
inent Non-conformist  Divine  of  the 
sect  called  Brownists,  flourished  in 
the  end  of  the  16th  and  beginning 
of  the  17th  centuries;  died  1622. 
— Author  of  the  following  works — 
A  Confession  of  Faith  of  the  people 
called  Brownists,  1602,  in  conjunc- 
tion with  Johnson. — Refutation  of 
H.  N.  his  Epistle  to  the  Daughters 


of  Warwick,  Amst.  1608,  4to.— A 
Counter  Poison  against  Bernard 
and  Crashaw.  Loud.  1608,  4to.- 
1612.-— Annotations  upon  the 
Psalms.  Lond.  1612,  Ato.-Treatise 
of  the  Communion  of  Saints.  Lond.  ■ 
1615,  8vo.  3s.  6d.  Edin.  1789,  12mo. 
-—The  Trying  out  of  the  truth  be- 
tween John  Ainsworth,  and  Henry 
Ainsv/orth  the  one  pleading  for,  the 
other  against  Popery,  1615,  4to.— - 
Annotations  on  the  Book  of  Deu- 
teronomy. Lond.  1619,  4to.  3s. — 
A  Reply  to  the  Pretended  Chris- 
tian Plea  for  the  Antichristian 
Church  of  Rome,  1620.  Annota- 
tions upon  the  Pentateuch.  Lond. 
1621,  2  vols.  4to.,  1627,  folio. 
-—Certain  Notes  of  his  Last  Ser- 
mon on  1st  Peter,  ii.  4,  5.     Lond. 

1639,  fol.  Dr.  Doddridge  says  that 
this  is  a  good  book,  lull  of  very 
valuable  Jewish  Learning.— -An 
Arrow    against    Idolatry.      Lond. 

1640,  8vo.— -Translation  of  the 
Psalms  into  Verse  and  Prose,  with 
Annotations.  Lond.  1644,  8vo. — 
An  Answer  upon  a  Dialogue  of 
THE  Anabaptists,  called  a  Descrip- 
tion of  what  God  hath  predestined 
concerning  man.  Lond.  1644.  Svo. 
— Annotations  on  the  Song  of  So- 
lomon. 1628.  4to.  Included  in  his 
Ann.  on  the  Pentateuch.  Two 
Treatises,  the  First,  of  the  Com- 
munion of  Saints,  the  Second, 
entitled  an  Arrow  against  Idolatry, 
&c.,  with  some  account  of  the  Life 
and  Writings  of  the  Author.  Edin. 
1792.  Svo.  BiBLIOTHECA  Britan- 
NiCA.  We  find  another  work  as- 
cribed to  him  by  Brown  in  The 
Encyclopedia  of  Religious  Know- 
LEDGE.  "  Treatise  on  the  Fellow- 
ship that  the  faithful  have  with 
God,  his  angels,  and  with  one 
another  in  this  life."  A  most 
beautiful   edition    of  his   Annota- 


Ai 


CYCLOPEDIA. 


Ai 


31 


tions  in  vol.  8vo.  published  Glas- 
gow, Edinburg,  London,  1843,  with 
a  life  of  the  Author  prefixed,  is  be- 
fore us.  It  would  be  interesting, 
were  it  consonant  with  the  design 
of  this  work,  to  enlarge  upon  the 
character  of  one  so  eminently  iden- 
tified with  the  origin  of  the  Puri- 
tans, and  Independents,  and  Con- 
gregationalists.  Some  lurther  no- 
tice of  him  will  be  taken  in  Art. 
SMYTH,  JoHX,  and  in  our  Gazet- 
teer under  Art.  Levden,  &:c.  How- 
ever long,  the  following  quotation 
from  him  by  Booth  will  be  added. 

"  That  celebrated  author,  when 
exploding  the  Popish  idolatry,  de- 
tecting the  artifices  of  its  deluded 
votaries,  and  maintaining  the  prero- 
gative of  God  in  opposition  to  their 
sophistry ;  represents  the  apostate 
son  of  Nebat  as  thus  addressing  the 
ten  tribes,  in  order  to  quiet  their 
minds,  and  conciliate  their  esteem, 
while  he  gave  his  royal  sanction  to 
outrageous  violations  of  Jehovah's 
positive  laws.  "  I  see  my  course, 
O  men  of  Israel,  to  be  much  sus- 
pected, if  not  wholly  misliked,  of 
many  ;  some  thinking  my  cere- 
monies to  savor  too  rankly  of 
heathen  superstitions ;  some  charg- 
ing me  plainly  with  flat  apostacy 
and  forsaking  of  God.  But,  the  al- 
teration that  I  have  made,  is  in  mat- 
ters of  circumstance,  things  merely 
ceremonial,  whereof  there  is  no 
express,  certain,  or  permanent  law 
given  us  of  God ;  and  which  are 
variable,  as  time,  place,  and  person, 
give  occasion,  and  such  as  good 
Kings  haA'e  changed  before,  and 
have  been  blameless. 

"  And,  first,  for  the  jylace  where 
God  is  to  be  worshipped,  which 
many  now  would  have  at  Jerusa- 
lem only,  I  find  the  practice  of  our 
patriarch  Abraham,   and  the    Fa- 


thers following,  to  be  far  otherwise. 
They  sacrificed  to  God,  as  occasion 
was  offered,  in  every  place  they 
came  ;  so  this  superstition  of  tying 
God  to  one  place,  was  not  hatched 
in  their  days.  After  this,  when  our 
Fathers  came  out  of  Egypt,  they 
offered  sacrifices  in  the  wilderness  ; 
and,  being  come  into  this  land,  in 
how  sundry  places  of  it  have  they 
served  God  ?  And  shall  we  now 
grow  so  superstitious,  as  to  bind 
God  to  any  one  place  ?  Nay,  this 
is  all  the  Lord's  land,  and  his  eyes 
are  in  every  part  of  the  same  ;  and 
it  is  not  so  material  where  we  do 
worship,  as  ivhom  we  do  worship, 
and  with  what  ajfection  ;  for  our 
God  is  near,  in  all  times  and  places, 
to  all  that  '  call  upon  him  in  truth.' 
"  But,  it  will  be  said,  that  Jeru- 
salem is  the  place  which  God  hath 
chosen ;  promising  unto  Solomon, 
to  put  his  name  in  the  temple  there 
forever,  and  that  his  eyes  and  his 
heart  should  be  there  perpetually. 
I  answer  ;  the  promise  and  cove- 
nant was  conditional,  if  God's 
statutes  and  judgments  were  ob- 
served :  for  if  they  should  turn 
away,  and  serve  other  gods,  God 
said  he  would  cast  out  of  his 
sight,  that  house  which  he  had 
hallowed  for  his  name.  And  see 
we  not,  how  Solomon  forfeited 
his  bond  ?  His  wives  turned  his 
heart  after  other  gods  ;  for  which 
his  wickedness  God  was  angry, 
and  hath  rent  his  kingdom  from 
his  Son,  and  gave  it  to  me.  And 
now,  that  this  Bethel,  where  I 
build  a  house  to  our  God,  is  the 
place  which  he  hath  chosen  to 
dwell  therein,  we  may  boldly  say, 
They  boast  in  Jerusalem,  how  their 
temple  standethupon  Mt.  Morijah, 
where  Abraham  our  father  oflered 
his  son  Isaac  (a  type  of'  the  Mes- 


32 


Ai 


HAYNES'  BAPTIST 


At 


siah.)  Here  God  appeared  to  our 
father  Jacob,  promising  him  the 
land  and  heirs  to  possess  it :  he 
then  acknowledged  how  the  Lord 
was  in  this  reverend  place  ;  that 
it  was  no  other  but  the  house  of 
God,  and  the  very  gate  of  Heaven  ; 
and  thereupon  gave  it  a  new  name, 
Bethel,  God's  house.  To  go  to 
Jerusalem  it  may  prove  perilous : 
Sure,  it  is  overmuch  for  the  people 
that  dwell  afar  off,  and  seemeth  to 
me  altogether  unreasonable.  For 
may  and  ought  not  every  prince 
and  people,  to  serve  God  in  their 
oivti  country  ?  Was  there  any  be- 
fore me  that  might  not  do  it ;  and 
am  I  in  more  bondage  than  all  ? 
Besides,  who  knoweth  not  the 
grudge  that  Rehoboam  hath  against 
us  ?  He  counteth  me  and  my  peo- 
ple 1-ebe/s ;  and  if  he  can  get  me 
within  his  dominion,  he  will  surely 
cut  off  my  head,  and  the  heads  of 
many  more.  And  doth  God,  who 
desireth  mercy  rather  than  sacri- 
fice, require  of  men  thus  to  run 
upon  the  sword's  point,  and  endan- 
ger their  lives  without  cause,  and 
only  for  a  circumstance  of  place  ! 
I  am  not  so  weak  of  judgment  as 
to  think  it,  neither  will  I  be  so 
unwise,  as  to  hearken  to  those  Le- 
vites  who  kindle  a  fire  of  conten- 
tion among  my  subjects,  and  teach 
that  we  must  all  go  up  to  Jeru- 
salem, or  else  we  may  offer  no 
sacrifice  to  God.  Believe  them 
that  list :  I  have  otherwise  learned 
the  truth  of  the  law  ;  and  trust  we 
shall  so  serve  the  Lord  at  home  as 
will  please  him  well  enough."  "  For 
the  worship  that  we  here  perform 
unto  God,  is  for  substance,  the 
same  that  himself  commanded  by 
Moses.  We  serve  the  same  God 
that  brought  us  up  out  of  the  land 
of  Egypt ;  and  this  is  the  first  and 


great  commandment,  on  which  all 
other  do  depend.  We  hold  the  same 
article  of  our  Messiah  to  come.  If 
here  it  be  said,  we  do  against  God, 
in  making  these  golden  figures, 
because  he  forbiddeth  graven  ima- 
ges to  be  made ;  the  answer  is 
easy.  God's  meaning  is,  not  to 
forbid  all  images  simply;  but  only 
idols,  that  have  divine  worship 
done  unto  them— yet  some  think, 
that  I  gave  the  honor  to  them, 
that  is  due  to  the  eternal  and 
blessed  God  himself  But  were  I 
so  minded,  I  should  be  indeed 
more  brutish  than  a  calf  myself 
These  priests  of  Levi  are  much  to 
be  pitied,  that  urge  so  the  letter  of 
the  law,  which  I  think  they  un- 
derstand not.  They  say  it  is  writ- 
ten, Ye  shall  put  nothing  to  the 
word  that  I  command  you  nor  take 
ought  therefrom  :  but  they  mind 
not  how  this  intendeth  matters  of 
faith,  and  doctrines  fundamental, 
which  I  willingly  grant  may  in  no 
wise  be  corrupted  ;  but  ceremonies 
are  variable,  and  circumstances 
may  be  changed  upon  every  just 
occasion.  The  prophet  that  came 
out  of  Judah  to  Bethel,  and  gave 
there  a  sign,  made  some  to 
think,  I  had  sinned  indeed.  My- 
self, I  confess,  was  somewhat 
moved,  when  I  felt  my  arm 
withered  ;  but  seriously  weighing 
things  after,  as  they  were,  I  stayed 
my  thoughts.  For,  I  find,  in  the 
law,  that  a  prophet  may  arise  giv- 
ing a  sign  or  wonder,  which  shall 
come  to  pass ;  and  yet  his  doctrine 
may  be  abominable,  and  God 
thereby  proveth  the  hearts  of  his 
people.  The  enchanters  of  Egypt 
could  also  do  miracles,  even  like 
unto  Moses  ;  yet  were  they  no 
ministers  of  the  Lord.  The  abuse 
of  God's  name   can    go   long   un- 


CYCLOPEDIA. 


Ai 


33 


punished ;  for.  it  is  a  great  sin :  ] 
neither  escaped  this  prophet  due 
vengeance  for  his  crime,  but  as  lie 
went  homeward,  he  was  slain  by 
a  lion.  Well  worthy  end  for  such 
as  dissemble  the  message  of  the 
Most  High  !  However,  therefore, 
some  think  of  this  matter,  I  am 
not  persuaded  he  was  a  man  of 
God  that  came  to  so  fearful  a 
death." 

"  But  the  death  of  mine  own 
Son,  Abijah,  sat  nearer  me,  and 
made  me  look  narrowly  into  mine 
own  actions,  till  I  found  indeed 
whereof  to  resolve.  I  sent  mine 
own  wife  to  Abijah  the  Prophet 
for  counsel  about  him :  but  the 
choleric  old  man  would  not  sutler 
her  to  speak,  but,  breaking  out  in 
heat  and  menaces,  gave  her  an- 
SAver  before  she  asked.  It  is  easy 
to  see  his  partial  affection  :  he 
leaneth  towards  Judah,  and  speak- 
eth  with  bitterness  against  me, 
that  never  did  him  hurt.  My  son 
is  dead  and  gone  ;  for  his  day  was 
come.  If  he  were  cut  off  before 
his  time,  it  was  rather  for  his  vice, 
than  for  his  virtue.  The  prophet 
said, there  was  some  goodness  found 
in  my  son  towards  the  Lord  God  oj 
Israel ;  and,  therefore,  he  must 
die.  But  doth  the  Lord  use  so  to 
reward  them  that  are  good  before 
him  ?  It  is  said,  in  the  Scripture, 
of  wickedness,  that  they  shall  not 
live  out  half  their  days  :  yet,  now, 
this  young  man's  death  is  brought 
as  an  argument  to  prove  he  was 
godly!  Abijah,  I  perceive,  is  too 
old  to  be  a  seer  any  longer ;  else 
could  not  have  been  so  much  over- 
seen in  this  new  doctrine.  God's 
law  biddeth  children  honour  their 
parents,  that  their  days  nuty  be 
long  in  the  land ;  but  this  my 
child    had     his    days    shortened. 


doubtless  for  disobedience.  My 
other  sons  consented  to  that  which 
I  did  about  religion ;  and  they 
live  and  prosper.  He  only  would 
be  more  precise  than  his  brethren, 
and  his  honor  is  laid  in  the  dust. 
Thus  I  see  in  my  house  the  pro- 
verb fulfilled  ;  'the  fear  of  the  Lord 
increaseth  the  days  ;  but  the  years 
of  the  wickedness  shall  be  dimin- 
ished.' Arrow  against  Idolatry, 
chap.  iii.  p.  45,  65.  See  also  Josi:- 
PHus  Antiq.  of  the  Jews.  Book  viii., 
chap,  iii.,  and  Dr.  Jenning's  Jemsh 
Antiq.  vol.  ii.,  p.  26,  27,  28.  Boot«, 
Pgedobaptism  Examined,  p.  467. 
472.  For  the  proper  use  and  ap- 
plication of  the  above  quotation 
from  Ainsworth,  the  reader  is  re- 
ferred to  Booth  as  above  quoted,  p. 
472.    Hanbury's  Hist.  nem. 

ADDINGTON,  Stephen,  d.d.,  a 
Dissenting  Clergyman,  of  consider- 
able learning,  was  born  at  North- 
ampton 1729  ;  died  1796.  Author 
of  Dissertation  of  the  Religious 
knowledge  of  the  ancient  Jews  and 
Patriarchs ;  to  which  is  added,  A 
Specimen  of  a  Greek  and  English 
Concordance.  Loud.  1757,  4to. 
Eusebius  to  Philetus  ;  or  a  Se- 
ries of  Letters,  from  a  Father  to 
his  Son,  on  a  devout  temper  and 
life.  Lond.  1761,  1766,  12mo. 
The  Rudiments  of  the  Greek 
tongue,  collected  and  explained 
nearly  on  the  plan  of  Mr.  Rud- 
diman's  Rudiments  of  the  Latin. 
Lond.  1761,  12mo.  A  System  of 
Arithmetic.  Lond.  1765,  8vo. 
Treatise  on  Baptisms,  or  Reasons 
for  Baptizing  Infants,  and  for 
administering  the  Ordinance  by 
Sprinkling  or  Pouring  Water. 
Lond.  1774,  12mo.  A  Sum- 
mary of  the  Christian  Minister  s 
Reasons  for  Baptizing  Infants, 
1776,     l-2mo.     The    Youth's  Geo- 


34 


HAYNES'  BAPTIST 


Ai 


graphical  Grammar.  Lond.  1770, 
8vo.  A  Practical  Treatise  on 
Afflictions  ;  to  which  is  added, 
A  Short  Discourse  upon  Visiting 
the  Sick.  Lond.  1779,  12mo. 
The  Life  of  Saint  Paul  the 
Apostle.  Lond.  1784,  8vo.  Max- 
ims, Religious  and  Prudential, 
with  a  Sermon  to  Young  People. 
Lond.  12mo.  Peace,  the  End  of 
the  Perfect  and  Upright  Man,  a 
Sermon  occasioned  by  the  Death 
ofWilliam  Ford.  Lond.  1783,  8vo. 
This  author  is  quoted  by  Booth. 
It  certainly  must  be  more  satisfac- 
tory to  the  reader  of  quotations  and 
concessions  of  learned  Paedobap- 
tist  authors  to  know  something 
more  of  their  character  than  the 
bare  name  and  that  furnished  by 
the  quotation,  particularly  the 
period  in  which  they  lived  and 
date  of  the  work  quoted.  In 
the  present  case  the  learning  of  the 
author  is  indicated  by  the  character 
of  his  writings.  The  quotation  of 
Booth  follows  : 

"  If  there  are  two  translations  of 
word,  one  of  which  is  certainly  true, 
and  the  other  may  be  false,  it  is 
easy  to  see  which  the  wise  and 
candid  would  prefer."  Christian 
Minister  s  Reas.  p.  34,  in  Booth's 
Paedobap.  Ex.  p.  31. 

"  We  have  not  met  with  one 
text,  in  the  whole  Bible,  that  re- 
quires the  immersion  of  the  whole 
body."  Christian  Minister's  Rea- 
son, p.  146  in  Booth's  Paedobap- 
tism  Examined,  p.  41. 

"  The  supposition  of  Paul's 
alluding  here  (Rom.  vi.  3,  4,)  to 
the  mode  oi  iininersion  in  baptism, 
as  bearing  a  resemblance  to  the 
burial  and  resurrection  of  (Jesus) 
Christ  is  entirely  founded  on  a  mis- 
taken interpretation  of  the  passage. 
Without  referring  in  the  least  to 


that,  or  any  other  mode  of  adminis- 
tering the  ordinance,  Paul  gives  us 
an  account  of  the  nature  and  de- 
sign of  it ;  figuring,  not  any  scenes 
through  which  our  Redeemer  pass- 
ed, but  that  great  change  on  the 
heart  of  the  true  Christian  convert, 
which  is  effected  by  the  washing 
of  regeneration."  Christian  Minist. 
Reas.  p.  44,  45.  Booth's  Pasdo- 
baptism  Examined,  p.  72. 

"  A  strong  imagination,  or  a 
prejudiced  mind,  may  find  an  ob- 
ject, and  then  point  out  a  resem- 
blance in  many  particulars  ;  but 
no  reader  of  judgment  and  caution 
will  strain  so  obscure  an  allusion." 
Ut  Supra,  p.  37.  In  Booth's  Pae- 
dobaptism  Examined,  p.  73. 

"Is there  no  express  command 
of  Christ  to  baptize  believers  ?  Not 
one  in  all  the  New  Testament." 
Summary  of  Christian  Minist.  Rea- 
sons, p.  24.  Booth  in  Paedobap- 
tism  Examined,  p.  191,  where  he 
says  :  "  If  by  express  command  he 
mean  the  very  words.  Baptize  Be- 
lievers ;  it  is  allowed.  But  what 
is  that  to  the  purpose,  while  the 
ideas  conveyed  by  those  terms,  are 
as  plainly  and  strongly  expressed, 
as  if  the  identical  words  had  been 
repeatedly  used  ?  Nor  will  Mr. 
Addington  deny  this." 

We  have  reason  also  to  won- 
der at  the  inadvertency  of  Mr. 
Addington  ;  who  speaking  of  Ruffi- 
nus,  tells  us  that  he  lived  in  the 
Third  Century  :  "  and  that  his 
knoivledge  and  integrity  have 
NEVER  BEEN  doubtcd."  Christian 
Min.  Reasons,  p.  163.  Booth's 
Pffidobaptism    Examined,  p.  213. 

"  The  promises  to  Abraham  in 
the  Old  Testament,  and  those  to 
Christians  in  the  New,  appear  to 
engage  for  the  same  spiritual,  tem- 
poral and  eternal  blessings."  "  They 


Ai 


CYCLOPAEDIA. 


35 


are  made  alike  to  believers,  whe- 
ther Jews  or  Gentiles,  and  to  their 
CHILDREN,  in  both  Testaments." 
Christian  Minister's  Reasons,  p. 
100.  Booth,  in  Paedobaptism  Ex- 
amined, p.  338. 

"  We  seem  to  need  such  a 
rite  as  this  ;  since  the  birth  of  a 
child  is  an  event  of  great  impor- 
tance to  a  family,  and  it  must  ap- 
pear a  parent's — it  cannot  be  but 
a  pious  parent's  inclination — early 
to  devote  his  children  to  God, 
through  Christ ;  expressing  his  fer- 
vent desires  that  they  may  partake, 
with  himself,  of  the  blessings  of 
the  Christian  Covenant.  This  ar- 
gument appears  to  receive  addi- 
tional strength  from  the  practice 
of  our  Baptist  brethren,  (many  of 
them  at  least)  who  feeling  the 
need,  propriety,  and  usefulness  of 
such  a  rite,  as  we  suppose  infant 
baptism  to  be,  have  invented  one 
of  their  own,  which  nearly  resem- 
bles it  excepting  in  the  ceremonial 
part."  Christian  Minister's  Rea- 
sons. P.S.  to  Advertisement.  In 
Booth's  Padobap.  Exam.  p.  351. 
"  We  seem  to  need  such  a  rite  as 
Infant  Baptism .'"  exclaims  Mr. 
Booth.     Ut  Supra,  p.  351. 

"  Herein  pardon,  grace,  and 
glor)',  are  promised  to  such  as  re- 
pent and  turn  unto  the  Lord.  This 
he  (Peter)  calls,  by  way  of  emi- 
nence, the  promise  ;  partly  on  ac- 
count of  the  superior  value  of  the 
blessings  engaged  for  in  it,  and 
partly  because  it  secures  the  con- 
tinued succession  of  them  to  the 
people  of  God  and  their  seed  to  the 
end  oj  timeT  Christian  Minister  s 
Reasons,  p.  120.  Booth.  Pcedo-^ 
baptism  Examined,  p.  363. 

"The  Christian,  is  to  his  or' 
her  family,  as  the  root  of  these 
branches  ;  and  upon  the  principles  I 


here  laid  down,  he  or  she  being 
holy,  so  are  they."  Christian  Min- 
ister's Reasons,  p.  80.  Booth's 
Padobajxtism   Examined,  p.  374. 

ADDISON,  Lauxcelot,  D.D.,  Son 
of  Launcelot  Addison,  and  father 
of  Joseph  AddLson,  of  Milestone,  in 
Wiltshire,  the  Poet  and  Classical 
writer.  He  was  born  at  Mauldis- 
meaburne,  in  Westmoreland,  1632  ; 
died  1703.  Of  the  works  of  this 
voluminous  writer  enumerated  by 
Robert  Watt,  we  notice  only  the 
following :  An  Introduction  to  the 
Sacrament,  1681.  Enlarged  1586. 
The  genuine  use  and  necessity  of 
the  two  Sacraments,  viz..  Baptism 
and  the  Lord's  Supper,  with  our 
obligation  frequently  to  receive  the 
latter.  Lond.  1697,  8vo.  Biblio- 
theca  Britannica. 

ATKINS,  ABRAH.iM,  Esq.,  of 
Clapham,  England,  adistinguisaed 
Baptist,  who  between  1700  and 
1720  endowed  liberally  by  his  will 
several  Baptist  Churches  about 
London,  one  of  which  was  Unicorn- 
yard,  a  Church  which  annually  has 
contributed  from  the  commence- 
ment of  that  institution  to  the  Bap- 
tist Fund.  Mr.  Atkins  will  be  the 
subject  of  reference  in  our  Gazet- 
teer under  the  Churches  endowed, 
where  some  account  of  his  will 
may  be  given.  Most  probably  his 
WILL  laid  the  foundation  of  the 
Permanent  Baptist  Fund,  estab- 
lished in  England  in  1717,  so  great 
is  the  influence  of  the  single  act  of 
one  man,  as  an  example  in  a  good 
work. 

Articles  of  S.malcald  :  "  Lay- 
Baptism  is  no  other  than  the  word 
of  God,  with  plunging  into  water, 
according  to  his  appointment  and 
command."  Epitom.  Lib.  Concord. 
Christ,  p.  107. 

ALIX,  author  of  a  work  entitled, 


36 


Ai 


HAYNKS'  BAPTIST 


Ao 


Preparation  for  the  Lord's  Supper," 
1688, — also  Remarks  on  the  Eccle- 
siastical History  of  the  Ancient 
Churches  of  Piedmont. ,  Lond. 
1690,  4to.  This  last  work  has 
been  profusely  quoted  by  Jones, 
Robinson,  Ivuney,Crosby,  D'Anvers, 
Tombs,  Benedict  and  other  Baptist 
Historians,  as  aflbrding  testimony 
to  the  fact  that  the  Churches  of 
Piedmont  were  chiefly  Baptists. 
This  writer  however  must  not  be 
confounded  with  Peter  Alix,  ano- 
ther French  author.  See  Biblio- 
tlieca  Brittanica. 

AGRICOLA,  F.,  most  probably, 
Francis,  who  was,  says  Watt,  a 
volumnious  theological  writer. 
The  name  is  inserted  here  F.  A^ri- 
cola,  as  quoted  by  Benedict,  p.  926, 
from  Prof.  Sears,  as  a  writer  against 
the  Anabaptists,  a.  d.  1591. 

AUSTIN,  St.  D.  Aurblius,  or 
Augustine,  an  eminent  Father  of 
the  Church,  was  born  at  Tagasta, 
Nov.  13th,  in  the  year  354;  and 
died  of  a  fever,  28th  August,  430, 
at  Hippo,  while  that  city  was  be- 
seiged  by  the  Vandals.  Such  was 
the  popularity  of  St.  Augustine, 
that  Panzer  enumerates  no  less 
than  176  editions  of  various  parts 
of  his  works,  before  1500.  Tertul- 
lian  was  the  first  and  Augustine 
the  second  of  the  Fathers  who 
wrote  on  baptism,  the  former  cer- 
tainly against  infant  baptism,  the 
latter  shall  answer  for  himself  It 
would  require  a  whole  number  of 
this  work  to  enumerate  his  works, 
and  editions  of  them,  so  as  to  give 
any  clear  idea  of  their  character 
and  contents.  In  his  "  Epistle  to 
Dardanus,  De  haptismo  parvnlor- 
uin — the  baptistn  of  little  ones,"  St. 
Augustine  asserts,  that  "  God  in  a 
hidden  manner  infuses  his  grace 
into  children — in  a  wonderful  man- 


ner, he  dwells  in  infants  who  are 
baptized."  Dr.  Featly,  in  Dipper^s 
Dipt,  pp.  60,  66,  quoted  by  Bene- 
dict, p.  263,  ed.  1848. 

ASHTON,  Thomas,  a  clergyman 
in  the  time  of  the  usurpation  by 
Oliver  Cromwell  in  England,  born 
in  Lancashire,  1631.  He  published 
the  following  works  :  Blood-thirsty 
Cyrus,  unsatisfied  with  blood,  or 
the  boundless  cruelty  of  an  Anabap- 
tisfs  Tyranny,  manifested  in  a  let- 
ter of  Col.  John  3Iason,  governor 
of  Jersey,  2d  Nov.  1659  ;  wherein 
he  exhibits  seven  false,  ridiculous, 
and  scandalous  articles,  against 
Quarter-master  William  Swan,  Sfc. 
Lond.  1659,  Ato.  2.  Satan  in 
Samuers  Mantle ;  or  the  Cruelty 
of  Gerniciny  acted  in  Jersey  ; 
containing  the  arbitrary  proceed- 
ings of  John  Mason,  of  a  Baptized 
Church,  commissionated  to  be  a 
Colonel,  and  sent  over  into  the  is- 
land of  Jersey,  Governor,  in  July, 
1656,  against  several  Officers  and 
Soldiers  in  tJiat  small  place,  Sfc. 
Loud.  1659,  4:to.  This  man  is  to 
be  distinguished  from  another  of 
the  same  name,  who  at  a  period 
about  50  years  later  was  Rector  of 
St.  Botolph,  Bishopsgate.  See  Bib- 
liothcca  Britannica. 

ARNOLD,  Nicholas,  Professor 
of  Divinity  at  Franeker,  was  born 
at  Lesna,  a  city  of  Poland,  1618  ; 
died  1680.  He  was  the  author  of 
numerous  works.  See  Bibliotheca 
Britannica.  Under  the  title  "  Prof. 
Arnoldus,"  Booth  quotes  this  au- 
thor from  a  work  the  title  of  which 
is  omitted  by  Robert  Watt.  "  The 
Baptism  of  Infants  is  either  com- 
manded here,  or  no  where."  On 
Matt,  xxviii.  19,  in  Religio  Soci- 
niana,  p.  411.  Booth  in  Paedo- 
baptism  Examined,  p.  325.  Watt 
says,  Arnold's  works  were  written 


Ao 


CYCLOPAEDIA. 


Ao 


37 


chiefly  against  the  Sociiiian  Tenets. 
Bib.  Brit.  ;  Benedict,  p.  265,  re- 
presents him  as  a  writer  against 
the  Anabaptists. 

ARNOLD,  William,  a  Baptist 
minister  of  Enghmd,  who  was  pas- 
tor of  a  church  in  Westminster, 
which  met  first  in  Goat-street, 
Horsleydown,  and  afterwards  held 
its  meetings  in  Unicorn-yard.  Of 
this  Church  we  shall  give  some 
account  in  our  Historical  Gazetteer 
Ai"t.  Unicorn-yard.  "  William 
Arxold,"  says  Walter  Wilson, 
"  the  first  minister  of  this  Church, 
was  a  worthy  and  serious  man, 
but  destitute  of  the  advantages  ot 
a  liberal  education.  ^le  was  or- 
dained in  Goat-street,  Nov.  15, 
1720,  and  continued  his  pastoral 
relation  till  May  17,  1734,  when 
he  died  at  the  age  of  forty-three. 
Mr.  Samuel  Wilson  preached  his 
funeral  Sermon,  and  has  given  at 
considerable  length,  an  excellent 
character  of  him,  from  which  we 
shall  make  some  extracts.  "  It 
was  his  great -mercy,  and  I  have 
heard  him  often  mention  it  with 
praise  and  gratitude,  that  God  met 
with  him  about  the  time  of  his  first 
settling  in  the  world,  and  wrought 
a  change  in  his  heart  and  conver- 
sation, surprising  to  himself,  and 
to  all  about  him.  After  he  had 
for  some  time  made  a  public  pro- 
fession of  religion  in  the  country, 
he  was  taken  notice  of  as  a  man 
of  uncommon  seriousness,  especi- 
ally in  the  duty  of  prayer.  This 
engaged  the  church  to  solicit  a 
test  of  his  gift  in  expounding  the 
Scriptures,  and  meeting  with  en- 
couragement, he  was  induced  to 
go  out  and  publish  the  glad  tidings 
of  salvation.  He  had  not  long 
been  in  this  work,  before  God 
gave  him  some  remarkable  seals 


to  his  ministry,  which  greatly 
strengthened  his  faith,  and  en- 
couraged him  to  go  forward.  And 
now  he  began  to  give  himself 
wholly  to  reading,  study,  medita- 
tion, and  prayer  ;  his  profiting 
appeared  to  all.  I  might  say  much 
of  his  natural  abilities,  and  1  be- 
lieve every  one  that  knew  him 
will  allow,  that  for  ready  discern- 
ment of  men  and  thing,■^,  a  lively 
imagination,  a  solid  judgment,  a 
strong,  and  tenacious  memory,  he 
had  lew  equals.  And  as  he  has 
often  expressed  how  thankful  he 
should  have  been  could  he  have 
read  the  sacred  oracles  in  the  ori- 
ginal languages,  so  Providence 
seemed,  in  a  great  measure,  to 
make  up  his  defect,  by  blessing 
him  with  an  industrious  spirit.  He 
thought  no  pains  too  much  in 
reading  the  best  English  Di\'ines, 
and  consulting  the  most -j  udicious 
commentators,  to  come  at  the  sense 
of  Scripture :  And  in  this  he  was 
so  successful,  that  men  of  the 
greatest  capacity,  and  the  most 
improved  literature,  often  attended 
his  ministry  with  pleasure  and  ad- 
vantage. His  natural  disposition 
was  good  and  his  conversation 
agreeable.  An  innocent  cheerful- 
ness, attended  with  proper  pru- 
dence, discovered  itself,  upon  almost 
every  occasion ;  so  that  he  had  as 
many  friends  as  acquaintances, 
nor  could  you  be  in  his  company 
long  without  improvement  and  de- 
light. In  his  family  he  was  a 
tender  husband,  and  most  affec- 
tionate father  ;  conscientious  and 
constant  in  the  discharge  of  his 
relative  duties  ;  and  courteous  to 
all.  About  fourteen  years  since, 
he  was  called  by  his  church  to  the 
pastoral  office ;  and  though  the 
invitation    was    very    unanimous 


38 


Ao 


HAYNES'  BAPTIST 


Ao 


and  hearty,  it  appeared  to  him  to 
be  an  office  which  called  for 
thonght  and  deliberation.  Accord- 
ingly it  was  some  months  before 
he  could  be  brought  to  accept  the 
charge ;  nor  even  then,  without  call- 
ing in  the  advice  of  his  brethren 
in  the  ministry.  How  he  has  ful- 
filled his  ministry  among  you,  you 
are  the  best  judges ;  and  I  believe 
he  has  a  testimony  in  every  one 
of  you,  that  with  the  utmost  dili- 
gence, seriousness,  affection  and 
faithfulness,  he  has  declared  unto 
you  the  whole  counsel  of  God.  The 
more  sub.-tantial  and  soul-edifying 
truths  ol  ttie  gospel,  were  the  sub- 
jects he  wholly  insisted  on.  Nor 
was  he  satisfied  with  pleasing  the 
ear,  but  labored  in  the  strength  of 
the  Lord,  to  speak  to  the  heart  and 
conscience,  and  it  was  with  that 
spirituality  and  savor,  as  abun- 
dantly discovered,  that  he  tasted 
the  word  of  life  in  his  own  soul, 
whilst  he  held  it  forth  to  others. 
His  method  was  easy,  just  and  na- 
tural, his  diction  strong  and  mas- 
culine, yet  plain  and  familiar  ;  his 
gesture  and  deportment  graceful 
and  becoming  ;  and  as  he  was  fur- 
nished with  gifts  and  graces,  which 
rendered  him  an  able  minister,  so 
the  work  of  God  prospered  in  his 
hands.  Many  converts  were  ga- 
thered in,  who  dated  their  first 
serious  impressions  to  the  blessing 
of  God  upon  his  labors.  In  his 
occasional  labors,  he  was  always 
attended,  much  beloved  and  greatly 
respected.  His  work  drawing  near 
its  close,  one  indisposition  after 
another  seized  him,  till,  at  length, 
the  tabernacle  began  to  shake,  as 
threatened  with  an  approaching  dis- 
solution. It  has  been  observed  by 
some,  that  he  has  hardly  ever  been 
well,  since  the  removal  of  a  valu 


able  friend,  (Rev.  Edward  Wallin,) 
who  was  dearer  to  him  than  a 
brother  ;  and  as  there  was  hardly 
an  aff"air  of  importance  in  which 
he  did  not  consult  him,  in  life,  so 
there  was  little  difference  in  their 
death ;  both  had  the  mercy  to  die 
comfortably,  and  go  off'  triumph- 
antly. The  Monday  before  he 
died,  he  asked  his  physicians,  with 
the  usual  cheerfulness,  what  they 
thought  of  him  ?  When  they  told 
him  there  was  danger  in  his  case, 
they  were  no  sooner  withdrawn, 
but  he  said  to  his  friends,  with  his 
hands  lifted  up  towards  heaven, 
and  with  an  air  of  pleasure  and  satis- 
faction in  his  countenance,  'Now 
I  am  going,  I  am  going  home,  I 
am  going  to  glory.'  Upon  this  he 
sent  for  his  children,  took  a  solemn 
and  aff'ectionate  leave  of  them,  and 
with  the  authority  of  a  minister, 
and  the  affection  of  a  parent,  re- 
commended to  them  their  duty  to 
God,  to  one  another,  and  how  they 
ought  to  walk  in  the  world.  Tues- 
day being  appointed  by  the  church 
as  a  day  of  humiliation,  fasting, 
and  prayer,  on  his  account,  he  sent 
them  the  following  message  :  '  Tell 
them  that  I  am  now  going  to  my 
God,  and  their  God  ;  to  my  Fa- 
ther and  their  Father ;  I  desire 
them  all  to  join  in  praises  to  God, 
for  the  exceeding  abundant  riches 
of  his  grace  and  mercy  to  me.  I 
am  concerned  for  that  little  hill  in 
Mount  Sion.  They  have  long  been 
a  creditable  and  reputable  Church ; 
they  are  now  so  ;  and  it  is  my  de- 
sire that  they  continue  in  credit  and 
reputation  after  my  decease.  I  now 
take  my  farewell  of  them,  and  com- 
mit them  to  the  care  of  the  Great 
Shepherd  and  Bishop  of  souls. 
Let  them  wait  on  God,  that  he 
may  give  them  a  pastor  after  his- 


Ao 


CYCLOPEDIA. 


39 


own  heart,  to  feed  them  with 
knowledge  and  understanding.  I 
desire  them  to  show  tiieir  love 
and  value  for  me,  by  uniting  in 
love  and  aftection  to  one  another, 
and  then  they  may  expect  to  meet 
death  with  joy  and  comfort,  as  I 
now  do  ;  and  so  I  take  my  leave 
of  them,  expecting  to  see  them  in 
a  little  time ;  and  that  we  shall 
be  companions  again  together,  and 
be  for  ever  with  the  Lord." 

"  Wednesday  he  was  in  the  same 
frame  of  spirit,  rejoicing  in  the 
Lord,  and  longing  for  his  dissolu- 
tion. Thursday  evening  being 
asked,  whether  his  comfort  con- 
tinued ?  He  answered  with  his 
hands  lifted  up,  '  yes,  without  the 
least  cloud :  Satan  has  not  been 
suffered  to  interrupt  it.'  Friday 
morning,  about  an  hour  before  he 
died,  he  said  to  some  friends,  '  You 
will  be  asked  by  the  world  how  I 
went  off  ?  You  are  my  witnesses 
that  I  declare  with  my  dying 
breath,  that  my  firm  faith  and  de- 
pendence is  on  the  blood,  righteovTS- 
ness  and  satisfaction  of  the  Lord 
Jesus  Christ,  for  my  acceptance  in 
the  sight  of  God.'  After  this, 
thanking  them  for  all  their  kind- 
ness, he  wished,  in  the  most  affec- 
tionate manner,  that  his  God 
might  be  their  God,  and  that  they 
might  be  eternal  companions  with 
him  in  glory.  Some  of  his  last 
words  were,  '  I  am  an  instance  of 
Sovereign  and  distinguishing  grace, 
abrand  plucked  out  of  the  burning.' 
A  few  minutes  after  this  he  fell 
asleep  in  Jesus,  and  died  without 
sigh,  groan,  or  complaint."'  Wil- 
son's FuxERAL  Sermon,  pp.  23-31. 
Also  Hist.  Dissent.  Churches,  by 
Walter  Wilson,  Vol.  A,  pp.  231- 
235 

ANONYMOUS:  "  That  the /e««- 


of  the  Scripture  is  in  favor  of  the 
Baptists,  (or  as  they  are  still  ab- 
surdly called,  Anabaptists,)  cannot 
without  evasion  and  equivocation  \ 
be  denied."  London  Review, ^or  \ 
June  1776,  p.  489.  Booths  Pae- 
dobaptism  Examined,  p.  2(). 

"  If  we  have  regard  to  manner 
in  which  the  idea  of  Baptism 
is  naturally  adapted  to  the  situa- 
tion of  a  guilty  creature,  zealous 
to  express  his  abhorrence  ot"  sin  ; 
or  to  the  general  practice  of  the 
Jewish,  as  well  as  other  Eastern 
nations  ;  to  the  example  of  our 
Lord,  and  of  his  disciples  ;  and  to 
the  most  plain  and  obvious  con- 
struction of  the  Greek  language  ; 
we  shall  be  inclined  to  believe  that 
infant  sprinkling  is  not  an  institu- 
tion of  Christianity,  but  a  deviation 
from  the  original  rite,  which  was 
performed  by  dipping  or  plu aging 
into  the  water.  The  arguments 
by  which  the  Paedobaptists  sup- 
port their  practice  and  doctrine 
appear  to  us  to  be  forced  and  vio- 
lent, that  we  are  of  opinion  nothing 
but  the  general  prevalence  of  in- 
fant sprinkling  could  have  so  long 
supported  it."  English  Review, 
for  Nov.  1783,  p.  351.  Booth,  pp. 
78,  79. 

"  This  is  to  make  evidence 
shift  sides,  by  turns,  just  as  it  hap- 
pens to  favor  or  thwart  our  cause." 
Monthly  Review,  for  Sep.  1783,  p. 
220  in  Booth's  Peedobaptism  Ex- 
amined, p.  416. 

"  A  child  is  bom — 'tis  born  to  die  : 
Make  haste  periiaps  its  end  is  nigh  : 

Here  comes  thi^  Curate.     Well  ! 
The  hov'ring  gossips  round  him  stand. 
When  with  his  high  commissioned  hand. 

He  saves,  one-lialf,  from  hell." 

Essay  on  the  Necess.  of  a  Good 
Life,  pp.  99,  110,  in  Booth's  Pae- 
dobaptism  Examined,  p.  359. 


40 


Ao 


HAYNES'  BAPTIST 


Ao 


"  Proving,  by  confession  of  all 
sides,  that  the  Protestant  reli- 
gion is  safer ;  because  in  all  posi- 
tive points  of  doctrine,  the  Ro- 
manists agree  with  them,  (the 
Protestants,)  but  in  their  additions 
they  stand  single  by  themselves." 
We  say  there  is  a  heaven  and  a 
hell.  It  is  true  say  they;  but  there 
is  also  a  purgatory.  We  say,  we 
shall  be  saved  by  the  merits  and 
satisfaction  of  Christ  Jesus.  It  is 
true  they  say ;  but  there  are  like- 
wise merits  and  satisfactions  of 
our  oivn.  We  say,  the  sacraments 
of  baptism  and  the  eucharist,  are 
two  proper  sacraments,  instituted 
by  Christ.  It  is  true  say  they ; 
but  there  are  five  more  to  be  re- 
ceived, &c.  In  Popery  Confuted 
by  Papists,  in  Booth's  Psedobap- 
tism  Examined,  p.  473. 

"  The  Church  of  Rome  will 
not  acknowledge  their  points  of 
doctrine  to  be  erroneous,  unless 
we  can  assign  the  time,  and  point 
out  the  persoAKs,  who  first  broached 
them.  If  a  man  be  sick  of  con- 
sumption, will  he  refuse  help  of 
the  physician,  except  he  can  re- 
solve him  whether  his  lungs  or  his 
liver  were  first  infected,  and  show 
the  time  when  and  the  occasion 
how  his  body  grew  first  distem- 
pered." Popery  Confuted  by  Pa- 
pists, pp.  26-27,— Ed.  2d.  Booth's 
Paedobaptism   Examined,  p.  407. 

ANTHONY,  Joseph,  one  of  the 
noble  brotherhood  of  Baptist  minis- 
ters in  Virginia,  whom  God  deemed 
worthy  to  call,  in  his  providence, 
to  bear  witness  for  Christ  in  prison, 
where  he  had  been  cast,  as  were 
Paul.  Silas,  Peter  and  others,  for 
the  testimony  of  Jesus  Christ  and 
his  gospel.  He  was  originally  a 
member  of  Dover  Church,  in 
Goochland  county,  where  he  was 


baptized  by  Rev.  J.  Waller,  as  one 
of  the  seals  to  the  joint  ministry  of 
Rev.  Messrs.  Reed  and  Harriss. 
He  began,  at  once,  to  preach  suc- 
cessfully. He  was  a  companion 
first  of  Mr.  Webber  and  then  of 
Mr.  Elijah  Baker,  in  the  work  of 
the  ministry.  He  preached  in  the 
counties  of  Chesterfield  and  those 
situated  between  Richmond  and 
Hampton,  and  afterwards  in  Henry 
county.  He  labored  in  the  Straw- 
berry and  Mayo  Associations,  was 
pastor  at  one  period  of  Otter  and 
Burton's  Creek  Churches,  and  was 
annually  moderator  of  Mayo  Asso- 
ciation. In  1770-1,  he  was  im- 
prisoned in  Chesterfield  jail,  where 
he  preached  to  multitudes  through 
the  gates,  and  when  his  prison- 
doors  were  thrown  open,  and  he 
was  urged  to  escape,  he  replied  in 
the  language  of  Paul :  "  They  have 
taken  us  openly,  uncondemned, 
and  have  cast  us  into  prison  ;  and 
now  do  they  cast  us  out  privily  ? 
Nay,  verily  ;  but  let  them  come 
themselves  and  fetch  us  out," 
which  was  eventually  done.  His 
life  was  spotless,  useful,  and  mark- 
ed by  deep-toned  piety  and  devo- 
tion, and  his  common  theme  of 
conversation  was  Christ  and  him 
crucified.  He  was  surely  one  of  the 
Baptist  worthies  of  Virginia.  See 
Taiflor^s  Virginia  Bap.  3Iiii.p.  44, 
for  a  sketch  somewhat  more  full 
and  particular  in  details,  of  which 
the  above  is  an  abridgment. 

ANTHON,  Prof.  .Charles.  This 
well-known  editor  of  many  of  the 
chief  and  most  important  Greek 
and  other  classical  text-books,  for 
Universities,  Colleges  and  Acad- 
memies,  is  one  of  a  most  numer- 
ous class  of  authors  whom  it  is 
a  pleasure  to  quote,  while  how- 
ever, it   presents    a   phenomenon. 


Ao 


CYCLOPAEDIA. 


Au 


41 


defying  in  its  nature  explica-j 
tion  by  the  most  casuistic  of  the 
Jesuits,  as  a  case  of  conscience  in- 
volving some  principle  unknown' 
to  our  philosophy,  to  harmonize' 
with  their  practice  their  ingenuous 
concessions.  It  is  taken  from  Be- 
nedict, who  quotes  it  from  Camp-j 
bell  and  Rice's  Debate.  "  In  the ' 
course  of  his  debate,  Mr.  Campbell 
introduced  the  following  very  in-i 
teresting  note  from  Prof  Anthon, 
of  New- York,  in  answer  to  an  in- 
quiry made  by  the  gentleman  to 
whom  it  is  addressed."  He  is  a 
Protestant  Episcopalian. 

"  Columbia  College, 
"  March  -loth,  1843. 
■'  Dr.  Parmly, 

"  My  dear  Sir, — There  is  no  au- 
thority whatever  for  the  singular 
remark,  make  by  the  Rev.  Dr. 
Spring,  relative  to  the  force  of 
baptizo.  The  primary  meaning  of 
the  word  is  to  dip,  or  immerse ; 
and  its  secondary  meanings,  if 
ever  it  had  any,  all  refer,  in  some 
way  or  other,  to  the  same  leading 
idea.  Sprinkling,  &c.  are  entirely 
out  of  the  question.  I  have  de- 
layed answering  your  letter  in  the 
hope  that  you  would  call  and  favor 
me  with  a  visit,  when  we  might 
talk  the  matter  over  at  our  leisure. 
I  presume,  however,  that  what  I 
have  here  written  will  answer 
your  purpose. 

"Your's  truly, 

"Charles  Anthon." 
Benedict,  Gen.  Hist.  Bap.  Denom. 
^c,  Ed.  1848,  p.  248  in  note. 

ASHDOWN,  Rev.  Willia.ai,  of 
Canterbury,  author  of  the  follow- 
ing works  :  Essay,  explaining  Je- 
sus' True  meaning  in  the  Parables, 
1780,  8vo.  2.  The  Unitarian, 
Arian,  and  Trinitarian  Opinion 
respecting    Christ    examined    and 


tried  by  Scripture  Evidence  alone, 
1789,  8vo.  3.  An  Attempt  to 
show  that  the  Opinion  concern- 
ing the  Devil,  or  Satan,  as  a  fallen 
Angel,  and  that  he  tempts  men 
to  Sin,  has  no  foundation  in 
Scripture,  1791,  8vo.  This  last 
work  is  suspicious  in  its  title 
as  to  his  orthodoxy.  4.  "  Proofs 
that  Adults  only  are  included  in  the 
design  of  the  New  Covenant,  or  the 
Gospel  Dispensation,  andivere  mem- 
bers of  the  Church  of  Christ  in  the 
Apostolic  Age,  1792,  8yo."  Bene- 
dict, p.  186,  prefixes  to  this  title 
"  New  and  decisive"  proofs,  &c., 
and  adds  to  the  above,  "  in  reply 
to  Mr.  Williams,"  he  also  gives 
the  imprint  "  Canterbury,"  and 
number  of  pages  "  47."  5.  Two 
letters  addressed  to  the  Bishop  of 
Llandaff,  respecting  his  distinction 
between  the  Operation  of  the  Holy 
Spirit  in  the  Primitive  Ministers 
of  Christ,  and  its  operation  in  men 
in  this  day,  with  an  address  to 
Young  Persons  after  Confirma- 
tion ;  (  ?  )  which  distinction  is 
shown  not  to  have  any  foundation 
in  the  New  Testament,  1798,  8vo. 

BiBLIOTHECA  BrITANNICA. 

ALCUINUS,  or  Albinus  Flac- 
cus,  one  of  the  most  learned  Eng- 
lishmen of  the  8th  century  ;  was 
born  in  the  north  of  England  ;  died 
at  Tours,  804.  Of  the  catalogue 
of  his  works,  the  title  of  two  only 
will  be  inserted.  "Comm.  iuEccle- 
siasten.  Bas.  1531,  8vo.  Etcumde 
Baptismi  Caeremoniis.  Par.  1589. 
De  Sacramentis  in  Liturg.  per  Jac. 
Pamelium.  Col.  Agr.  1571.  Et 
Col.  1609,  4to.  Bibliotheca  Brit- 
annica. 

AUSTIN,  Abrah.ui,  a  minister 
ot  the  General  Baptists  at  Sutton- 
Colefield,  in  Warwickshire,  Eng- 
land, who  about  1785  or  1786  ac- 


42 


HAYNES'  BAPTIST 


Au 


cepted  a  call  to  the  pastorate  to 
the  Baptist  Church,  in  the  Western 
Division  of  the  city  of  London, 
which  then  met  in  EUm  Court, 
Fetter  Lane.  (See  Art.  Sutton- 
Colejield,  and  EUm  Court  in  our 
Gazetteer.)  Mr.  Austin  continued 
in  office  in  this  church  in  1809, 
was  sound  in  the  faith  and  popular, 
as  the  prosperity  of  the  church, 
and  number  of  his  hearers  evinced. 
He  lectured  in  addition  to  the 
usual  services,  on  Sabbath  and 
"Wednesday  evenings.  In  1788 
the  meeting-house  and  church  re- 
cords were  destroyed  by  fire.  The 
church  removed  to  White  Lion 
Court,  Wych-street,  until  1790, 
when  it  returned  to  its  new  edifice 
erected  on  the  old  site.  It  is 
elevated  considerably  above  the 
ground,  and  has  an  organ  behind 
the  pulpit.  See  Hist.  Dissent. 
Churches,  by  Walter  Wilson,  vol. 
3,  p.  474. 

ASPLUND,  John,  the  earliest 
statistical  writer  of  the  Baptist 
denomination  in  America,  except 
Morgan  Edwards,  was  born  in 
Sweden,  and  drowned  in  Fishing 
Creek,  Virginia,  being  precipitated 
from  a  canoe  in  attempting  to 
cross  it,  1807.  He  was  bred  a 
merchant,  emigrated  from  his  na- 
tive country  to  England  in  1775, 
where  he  w^as  employed  as  a  clerk, 
joined  the  British  navy  either  vol- 
untarily or  by  impressment,  pro- 
bably the  latter,  and  deserted  and 
settled  in  North  Carolina.  In  1782, 
he  united  with  the  Baptist  Church 
at  Ballard's  Bridge,  in  Chowan 
county,  and  was  baptized  by  the 
Bev.  David  Walsh,  and  removing 
to  Southampton,  Virginia,  entered 
the  ministry,  and  in  1785  revisited 
Europe,  making  the  tour  of  Eng- 
land, Denmark,  Finland,  Lapland, 


and  Germany.  In  1791-1794,  he 
published  his  first  and  second  Bap- 
tist Register,  and  afterwards  settled 
on  the  eastern  shore  of  Maryland, 
and  engaging  in  land  speculations 
became  embarassed.  If  his  minis- 
terial gifts  did  not  entitle  him  to 
great  distinction,  yet  his  labors  and 
zeal  in  the  collection  of  the  mate- 
rials for  his  work,  deserve  the 
highest  commendation,  and  have 
rescued  from  oblivion  the  most 
valuable  facts,  especially  in  refer- 
ence to  the  early  history  of  the 
Baptists  in  America.  The  follow- 
ing extract  from  the  introduction 
to  his  Register  for  1791,  is  copied 
from  Mr.  Taylor  : 

"  I  have  long  been  desirous,  and 
have  waited  several  years  to  see  a 
publication  like  the  following. 
And  though  I  was  sensible  I  could 
publish  nothing  of  the  kind  with- 
out the  fatigue  and  expense  of 
travelling  over  the  greatest  part  of 
the  continent ;  yet  at  the  request 
of  many,  I  have  been  prevailed 
upon  to  make  the  tour  of  the  Bap- 
tist Churches,  to  obtain  the  neces- 
sary information.  With  a  view  to 
this,  I  have  travelled  about  seven 
thousand  miles,  in  about  eighteen 
months,  chiefly  on  foot,  and  have 
visited  about  two  hundred  and 
fifteen  churches,  and  fifteen  asso- 
ciations. I  am  personally  ac- 
quainted with  two  hundred  and 
fifty  ministers  of  our  society,  so 
that  the  Register  may  safely  be 
depended  on  in  general,  though 
after  all,  perhaps,  a  fevf  churches 
and  ministers  may  be  omitted.  It 
is  probable  also,  that  the  number 
of  members  in  some  churches  may 
not  be  exact,  as  some  do  not  asso- 
ciate— others  who  do,  neglect  to 
send  forward  their  number — and 
some  make  conscience  of  number- 


Ba 


CYCLOPEDIA. 


43 


ing  the  people.  Having  been 
brought  up  with  a  view  to  the 
business  of  merchandize,  I  have 
been  accustouied  to  keeping  ac- 
counts ;  and  I  keep  now  accounts 
of  souls  with  their  faces  set  Zion- 
ward,  in  preference  to  those  which 
only  respect  money  or  trade.  I  have 
a  natural  turn  for  travelling,  and  I 
am  convinced  I  could  not  better 
spend  my  time,  than  in  itinerating 
to  preach  the  gospel,  and  to  collect 
materials  which  may  assist  the 
future  liistorians  ;  and  though  I 
have  met  with  many  discourage- 
ments from  narrow-minded  per- 
sons, whose  illiberal  souls  are  not 
concerned  for  the  public  welfare  ; 
I  appeal  to  the  searcher  of  hearts, 
that  my  principal  design  is  to  make 
the  Baptists  better  acquainted  with 
each  other,  that  union  may  more 
generally  obtain  among  them. 
Southampton,  Va.,  July  4,  1791." 
John  Asplund,  a  Swede. 
He  became  personally  acquainted 
wath  700  Baptist  ministers  in  the 
United  States.  See  Baptist  Li- 
bran/.  Vol.  1,  J}-  3^)  ^'"^  Taylor^s 
Virginia  Baptist  Ministers,  p.  242. 

BAPTIST.  For  works  under  this 
title,  on  both  sides  of  the  question, 
see  in  this  work  among  other 
articles,  the  following : 

Erber}^,  William. 

Plant,  Thomas. 

Willis,  Obadiah,  M.A. 

Toulmin,  Joshua,  D.D. 

Dale,  Anthony  Van. 

Crosby,  Thomas. 

Beddome,  James,  M.A. 

Ettringham,  William. 

Johnson,  John. 

Farnworth,  Richard. 

Ivimey,  Joseph. 

Courcy,  Richard  de. 

Harwood,  Edward. 

Evans,  John. 


Kingsford,  William. 

Edwards,  John. 

Birt,  Isaiah. 

Jenkins,  Joseph,  D.D. 

Graham,  Rev.  John. 

Eaton,  David. 

Edwards,  Peter. 

Ives,  Jeremy, 

Art.  Baptism. 

BAPTISM.  For  some  of  the 
authors  and  books  on  this  subject, 
noticed  in  this  volume,  consult  the 
following  articles  : 

Ruys,  Gaulterus. 

Bale,  or  Baleus,  John. 

Aemstelredamus. 

Day,  Daye,  or  Dale,  John. 

Heron,  John. 

Servetus,  Michael. 

Frith,  or  Frj-th,  John. 

Cassander,  George. 

Beaucaire,  De  Peguilon  Francis. 

Serverus,  Alexandrinus. 

Fox,  John. 

Prime,  John. 

Some,  Robert,  D.D. 

Alcuinus,  or  Albinus,  Flaccus. 

Waldegrave,  or  Waldgrave,  R. 

Habbocke,  William. 

Heiland,  M. 

Hanner,  Meredith,  D.D. 

Burkitt,  William. 

Hutten,  Leon,  D.D. 

Scultetus,  Abraham. 

Fotherby,  Martin,  D.D. 

Clyfton,  Richard. 

Morton,  Thomas. 

Socinus,  Faustus. 

Denison,  John. 

Conrius,  Flor. 

Burgess,  Cornelius. 

Paget,  John. 

Rogers,  Daniel,  B.D. 

Barber,  Edward. 

Wynell,  Thomas. 

Blackwood,  Christopher. 

Cox,  or  Coxe,  Benjamin. 

Garner,  Robert. 


44                             Ba               HAYNES' 

! 

BAPTIST                 Ba 

Hobson,  Capt. 

Willis,  Obadiah,  M.A. 

Philips,  George. 

Whiston,  W.  B. 

Ram,  Robert. 

Compton,  Henry. 

Bakewell,  Thomas. 

Collinges,  or  Collins,  John. 

Church,  John. 

Hickes,  George,  D.D. 

Cotton,  John. 

Carey,  Philip. 

Geree,  John. 

Resbury,  Nathanael,  D.D. 

Homes,  or  Holmes,  Nathanael, 

Hardin,  John. 

D.D. 

Towerson,  Gabriel. 

Hussey,  William. 

Cary. 

Lawrence,  Henry. 

Petto,  Samuel. 

Michael,  Stephen. 

Wall,  Thomas,  A.M. 

Tombes,  John,  B.D. 

Wall,  William,  D.D. 

Grotius,  Hugo. 

Ford,  Simon,  D.D. 

Hoornbeck,  John. 

Keach,  Benjamin. 

Cobbett,  Thomas. 

Exell,  Joshua. 

Vossius,  Gerrard  John. 

Stubs,  or  Stubbs,  Philip. 

Moore,  Thomas. 

Olyfee,  John. 

Cosin,  or  Cosins,  John,  D.D. 

Addison,  Launcelott,  D.D. 

Chidley,  Samuel. 

Bray,  Thomas. 

Cooke,  William. 

Cicero,  Marcus  Jullius. 

Behman,    or    Bcehman,  James. 

Dell,  William. 

Cawdry,  Daniel. 

Slare,  Frederick,  D.D. 

Hall,  Thomas,  B.D. 

Collins,  Hercules. 

Lyford,  AVilliam. 

Keith,  George,  M.A. 

Rive,  John  Joseph. 

Clarke,  Samuel,  D.D. 

Ward,  Samuel. 

Hewerdine,  Thomas,  M.A. 

Baxter,  Richard. 

Turner,  William,  M.D. 

Elderfield,  Christopher,  M.A. 

Salmon,  William,  M.D. 

Ellis,  John,  Junr. 

Dorrington,  Theophilus,  M.A. 

Sidenham,  Cuthbert. 

Garner,  Robert. 

Whistler,  Henry,  B.D. 

Southcomb,  Lewis. 

Ford,  Simon,  D.D. 

Sutherland,  Alexander. 

Home,  John. 

Haddo,  James. 

Punch,  Edward. 

Guidot,  or  Guidott,  Thos.,  M.D. 

Goodwin,  John. 

Welchman,  Edward,  M.A. 

Griffith,  John. 

Bennet,  Thomas. 

Hammond,  Henry,  D.D. 

Peirce,  or  Pierce,  James. 

Denne,  Henry. 

Dantz,  or  Dans,  John  Andrew. 

Gunning,  Peter,  D.D. 

Emlyn,  Thomas. 

Houghton,  Aylmar. 

Gale,  John,  D.D.. 

Pearson,  Edward. 

Smith,  John. 

Ives,  Jeremy. 

Bingham,  Joseph. 

Florentine,  Hieron. 

Fleetwood,  William. 

Lawson,  Thomas ; 

Gaudy,  Henry,  M.A. 

Corrie,  John,  or  Corrozet,  Gilles. 

Laurence,  R. 

An  vers,  Henry  D' 

Mayo,  Daniel,  M.A. 

Grantham,  Sir  Thomas. 

Williams,  John. 

1 

Ba 


CYCLOPAEDIA. 


45 


Brett,  Thomas,  LL.D. 
Stebbing,  Henry,  D.D. 
C autre  11,  Henry. 
Justin,  the  philosopher. 
Borget,  Samuel. 
Rothwell,  Edward. 
Cuperiolus,  Aug. 
Gauldus,  Gabriel. 
Bessel,  Godfrey  de. 
Trapp,  Joseph,'  D.D. 
Silvester,  Tipping,  M.A. 
Burroughes,  Joseph. 
Bradbury,  Thomas. 
Bu]kley,or  Bulkeley,  Charles. 
Clayton,  Robert. 
Moodv,  James. 
Taylor,  John,  D.D. 
Penn,  William. 
Fothergill,  Samuel. 
Relly,  James. 
Walker,  Samuel,  A.B. 
Brown,  John. 
Biglaud,  Ralph,  Esq. 
Huddleston,  John. 
Addington,  Stephen,  D.D. 
Barker,  Thomas. 
Stennett,  Samuel,  D.D. 
Johnson,  John. 
Courcy,  Richard  de. 
Jenkins,  Joseph,  D.E. 
Pathey,  Richard,  D.D. 
Carter,  John. 
Wakefield,  Gilbert,  A.B. 
Moffat,  Rev.  J.  M. 
Kirkpatrick,  H. 
Toulmin,  Joshua,  D.D. 
Applesxrath,  Robert. 
Duke,AViniam,  LL.B. 
Pirie,  Alexander. 
Robinson,  Rev.  Robert. 
Miller,  William. 
Kinghorn,  Joseph. 
Martin,  John. 
Mather,  Cotton,  D.D. 
Pearson,  Edward,  B.D. 
Tirwhitt,  Robert,  M.A. 
Edwards,  Peter. 
Macrae,  David,  M.A. 


Wortlake,  Thomas. 

Burham,  Richard. 

Dobell,  Joseph. 

Evans,  Rev.  John,  M.A. 

Harm,  J. 

Hutton,  George,  B.D. 

Morris,  Rev.  John,  M.A. 

Scott,  John,  M.A. 

Posthelwaite,  Richard. 

Miller,  William. 

Towerson,  Gabriel. 

Innes,  Rev.  William. 

Marsh,  Herbert,  D.D. 

Lawrence,  Richard,  LL.D. 

Biddulph,  Rev.  Thomas. 

Pott,  Rev.  Jo.?epli  Holden,  M.A. 

Morgan,  Hector  Davies,  M.A. 

Araalarius,  Fortunatus. 

BuUinger,  Henry. 

Coleyne,  Archbishop  of. 

Coverdale,  Miles,  or  Myles,  D.D. 

Cratoaldus,  A'alent. 

Fowler,  Christopher. 

Haldane.  James  A. 

Hall,  Rev.  Robert,  M.A. 

Hardy,  Robert. 

Harrison,  Richard. 

Mulham,  Rev.  John. 

Musculus,  Wolfgangus. 

Palmer,  John. 

Panvinius,  Oniphrius. 

Smith,  Richard,  D.D. 

Stevens,  John. 

Waldgrave,  Robert. 

Under  the  Art.  Books  in  this 
work  will  be  found  the  most  full 
and  complete  list  of  authors  on  the 
baptismal  question  ever  yet  pub- 
lished, by  several  hundred  names. 
See  also  a  catalogue  more  full  un- 
der P^DOBAPTisT,  also.  Articles, 
Infant  Baptism,  Anabaptism,  Bap- 
tism, Anabaptist,  and  Baptism, 
in  this  work. 

BAYLE,  Peter,  born  at  Carla, 
a  small  town  in  the  county  of  Foix, 
betwixt  Pamiers  and  Rieux,  18th 
November,  1647,  died  2Sth  Decern- 


46 


Ba 


HAYNES"  BAPTIST 


Ba 


ber,  1706,  and  was  buried  in  the 
French  church  at  Rotterdam.  Of 
his  works,  that  which  has  made 
him  universally  known  in  the  re- 
public of  letters  is  his  "  Diction- 
ary Historical  and  Critical."  The 
edition  before  us  is  that  of  Mr.  Des 
Maizeaux,  printed  at  London, 
MDccxxxiv.  It  is  in  5  vols,  folio, 
making  upwards  of  4000  pages. 
Maizeaux  says  : — "  Besides  the 
editions  of  1697  and  1702,  which 
he  published  himself,  it  was  print- 
ed at  Geneva  in  1715,  at  Rotter- 
dam in  1720,  at  Amsterdam  in 
1730,  and  is  just  now  reprinted  in 
France,  so  that  there  have  been 
six  impressions  of  it,  in  six  and 
thirty  years ;  an  honour  which 
perhaps  was  never  done  to  any 
other  book  of  such  a  bulk.  To 
these  editions  may  be  added  the 
English  Translation,  published  in 
1710.  The  article  in  this  work 
under  the  title  "Anabaptists,"  with 
the  Comment  and  Notes  is  valuable, 
not  so  much  for  its  historical  cor- 
rectness, or  true  account  either  of 
the  origin,  history,  or  doctrines  and 
practices  of  the  Anabaptists  or  Bap- 
tists, as  for  the  notice  of  books  and 
authors  most  against  them,  but 
some  by  them.  Seized  with  the 
madness  peculiar  to  nearly  all  Pe- 
doptist  authors,  especially  in  his 
times,  he  begins  at  Munster,  and 
takes  the  heads  of  all  the  legend 
ary  stories  of  the  calumniators 
without  discrimination.  We  shall 
quote  this  article  extensively  here 
on  three  heads,  and  in  our  history 
on  another.  He  says  (vol.  1,  p. 
208)  "  The  books  which  have  been 
written  against  this  sect,  and  against 
its  doctrines  are  'innumerable."  This 
was  published  1697.  In  note  (k) 
same  page,  he  says  :  I  have  pointed 
out  some  in  note  (c)."     Note    ("  c") 


refers  to  Munster,  and  he  notices 
books  which  give  accounts  of  the 
Anabaptists  there.  He  says  :  "  See 
particularly  the  letter  written  to 
Ei'asmus  by  Conrad  Heresbacliias 
(he  was  Governor  of  the  sons  of 
Duke  of  Cleves,  afterwards  Coun- 
sellor to  the  Duke,  and  was  at 
the  seige  of  Munster)  in  the  year 
1536,  and  which  was  printed  at 
Amsterdam,  in  the  year  1637,  cum 
Hijpomnematis  de  notis  Theologicis, 
Historicis,  ac  Politicis,  Theodori 
Strackii,  Pastoris  Pudericensis. 
See  likewise  Lambert  Hortensius  s 
book,  De  Tumultibus  Anabaptista- 
rum,  that  of  John  Wigand,  De 
Anabaptismo  Publicato,  and  the  re- 
lation of  Henry  Dorpius,  a  citizen 
of  Munster,  published  in  the  year 
1536  !"  This  note  ("  c")  is  on  page 
286,  vol.  1.  There  is  added  to  it  a 
note  over  "  Rem.  Crit."  which  in- 
dicates that  it  was  contributed  by 
the  critics  to  his  original  publisher 
of  the  first  edition,  and  with  his 
consent  inserted  in  the  second  edi- 
tion. It  is  as  follows  :  "  Mr.  Bayle 
has  omitted,  through  inadvertence, 
I  believe,  a  Latin  Heroic  Poem,  in 
two  books,  composed  by  Herman 
Kerscnbroech,  recited  by  the  author 
in  a  full  assembly  of  the  university 
of  Cologne,  in  the  year  1445,  in 
8vo.  This  piece  is  dedicated  to  the 
Bishop  of  Munster  and  Osnaburg, 
Francis,  Count  of  Waldeck;  and 
the  title  is :  Belli  Monasterienis 
contra  Anabaptistica,  Monstra  Ges- 
ti  brevis  atque  succincta  descriptio." 
Two  things  are  worthy  of  remark 
upon  the  notes  ;  1.  That  101  years 
elapsed  between  the  date  of  the 
Heresbachius  letter  to  Erasmus  and 
its  jjublication,  which  leaves  room 
for  doubt  and  suspicion  as  to  its 
complete  authenticity,  and  freedom 
from  interpolations,  if  not  a  pious 


Ba 


CYCLOPiEDIA. 


47 


fraud.  2.  The  date  of  the  Latin 
Poem  above  is  fixed  at  1445.  If 
so,  the  Anabaptists  date  80  years 
prior  to  the  Mini  titer  atlair,  and  the 
poem  Avas  rather  a  prophecy.  We 
have  the  date  as  it  is  printed.  It 
may  be  typographically  in  error, 
placing  1445  for  1545,  or  1645. 
This  however  will  be  noticed  in 
another  place  in  our  history,  under 
head  of  1445,  or  perhaps  under 
Art.  Kersenbroeck  in  this  volume. 
AA'e  refer  back  to  the  continuation 
of  •'  Note  (K)"  above  quoted,  page 
291,  vol.  1.  He  continues — •'Her- 
man Modaeits  wrote  a  book  De 
in  it  lis  Sectne  Anahaptistica.  An- 
drew Meshovius  wrote  in  Latin,  An 
History  of  the  Anabaptists.  An 
anonymous  author  published,  in 
Dutch,  The  Anabaptist  Succession, 
printed  at  Cologne,  in  the  year 
1603.  There  is  likewise  a  book  in 
Dutch,  De  Origine  ct  Progressu 
Sectarum  inter  Anabaptistas.  Mr. 
Ottius,  professor  at  Zurich,  compil- 
ed the  Annals  of  this  Sect,  down 
to  the  year  1671.  All  these  works 
are  taken  notice  of,  either  by  Horn- 
beck  (in  Suuinia  Controversiarum), 
or  by  Micraelius  (in  Syntagmate 
Histor.  Eccles,)  or  by  8panheim(i\\ 
Elencho  Controversarium.)  I  do 
not  iind  that  they  mention  a  book, 
which  Cassander  describes  after 
this  manner :  "  De  Origine  vero 
hujus  Anabaptisticae  Secta,  ej us- 
que Progressu,  and  quae  ex  hoc  ca- 
pite  monstra  quam  varia  et  ab- 
surda  atque  inter  se  pugnant  pro- 
dierunt,  luculente,  copiose,  Sum- 
niaque  cum  fide  scripsit  Nicolaus 
Blesdick,  qui,  quod  aliquando  hu- 
jusmodi  errore  per  imperitiam  aeta- 
tis  deceptus  fuerit,  eo  nunc  instruct- 
or &  vehementior  est  in  iis  errori- 
bus  refellendis,  id  quod  ei  cum  B. 
Augustino  est.  (G. Cassander,  Epist. 


Dedicat,Tractat  de  Baptismo  Infan- 
tium.  As  to  the  Origin  and  Progress 
of  this  sect,  with  the  various  absurd 
and  discordant  monsters  which  it 
'has  produced,  they  hare  been  clear/t/, 


fully,  and  faith  fully  described  bi/  Tii 
colas  Blesdick.  who  ha  ring  been  for- 
merly deceivedby  this  error,  through 
the  unskilljuhiess  ofijouth,  was  the 
better  ciualijied,  and  tlie  more  eager 
to  oppose  it ;  a  circumstance  com- 
mon to  him  with  St.  Austin.'^ 
Hornbeck  mentions  only  an  history 
of  David  George,  composed  by 
Nicolas  Blesdick,  son-in-law  of  this 
David,  and  published  by  Revius. 
(Hornbeck  Summa  Controv.,  p. 
373.)  An  History  of  the  Anabap- 
tists in  French,  was  published  at 
Amsterdam,  in  1695,  and  one  more 
ample  in  1700.  The  Authors  who 
have  wrote  against  them  are 
Zwinglius,  Luther,  Calvin,  Melanc- 
thon,  Oecolampadius,  Urbain  Re- 
gius, Justus  Menius,  Bullinger, 
John  Lascus,  Guy  De  Bres,  Taffi- 
nus,  Hunnius,  Osiander,  Clopper- 
bourg,  Spanheim,  and  several 
others,  whom  it  would  be  tedious 
to  recount.  (Hornbeck  Summa 
Controv.  p.  394,  and  John  Vaget 
in  the  Thesis  ivhich  he  maintained 
at  Wittemburg  in  1688,  de  Secta 
\Mennoritarum.)  But  I  must  not 
forget  a  book  caUed  Babel,  publish- 
ed in  the  year  1621,  by  Herman 
I  Faukelius,\\\im?^tQx  of  Middlcbourg, 
and  one  of  the  fathers  of  the 
Synod  of  Dort.  He  shows  in  this 
work,  the  prodigious  variety  of 
opinions  which  prevails  among  the 
Anabaptists.  The  latter  appealed 
from  him  to  a  Confession  of  Faith 
which  they  published  in  1624,  at 
Amsterdam.  They  made  reprisals, 
for  they  published  a  Babel  of 
PcBdobaptists.  .  {Those  who  hold 
Infant  Baptism.)     The  Author  of 


48 


Ba 


HAYNES'  BAPTIST 


it  was  Antony  Jacob,  (an  Anabap- 
tist teacher  and  physician  at  Am- 
sterdam.) Observe  that,  at  first, 
they  wrote  but  few  books,  at  length 
they  produced  several  authors,  and 
published  many  books,  some  didac- 
tic, or  historical,  others  polemical. 
They  printed  at  Horn,  in  1624,  A 
Confession  of  Faith,  which  they 
confirmed  by  passages  of  Scripture, 
and  other  authorities.  At  the  end 
of  twelve  years,  they  published 
another  (at  Dort)  to  show  the 
agreement  of  their  sentiments. 
There  have  appeared  Jl^jo/og  ira /or 
their  Confessions;  likewise  Cate- 
chisms and  Manuals  of  Religion. 
They  refute  the  Declaration  of 
Zurich,  1644.  Abraham  de  David, 
(he  prefixes  three  initial  letters, 
G.  V.  V.  i.e.  Gerard  Vryhurg,  Hot- 
tingeri.  Biblioth.  Theolog.)  One 
of  them  published  a  book,  the  same 
year,  against  a  minister  of  Haer- 
lem  named  Bontemps,  entituled 
"  Smegna  Holandicum  contra  mas- 
culas  quas  P.  Bontemps  Mennon- 
itis  Adspersit.  The  Dutch  soaji 
against  the  Aspersions  which  Peter 
Bontemps  has  thrown  upon  the 
Mennonites.  The  same  minister 
was  attacked  in  other  works ;  in 
the  Absterio  Accusationuni  gravium 
Petri  Bontemps,  facta  per  P.  V.  K. 
1643;  the  Confutatio  argumento- 
runi  quibus  P.  Bontetnps  probare 
conatur,  Anabaptistas  injuriosos 
esse  in  Deum  et  Homines,  1643. 
The  Sporgia  ad  abluendas  Macu- 
las  Petri  Bonteinjjs  contra  certam 
AnabaptistarumSectam;  TheJodici 
Henrici  Lixivium  contra  ejusdem 
maculas ;  and  the  Probatio  Lixivii 
D.  Bontemps  ubi  per  G.  V.  V.  fidei 
potissimuin  Authoris  ^  Methodus 
agendi  Solicitatur.  (^Biblioth.  Theo- 
log.)— Bayle's  Dictionary  Histori- 
cal Sf  Critical  Des  Maizeauz  edition 


Lond.  1734,  Vol.  1,  Art.  Anabap- 
tists, J).  289.  On  page  288  he  says  : 
"  The  Protestant  Divines  have 
zealously  opposed  tliis  sect  in  the 
United  Provinces,  and  have  obtained 
several  edicts  to  restrain  it."  Let 
it  be  observed  here,  that  neither 
Bayle  nor  any  before  him  (1697) 
ever  thought  of  regarding  the  Ana- 
baptists, or,  as  BuUinger  first  call- 
ed them,  Baptists,  either  as  Pro- 
testants or  Reformers.  They  re- 
garded the  Papists,  and  Anabap- 
tists, and  Pagans,  as  three  sides  of 
a  triangle,  within  the  lines  of  which 
no  Protestant,  Reformer  or  Christ- 
ian could  find  any  thing  whatever 
that  was  not  inimical  to  the  Pro- 
testant Reformation,  and  hoped 
that  Luther  and  his  cotemporary 
reformers  would,  in  removing  Po- 
pery, do  so  fully  and  not  stop  half- 
way between  Popery  and  Anabapt- 
ism,  or  Baptist  Apostolical  ground. 
In  this  they  were  sadly  disappoint- 
ed, nor  were  the  Protestant  Re- 
formers less  chagrined  when  their 
vain  hope  of  bringing  the  Anabap- 
tists half  way  from  Apostolical 
Christianity  towards  Rome,  under 
the  leadership  of  Luther  and  Zuing- 
lius,  Calvin,  Bullinger,  Oecolampi- 
dius,  and  their  confederates  failed. 
Bayle  says  ("  Note  H,"  vol.  1.  p. 
288,)  "  They  have  often  challenged 
the  Anabaptists  to  disputation. 
The  Synod  of  Horn  passed  an  Act 
hereupon,  and  even  had  recourse 
to  the  authority  of  the  Governor. 
"  Ecclesiae  nostrae  semper  bonum 
ac  utile  censuerunt,  Adversarios  ad 
Disputationem  &  Colloquare  pro- 
vocare.  Synodus  Hornana,  a. 
CIO  10  Lxxx,  &  a.  CIO  10  lxxxvi,  im- 
plorata  euin  in  finem  Guberna- 
toris  Theod.  Sonnoyi  auctoritate — 
decernit  provocandum  &c.  (He 
places   the    Synod    of    1576   after 


Ba 


CYCLOPAEDIA. 


Ba 


49 


that  of  1580.)  Three  or  four  Syn- 
ods passed  the  like  Acts  before  the 
end  of  the  XVIth  century.  The 
Churches  thoufjht  proper,  in  the 
year  lo99,  to  compose  a  work  com- 
prehending a  body  of  Anabaptist 
Controversies.  Arminius,  Minister 
of  Amsterdam,  undertook  it  and 
began  it ;  but  laid  it  aside  when 
he  was  made  Professor  of  Divinity 
at  Leijden,  and  alleged  the  reasons 
in  the  Synod  of  Alcmaer  in  1605, 
why  he  could  not  go  on  with  sixch 
a  work.  The  Synod  of  Enchuyse, 
in  the  year  1624,  employed  two 
ministers  to  examine  the  confes- 
sions of  the  Mennonites.  One  of 
them  being  left  alone  in  1826,  de- 
manded a  new  partner ;  the  Synod 
of  Amsterdam,  in  1628,  appointed 
Dorestaar  to  be  his  assistant.  They 
applied  themselves  diligently  to 
their  commission,  and  published  a 
very  good  book  in  Dutch,  in  the  year 
1637.  It  is  a  body  of  AnabajJtist  Con- 
troversies, in  which  the  variations 
of  this  sect  are  exactly  distinguish- 
ed. The  author  who  tells  us  these 
particulars  observes,  that  the  Chur- 
ches, in  conjunction  with  the  secu- 
lar arm,  took  care  that  this  sect 
should  not  increase;  they  stand 
sentinel,  sai/s  he,  to  check  it,  if  it 
produces  new  branches,  or  attempts 
to  exceed  its  bounds.  Pro  coercen- 
dis  aut  nooiter  puUuJantibus  aut 
sua  pomaeria  extendentibus  juxta 
cum  Politicis  Ecclesiae  vigilant. 
(Hornbeck,  Summa  Controvers. 
p.  391.)  He  adds,  that  the  Synod 
of  Friesland  is  perpetually  solicit- 
ing the  States  of  that  Province  to 
revive  the  Edict,  which  was  pub- 
lished against  the  Anabaptists  in 
the  year  1598  ;  and  that  they  press 
the  execution  of  it,  with  regard  to 
the  new  Assemblies,  and  new 
Places  of  Worship,  which  this  sect 


!  has  ventured  to  set  up.  He  adds 
I  farther,  that  it  being  discovered 
I  that  the  Synod  of  the  Anabaptists 
held  at  Haerlem,  in  the  month  of 
jJuly,  1649,  had  set  up  several  new 
I  Congregations,  it  behoved  the  or- 
j  thodox  Pastors  to  restrain,  by  some 
j  measure  or  other,  these  innovations, 
!  and  the  rather  as  they  were  author- 
!ized  to  do  so  by  an  Edict  of  the 
[year  1651,  by  which  their  High 
Mightinesses  decree,  that  the  sects 
should  be  restrained,  and  not  suf- 
fered to  spread.  Sectas  Cohiben- 
dasetin  Ordinein  religendas  neque 
permittendurn  ut  inpluraloca  quam 
nodie  sunt  diffudantur. — (Horn- 
bekius  in  Summa  Controversia,  p. 
392.)  After  the  same  manner,  the 
Protestants,  in  France,  were  forbid 
all  places  of  Religious  Worship, 
which  they  could  not  prove  they 
were  in  possession  of,  at  the  time 
of  the  Edicts.  See  Voetiuss  PoU- 
tica  Ecclesiastica,  Book  4,  part  1,  p. 
538,)  in  which  he  examines, 
whether  this  sect  ought  to  be  toler- 
ated ;  he  distinguishes  upon  it ; 
but,  generally  speaking,  he  inclines 
most  to  the  negative."  (Hornbeck, 
Summa  Controvers.,  is  quoted  as 
authority  for  the  above,  p.  394, 
395,  396,  391,  392,)  Bayle's  Die. 
vol.  1,  p.  288.  See  Arts.  Cassan- 
DER,  De  Bres,  Ottius,  Beuning, 
and  references  from  them,  in  this 
work,  also  Moreri  &  Prateolus. 

BARROW,  David,  a  Baptist 
minister,  first  in  Virginia,  and  after- 
wards inJKentucky ;  died  in  1814, 
aged  about  75  years.  He  began 
to  preach  in  Brunswick  County, 
Virginia,  about  1771,  and  was  pas- 
tor successively  of  South  Quay, 
Mill-swamp,  and  Black  Creek 
churches  in  Virginia,  and  over 
others  in  Kentucky,  to  which  he 
removed  in  1797.  He  was  in  Keku- 


50 


Ba 


HAYNES'  BAPTIST 


Ba 


kee,  Portsmouth,  and  other  Associ- 
ations. In  Nanseniond  river,  near 
the  mouth  of  James  river,  lie  and 
one  of  his  brethren  in  the  ministry 
were  taken  from  the  place  of  preach- 
iiig  by  a  company  of  enemies  of 
the  Baptists,  and  after  singing  pro- 
fane songs  in  mockery,  they  ducked 
Mr.  Barrow  twice  in  water  and 
mud,  and  nearly  drowned,  and 
otherwise  inliumanly  treated  him 
as  was  also  his  friend.  The  women 
of  the  congregation  were  over- 
whelmed with  fright.  The  mob 
consisted  of  about  18  Episcopalians. 
After  this  indignity  they  forced 
Mr.  Barrow  and  his  fellow-laborer 
to  depart,  wet  and  muddy.  The 
providential  judgment  of  God 
caused  the  death  of  several  of  these 
stout  men  in  a  few  weeks,  impre- 
cating God's  vengeance  upon  them. 
Mr.  Barrow  was  favorable  to  the 
cause  of  domestic  missions,  the 
support  of  the  ministry  by  the 
churches,  and  liberality  and  im- 
provement among  Christians.  In 
Kentucky  he  was  identified  with 
the  Baptists,  who  styled  themselves 
"  Friends  to  Humanity  or  Emanci- 
pators," which  was  unfortunate, 
and  gave  both  him  and  his  breth- 
ren trouble  on  his  account.  His 
varied  gifts  and  talents  were  scarce- 
ly excelled  in  Virginia  or  else- 
where, and  rendered  him  popular 
and  extensively  useful,  but  above 
all  his  piety  inspired  his  eloquence 
by  the  power  of  a  godly  life.  Tay- 
lor's Lives,  Va.  Bap.  Min'^.  p.  155, 
157. 

BAMPFIELD,  Francis,  author 
of  1.  His  judgment  for  observation 
of  the  Jewish  Sabbath,  with  Mr. 
Ben's  Answer.  Lond.  1672. — 2. 
All  in  One,  ail  useful  sciences  and 
profitable  Arts,  in  one  book  of  Je- 
hovah Aelshim,  2  parts.  Lond.  1677, 


fol. — 3.  Historical  Declaration  of 
the  Life  of  Spin  Asher.  Lond.  1681, 
fol. — 4.  Grammatical  opening  of 
some  Hebrew  words  in  the  Bible. 
BiBLioTHECA  Britannica.  A  luore 
complete  list  is  given  by  Walter 
Wilson,  in  his  History  of  Dissent- 
ing Churches,  vol.  ii.  p.  591,  in  a 
note.  "  Works. — 1.  His  Judgment 
for  the  Observation  of  the  Jewish, 
or  Seventh-day  Sabbath  ;  with  his 
Reasons,  and  Scriptures  for  the 
same.  In  a  Letter  to  Mr.  William 
Ben,  of  Dorchester.  1672,  and 
1677.  Bvo. 

2.  The  Open  Confessor  and  the 
True  Prisoner  ;  a  Sheet  written  in 
Salisbury  Jail.  1675. 

3.  All  in  One  :  All  useful  Scien- 
ces and  profitable  Arts,  in  one  Book 
of  Jeliovah-Aelohn,  copied  out,  and 
commented  on  in  created  Beings, 
comprehended  and  discovered  in 
Fullness  of  Perfection  of  Scripture- 
knowledge.  1677.  Folio. 

4.  A  Name  and  a  New  One:  or 
an  Historical  Declaration  of  Life, 
especially  as  to  some  eminent  Pas- 
sages relating  to  his  Call  to  the 
Ministry.  1681. 

5.  The  House  of  Wisdom :  The 
House  of  the  Sons  of  the  Prophets, 
An  House  of  exquisite  inquiry,  and 
of  deep  research  ;  where  the  mind 
of  Jehovah- Aeloim  in  the  Holy 
Scripture  of  Truth,  in  the  Original 
words  and  Phrases,  and  their  pro- 
per Significancy,  is  diligently 
studied,  faithfully  compared,  and 
aptly  put  together  for  the  further 
promoting  and  higher  advancing  of 
Scripture-Knowledge,  of  all  useful 
Arts,  and  profitable  Sciences,  in 
the  Book  of  Books,  the  Word  of 
Christ,  copied  out  and  commented 
upon  in  created  Beings.  1681. 

6.  The  Free  Prisoner:  A  Letter 
written  from  Newgate.  1683. 


Ba 


CYGLOPiEDIA 


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51 


7.  A  just  Appeal  from  lower 
Courts  on  Earth,  to  the  highest 
Court  in  Heaven.   1683. 

8.  A  Continuation  of  the  for- 
mer just  Appeal.  1783. 

9.  A  grammatical  Opening  of 
some  Hebrew  words  and  Phrases  in 
the  beginning  of  the  Bible.  1684. 

"  This  pious  confessor,"  says 
Walter  Wilson,  "  descended  of  an 
ancient  and  honourable  family  at 
Portimon,  in  Devonshire,  and  was 
born  about  the  year  1614.  Being 
designed  for  the  ministry  fi-om  his 
birth,  in  which  his  own  inclination 
concurred,  he  was  sent  at  sixteen 
years  of  age,  to  Wadham  College, 
Oxford,  where  he  entered  as  com- 
moner, in  1631,  and  in  1638  took 
his  degree  in  Ai'ts.  Upon  leaving 
the  university,  he  received  orders 
in  the  Church  of  England,  being 
ordained  deacon  by  Bishop  Hall, 
and  presbyter  by  Bishop  Skinner. 
Soon  afterwards  he  was  preferred 
to  a  living  in  Dorsetshire,  of  the 
yearly  value  of  one  hundred  pounds. 
There  he  took  great  pains  in  the 
instruction  of  his  people,  and  in 
the  promotion  of  true  religion. 
Having  a  small  annuity  of  his  own, 
what  income  he  derived  from  his 
living,  he  spent  in  acts  of  charity, 
by  giving  Bibles  and  other  good 
books  to  his  parishioners ;  setting 
the  poor  to  work ;  and  relieving 
the  necessities  of  those  who  were 
disabled ;  not  suffering  a  single 
beggar  in  his  whole  parish.  At 
the  beginning  of  the  civil  wars 
Mr.  Bampfield  was  a  zealous  loy- 
alist ;  insomuch  that  he  hesitated 
about  the  propriety  of  paying  taxes 
imposed  by  the  parliament.  He 
appears  also  to  have  been  a  zealous 
Conformist,  and  read  publickly  the 
Common-prayer  longer  than  any 
other  minister  in  Dorsetshire.    For 


this  his  zeal,  he  was  rewarded  with 
a  prebend  intlie  Cathedral  of  Exe- 
ter, to  which  he  was  coMated,  loth 
May,  1647.  At  length,  however, 
he  began  to  see  that  the  Church  of 
England  needed  reformation  in 
doctrine,  worship,  and  discipline, 
and  as  became  a  faithful  minister, 
set  about  it  heartily,  making  the 
laws  of  Christ  his  only  rule.  But 
he  met  with  much  trouble  and  op- 
position. Wood  intimates  that 
Mr.  Baxter  was  the  means  of  gain- 
ing him  over  to  the  parliament.  In 
16-53,  he  took  the  engagement. 
Soon  afterwards,  the  living  of  Sher- 
borne, in  the  same  county,  become 
vacant  by  the  death  of  Mr.  William 
Lyford,  he  was  earnestly  solicited 
by  the  parishioners  to  remove 
thither.  This  place  was  very  popu- 
lous.and  consequently  required  more 
labour,  though  the  income  was 
smaller.  But  as  there  was  a  pros- 
pect of  doing  more  good,  and  the 
people  were  very  urgent,  after 
waiting  two  years,  he  accepted  their 
call,  and  removed  thither  in  1655. 
Here  he  continued  with  universal 
acceptance,  as  well  as  great  suc- 
cess, till  the  Uniformity  Act  took 
place  ;  when  being  utterly  dissatis- 
tieil  with  the  conditions  it  imposed, 
he  took  leave  of  his  own  sorrow- 
ful congregation,  on  the  Lord's-day 
previous  to  Bartholomew-day,  1662. 
He  also  quitted  his  prebend  in 
Exeter  cathedral,  of  which  he  had 
been  deprived  by  the  parliament, 
but  he  became  repossessed  by  the 
Restoration. 

Mr.  Bampfield's  former  charac- 
ter for  loyalty,  his  opposition  to  the 
parliament,  and  to  Oliver  Crom- 
well, proved  now  no  sort  of  protec- 
tion to  him ;  but  he  suffered  more 
on  account  of  non-conformity  than 
most  other  Dissenters.     Soon  after 


52 


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HAYNES'  BAPTIST 


Ba 


his  ejectment,  he  was  apprehended 
and  imprisoned  for  worshipping 
God  in  his  own  family.  During 
his  confinement  he  experienced  se- 
veral instances  of  injustice  and  cru- 
elty, of  which  a  particular  account 
may  be  seen  in  the  "  Conformist's 
Plea  for  the  Nonconformists."  (See 
Conlbrmist's  fourth  Plea,  p.  46.) 
Mr.  Bampfield  afterwards  suffered 
eight  years  imprisonment  in  Dor- 
chester jail,  which  he  bore  with 
remakable  patience  and  cour- 
age. In  the  prison  he  preached 
almost  every  day,  and  success  at- 
tending his  labors,  he  gathered  a 
church  there.  Upon  his  discharge 
in  1675,  he  went  about  preaching 
the  gospel  in  several  counties ;  but 
for  this  crime  he  was  soon  appre- 
hended again  in  Wiltshire,  and 
imprisoned  at  Salisbury ;  where 
on  account  of  a  fine,  he  continued 
eighteen  weeks.  During  this  time 
he  wrote  a  letter,  which  was 
printed,  containing  an  account  of 
his  imprisonment,  and  the  joy  he 
experienced  in  his  sufferings  for 
Christ.  "At  length,"  (says  Mr. 
Wood,)  "  retiring  to  London,  the 
common  refuge  of  such  people,  he 
preached  in  conventicles  there, 
was  several  times  committed  upon 
that  account,  and  continued  a  pri- 
soner for  about  the  last  ten  years 
of  his  life.  He  was  always  a  per- 
son strangely  fickle  and  unsteady 
in  his  judgment,  that  he  was  first 
a  Churchman,  then  a  Presbyterian, 
afterwards  an  Independent,  or  at 
least  a  side  with  them,  an  Ana- 
baptist, and  at  length  almost  a 
complete  Jew,  and  what  not.  He 
was  also  enthusiastical  and  cant- 
ing, that  he  did  almost  craze  and 
distract  many  of  his  disciples  by 
his  amazing  and  frightful  dis- 
courses."     (See    Wood's   Athenae 


Oxoniensis,  vol.  2,  p.  755.)  This 
railing  caricature  is  in  perfect  keep- 
ing with  the  spirit  of  Wood  when- 
ever he  comes  to  notice  any  who 
dissented  from  his  views,  especially 
Baptists.  Mr.  Bampfield,  by  the 
most  natural  process,  on  beginning 
to  see  the  false  foundation  of  Epis- 
copacy, went  step  by  step  from 
Presbytery  to  Independency,  and 
as  necessarily  became  a  Baptist; 
as  to  his  Judaism,  he  was  a  7th 
day  Baptist.  Mr.  Wilson  says, 
"  the  candid  reader  will  make  all 
due  allowances  for  the  distorted 
picture  drawn  of  this  good  man, 
by  the  Oxford  libeller.  We  see 
so  much  of  his  abusive  language 
that  it  becomes  rather  the  object 
of  contempt  than  of  serious  confu- 
tation; After  his  removal  to  Lon- 
don, Mr.  Bampfield  preached  pri- 
vately several  years  with  great 
success  ;  and  gathered  a  congrega- 
tion that  met  on  the  seventh  day, 
first  at  Devonshire  Square,  and 
then  at  Pinner's  Hall.  Here  also 
persecution  followed  him.  On  the 
17th  of  February,  1682,  a  consta- 
ble and  several  men  with  halberts, 
rushed  into  the  meeting-house 
while  he  was  preaching,  and  or- 
dered him  in  the  King's  name  to 
come  down.  He  answered  that 
he  was  discharging  his  oflice  in 
the  name  of  the  King  of  kings. 
The  constable  telling  him  that  he 
had  a  warrant  from  the  Lord 
Mayor,  Mr.  Bampfield  replied,  "  I 
have  a  warrant  from  Christ  who  is 
Lord  Maximus,  to  go  on,"  and  so 
proceeded  in  his  discourse.  The 
constable  then  desired  one  of  the 
officers  to  pull  him  down  ;  when 
he  repeated  his  text.  Isa  Ixiii.  4. 
The  day  of  vengeance  is  in  his 
heart,  and  the  year  of  his  redeetned 
ones  is  come ;   adding,  "  He   will 


Ba 


CYCLOPEDIA. 


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53 


pull  down  his  enemies."  They 
then  seized  him  and  took  him  with 
six  others,  before  the  Lord  Mayor, 
who  fined  several  of  them  ten 
pounds,  and  desired  Mr.  Bampfield 
to  be  gone.  In  the  afternoon  they 
met  with  a  fresh  disturbance  in 
the  same  place.  An  officer,  though 
not  without  trembling,  seized  Mr. 
Bampfield,  and  led  him  into  the 
street ;  but  the  constable  having 
no  warrant  dismissed  him,  and  he 
finished  the  service  in  his  own 
house.  On  the  24th  of  the  same 
month,  he  was  again  taken  from 
his  pulpit.  Pinner's  Hall,  and  led 
through  the  streets  with  his  Bible 
in  his  hand  ;  great  multitudes  fol- 
lowing him,  and  some  saying : 
"  See  how  he  walks  with  the  Bi- 
ble in  his  hand  like  one  of  the  old 
martyrs."  The  session  then  sitting, 
he  was  p^^t  to  the  bar,  and  after 
examination,  committed  to  New- 
gate. After  his  liberation,  Mr. 
Bampfield  returned  to  his  work  as 
usual ;  and  on  the  17th  of  March, 
1683,  with  several  other  persons, 
was  committed  again  to  Newgate 
for  refusing  the  oaths  of  allegiance 
and  supremacy.  At  the  ensuing 
Old  Bailey  session,  they  were  all 
indicted,  tried,  and  by  direction  of 
the  judge  ibund  guilty.  On  the 
28th  of  the  same  month,  they  were 
brought  to  the  bar  to  receive  sen- 
tence, which  the  Recorder,  after 
aggravating  their  offence,  and  ca.st- 
ing  reflection  upon  scruples  of  con- 
science, read  as  follows  :  "  That 
they  were  out  of  the  protection  of 
the  King's  Majesty  ;  that  all  their 
goods  and  chattels  were  forfeited 
during  life  ;  that  they  were  to  re- 
main in  jail  during  their  lives  or 
during  the  King's  pleasure."  Upon 
this  Mr.  Bampfield  would  have 
spoken,  but  there  was  a  great  out- 


cry, "Away  with  them,  put  them 
away  from  the  bar,  we  will  not 
hear  them."  While  they  were  thus 
thrusting  them  away,  Mr.  Bamp- 
field said,  "  The  righteous  Lord 
loveth  righteousness,  the  Lord  be 
judge  in  this  case"  They  were 
then  re-taken  to  Newgate,  after 
being  kept  ten  hours  in  the  bail- 
dock,  a  cold  and  loathsome  place, 
where  they  received  great  injury. 
Mr.  Bampfield  being  of  a  tender 
constitution,  could  not  long  euJare 
the  hardships  to  which  he  was  ex- 
posed ;  but  quickly  fell  a  sacrifice 
to  the  barbarities  of  those  in  power  : 
being  as  much  a  martyr  for  the 
faith  of  Christ,  as  any  of  those  con- 
fessors who  suSered  under  the  hea- 
then emperors,  in  the  early  ages  of 
the  Christian  Church.  Of  what 
sort  of  materials  must  that  church 
be  composed  which  could  sanction 
such  proceedings  ?  Surely  the 
blood  of  this  righteous  man  will  be 
required  of  some  one  ;  and  tremen- 
dously awful  will  be  the  retribu- 
tion !  How  will  the  bishops  and 
judges  of  those  times,  and  how 
will  their  "  most  religious  and  gra- 
cious King,"  (as  saitli  the  Liturgy 
of  the  Church  of  England,)  appear 
in  that  day,  when  tlie  earth  shall 
discluse  her  blood  :  ivhen  the  Lord 
maketh  inquisition  for  blood,  he  re- 
metnbereth  them :  He  will  avenge 
the  blood  of  his  Saints  ! 

Our  faithful  martyr  was  trans- 
lated to  heaven  on  Saturday,  16th 
day  of  February,  1683-4.  His  age 
was  lengthened  out  to  the  full 
period  allotted  to  man  ;  the  days 
of  his  pilgrimage  being  three-score 
years  and  ten.  His  body  was  in- 
terred amidst  a  vast  concourse  of 
spectators,  in  the  burial  ground 
behind  the  Baptist  meeting-house, 
Glass-house   yard,    Goswell-street. 


54 


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HAYNES'  BAPTIST 


Ba 


Mr.  Bainpfield  was  much  lamented 
by  his  fellow  prisoners;  as  well  as 
by  his  friends  in  general.  All  who 
knew  him  were  convinced  that  he 
was  a  man  of  serious  piety,  and 
deserved  a  better  treatment  than  he 
met  with.  He  was  a  man  of  great 
learning  and  judgment,  and  one  of 
the  most  celebrated  preachers  in 
the  West  of  England.  After  he 
became  a  Baptist,  and  a  Sabbata- 
rian, he  lost  much  of  his  reputation 
amongst  his  former  friends,  but 
preserved  his  integrity  to  the  last. 
His  works  discover  him  to  be  a 
man  of  considerable  abilities." 
Walter  Y/ilson's  History  of  Dis- 
senting Churches,  vol.  2,  p.  586- 
591.  Bibliotheca  Britannica. 
Athenae  Oxon. 

BAXTER,  Richard,  of  Kidder- 
minster, an  eminent  Nonconfor- 
mist Divine,  and  most  voluminous 
author,  was  born  in  Shropshire, 
1615  ;  died  1691.  His  earliest 
work  was  published  in  1638.  His 
numerous  works  with  a  life  have 
been  recently  reprinted  in  upwards 
of  twenty-six  large  8vo.  volumes. 
Those  coming  within  the  scope  of 
this  article,  are  :  1.  "  Scripture 
Proofs  of  Infants'  Church  Member- 
ship and  Baptism,  against  Mr. 
Tombes.  2.  Treatise  on  the  Sa- 
craments. Lond.  1657,  4to.  3. 
More  Proofs  for  Infants'  Right  to 
Baptism.  Lond.  1675.  4.  Review 
of  the  State  of  Christian  (?)  In- 
fants. Lond.  1676."  "  His  works 
on  Baptism,"  says  Benedict,  "  were 
so  frequent  and  severe,  that  he  ac- 
quired the  title  of  the  great  inaul 
of  the  Anabaptists.  Tombes  and 
D'Anvers  were  his  principal  oppo- 
nents. The  following  passage  in 
reply  to  D'Anvers  has  often  been 
quoted  by  succeeding  paedobaptist 
M'^riters  :    "  For  my  part,  I  cannot 


find,  in  my  small  reading,  that  any 
one  divine,  or  party  of  men,  did 
certainly  oppose  or  deny  infant 
baptism  for  many  hundred  years 
after  Christ.  And  again ;  that  the 
world  may  now  see  what  a  cause 
you  put  such  a  face  upon,  when 
you  cannot  bring  the  least  proof  of 
so  much  as  one  man  (much  less  of 
societies,  and  least  of  all  godly  so- 
cieties,) that  once  oppose  or  deny 
infant  baptism,  from  the  Apostles' 
days  till  about  Luther's  time.  And 
further,  I  am  fully  satisfied,  that 
you  can  not  show  me  any  society 
(I  think  not  one  man)  that  ever 
opened  their  mouths  against  the 
baptism  of  infants  till  about  two 
hundred  years  ago  or  thereabouts  ; 
which  confirms  me  much  that  it 
is  from  the  Apostles'  time,  or  else 
some  one  would  have  been  found 
as  an  opposer  of  it."  Baxter's 
Plain  Scripture  Proof  of  Infant 
Baptism,  pp.  157-261-266.  D'An- 
vers, p.  367.     Benedict,  p.  266. 

"  In  our  baptism,  we  are  dipped 
under  the  water,  as  signifying  our 
covenant  profession,  that  as  he  was 
buried  for  sin,  we  are  dead  and 
buried  to  sin.  They  (your  lusts) 
are  dead  and  buried  with  him,  for 
so  .  your  baptism  signifieth  ;  in 
which  you  are  put  under  the  tvater, 
to  signify  and  profess,  that  your 
old  man  is  dead  and  buried.  We 
are  raised  to  holiness  by  his  spirit, 
as  we  rise  out  of  water  in  baptism." 
Paraphrase  on  New  Test,  at  Rom. 
vi.  4.,  CoL  ii.  12.,  1  Pet.  iii.  21. 
Booth  in  Psedobaptism  Examined, 
p.  47. 

"  We  grant  that  baptism  then, 
(in  the  primitive  times,)  was  by 
washing  the  whole  body  ;  and  did 
not  the  differences  of  our  cold 
country,  as  to  that  hot  one,  teach 
us  to  remember,  I  .will  have  mercy 


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CYCLOPAEDIA. 


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55 


and  not  sacrifices,  it  should  be  so 
here.  It  is  coiniuonly  confessed  by 
us  to  the  Anabaptists,  as  oar  com- 
mentators declare,  that  in  the 
Apostles'  times  tlie  baptised  were 
dipperl  over  head  in  the  water,  and 
that  this  signified  their  profession, 
both  of  believing  the  burial  and 
resurrection  of  Christ ;  and  of  their 
own  present  renouncing  the  world 
and  flesh,  or  dying  to  sin  and  living 
to  Christ,  or  rising  again  to  new- 
ness of  life,  or  being  buried  and 
risen  again  with  Christ,  as  the 
Apostle  expoundeth  in  the  forecited 
texts  of  Col.  iii  (Col.ii .)  and  Rom. 
vi.  And  though  (as  is  before  said) 
we  have  thought  it  lawful  to  dis- 
use the  manner  of  dipping  and  to 
use  less  water,  yet  we  presume  not 
to  change  the  use  and  signification 
of  it."  Paraphrase  on  the  New 
Test,  at  Matt.  iii.  Q.  Disputations  of 
Right  to  Sacrum,  p.  70.  Booth 
Pa?dobaptism  Examined,  p.  91. 

"  My  sixth  argument  shall  be 
against  the  usual  manner  of  their 
baptizing,  as  it  is  by  dipping  over 
head  in  a  river,  or  other  cohl  water. 
That  which  is  a  plain  breach  of  the 
sixth  commandment,  Tliou  shalt 
not  kill,  is  no  ordinance  oi"  God,  but 
a  most  heinous  sin.  But  the  ordi- 
nary practice  of  baptizing  over  head 
in  cold  water — that  which  is  a  plain 
breach  of  the  sixth  commandment, 
therefore  it  is  no  ordinance  of  God, 
but  an  henious  sin.  And  as  jMr. 
Cradock  in  his  book  of  Gospel 
Liberti/ shews,the  magistrate  ought 
to  restrain  it,  to  save  the  lives  of 
his  subjects — that  this  hjlat  mur- 
der, and  no  better,  being  ordinarily 
and  generally  used,  is  undeniable 
to  any  understanding  man.  And 
I  know  not  what  trick  a  covetuous 
landlord  can  find  out  to  get  his 
tenants  to  die  apace  that  he  may 


have  new  fines  and  heriots,  like- 
lier than  to  encourage  such  preach- 
ers, that  they  may  get  them  all  to 
turn  Anabaptists.  I  wish  that 
this  device  be  not  it  that  couuten- 
anceth  these  men.  Catarrlis  and 
obstructions,  which  are  the  two 
great  fountains  of  most  niortal  dis- 
eases in  man's  body,  could  scarce 
have  a  more  notable  means  to  pro- 
duce them,  where  they  are  not,  or 
to  increase  them  where  they  are. 
Apoplexies,  lethargies,  palsies,  and 
all  comatous  diseases,  would  be 
promoted  by  it.  So  would  cephal- 
algies,  hemicranies,  phthises,  de- 
bility of  the  stomach,  crudities, 
and  almost  all  levers,  dysenteries, 
diarrheas,  colics,  iliac  passions,  con- 
vulsions, spasms,  tremors,  aiid  so 
on.  All  hepatic,  splenetic,  pulmo- 
niac  persons,  and  hypocoudriaos 
would  soon  have  enough  of  it.  In 
a  word,  it  is  good  for  nothing  but 
to  dispatcli  men  out  of  the  world 
that  are  burthensome,  and  to  rank- 
en  church  yards.  I  conclude,  if 
murder  be  a  sin,  the  dipping  ordi- 
narily in  cold  water  over  head  in 
England  is  a  sin  :  and  if  those  who 
would  make  it  men's  religion  to 
murder  themselves,  and  urge  it  on 
their  consciences  as  their  duty,  are 
not  to  be  suffered  in  a  coininon- 
wealth,  any  more  than  highway 
murderers;  then  judge  how  these 
Anabaptists,  that  teach  the  neces- 
sity of  such  dipping,  are  to  be  suft'er- 
ed.  My  seventh  argnment  is  also 
against  another  wickedness  in  their 
manner  of  baptising,  which  is  their 
dipping  persons  naked,  as  is  very 
usual  with  many  of  them,  or  next 
to  naked,  as  is  usual  with  the  mo- 
destest  that  I  have  heard  of  If 
the  minister  must  go  into  the  water 
with  the  party,  it  will  certainly 
tend  to  his  death  :  though  they  may 


56 


Ba 


HAYNES'  BAPTIST 


escape  that  go  in  but  once — would 
not  vain  young'  men  come  to  a  bap- 
tizing to  see  tlie  nakedness  of 
maids,  and  make  a  mere  jest  and 
sport  of  it."  Plain  Scripture 
Proof,  p.  134-137.  Booth  in  Pge- 
dobaptism  Examined,  p.  117  et 
seq. 

"  We  grant  that  baptism  then  (in 
the  primitive  times)  was  by  washing 
the  whole  body;  and  did  not  the 
difference  of  our  cold  country  as  to 
that  hot  one,  teach  us  to  remember, 
IwiUhave  mercy  and  not  sacrifice,  it 
SHOULD  BE  so  HERE."  Paraphrase 
on  the  New  Test,  at  Matt.  iii.  6. 
Booth  Paedobaptism  Examined,  p. 
137. 

"  If  there  can  be  no  example 
given  in  Scripture,  of  any  one  that 
was  baptized  without  the  profes- 
sion of  a  saving  faith,  uox  any  2}rc- 
cept  for  so  doing;  then  must  we 
not  baptize  any  without  it.  But 
the  antecedent  is  true  ;  that  giveth 
us  the  least  intimation  that  ever 
man  was  baptized  without  the  pro- 
I'ession  of  a  saving  faith,  or  that 
giveth  the  least  encouragement  to 
baptize  an)^  upon  another  faith." 
Disputat.  of  Right  to  Sac.  p.  149, 
151.  Booth  PcBdobaptism  Exa- 
mined, p.  169. 

"  What  man  dare  go  in  a  way 
which  hath  neither  precept  nor  ex- 
ample  to  warrant  it,  from  a  way 
that  hath  full  current  of  both  ?" 
Plain  iScriji.  Proof,  p.  24.  Booth 
PEedobaptism  Examined,  p.  174. 

"  If  the  very  baptism  oi'  infants 
itself,  be  so  dark  in  Scripture,  that 
the  controversy  is  thereby  become 
so  hard  as  we  find  it ;  then  to  prove 
not  only  their  baptism,  but  a  new 
distinct  end  of  their  baptism, — will 
be  a  hard  task  indeed."  N.B. — This 
acknowledgment  is  contained  in 
his  book,  entitled.  Plain  Scripture 


Proof  of  Infant  Church  member- 
ship and  baptism,  p.  301.  Booth 
in  Pcedobaptism  Examined,\i.  182. 

"Some  sober  men,  no  way  inclin- 
ed to  Anabaptism,  do  think  that 
wc  ought  not  to  call  the  sacraments 
seals,  as  being  a  thing  not  to  be 
proved  by  the  word."  Apology 
against  Mr.  Blake,  §  lxiv,  p.  118. 
Booth  Pmlobaptisin  Examined, 
p.  312. 

"  This  is  not  like  some  occasion- 
al historical  mention  of  baptism, 
but  it's  the  very  conwiission  of 
Christ  to  his  Apostles,  for  preaching 
and  baptising,  and  purposely  ex- 
presseth  their  several  works,  in 
their  several  places  and  order. 
Their  first  task  is  by  teaching  to 
make  disciples,  which  are  by  Mark 
called  believers.  The  second  work 
is  to  baptize  them,  whereto  is  an- 
nexed the  promise  of  their  salvation. 
The  third  work  is  to  teach  them 
all  other  things  which  are  afterward 
to  be  learned  in  the  school  of  Christ. 
To  contemn  this  order,  is  to  re- 
nounce all  rules  of  order  ;  for 
where  can  we  expect  to  find  it  if 
not  here  ?  I  profess,  my  conscience 
is  fully  satisfied  from  this  text,  that 
it  is  one  sort  of  faith,  even  saving 
that  must  go  before  baptism,  and 
the  profession  whereof  the  minister 
must  expect."  Disputations  of  Right 
to  Sac.  p.  149,  150.  Booth  Pcedo- 
baptism  Examined,  p.  315. 

Lastly,  "  they  (the  Baptists)  do 
plainly  play  the  deviVa  part,  in  ac- 
cusing their  own  children  and  dis- 
puting them  out  of  the  church  and 
house  of  God,  and  out  of  his  j^'^'o- 
mises  and  covenant,  and  the  priid- 
leges  that  accompany  them ;  and 
most  ungratefully  deny,  reject, 
against  the  mercies  that  Christ, 
hath  purchased  for  their  children, 
and  made  over    to    them."     Plain 


CYCLOPAEDIA. 


Ba 


57 


Scripture  Proof,  p.  13.  Booth,   Pce-\ 
dobaptisin  Examined,  p.  375.  \ 

The  faitJi  of  the  parent  (he 
makes,)  the  condition  of  the  child- 
ren's church-membership  and  of 
their  salvation.  Plain  Scripture 
Proof,  p.  315.  Booth,  Pcedobaptisin 
Examined,  p.  453. 

"  Methinks  men  should  desire  to' 
go  on  the  surer  side  of  the  hedge ; ' 
and  feeling  where  there  Ls  no  law, 
there  is  no  transgression,  for  being 
nothing  else  but  a  transgression  oi ; 
the  law,  they  should  conclude,  that] 
it  is  certainly  no  sin,  and  therefore 
ia/<?sf,to  let  go  those  additions  which 
no  lav/  enjoineth.  But  on  the 
other  side,  that  it  may  be  a  danger- 
ous sin  to  use  them;  both  as  being 
an  accusation  of  Scripture  as  in- 
sufficient and  as  adding  to  God's 
worship.  If,  when  his  worship 
was  so  much  ceremonious,  he  yet 
layeth  a  charge  to  do  whatever  he 
commanded,  and  add  nothing  there- 
to, nor  take  aught  therefrom  :  (that 
is  not  to  or  from,  the  wordi'.  com- 
manding only,  but  also  the  irork 
commanded)  is  it  likely,  then,  that 
he  will  be  less  jealous  in  this  now." 
Plain  Scripture  Proof,  p.  303. 
Booth  in  Pgedobaptism,  p.  475. 

"  Upon  the  review  of  my  argu- 
ments, upon  the  controversy  about 
Infant  Baptism,"  says  the  famous 
Nonconformist,  "I  find  that  I  have 
used  too  many  provoking  words,  for 
which  I  am  heartilij  sorry,  and  rfe- 
sire  jmrdon  of  God  and  him."  i.e. 
Mr.  Tombes,  in  Crosby's  Hist.  Bap. 
Vol.  iii.  Pref.  p.  55. 

BLACKWOOD,  Christopher.— 
To  him  is  ascribed  by  Robert  Watt, 
M.D.,  the  authorship  of  the  foUow- 
works  :  1.  The  Storming  of  Anti- 
christ in  his  strongest  Garrisons, 
of  Compulsion  of  Conscience,  and 


Infants'  Baptisme,  1644.  2.  Apos- 
tolical Baptisine  ;  or  a  sober  Re- 
joinder to  a  Treatise  written  by  Mr. 
Thomas,  intituled.  Infants'  Bap- 
tisme li-eed  from  Antichristianism. 
Lond.  1645.  4to.  (See  Blake,  Tho- 
mas). 3.  Some  Pious  Treatises 
on  Sermons.  Lond.  1654,  4to.  4. 
Sermons  on  the  Ten  first  chapters 
of  St.  Matthew.  Lond.  1659,  4to. 
(See  Bibliotheca  Britannica.)  Be- 
nedict, p.  145,  in  his  Genl.  Hist.&c. 
1848,  gives  the  title  of  the  work 
on  Apostolical  Baptism  in  answer 
to  Mr.  Blake,  and  2.  A  Brief  Cate- 
chism concerning  Baptism,  first 
published  at  the  end  of  his  Storm- 
ing of  Antichrist ;  afterward  for 
the  satisfaction  and  information  of 
the  people  of  God  in  Lancashire. 
1652.  This  was  evidently  a  Bap- 
tist author. 

BARROW,  Isaac,  a  native  of 
Suffolk,  and  an  eminent  Mathema- 
tician and  Divine;  Chancellor  of 
the  University  of  Cambridge,  born 
1630;  died  1677.  This  volumin- 
ous and  learned  writer  is  quoted 
by  Boothfromonly  oneof  his  works, 
which  was  first  published  in  Lon- 
don, 1688,  4to.  as  follows  : 

"  The  action  is  baptizing,  or  iin- 
mersing  in  water.  The  object 
thereof^ — those  persons  of  anj^  nation, 
whom  his  ministers  can  by  their 
persuasion  and  instruction  render 
his  diciples,  that  is,  such  as  do  sin- 
cerely believe  the  truth  of  his  doc- 
trine, and  seriously  resolve  to  obey 
his  commandments.  The  mersion 
also  in  water,  and  the  emersion 
thence  doth  figure  our  death  to 
the  former  (worldly  defilements.) 
and  receiving  to  a  new  Life." 
Worhs,  Vol.  1.  p.  518,  520.  Edit. 
1722.  Booth  in  Ptedobaptism  Ex- 
amined, p.  61. 

"What  the  action  itself  enjoined 


58 


Ba 


HAYNES'  BAPTIST 


is,  what  the  manner  and  form  there- 
of, is  apparent  by  the  words  of  our 
Lord's  institution :  going  forth, 
saith  he,  teach,  or  disciple,  all  na- 
tions, baptizing  them,  &c..  The 
action  is  baptizing  or  immersing 
in  water  ;  the  object  thereof,  those 
persons  of  any  nation,  whom  his 
ministers  can,  by  their  instruction 
and  2}crsuasion,  render  disciples ; 
that  is,  such  as  do  sincerely  be- 
lieve the  truth  of  his  doctrine,  and 
seriouslij  resolve  to  obey  his  com- 
mandments." Works,  Vol  I.  p. 
518.  Edit.  1722.  Booth,  Pcedobap- 
tism  Examined,  p.  317. 

"They  have  indeed  found  the 
Pope  in  the  first  chapter  of  Genesis. 
For  if  we  believe  Pope  Innocent 
III.  he  is  one  of  the  two  great 
luminaries  there ;  and  he  is  as 
plainly  there,  as  any  where  else  in 
the  Bible."  On  the  Pope's  Supre- 
macy, p.  155.  Booth,  Psedobaptism 
Examined,  p.  405. 

BALL,  JoH>f,  a  Puritan  Divine, 
of  some  eminence,  was  born  in 
Oxfordshire,  1551,  died  1640.  One 
of  his  Theological  works  was  trans- 
lated into  the  Turkish  language. 
Previous  to  1632,  his  first  work 
passed  through  fourteen  editions. 
Among  other  works  he  wrote  "  An 
Answer  to  Five  Treatises  of  Mr. 
John  Can,"  (author  of  the  margi- 
nal references  to  the  Bible,  who 
was  a  Baptist)  the  first  entitled,  A 
Necessity  of  Separation  from  the 
Church  of  England,  proved  by  the 
Nonconformists'  Principles ;  the 
other,  A  stay  against  straying; 
wherein,  in  opposition  to  Mr.  John 
Robertson,  he  undertakes  to 
prove  the  unlawfulness  of  hear- 
ing the  ministers  of  the  Church 
of  England.  Bibliotheca  Brit- 
TANicA.  Booth  in  his  Paedobap- 
tism   Examined    makes    the    fol- 


lowing quotation  from  this  au- 
thor. 

"  In  whatever  circumstance  they 
(circumcision  and  baptism)  agree, 
or  differ,  we  must  look  to  the  in- 
stitution, and  neither  stretch  it 
wider,  nor  draw  it  narrower,  than 
the  Lord  hath  made  it.  For  he  is 
the  institutor  of  the  sacraments 
according  to  his  own  good  pleasure ; 
and  it  is  our  part  to  learn  of  him, 
both  to  whom,  how,  and  for  what 
end  the  sacraments  are  to  be  ad- 
ministered ;  how  they  agree,  and 
wherein  they  differ.  In  all  which 
we  must  affirm  nothing,  but  what 
God  hath  taught  us,  and  as  he 
hath  taught  us."  In  Mr.  Tombes's 
Examen.  of  Marshall's  Scrm. 

BACON,  Lord,  is  quoted  in  Dr. 
Stennett's  Answ.  to  Mr.  Adding- 
TON,  Part  I,  p.  34,  as  follows  :  "  It 
is  strange  that  the  use  of  bath- 
ing as  a  part  of  diet,  is  left.  With 
the  Romans  and  Grecians  it  was 
as  usual  as  eating  or  sleeping ; 
and  so  it  is  amongst  the  Turks  at 
this  day."  Booth's  Padobaptism 
Examined^.  159.  See  also  Articles 
Encyclopedia  Britannica,  and  Ri- 
CAUT,  Paul  in  this  vol.  If  the  cold 
bath  was  so  commonly  used  by 
Greeks  and  Romans  as  part 
I  of  diet,  it  could  not  be  injuri- 
ous to  them  to  be  immersed. 

BRADBUBY,  Thomas,  "a face- 
tious Preacher  among  the  Dis- 
senters," says  Watt,  "was  born 
in  Yorkshire,  1677.  We  select 
from  the  catalogue  of  his  works 
only  two  as  appropriate  to  be 
noticed  in  this  place.  1.  Sermon 
on  the  Lord's  Supper,  1  Cor.  ix. 
24.  1738,  8vo.  2.  Three  Sermons 
on  the  Duty  and  Doctrine  of  Bap- 
tism. 1749,  8vo.  Bibliotheca 
Britannica. 

"  I  know  it  is  said,  that  the  Jews 


Ba 


CYCLOPAEDIA. 


Ba 


59 


had  a  method  of  baptizing  among 
them,  and  our  Saviour  only  fixed 
it  with  his  disciples  as  he  found  it 
with  his  countrymen ;  but  the 
Bible  itself  will  not  allow  me  to 
think  as  other  men  do,  whatever 
their  learning  is.  Nothing  can  be 
more  apparent,  than  that  the  Jews 
expected  that  the  person  who 
brought  baptism  amongst  them, 
must  be  either  the  Messiah  him- 
self, or  one  of  his  forerunners.  This 
was  the  question  of  the  priests 
and  Levites,  who  came  from  Jeru- 
salem, to  ask  John  whether  he  was 
the  Christ,  or  Elias,  or  thatProphet. 
And  they  that  were  sent  were  of 
the  pharisees,  a  people  diligent  to 
know  the  law,  and  zealous  to  ad- 
vance it.  Therefore  they  ask  him 
farther,  lohi/  baptizest  thou  then,  if 
thou  be  not  the  Christ,  nor  Elias, 
nor  that  Prophet  ?  And  John  in 
his  answer  shows  us,  that  though 
the  Jews  mistook  a  circumstance, 
yet  they  were  right  in  their  notion. 
I  knew  him  not,  says  he,  but  that 
he  should  be  manifest  to  Israel, 
therefore  am  I  come  baptizing  with 
water.  The  Apostle  in  his  sermon 
at  Antioch  (though  he  abounded 
in  Jewish  learning)  seems  to  say, 
that  they  never  heard  of  any  bap- 
tizing before  John,  Acts  xiii.  24, 
25.  John  first  preached  before 
Christ  the  baptism  of  repentance 
to  all  the  people  of  Israel ;  and  as 
he  fulfilled  his  course,  he  said 
ichom  think  ije  that  I  am,  ?  I  am 
not  he.  From  which  things  I  con- 
clude, that  the  first  time  that  ever 
the  Church  heard  of  baptism,  was 
in  reference  to  a  person  who  was 
actually  among  them,  and  after  a 
few  weeks  Avas  to  be  declared  and 
shown  forth  to  Israel.  To  fetch  it 
(baptism)  from  the  Jews,  and  es- 
pecially from  those  traditional  ser- 


vices that  obtained  in  their  Church, 
is  a  wild  imagination,  a  no  better 
than  seeking  the  living  among  the 
dead.  They  had  divers  ivashings, 
and  carnal  ordinances,  but  our  bap- 
tism was  not  one  of  them  ;  for  they 
were  only  imposed  on  the  people 
till  the  time  of  reformation,  Heb. 
ix.  10.  And  therefore  as  they 
were  all  to  be  abolished,  we  can- 
not suppose  that  any  of  those 
worldly  elements  should  be  trans- 
planted into  our  religion,  to  leave 
any  remains  of  bondage  upon  the 
glorious  liberty  of  the  sons  of  God. 
Peter  speaks  to  those  that  knew 
nothing  of  that  ordinance,  as  if  it 
were  a  thing  entirely  new  among 
them ;  Repent  and  be  baptized 
every  one  of  you  :  and  it's  said  we 
a7-e  baptized  into  Christ.  Acts  ii.  38. 
Rom.  vi.  3.  Both  these  solemni- 
ties (baptism  and  the  holy  supper) 
are  represented  as  no  more  than 
fragments  of  Judaism.  As  if  there 
was  any  propriety  in  our  Lord  tel- 
ling the  disciples,  that  all  power 
was  given  to  him  both  in  heaven 
and  in  earth,  only  to  recommend  a 
scrap  of  an  old  religion :  or,  as  if 
the  Apostle  had  any  need  to  say, 
he  hath  received  that  of  the  Lord, 
which  he  received  by  the  tradition 
of  his  fatheis."  Duty  and  Doc.  of 
Bap.  p.  55,  56,  57,  148.  Necess.  of 
Contend,  for  Revealed  Religion, 
p.  50.  Booth  Psedobaptism  Ex- 
amined, p.  243. 

BRANDT,  Mr.,  author  of  "  His- 
tory of  the  Reformation,"  In  Anno- 
tat.  on  B.  ii.  p.  8,  as  quoted  by  Mr. 
Booth  in  his  Paedobaptism  Ex- 
amined says  :  "  That  good  and 
very  ancient  custom  of  baptizing 
infants,  is  advanced  with  too  much 
violence  by  some,  and  opposed 
with  no  less  by  others.  This  cere- 
mony, as  some  think,  prevailed  first 


60 


Ba 


HAYNES'  BAPTIST 


Ba 


in  Africa  and  Greece  ;  but  in  such 
a  manner  that  some  doctors  of  the 
church  openly  declared,  that  they 
could  not  consent  to  it." 

BARKER,  Thomas,  son  of  Sa- 
muel, died  1S09,  in  the  8Sth  year 
of  his  age,  says  Watt.  He  was 
an  able  and  most  extensive  writer 
upon  Meteorology  and  kindred  to- 
pics of  natural  science.  His  only 
work  worthy  of  note  in  this  article 
was  entitled  :  "  The  Duty,  Cir- 
cumstance, and  Benefit  of  Baptism 
determined  by  Evidence  ;  with  an 
Appendix  showing  the  meaning  of 
several  Greek  words  in  the  New 
Testament.    Lond.  1771,  8vo.  Bib- 

LIOTHECA  BrITANNICA. 

BLACKSTONE,  Sir  William, 
Knt.  L.L.D.,  born  in  London  1723, 
died  1780.  His  Commentaries  on 
the  Laws  of  England  were  first 
published  at  Oxford,  1765,  4  vols. 
4to.  As  the  law  of  interpretation 
applies  to  holy  Scripture  as  to  hu- 
man laws  and  to  all  writings, 
Mr.  Booth  quotes  Blackstone  as 
follows :    See    Bibliotheca    Brit- 

ANNICA. 

"  The  words  of  a  law,  are  ge- 
nerally to  be  understood  in  their 
usual  &nd  mostknoivn  signification  ; 
not  so  much  regarding  the  proprie- 
ty of  grammar,  as  their  general  -AWii 
pojjular  use ;"  bvit,  where  words 
bear  either  none,  or  a  reri/  absurd 
signification,  if  literally  understood, 
we  must  a  little  deviate  from  the 
received  sense  of  them."  Com- 
mentaries, vol.  i.  p.  59,  60.  Dublin 
Edit.  Booth,  Psedobaptism  Ex- 
amined, p.  36. 

BRAITHWAITE,Rev.  George, 
M.A.,  was  an  English  Baptist. 
"  This  worthy  and  respectable  mi- 
nister," says  Walter  Wilson,  "  was 
born  in  the  year  1681,  at  Fornace- 
falls,    Lancashire ;     He  died    19th 


July,  1748,  in  the  67th  year  of  his 
age.  He  was  the  author  of  seve- 
ral publications. 

1.  The  Nation's  Reproach,  and 
the  Church's  grief;  or  a  serious 
and  needful  Word  of  Advice  to 
those  who  needlessly  frequent  Ta- 
verns, and  Public-Houses,  and 
often  spend  the  evening  there.  In 
a  letter  to  my  Neighbor,  and  Coun- 
trymen. 

2.  The  Saints'  Desire  in  time, 
and  Happiness  in  Eternity :  A  Ser- 
mon occasioned  by  the  death  of 
Mr.  Humphrey  Trend,  preached  at 
Devonshire-square,  Dec.  19,  1736. 
Psa.  xvii.  15,  3. 

3.  The  Conflicts  and  Conquests 
of  the  born  of  God  ;  or  Faith's 
victory  and  triumph  over  the 
world ;  a  Sermon  preached  Aug. 
30,  1741,  on  the  Death  of  Mrs. 
Mary    Newsham.    1  John,  v.  4. 

His  parents,  and  indeed  the 
whole  of  his  relations  were  zealous 
members  of  the  Church  of  Eng- 
land, and  from  his  infancy  devoted 
him  to  the  ministry  in  that  Church, 
with  a  view  to  his  succeeding  an 
uncle,  who  was  a  celebrated  preach- 
er in  that  part  of  the  country.  He 
was  accordingly  sent  to  a  gram- 
mar-school near  the  place  of  his 
nativity ;  whence  after  a  while, 
he  removed  to  a  more  noted  semi- 
nary in  Yorkshire,  where  he  con- 
tinued till  such  time  as  he  was 
sent  to  the  University.  There  he 
attended  the  several  lectures,  and 
the  usual  course  of  academical 
exercises ;  and  prosecuting  his 
studies  with  diligence,  took  his  de- 
gree of  Master  of  Arts.  Not  long 
after  some  domestic  occurrences 
obliged  him  to  leave  this  seat  of 
learning.  In  consequence  of  the 
illness  of  a  near  relation,  who  was 
supposed    to    be    at  the  point    ol" 


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61 


death,  he  was  hastened  home,  and 
after  this,  had  no  opportunity  of 
returning. 

Mr.  Braithwaite,  in  early  life, 
became  the  subject  of  divine  grace, 
and  was  made  to  experience  the 
value  of  those  blessings,  which  it 
was  intended  he  should  dispense  to 
others.  It  was  while  a  youth  also 
that  he  embraced  the  distinguish- 
ing tenets  of  the  Baptists,  before 
he  knew  that  there  were  any 
people  of  that  profession  in  the 
world.  But  it  is  presumed,  that 
he  did  not  long  remain  uninformed 
as  to  this  particular.  Some  time 
after  his  leaving  the  University,  he 
came  to  London  and  joined  a 
church  of  that  persuasion  lender 
the  care  of  the  Rev.  David  Crossly, 
near  Cripplegate.  This  was  in 
the  year  1706,  when  he  was  about 
twenty-five  years  of  age.  But 
Mr.  Braithwaite's  talents  were  not 
long  to  be  concealed  in  this  state 
of  comparative  obscurity.  Though 
he  consented  to  sit  down  a  while 
as  a  private  chuix'h  member,  yet 
the  furniture  he  had  acquired,  fit- 
ted him  in  no  small  degree  to  be  an 
instructor  of  others.  His  abilities 
for  the  ministry  were  first  tried  and 
approved  by  the  church  with  which 
he  communicated ;  and  after  so- 
lemn fasting  and  prayer,  he  was 
recommended  to  the  great  work  of 
preaching  the  everlasting  goispel. 
About  this  time  he  received  con- 
siderable offers  from  his  relatives 
and  friends,  who  were  very  desir- 
ous that  he  should  settle  in  the 
Church  of  England.  But  this  not 
being  agreeable  to  his  judgment, 
he  cheerfully  sacrificed  all  outward 
advantages  to  the  honor  of  Christ, 
and  the  peace  of  his  own  conscience. 
He  had  formerly  determined  that 
if  God    should    call    him    by    his 


grace,  and  put  him  into  the  minis- 
try, he  would  devote  the  fir.st  fruits 
of  his  labours  to  the  poor  ignorant 
people  in  his  own  native  place. 
He  accordingly  went  down  into 
Lancashire,  where  a  divine  bless- 
ing accompanying  his  preaching, 
he  soon  gathered  a  church,  and  for 
some  time  went  on  comfortably. 
At  length,  a  difference  arising 
about  the  terms  of  communion,  a 
separation  became  necessary.  But 
it  was  a  very  amicable  one,  Mr. 
Braithwaite  being  able  to  conduct 
himself  with  that  amiable  and 
truly  Christian  spirit,  which  so 
greatly  distinguished  him.  Though 
his  longer  continuance  with  his 
people  was  impracticable,  yet  he 
was  resolved  to  leave  them  with 
some  mark  of  his  affection.  Ac- 
cordingly he  generously  confirmed 
to  the  congregation  and  their  suc- 
cessors for  ever,  the  place  of  wor- 
ship, the  burial  ground,  and  the 
baptistery,  which  were  all  situated 
upon  his  own  estate.  After  this 
he  settled  with  a  congregation  at 
Bridlington  in  Yorkshire,  where  he 
preached  several  years  with  repu- 
tation and  success ;  and  in  all  pro- 
bability had  ended  his  days  there, 
had  not  his  zeal  against  prevailing 
intemperance  rendered  his  situation 
uneasy.  It  was  with  a  view  to 
serve  the  best  interests  of  his 
people,  that,  on  this  occasion,  he 
published  a  small  treatise  against 
unnecessary  frequenting  public 
houses,  Avhich  gave  gi-eat  ofience. 
His  unsettled  state  being  made 
known  to  his  friends  in  London, 
they  recommended  him  to  the  con- 
gregation in  Devonshire-square, 
which  he  found  no  difficulty  in  ac- 
cepting. He  accordingly  removed 
to  London,  and  was  set  apart  in 
that  place,  28th  March,  1734.    Dr. 


62 


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Gill 


the    charge,    and    Mr. 


gave 

AVilson  preached  to  the  people. 
Ill  this  situation  Mr.  Braithwaite 
continued  to  the  time  of  his  death. 
In  each  of  the  above  places  his 
ministry  met  with  acceptance  and 
success.  His  preaching  was  plain, 
serious,  and  affectionate ;  and  he 
had  a  remarkable  gift  in  prayer. 
In  this  exercise  he  was  noted  for  a 
holy  importunity ;  and  expressed 
himself  with  so  much  fervour,  that 
it  was  thought  to  injure  his  consti- 
tution. He  was  enabled  to  main- 
tain a  close  communion  with  God ; 
and  for  two  and  thirty  years  to- 
gether kept  an  exact  account  of  the 
frame  of  his  spirit,  in  the  closet, 
the  family,  and  the  world.  The 
reflections  with  which  his  account 
is  interspersed,  discover  the  breath- 
ings of  a  truly  pious  mind.  In 
his  conversation  he  was  friendly, 
afl'able,  and  courteous ;  and  took 
every  opportunity  of  introducing 
something  that  might  tend  to  edi- 
fication. He  possessed  a  natural 
warmth  of  temper,  of  which  he 
was  sensible,  and  would  after- 
wards acknowledge  with  regret. 
His  circumstances  in  the  former 
part  of  his  life  were  easy  and  plen- 
tiful ;  but  as  is  often  the  case  with 
Dissenting  ministers,  a  large  family, 
and  confined  income,  greatly  re- 
duced them.  In  the  latter  part  of 
his  ministry,  he  met  with  some 
sharp  and  unexpected  troubles, 
which  took  great  effect  upon  his 
spirits,  and  tended  in  no  small  de- 
gree, to  break  a  constitution  na- 
turally good.  He  lived  however 
to  see  the  clouds  in  a  good  measure 
disperse,  for  which  he  heartily 
thanked  God,  a  little  before  his  dis- 
solution. 

His  decay  was  gentle   and  gra- 
dual ;  and,  for  the  most  part,  with- 


out pain  or  sickness.  His  under- 
standing was  clear  and  unclouded, 
his  conversation  heavenly,  and  his 
satisfaction  as  to  a  better  world, 
full  and  uninterrupted.  He  would 
say  to  the  honour  of  sovereign 
grace,  he  had  no  fears,  no  doubts, 
and  longed  to  be  at  home,  where 
the  wicked  cease  from  troubling, 
and  where  his  weary  soul  would 
be  at  rest.  At  length  it  pleased 
God  to  grant  him  his  desire ;  and 
his  death  was  so  remarkably  easy, 
that,  without  a  figure,  he  might 
be  said  to  fall  asleep  in  Jesus.  His 
funeral  sermon  was  preached  at 
Devonshire-square,  July  24th,  1748, 
by  the  Rev.  Samuel  Wilson,  on 
2  Tim.  iv.  7.  8.  /  have  fought  a 
good  fight,  4'c.,  a  text  chosen  by 
the  deceased.  In  this  discourse 
Mr.  Wilson  says,  "  I  persuade  my- 
self that  every  one  who  was  ac- 
quainted with  the  remarkable  mo- 
desty and  humility  of  the  Rev. 
Mr.  George  Braithwaite,  deceased, 
will  readily  acquit  him  of  the 
charge  of  vanity  in  the  choice  of 
these  words  as  the  subject  of  his  fu- 
neral discourse.  I  shall  not  easily 
forget  the  serious  and  very  affection- 
ate manner  in  which,  a  little  be- 
fore his  death,  he  spoke  to  me  upon 
this  head  :  My  dear  brother,  said 
he,  (tor  that  was  the  manner  of  the 
good  man,  always  warm  and  pa- 
thetic,) I  have  nothing  to  boast  of, 
far  be  it  from  me ;  but  I  bless  God, 
he  has,  through  his  grace,  enabled 
me,  in  a  measure  to  be  faithful, 
and  I  look  upon  it  as  a  singular 
mercy,  that  I  have  not  to  charge 
myself  with  a  single  instance,  in 
which  I  have  been  left  to  baulk 
my  conscience,  as  to  any  one  truth 
of  the  gospel,  or  ordinance  of 
Christ,  out  of  fear,  or  in  favour  to 
any   man."       "  Glorious   mercy  !" 


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63 


adds  Mr.  Wilson,  "  to  have  in  the 
view  of  eternity  the  testimony  of 
a  good  conscience,  that  in  simpli- 
city and  godly  sincerity,  he  had 
his  conversation  in  the  world,  and 
at  the  same  time  to  see  his  obliga- 
tion to  a  higher  hand,  and  thank- 
fully to  acknowledge  that,  by  the 
grace  of  God  he  was  what  he 
was."  History  Dissenting  Church- 
es BY  Walter  Wilson,  vol.  1.  pp. 
441-440. 

BAREBONE,  Praise-God, 
an  English  Baptist  minister  of 
London,  who  in  1640  was  pastor 
of  "just  half"  of  the  original  mem- 
bers of  Mr.  Henry  Jessey's  church, 
which  now  for  convenience  was 
divided  into  two  churches,  the  one 
under  the  pastorate  ol'  Mr.  Jessey, 
and  the  other  of  Mr.  Barebone. 
Wilson  says,  Mr.  Barebone,  "  was 
by  occupation  a  leather  seller 
in  Fleet-street,  and,  according  to 
Rapin,  (Hist.  Eng.  vol.  2.  p.  590) 
passed  among  his  neighbors  for  a 
notable  speaker,  being  used  to  en- 
tertain them  with  long  harangues 
upon  the  times.  This  pointed  him 
out  to  the  notice  of  Cromwell,  who 
nominated  hiin  a  member  of  the 
legislative  body  that  succeeded  the 
long  parliament  in  1653.  In  this 
assembly,  he  greatly  distinguished 
himsell"  for  his  activity  ;  insomuch 
that  the  members,  who  were  but 
little  skilled  in  politics,  received 
from  him,  in  derision,  the  appella- 
tion of  Bareborne's  Parliament. 
Upon  the  dissolution  of  this  body, 
about  five  months  afterwards,  Bare- 
bone appears  to  have  retired  from 
any  concern  in  the  government; 
and  we  hear  nothing  further  of  him 
till  1659-60.  Monk  being  then  in 
London  with  a  view  of  restoring 
the  king,  and  intent  upon  the  real 
mission  of  the  secluded  members, 


Bareborne  appeared  at  the  head  of 
a  numerous  rabble"  (party  rather) 
"alarming  even  to  that  intrepid 
general,  and  presented  a  petition 
to  parliament  against  the  regal  in- 
terest." Monk,  who  knew  the  po- 
pularity of  Barebone,  was  obliged 
to  make  a  general  muster  of  his 
army,  and  wrote  a  letter  to  the 
parliament,  expostulating  with 
them  "for  giving  too  much  coun- 
tenance to  that  furious  zealot  and 
his  adherents."  The  petitioners 
however  received  the  thanks  of 
the  house  for  the  expression  of  their 
good  affection  to  the  parliament. 
The  same  year  he  was  concerned 
in  the  publication  of  a  book  against 
the  Court  of  Charles  the  Second, 
entitled  :  "  News  from  Brussels,  in 
a  letter  from  a  near  attendant  on 
his  Majesti/s  person,  to  a  person  of 
honour  here.  Dated  March  10,  1659, 
O.S."  A  reverend  prelate  styles 
this  "a  rascally  piece  against  the 
King  to  expose  him  to  the  hatred 
of  his  people."  It  ought  to  be  ob- 
served, that  the  reputed  author  of 
this  book  was  Marchmont  Need- 
ham,  and  Barebone  only  his  agent 
in  conveying  it  to  the  printer  or 
bookseller.  On  the  thirtieth  of 
the  foregoing  month  Mr.  Barebone 
was  summoned  before  the  council 
of  state,  to  answer  to  some  matters 
objected  against  him;  but  on  sign- 
ing an  engagement  not  to  act  in 
opposition  to  the  present  govern- 
ment, or  to  disturb  the  same,  he 
was  discharged  from  further  attend- 
ance. After  the  Restoration  he 
was  looked  upon  with  a  jealous 
eye,  and  on  26th  Nov.,  1661,  was 
apprehended,  together  with  Major 
John  Wildman,  and  James  Har- 
rington, Esq.,  and  committed 
prisoner  to  tlie  Tower,  where  he 
I  was  confined  some  time.    On  the 


64 


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HAYNES'  BAPTIST 


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meeting  of  parliament,  early  in  the 
following  year,  the  Lord  Chancel- 
lor thought  lit  to  alarm  the  house 
with  the  noise  of  plots  and  con- 
spiracies, and  enumerated  the 
names  of  several  persons  whom 
he  reported  to  he  engaged  in  trait- 
orous designs  against  the  govern- 
ment. Among  these  were  Major 
Wildman,  Major  Hains,  Alderman 
Ireton,  Mr.  Praise  God  Barebone, 
&c.  How  far  the  charge  against 
these  persons  was  substantiated,  or 
whether  it  was  only  a  political  en- 
gine of  government  to  get  rid  of 
suspected  individuals,  we  will  not 
take  upon  us  to  say.  Certain  it 
is,  that  Mr.  Barebone  had  now  to 
contend  with  the  strong  arm  of 
the  civil  power,  which  was  directed 
with  all  the  acrimony  of  party 
prejudice  against  persons  of  his 
stamp." 

With  great  candor  and  ingen- 
ousness  Mr.  Wilson  confesses 
that :  "  The  principles  and  conduct 
of  this  man  are  not  sufficiently  de- 
tailed in  history,  to  form  a  just  es- 
timate of  their  real  nature  and 
tendency.  It  seems  probable,  how- 
ever, from  the  preceding  facts,  con- 
nected with  the  history  of  the  times 
in  which  he  lived,  that  he  drank 
somewhat  into  the  wild  enthusias- 
tic notions  that  disgraced  some 
prevailing  sects  in  his  day."  It 
may  be  remarked  that  most  pious 
and  otherwise  charitable  historians 
and  divines  of  all  Paedobaptist 
sects,  never  omit  to  seize  any  slan- 
derous pretext  to  brand  Baptists, 
as  a  sect,  with  wild  enthusiasm 
and  fanaticism.  They  seek  out 
all  the  vituperations  and  calumny 
of  their  political  and  sectarian  op- 
ponents, interspersed  for  party 
purposes  in  their  writings,  and 
weave  them  together  with  the  ad- 


dition of  remarks  apparently  can- 
did and  charitable,  sometimes,  .but 
frequently  with  marked  bitterness 
of  spirit  and  language.  The  truth 
seems  evidently  to  be  that  Mr. 
Barebone,  in  common  with  the 
mass  of  Baptists  in  his  times,  sym- 
pathized with  Cromwell  so  long 
as  he  flattered  their  hopes  of  his 
republicanism,  but  so  soon  as  he 
began  to  develope  his  dictatorship 
and  tendencies  to  imperial  usur- 
pation, and  devotion  to  the  secta- 
rian and  politico-religious  partisan- 
ism  of  Presbyterians,  they  aban- 
doned him  t-o  his  fate,  and  perhaps 
in  some  instances  manifested  their 
disappointment  and  opposition, 
which  may  have  been  the  praise- 
worthy course  of  Mr.  Barebone. 
Wilson  continues :  "  This  might 
lead  him  to  certain  extravagancies 
of  conduct,  which  are  not  other- 
wise to  be  accounted  for."  Such 
extravagancies  surely  were  only 
evidences  of  a  fixed  adherence  to 
principle  despite  the  changes  of 
Cromwell  and  his  party.  Wilson 
adds  :  "  The  time  of  Mr.  Barebone's 
death  is  not  mentioned  by  any 
author  we  have  met  with,  nor  are 
we  acquainted  with  any  further 
particulars  of  his  history.  It  may 
be  observed,  however,  for  the 
amusement  of  the  reader,  that 
there  were  three  brothers  of  this 
family,  each  of  whonr  had  a  sen- 
tence for  his  Christian  name,  viz. 
Praise-God  Barebone ;  Christ-came- 
into-the-world-to-save  Barebone  ; 
And-if -Christ  -  had  -  not-  come-  into  - 
the- world-thou-hadst  -  been-damned 
Barebone :  Some  are  said  to  have 
omitted  the  former  part  of  the  sen- 
tence, and  to  have  called  him 
only  "  Damned  Barebone."  This 
stile  of  naming  individuals  was 
exceedingly  common  in  the  time  of 


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CYCLOPEDIA. 


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65 


the  civil  wars.    It  was  said  that  the 
genealogy  of  oixr    Saviour    might 
be  learnt  t'roin  the  names  in  Crom- 
well's   regiments,     and    that   the 
mnster-master  used    no  other  list 
than  the  first  chapter  of  Matthew. 
It    should   be    observed,    however, 
that    the     absurdity    of    naming 
children  after  this    manner,     was 
not    peculiar    to   that  period ;  but  j 
was    in    use  long  before,   and  the  i 
practice  continues,  in  some  measure, 
even  to  the  present  day.     A  jury  | 
was  returned  in  the  county  of  Sus-  j 
sex  of  the   following   names  :  Ac-\ 
cepted  Trevor,   of   Norrham ;    Re- 
deemed Compto,   of  Bath  ;    Faint-  \ 
not  Hewet,  of  Heathfield  ;    Make- 
peace  Heaton,    of    Hare ;   God-re- 
ward Smart,  of  FiA'ehurst ;   Stand- 
fast-on-high Stringer,  ofCrow'hurst;  \ 
Earth  Adams,  of  Warbleton  ;  A7//- ; 
sin  Pimple,  of  Whitham  ;  Return  \ 
Spellman,  of  Watling  ;  Be- faithful  i 
Joiner,  of  Britling ;  Fight-ihe-good-  \ 
fight-of -faith    White,    of     Emer; 
More-fruit  Fowler,  of  East-Hadley; 
Hope-for  Bending,  of  East-Hadley ; 
Graceful     Harding,     of     Lewes  ; 
Weed-not  Billings,  of  Lewes  :  Meek 
Brewer,    of   Okeham."      The    bio- 
graphy   of  Mr.    Barebones,    inter- 
spersed with  additional  strictures, 
is    taken    from     Walter    Wilsons 
History  of  Dissenting    Churches, 
vol.   1.   p.  47-49.,  who  quotes  Ra- 
piu's  Hist,  of  England,   vol.  ii.  p. 
590.      Granger's  Biog.    Hist.  Eng- 
land,   vol.    iii.     p.    68.      Kennet's 
Chronicle,  p.  52.  Lord  Clarendon, JScc. 
BAKE  WELL,   Thomas,   author 
of    1.    Antinomians    Confounded, 
and  the  Lord  Christ  exalted,   &c. 
Loud.   1644,  4to.       2.  Defence    of 
Infant  Baptism    against   Anabap- 
tists.   Loud.  1646,  fol.    See  Biblio- 
theca  Britannica ;  also  Benedict,  p. 
267. 


BARBER,  Edward.  Of  this  di- 
vine nothing  is  known  except  that 
to  him  is  ascribed  the  authorship 
of — "  A  Treatise  of  Baptism  or 
Dipping,  wherein  is  clearly  shown, 
that  our  Lord  Christ  ordained  dip- 
ping, and  that  sprinklinnf  of  child- 
ren is  not  according  to  Christ's  in- 
stitution ;  and  also  the  invalidity 
of  the  arguments  which  are  com- 
monly brought  tojustit'y  that  prac- 
tice." Loud.  1641,  fol.  See  Biblio- 
THECA  BRiTTANicA,and  Ivimcy  and 
Benedict,  p.  142. 

BATEMAN,  Rev.  John  P.,  an 
English  Baptist,  who  entered  the 
ministry  at  eighteen  years  of  age, 
while  a  member  of  Grafton-street 
Baptist  Church,  Westminster,  and 
in  1805,  Feb.  28th,  was  ordained 
Pastor  of  Edward-street,  Soho, 
Particular  Baptist  Church,  as  suc- 
cessor of  Rev.  Richard  Biirnham. 
The  ministers  officiating  at  his  in- 
stallation were  Rev.  Messrs.  Ivimey, 
Keeble,  Coxhead,  Burnham,  Hens- 
ton,  and  Sylvester.  "Mr.  Bateman," 
says  Walter  Wilson,  "went  on  suc- 
cessfully for  about  a  year  and  a 
half,  when  he  was  seized  with  a 
disorder  which  put  a  period  to  his 
life,  October  3,  1806,  when  he  was 
only  22  years  of  age.  Mr.  Burn- 
ham  preached  his  funeral  sermon 
at  Grafton-street,  from  Zach.  xiv. 
6,  and  pronounced  a  warm  eulo- 
gium  upon  the  deceased."'  Wilson's 
Hist.  Dissent.  Churches.  Vol.  iv. 
p.  30. 

BRAY,  Thomas,  "  An  eminent, 
learned,  and  pious  divine,"  says 
Watt,  "  was  bora  in  Shropshire, 
in  1656;  died  1730.  Amongst 
his  numerous  Avorks  was :  "  A 
short  discourse  on  the  Doc- 
trine of  our  Baptismal  Covenant. 
Load.  1697,  8vo.  Bibliotheca 
Britannica. 


66 


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HAYNES'  BAPTIST 


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BACKUS,  Rev.  Isaac.  This  dis- 
tinguished Baptist  author  and  di- 
vine was  born  in  Norwich,  Con- 
necticut, 9th  January,  1724;  died 
20th  November,  1806".  The  follow- 
ing is  a  complete  list  of  the  books 
and  pamphlets  which  he  published 
in  regular  order  : 

1.  A  Discourse  on  the  internal 
Call  to  preach  the  Gospel,  1754. 

2.  A  Sermon  on  Gal.  iv.  31, 
1756. 

3.  A  Sermon  on  Acts  xiii.  27, 
1763. 

4.  A  Letter  to  Mr.  Lord,  1764. 

5.  A  Sermon  on  Prayer,  1766. 
6  Discourse  on  Faith,  1767. 

7.  An  Answer  to  Mr.  Fish,  1768. 

8.  A  Sermon  on  his  Mother's 
Death,  1769. 

9.  A  Second  edition  of  his  Ser- 
mon on  Gal.  iv.  31,  with  an  an- 
swer to  Mr.  Frothingham,  1770. 

10.  A  Plea  for  Liberty  of  Con- 
science, 1770. 

11.  Sovereign  Grace  Vindicated, 
1771. 

12.  A  Letter  concerning  Taxes  to 
Support  Religious  Worship,  1771. 

13.  A  Sermon  at  the  Ordination 
of  Mr.  Hunt,  1772. 

14.  A  Reply  to  Mr.  Holly,  1772. 

15.  A  Reply  to  Mr.  Fish,  1773. 

16.  An  Appeal  to  the  public  in 
defence  of  Religious  Liberty,  1773. 

17.  A  Letter  on  the  Decrees,  1773. 

18.  A  History  of  the  Baptists, 
vol.  1,  1777. 

19.  Government  and  Liberty 
described,  1778. 

20.  A  Piece  upon  Baptism,  1779. 

21.  True  Policy  requires  equal 
Religious  Liberty,  1779. 

22.  An  Appeal  to  the  people  of 
Massachusetts  against  arbitrary 
power,   1780. 

23.  Truth  is  Great  and  will  Pre- 
vail, 1781. 


24.  The  Doctrine  of  Universal  Sal- 
vation examined  and  refuted,  1782. 

25.  A  Door  opened  for  Christian 
Liberty,  1783. 

26.  A  History  of  the  Baptists, 
vol.  ii.  1784. 

27.  Godliness  excludes  Slavery, 
in  answer  to  John  Cleveland, 
1785. 

28.  The  Testimony  of  the  Two 
Witnesses,  1786. 

29.  An  Address  to  New  England, 
1787. 

30.  An  Answer  to  Remmele  on 
the  Atonement,  1787. 

31.  A  Piece  on  Discipline,  1787. 

32.  An  Answer  to  Wesley  on 
Election  and  Perseverance,  1789. 

33.  On  the  support  of  Gospel 
Ministers,  1790. 

34.  An  Essay  on  the  Kingdom 
of  God,  1792.  • 

35.  A  History  of  the  Baptists, 
vol.  iii.     1796. 

36.  A  second  edition  of  the  Ser- 
mon on  the  death  of  his  mother, 
to  which  was  added  a  .short  ac- 
count of  his  wife  who  died  in 
1800.    Pnblished  1803. 

37.  An  Abridgement  of  the 
Church  History  of  New  England, 
1804. 

38.  A  Great  Faith  described, 
1805. 

The  reader  will  be  naturally 
curious  to  know  something  of  the 
personal  history  and  character  of 
such  an  author. 

"  Mr.  Backus's  personal  appear- 
ance was  very  grave  and  vener- 
able," says  Dr.  Baldwin,  his  friend 
and  cotemporary.  "  He  was  not 
lar  from  six  feet  in  stature,  and  in 
the  latter  part  of  his  life  consider- 
ably corpulent.  He  was  naturally 
modest  and  diffident,  which  pro- 
bably led  him  into  a  habit,  which  he 
continued  to  the  day  of  his  death, 


-■^^ 


£n^rmeJ  expre.slr  for  ffay,,,..  BavHst  C^rtofcuh<, . 


F  MtchtUns  Za/,.  m Nai  Mu  J/  M- 


Ba 


CYCLOPiEDIA. 


Ba 


G7 


of  shutting  his  eyes  when  convers- 
ing or  preaching  on  important  sub- 
jects. His  voice  was  clear  and  dis- 
tinct, but  rather  sharp  than  pleasant. 
In  both  prpacihing  and  praying  he 
ol'ten  appeared  to  be  favoured  with 
such  a  degree  of  divine  unction,  as 
to  render  it  manifest  to  all  that  God 
was  with  hiui.  Few  men  have 
more  uniibrmly  lived  and  acted  up 
to  their  profession  than  Mr.  Back- 
us. It  may  be  truly  said  of  him 
that  he  teas  a  burning  and  shining 
light ;  and,  though  dead,  he  lett 
behind  him  the  good  name  which 
is  better  than  precious  ointment.'" 
INIr.  Backus'  own  account  of  his 
early  religious  life  will  not  be  un- 
interesting to  the  pious. 

"  My  being  born  of  religious 
parents,  and  having  a  religious 
(though  not  what  is  called  a  liberal) 
education,  I  have  ever  esteemed  an 
unspeakable  favour.  Yet  I  neglect- 
ed the  great  salvation  for  more 
than  seventeen  years,  because  of 
the  secret  imagination  that  it  would 
abridge  my  present  liberty  and 
comfort ;  and  also  that  when  I 
should  in  good  earnest  set  about 
the  work,  God  would  be  moved  to 
help,  pardon,  and  save  me.  But 
in  Mciy,  1741,  my  eyes  were  open- 
ed to  see  that  time  was  not  at  my 
command,  and  that  eternity  was 
directly  before  me,  into  which  I 
might  justly  be  called  the  next 
moment.  Then  I  knew^  what  it 
was  to  work  for  my  life,  for  three 
months,  until  on  August  24,  as  I 
was  alone  in  the  field,  it  was  de- 
monstrated to  my  mind  and  con- 
science, that  I  had  done  my  ut- 
most to  make  myself  better,  with- 
out obtaining  any  such  thing  ;  and 
that  I  was  a  guilty  sinner  in  the 
hands  of  a  holy  God,  who  had  a 
right  to  do  with  me  as  seemed  good 


in  his  sight ;  which  I  then  yielded 
to,  and  all  my  objections  were 
silenced. 

"And  soon  upon  this  a  way  of  re- 
lief was  opened  to  my  soul  which 
I  had  never  any  true  idea  of 
before,  wherein  truth  and  justice 
shine  with  lustre  in  the  bestow- 
ment  of  free  mercy  and  salvation 
upon  objects  who  have  nothing  in 
tiiemselves  but  badness.  And  while 
this  divine  glory  engaged  all  my 
attention,  my  burden  of  guilt  and 
evil  dispositions  was  gone,  and 
such  ideas  and  inclinations  were 
implanted  in  my  heart  as  were 
never  there  before,  but  which  have 
never  been  rooted  out  since,  though 
often  overclouded." 

At  about  the  age  of  eighteen 
years  he  united  with  the  Peedo- 
baptist  Separate  church,  but  after 
two  years  withdrew  from  it.  In 
1746,  in  September,  he  entered 
the  ministry,  and  about  a  year 
subsequently,  he  was  led  by  the 
openings  of  Providence  to  preach 
in  Titicut,  between  the  rivers 
Bridgewater  and  JMiddleborough, 
Plymouth  county,  ]\Iassachussetts, 
where  he  dispensed  the  word  of 
life  sixty  years.  In  February  after 
he  began  to  preach  in  Titicut,  a 
Paedobaptist  Separate  church  arose 
under  his  ministry,  which  was  con- 
siderably successful.  In  the  Au- 
gust follow^ing.  under  the  preacli- 
ing  of  the  Rev.  Mr.  Moulton,  a 
Baptist,  the  members  of  Mr.  Back- 
us' church  were  stimulated  to  in- 
vestigate the  subject  of  baptism, 
which  resulted  in  the  baptism  of 
ten  of  them  by  Mr.  Moulton.  This 
circumstance  awakened  a  spirit  of 
research  into  the  teachings  of  scrip- 
ture upon  this  ordinance  in  the 
mind  of  Mr.  Backus,  their  former 
minister.     Read  his  own    humble 


68 


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HAYNES'  BAPTIST 


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confession :  "  About  three  months 
after,"  he  says,  "  when  the  heat  of 
controversy  was  abated,  the  ques- 
tion was  put  to  my  conscience,  in 
my  retired  hours,  Where  is  it,  and 
in  what  relation  to  the  church,  do 
those  stand  who  are  baptized  but 
not  converted  ?  I  could  see  that 
all  the  circumcised  were  obliged  to 
keep  the  passover ;  and  I  had  seen 
that  there  was  no  half-way  in  the 
Christian  Church,  nor  any  war- 
rant to  admit  any  to  communion 
therein,  without  a  credible  profes- 
sion of  saving  faith.  No  tongue 
can  tell  the  distress  I  now  felt. 
Could  I  have  discovered  any  foun- 
dation in  Scripture  for  my  former 
practice,  I  should  most  certainly 
have  continued  therein ;  but  all 
my  efforts  failing,  I  was  at  last 
brought  to  the  old  standard,  so  as 
to  leave  good  men  and  bad  out  of 
the  question,  and  simply  inquire 
what  saith  the  Scrijjture  ?"  As 
might  naturally  be  expected,  as 
the  result  of  adopting  such  a  prin- 
ciple of  investigation,  on  the  22nd 
August,  1751,  Mr.  Backus  became 
a  Baptist,  but  retained  his  pastoral 
relation  to  his  church  upon  the  open 
communion  plan  four  years,  upon 
which  he  has  penned  the  following 
acknowledgment.  "The  arguments 
of  the  beloved  Bunyan  for  a  free 
communion  with  all  saints  had  be- 
fore appeared  conclusive  to  me  and 
others;  but  a  review  of  them  dis- 
covered his  mistake.  One  argu- 
ment is,  that  plain  laws  of  old, 
were  sometimes  dispensed  with ; 
as  circumcision  was  omitted  in 
the  wilderness ;  David  ate  of  the 
shew-bread,  that  was  not  lawful 
for  him,  and  the  people  in  Heze- 
kiah's  time  ate  of  the  Passover, 
otherwise  than  it  was  written  ;  but 
it  was  proved  upon   search,    that 


each  of  these  were  extraordinary 
cases,  which  were  not  repeated, 
and  therefore  could  afford  no  plea 
for  dispensing  with  a  rule  at  ordin- 
ary times.  And  as  to  Bunyan's 
capital  argument,  which  is,  God 
hath  received  them,  therefore  we 
ought  to  ;  it  was  observed,  his  ex- 
ample is  often  inimitable  by  us, 
but  as  far  as  it  is  imitable,  it  is  al- 
ways in  the  truth.  Hence  truth  is 
never  to  be  violated  for  any  one, 
no,  not  to  save  natural  life,  which 
all  laAvful  means  should  be  used  to 
preserve.  And  truth  so  clearly  re- 
quires baptism  before  the  Supper, 
that  Paedobaptists  do  never  come 
to  the  table  with  any  but  such  as 
are  baptized  in  their  esteem. 
Neither  could  we  understanding] y 
act  in  being  buried  in  baptism,  un- 
til we  were  convinced  that  what 
was  done  to  us  in  infancy  was  not 
gospel  baptism;  therefore,  to  com- 
mune at  the  Lord's  table  with  any 
who  were  only  sprinkled  in  infancy, 
is  parting  with  truth,  by  practically 
saying  they  are  baptized,  when 
we  do  not  believe  they  are.  1 
since  find  that  the  learned  and 
pious  Dr.  Watts,  in  his  "  Rational 
Foundation  of  the  Christian 
Church,"  allows  this  argument  to 
be  just,  though  many  still  wrangle 
against  it." 

It  was  chiefly  as  the  Baptist 
author  and  historian  that  Mr.  Back- 
us was  distinguished,  although  he 
was  an  able,  good,  and  successful 
minister.  To  no  man  perhaps  are 
the  American  Baptists,  and  all 
denominations  of  Christians  more 
deeply  indebted,  under  God,  than 
to  Mr.  Backus  for  their  enjoyment 
of  equal  religious  liberty,  under  the 
constitution  of  the  United  States, 
by  the  final  adoption  of  Art.  2.  of 
the  amendments  to  that  constitu- 


Ba 


CYCLUP.EDIA. 


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69 


tion  by  Congress,  which  is  clearly 
traceable  to  the  efforts  of  tliis  great 
man  and  his  coadjutors,  in  his  ca- 
pacity ot"  agent  ol'  the  Baptists  ol' 
Massachusetts.  But  as  this  sub- 
ject will  be  treated  more  fully  and 
methodically  in  that  department 
of  this  work  devoted  to  a  Chrono- 
logical Compendium  and  Beview 
of  Baptist  History,  it  is  here  omit- 
ted with  the  simple  reference  to  so 
much  of  that  portion  of  this  work 
as  is  embraced  in  the  period  from 
1638  to  the  close  of  Washington's 
administration.  The  reader  is  re- 
ferred also  to  Memoirs  of  Mr. 
Backus  in  Encyclopedia  of  Reli- 
gious Knowledge, — Baptist  Library 
vol.  2 — and  a  memoir  prefixed  to 
Backus'  Abridged  Church  History, 
kc.  Ed.  Philadelphia,  1844. 

The  most  pleasing  portraiture  of 
a  great  man  is,  in  his  intimacy  with 
God.  From  the  last  quoted  me- 
moir may  here  be  added  an  illus- 
tration of  Mr.  Backus'  power  both 
with  God  and  man.  In  settling  a 
distressing  difficulty,  the  par- 
ties had  been  detained  all  night 
until  the  dawn  of  day,  when,  after 
having  long  sat  in  silence  with 
his  head  bowed  down  and  his 
spirit  depressed,  Mr.  B.  rose  up, 
saying, — Let  us  look  to  the  throne 
of  grace  once  more;  and  then 
kneeling  down  he  prayed."  The 
effect  was  electrical.  The  parties 
relented  and  were  reconciled.  See 
Baptist  Librarij,  Memoir  of  Mr. 
Backus  above  quoted.  Encyclope- 
dia Religious  Knowledge,  and  Be- 
nedict. 

BASKETT,  William,  a  Baptist 
minister,  was  born  in  Goochland 
county,  Virginia,  October  1741  ;  at 
about  20,  married  Miss  Mary  Pace, 
a  native  of  the  same  county ;  on 
the  21st  April,  1815,  she  died,  and 


lie  on  the  30th  of  the  same  month. 
He  maintained  family  worship 
seven  years  alter  his  marriage, 
reading  his  prayers,  and  attending 
the  Episcopal  Church,  and  partook 
of  the  communion  of  the  body  and 
blood  of  Christ  while  yet  unrege- 
nerate.  About  this  time  he  and 
his  wife  first  heard  Baptist  preach- 
ing by  the  Rev.  Mr.  Corblcy,  on  a 
tour  of  evangelism,  and  were 
awakened.  Mr.  Baskett  being 
ignorant,  deeply  excited,  and 
scarcely  able  to  attend  to  his  ordin- 
ary business,  sought  advice  from 
his  rector,  who  said  that  he  always 
felt  assured  of  heaven  when  he 
kept  the  commandments.  The 
formalists  of  the  church  thought 
Mr.  B.  deranged.  He  furnished 
an  account  of  his  early  religious 
life,  in  a  letter  to  a  friend,  shortly 
previous  to  his  death,  which  is  in- 
teresting. He  says  :  "In  my  child- 
hood and  youth  I  often  promised 
God  I  would  serve  him,  if  spared 
to  be  a  man.  From  my  marriage, 
in  my  twentieth,  until  my  twenty- 
seventh  year,  I  attended  scrupu- 
lously to  secret  and  public  prayer 
and  worship,  and  to  the  ordinance 
of  the  Supper.  But  now  I  saw 
myself  a  guilty  a'^.1  undone  sinner ; 
and  during  eight  months  was  with- 
out comfort.  At  length,  one  night 
at  midnight,  on  my  bended  knees, 
imploring  divine  mercy  through 
Christ,  and  throwing  myself  at 
the  disposal  of  sovereign  grace,  my 
mind  was  turned  to  the  Avords — 
"  He  that  trusts  in  the  Lord  shall 
never  be  confounded."  I  saw  that 
"  God  was  in  Christ  reconciling 
the  world  unto  himself,  not  imput- 
ing their  trespasses  unto  them." 
For  several  days  my  heart  was 
filled  with  joy,  Since,  my  life  has 
been    a    constant    warfare;   I  am 


70 


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HAYNES'  BAPTIST 


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sensible    of  much    remaining   im-       BALDWIN,  Thomas,   D.D.,  the 
perfection,  but  cannot  fear    death  author  of  the  following  works 
or  judgment.     The  judge  is  him        '     '"        ^  .      tt.         • 

self   my    friend;  nor   do   I  appro 
hend    destruction  by  my  spiritual 


foes  or  my  trials.     It  is  God  who 


1.  Open  Communion  Examined. 
1789. 

2.  The    Baptism    of    Believers 
only,     and    the    Particular    Com- 

worketh  in  us,  both  to  will  and  tolmunion  of  the    Baptist    Churches 


do.  In  six  troubles  he  is  with  us, 
and  doth  not  forsake  us  in  the 
seventh.  If  we  pass  through  waters, 
they  can  not  overflow  us ;  if  through 
fires  they  cannot  burn  us.  I  be- 
lieve all  this  in  my  heart.  If  my 
conduct  does  not  agree  with  this, 
place  no  confidence  in  me  or  what 
I  say.  My  desire  is  to  glorify  God 
through  I  lie  remainder  of  my  life. 
The  tree  is  best  known  by  its  fruits. 
Please  to  send  an  account  of  your 
own  religious  experience." 

In  1789  Mr.  Baskett  was  ordained 
to  the  ministry,  having  from  1774 
been  active  and  zealous  in  the 
church  formed  that  year,  called 
Liles.  He  had  been  successively 
under  the  pastorship  of  Elijah 
Craig,  and  Webber.  He  was  sub- 
sequently a  pastor,  and  his  fidelity 
and  piety  were  crowned  with  hap- 
piness in  his  family,  prosperity  in 
his  afi'airs,  and  usefulness  in  the 
ministry.  He  preached  the  fune- 
ral discourse  upon  the  death  of  his 
wife,  and  Rev.  Messrs.  Purrington 
and  Hiter  both  delivered  discourses 
upon  the  death  of  Mr.  Baskett  and 
his  wife.  See  Robert  Lilly  s  piece 
in  Taylor  s  Lives  Virginia  Baptist 
Ministers,  p.  89-92. 

BATES,  J.  A  British  Baptist 
mentioned  by  Benedict  in  his  Gen. 
Hist.  Baptists,  edition  of  1848,  p. 
207,  as  author  of  "What  Baptists 

BELIEVE,  AND  OTHER   TrACTS." 

BANE,  John,  a  British  Baptist, 
author  of  "  Strict  Communion  Vin- 
dicated," Benedict,  as  quoted  in 
preceding  article,  p.  207. 


Explained  and  Vindicated.  Boston, 
8vo.  pp.  105.  1794. 

3.  Appendix  on  Baptism  and 
Communion.  8vo.   pp.   180.    1806. 

4.  Discoiirse  at  the  Thanksgiving. 
1795. 

5.  Quarterly  Sermon,  1799. 

6.  At  the  Concert  of  Prayer. 
1799. 

7.  Account  of  a  Revival  of 
Religion.  1799. 

8.  Sermon  on  the  Death  of 
Lieutenant  Governor  Phillips.  1802. 

9.  Election  Sermon.  1802. 

10.  Thanksgiving  Sermon.   1804. 

11.  Missionary  Sermon.  1804. 

12.  Ordination  Sermon  at  ordina- 
tion of  D.  Merrill.  1805. 

13.  Sermon  before   Female  Asy- 
lum.  1806. 

14.  Sermon  on  the  Death  of  Dr. 
Stillman.  1807. 

15.  Sermon  on  Artillery  Election. 
1807. 

For  a  synopsis  of  the  plan  of 
of  Dr.  Baldwin's  works  on  Bap- 
tism and  Communion,  the  reader 
is  referred  to  Benedict's  work,  (1848) 
p.  210-212. 

Mr.  Brown  has  applied  to  him 
the  following  beautiful  verse  : 

"  He  was  a  good  man.     And  amid  our  tears, 
Sweet,  grateful  thoughts  within  our  bosoms 
rise  ; 
We  trace  his  spirit  up  to  brighter  spheres, 
And  think  with  what  pure  rapturous  sur- 
prise 
He  found  himself  translated  to  the  skies  : 
From  night  at  once  awoke  to  endless  noon  ! 

Oh  I  with  what  transport  did  his  eager  eyes 
Behold  his  Lord  in  glory  I   'Twas  tlie  boon 
His  heart  had  longed  for  I    Why  deem  we  it 
came  too  soon  ?" 


CYCLOPiEDIA. 


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71 


He  was  born  23rd  Dec.  1753,  at| 
Norwich,  Coniiet;ticiit,  died  at 
Waterville,  Maine,  29th  August, 
1825,  aged  71.  He  was  educated 
a  Pa'dobaptist,  but  in  1781  was 
baptized  and  joined  the  Baptist 
Church  at  Canaan,  New  Hamp- 
shire. He  preached  his  lirst  ser- 
mon August,  1782,  was  ordained 
an  evangelist  11th  June,  178,3,  and 
in  1790  became  pastor  of  the  se- 
cond Baptist  Ciiurch,  Boston, 
wliich  rehition  he  sustained  to  the 
close  of  life.  He  was  a  member 
of  the  Convention  for  revising  the 
Constitution  of  Massachusetts,  and 
was  nominated  to  the  office  of 
Elector  for  President  just  before  he 
died.  He  was  the  most  eminent 
among  his  brethren,  not  only  in 
New  £^ngland,  but  more  than  once 
his  piety,  talents,  and  address 
quelled  the  excitement  in  the 
Baptist  Triennial  Convention  for 
the  United  States,  as  if  by  a  magi- 
cal charm.  Encyclopedia  Rel. 
Knowledge. 

BAKER,  Rev.  Elijah,  a  Bap- 
tist minister  of  Virginia,  was  born 
in  Lunenburg  county,  in  1742 ;  died 
6  November,  1798,  in  his  56th  year. 
He  was  baptized  in  1769  by  Rev. 
Mr.  Harriss,  and  became  a  member 
of  Meherrin  Church,  in  his  native 
county,  and  im.mediately  began  to 
preach  Christ  crucified,  and  soon 
after  was  ordained  pastor  of  JMa- 
lone's  Church  in  Mecklenburgh 
county,  which  office  he  sustained 
a  year,  and  then  resigned  his  pas- 
toral charge,  and  devoted  himself 
to  the  work  of  an  evangelist,  in 
which  his  labors  were  eminently 
successful,  resulting  in  the  planta- 
tion of  churches  on  the  eastern 
shore  of  Virginia,  and,  iii  fact, 
about  all  between  the  city  of  Rich- 
mond and  Hampton.     From   1773 


to  1776,  he  travelled  chiefly  in 
the  counties  of  Henrico,  New  Kent, 
&c.,  down  to  Warwick,  and  ex- 
tending his  indetatigable  labors  to 
Gloucester.  He  finally  located 
on  the  eastern  shore,  through  the 
influence  of  a  Mr.  Elliot,  who  had 
been  converted  through  his  preach- 
ing. He  was  the  first  Baptist 
minister  wjio  preached  in  that 
portion  of  Virginia,  and  on  his 
first  visit  the  failure  of  the  Episco- 
pal clergyman  to  attend  •  his  ap- 
pointment, resulted  in  his  being 
permitted  to  address  the  people  in 
the  open  air,  which  caused  tlie 
rector  to  announce  at  his  next 
meeting  his  intention  to  show  the 
errors  of  Baptists.  Mr.  Baker  at- 
tended, and  lor  a  week  afterwards 
preached  to  the  people  daily,  bap- 
tizing not  a  few  of  his  hearers,  and 
here  he  settled  and  married  Miss 
Sarah  Copeland,  and  became  pas- 
tur  of  Northampton  Church,  in 
Northampton  county,  in  1778.  He 
was  afterwards  imprisoned  in  Ac- 
conrmac  jail.  "The  atrocious  at- 
tempt to  prosecute,"  says  Mr. 
Seinple,  "  w^s  that  of  seizing  him 
by  a  lawless  power,  and  carrying 
him  on  board  a  vessel  in  the  ad- 
jacent waters,  where  they  left  him, 
having  contracted  with  the  captain 
to  make  him  work  his  passage  over 
the  seas,  alleging,  that  he  was  a 
disturber  of  the  peace.  This  took 
place  on  Saturday  night.  He  was 
immediately  put  to  work,  and 
kept  at  it  until  late  at  night.  The 
next  day  being  Sunday,  he  asked 
and  obtained  leave  of  the  captain 
to  sing  and  pray  among  the  crew. 
The  captain  attended,  and  was 
convinced  that  he  wj»s  a  good  man. 
Without  delay  he  set  him  on  shore. 
In  the  mean  time,  his  friends  had 
despatched     a   messenger    to    the 


72 


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HAYNES'  BAPTIST 


Ba 


governor,  to  obtain  authority  to 
prevent  his  being  carried  off  forcibly. 
This  they  obtained,  but  Mr.  B.  was 
discharged  before  liis  return."  "  In 
Mr.  Baker,"  says  Dr.  Lemon,  (at 
whose  house  he  died,)  "I  found 
the  Israelite  indeed,  the  humble 
Christian,  the  preacher  of  the  gos- 
pel in  the  simplicity  of  it,  and  the 
triumphant  saint  in  his  last  mo- 
ments. In  his  preaching  he  was 
very  plain,  and  generally  experi- 
mental ;  always  very  express  on 
the  doctrine  of  regeneration  ;  never 
entering  upon  the  doctrines  by 
which  he  conceived  he  would  give 
offence  to  one  or  another.  In  his 
last  illness,  I  attended  his  bed-side, 
day  and  night,  for  three  weeks, 
and  had  many  most  agreeable  con- 
versations with  him,  on  the  glori- 
ous things  of  the  kingdom  of  Christ. 
He  retained  his  senses  to  the  last 
minute,  and  seemed  rather  trans- 
lated than  to  suffer  pain  in  his  dis- 
solution. Death  was  to  him  as 
familiar  in  his  conversation  as  if  he 
talked  of  an  absent  friend  whom 
he  expected  to  visit." 

As  a  good  specimen  of  the  style 
of  a  letter  of  inquiry  into  the  his- 
tory of  the  life  of  one,  a  part  of 
whose  biography  is  known,  and 
the  remainder  sought  by  a  biograph- 
er or  historian,  Mr.  Leland  writing 
to  Mr.  Sample  may  be  quoted.  He 
says :  "  Is  it  possible  for  you  to  get 
the  biography  of  Elijah  Baker? 
He  began  his  career  in  Mecklen- 
burgh,  or  near  that  place  :  was  co- 
temporary  with  John  Williams, 
and  was  first  ordained  in  a  church 
of  that  county  ;  then  came  to  Boar- 
swamp,  and,  with  J.  Anthony,  plant- 
ed that  chilrch ;  then  to  Charles 
city,  James  city,  and  York,  where 
he  also  planted  churches  ;  thence 
he  crossed  the  Mockjack  bay,  and 


did  the  like  in  a  part  of  Glouces- 
ter, called  Guinea ;  thence  over 
the  bay  to  the  eastern  shore  of 
Virginia  and  Maryland,  where  he 
constituted  the  first  ten  Baptist 
churches  in  those  parts.  He  was 
a  man  of  humble  parentage,  small 
leanfing,  and  confined  abilities ; 
but  with  one  talent  he  did  more  than 
many  do  with  five.  If  justice 
could  be  done  his  memory,  the  de- 
tail would  make  a  rich  page  in 
your  history.  At  the  last  Salis- 
bury Association,  which  he  attend- 
ed when  nearly  worn  oat  with  dis- 
ease, at  the  close  of  the  meeting 
he  addressed  the  audience  in  a 
manner  as  if  heaven  and  earth 
were  coming  together,  and  then  re- 
turning to  Mr.  Lemon's,  soon  died." 
See  Lives  of  Virginia  Baptist 
Ministers,  by  J.  B.  Taylor,  p.  108- 
113. 

BLAKE,  Thomas,  an  English 
Puritan  Divine,  was  born  in 
Staftbrdshire,1597,  died  1657,  wrote, 
1.  Treatise  of  the  Covenant  of 
God  with  mankind.  Loud.  1643, 
4to.  2.  The  Covenant  sealed,  or 
concerning  the  Sacraments  of  both 
Covenants.  Lond.  1655,  4to.  3. 
Living  Truths  in-  Dying  Times. 
1665,  12mo.  This  is,  most  pro- 
bably, the  same  author  noticed  un- 
der the  Art.  BLACKWOOD, 
Christopher,  in  this  volume,  and 
quoted  by  Booth  (see  Bibliothe- 
CA  Britannica,)  in  his  P^dobap- 
TisM  Examined,  p.  338,  370,  as  fol- 
lows :  "  I  shall  conclude  in  the 
words  of  Mr.  Rivet.  If  a  parent 
wants  true  faith,  yet  makes  profes- 
sion of  it,  and  in  the  external  so- 
ciety of  the  church  is  accounted  a 
believer,  or  hath  been  accounted 
heretofore  under  the  Old  Testament, 
the  infants  born  of  such  parents  are 
in  covenant  with   them,  -and  par- 


Ba 


CYCLOPEDIA. 


Ba 


73 


takers  of  the  promise,  even  upon 
this  account,  because  the  promise 
was  received  of  the  ancestors  in 
behalf  of  the  posterity  that  should 
issue  from  them;  which  the  unbe- 
lief or  the  hypocrisy  of  the  inune- 
diate  parent  cannot  make  invalid, 
as  long  as  the  infant  cannot  imitate 
the  unbelief  or  hypocrisy  of  the 
parent."  Vindicia  Foederis,  chap. 
xLvn,  sec.  iii.  p.  446,  447.  "  We 
have  examples  not  to  be  contemned 
of  the  baptizing  of  wliole  house- 
holds ;  and  whether  infants  were 
there  or  no,  as  it  is  not  certain, 
though  probable,  so  it  is  not  ma- 
terial. The  precedent  is  an  house- 
hold. He  that  followeth  the  pre- 
cedent must  baptize  households. 
It  appears  not  that  any  loife  was 
there ;  j^et  he  that  followeth  the 
precedent  must  baptize  wives;  and 
so  I  may  say  sei-vants,  if  they  be  of 
the  household."  Quoted  in  Mr. 
ToMBEs's  E.vamen.  p.  141.  Booth's 
Pcedobaptism  Examined,  p.  370, 
338,  as  above  cited.  Such  a  pas- 
sage is  worthy  of  quotation  for  its 
singularity  and  sophistry.  If  all 
the  various  and  conflicting  grounds 
upon  which  Pjedobaptists  have  in 
different  ages  and  by  their  various 
writers  attempted  to  prop  up  infant 
baptism  should  be  collected  under 
heads  and  set  down  separately  in 
order,  it  might  show  how  very 
ridicnlous  and  absurd  is  a  system 
which  needs  such  defence,  and 
which  is  so  bigoted  as  to  invent 
new  devices  rather  than  to  admit 
the  truth. 

BLAKE,  Daniel.  Some  refer- 
ence was  made  to  him  under  Art. 
AXTELL,  Lady,  which  see.  To 
the  Baptists  not  only  of  South 
Carolina,  but  of  the  whole  south- 
ern and  south-western  States,  the 
history  of  this  family  is  interesting. 


on  account  of  its  connection  with 
the  beginning  of  Baptist  history, 
south  of  the  River  Potomac,  in  the 
United  States  of  America.  In  the 
"Lives  of  the  British  Admirals, 
hy  Dr.  John  Campbell.  Lond.  1817. 
in  8  vols.  8vo,"  it  is  said  (vol.  2. 
p.  298,  299)  of  Admiral  Blake: 
'•  His  descent  was  very  honorable, 
the  family  from  which  he  sprnng 
having  been  long  settled  at  Plane- 
field,  in  the  parish  of  Spaxton,  in 
Somersetshire,  (England).  Mr. 
Humphrey  Blake,  his  father,  was 
a  Spanish  merchant,  and  having 
acquired  a  considerable  fortune  for 
the  times  in  which  he  lived,  bought 
a  small  estate  in  the  neighborhood 
of  Bridgewater,  where  his  family 
had  been  long  settled.  He  had 
several  children,  the  eldest  of  whom 
was  Robert."  Robert  had  a  brother, 
Captaui  Benjamin,  mentioned  by 
Campbell,  vol.  2.  p.  311.  Daniel 
Blake  was  another  brother  of  Ro- 
bert, the  Admiral.  Oldmixon,  in 
"The  History  of  South  Carolina," 
London,  1708,  as  found  in  "  His- 
torical Collections  of  South  Caro- 
lina, by  B.  R.  Carroll,"  vol.  2,  p. 
407,  408,  409,  speaking  of  the  close 
of  Gov. West's  administration  in  the 
province  of  South  Carolina,  in 
1683,  has  this  passage :  "  Mr.  West 
is  charged  with  dealing  with  the 
Indians,  for  which,  and  opposing 
the  Proprietaries'  party,  he  was  re- 
moved in  the  year  1683,  and  .loseph 
Moreton,  Esq.,  appointed  Governor 
in  his  stead.  'Twas  about  this 
time,  that  the  persecution  rtxised 
by  the  Popish  party  in  England 
against  the  Protestant  Dissenters, 
was  at  its  height,  and  no  part  of 
this  kingdom  suffered  more  by  it 
than  Somersetshire.  The  author 
of  this  history  lived  at  the  time 
with   Mr    Bhike,    brother  to    the 


74 


HAYNES'  BAPTIST 


Ba 


famous  General  of  that  name, 
being  educated  by  his  son-in-law, 
who  taught  school  in  Bridgewater, 
and  reuieni.bers,  though  then  very 
young,  the  reasons  old  Mr,  Blake 
used  to  give  for  leaving  England  : 
one  of  which  was,  that  the  mise- 
ries they  endured,  meaning  the 
Dissenters,  then,-  were  nothing  to 
what  he  foresaw  would  attend  the 
reign  of  a  Popish  successor  ;  where- 
fore he  resolved  to  remove  to  Caro- 
lina ;  and  he  had  so  great  an  inter- 
est among  persons  of  his  principles, 
I  mean  Dissenters,  that  many  hon- 
est, substantial  persons  engaged  to 
go  over  with  him.  I  must  prevent 
all  prejudice  to  what  I  have  said, 
by  declaring  that  this  book  was 
written  by  one  who  is  not  himself 
a  Dissenter,  but  verily  believes 
the  true  Church  of  England  is  the 
most  orthodox  and  the  most  pure 
Church  in  the  world.  And  by  the 
true  Church  of  England  he  under- 
stands all  those  who  live  up  to  the 
doctrine  it  professes  ;  who,  by  their 
piety,  charity,  and  moderation,  are 
ornaments  of  our  holy  religion,  and 
do  not  blindly  espouse  a  name  out 
of  interest,  or  from  the  impressions 
of  education ;  who  pity  and  not 
hate,  such  as  dissent  from  them  ; 
who  are  loyal  to  their  prince,  sub- 
missive to  their  superiors,  true  to 
their  country,  and  charitable  to  all. 
Of  such  a  temper  is  every  true 
churchman  ;  and  may  their  num- 
bers daily  increase,  till  we  are  all 
of  one  mind  and  one  religion,  as 
we  have  but  one  God  and  one 
Saviour.  If  the  reader  will  pardon 
this  digression,  he  shall  have  no 
more,  and  so  much  'twas  necessary 
to  say,  that  he  may  not  think, 
whatever  is  said  of  Mr.  Blake  and 
his  brethren,  is  out  of  respect  to  his 
profession,'     [Baptists)   "  but  as   a 


Christian  ;  for  tho'  I  doubt  not  that 
there  may  be  many  good  Christians 
of  the  same  principles,  I  should 
esteem  them  more  if  they  would 
be  convinced  and  conform  ;  that 
the  union,  so  often  recommended 
by  our  glorious  and  gracious  Queen 
Anne,  may  be  universal.  I  say 
the  more  of  Mr.  Blake,  because  his 
family  is  one  of  the  most  consider- 
able in  this  province,"  (South 
Carolina)  "  where  he  arrived  in  the 
year  1683,  with  several  other  fa- 
milies, the  followers  of  his  fortune. 
What  estate  he  sold  in  England, 
he  sold  to  carry  the  effects  along 
with  him ;  and  tho'  the  sum  was 
not  many  thousands,  if  it  did  at  all 
deserve  the  plural  number,  yet 
'twas  all  his  great  brother  left  him, 
tho'  for  several  years  he  command- 
ed the  British  fleet ;  and  in  a  time 
when  our  naval  arms  were  victo- 
rious, and  the  treasures  of  New 
Spain  seldom  reached  home.  By 
Mr.  Blake's  presence  in  Carolina, 
the  Sober  Party,  we  call  them  so, 
in  opposition  to  Mr,  Archdale's  III 
Livers,  began  to  take  heart,  and 
the  other  to  be  discouraged  in  their 
irregular  courses.  The  gentleman 
I  just  mentioned"  (Gov.  Archdale) 
"in  his  Description  of  South  Ca- 
rolinawntes  thus  :  "  In  Gov.  More- 
ton's  time.  General  Blake's  brother, 
with  many  dissenters,  came  to  Ca- 
rolina, which  Blake,  being  a  wise 
and  prudent  person,  of  an  heroick 
temper  of  spirit,  strengthened  the 
hands  of  sober  inclined  people,  and 
kept  under  the  first  loose  and  ex- 
travagant spirits,  &c.  The  Gov., 
we  are  told,  married  Mrs."  (Miss) 
"Elizabeth  Blake,  his  daughter, 
and  by  this  alliance,  the  strength 
of  their  party  was  so  increased, 
that  we  hear  nothing  of  the  other 
till    Mr.    Colliton's    government." 


Ba 


CYCLOPAEDIA. 


75 


(Histor.  Coll.  So.  Car.  vol.  2.  p. 
407-409.)  Hewitt,  and  after  him, 
Dr.  Manly  and  others,  seem  to  have 
conlbunded  lather  and  son,  not  dis- 
criminating;  between  Daniel  and 
Joseph  Blake.  Oldmixon,  from  his 
personal  acquaintance  with  the 
Blake  family,  is,  therefore,  of  all 
others,  the  best  authority  in  such 
matters.  He  says  Mr.  Archdale, 
to  use  his  own  phrase,  "  Returned 
for  England,  being  not  sent  home." 
And  Joseph  Blake,  Esq  ,  son  of  the 
before  mentioned  Mr.  Blake" 
(Daniel)  "  became  a  Proprietary, 
and  was  looked  upon  as  the  fittest 
person  to  succeed  in  his  govern- 
ment, in  which  office  he  behaved 
himself  to  the  satisfaction  of  the 
whole  countiy,  w"hich  he  governed 
with  equal  prudence  and  caution. ' 
Histor.  Collec.  South  Car.  vol.  2,  p 
416.  Rev.  Mr.  Hewitt  makes,  Daniel 
Blake  to  have  been  Governor  as 
successor  to  Landgrave  Smith  un- 
til the  arrival  of  Gov.  Archdale. 
Histor.  Collec.  So.  Car.  vol.  I,  p. 
117  and  note,  and  Joseph  Blake, 
his  son,  to  have  been  appointed 
Governor  by  Archdale  on  his  re- 
turn to  England,  and  afterwards 
made  Governor  again.  Histor.  Coll. 
So.  Car.  vol.  1,  p.  124.  Thus  it  ap- 
pears that  Daniel  Blake's  daughter 
Elizabeth,  and  sister  of  Joseph, 
was  married  to  Gov.  Joseph  More- 
ton,  so  that  Moreton,  Daniel  Blake's 
son-in-law,  Daniel  Blake,  and  his 
son  Joseph  Blake,  each  had  the 
honour  of  being  Governor  of  the 
Province  at  different  periods  from 
1685  to  1700.  Joseph  Blake  was 
a  Presbyterian.  Histor.  Collec.  So. 
Car.  vol.  1,  p.  316.  Daniel  Blake 
was  a  Baptist  adherent,  if  he  was 
not  a  communicant,  says  Dr.  Man- 
Jey,  upon  the  authority  of  Hewitt. 
According    to    Morgan    Edwards, 


Backus,  Furman,  and  Benedict, 
Mrs.  Blake,  wife  of  Daniel,  and 
her  mother,  Mrs.  Axtetl,  were  Bap- 
tists, and  united  in  16S3  with  the 
Baptist  Church  under  Mr.  Screven's 
care,  which  is  now  the  first  Bap- 
tist Church  of  Charleston.  Lady 
Axtell  presented  the  glass  chan- 
delier to  that  church. 

An  act  was  passed  and  signed  by 
the  Governor  and  Deputies  of  the 
Province  of  South  Carolina,  4th 
November,  1704,  entitled  "  An  Act 
for  the  establishing  Religious  Wor- 
ship in  this  Province  according  to 
the  Church  of  England;  and  for 
erecting  of  Churches  for  the  pub- 
lic worship  of  God,  and  also  lor 
the  maintainance  of  Ministers,  and 
the  building  convenient  houses  for 
them."  They  established  a  High 
Commission  Court,  of  which  one 
James  Serurier,  alias  Smith,  Esq., 
was  a  prominent  and  obnoxious 
commissioner.  Oldmixon,  writing 
upon  the  subject,  says:  "It  will 
now  be  proper  to  give  a  character  of 
this  James  Serurier,  who  has  been 
mightily  employed  by  the  present 
government  in  Carolina ;  and  we 
can  not  do  it  better  than  in  using 
the  same  words  Mrs.  Blake,  mother 
of  the  Proprietary,  Joseph  Blake, 
Esq.,  writes  to  the  Lords  Proprie- 
taries. She  says  :  "  Towards  the 
satisfaction  of  the  Augustine  debt, 
an  act  was  contrived  for  forcing  the 
currency  of  bills  of  credit  to  the 
value  of  6000/.  These  bills  were 
declared  current  in  all  payments, 
and  the  refuser  of  them  sueable  in 
double  the  value  of  the  sum  refused ; 
whereby  the  boldest  stroke  has 
been  given  to  the  property  of  the 
settlers  in  this  Province  that  ever 
was  known  in  any  country  not 
governed  by  arbitrary  power.  And 
the  bad  consequences  of  this  forced 


76 


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HAYNES'  BAPTIST 


Ba 


currency,  in  relation  to  trade  with 
strangers  are  so  great,  that  they  can 
scarcely  be  exprest.     But  there  has 
nothing  of  this  been  weighed  by 
your  Lordships'  Deputies  here,  or  by 
the    packed  members  of  our  Com- 
mons House  of  Assembly.    Besides 
all  this,  we  are   not  satisfied  how 
many  bills  are  truly  sent  abroad; 
and  the  great  concern  Mr.  James 
Smith,  alias  Serurier  (who  cheated 
the  Scots'  company  out  of  a  consi- 
derable sum  of  money,  and  with  his 
keeper  made  his  escape  from  Lon- 
don hither)  had  in  this  contrivance, 
gives  a  jealousy  of  indirect  prac- 
tices."    Histor.  CoUec.  South  Car. 
vol.  2,  2).  433.      This  extract,  and 
the  very  fact  of  such  a  letter  hav- 
ing been  written  to  the  Lords  Pro- 
prietors of  the  Province  of   Caro- 
lina, and  quoted  by  Oldmixon,  is 
the  very  highest  evidence  of  Mr 
Blake's  high  character,  and  shows 
her    wisdom  and  power   of  mind, 
and    it    is    creditable  to  the    first 
Baptist  Church  of  Charleston  that 
its  earlist  members,  especially  the 
sisterhood,  were  such  persons.     It 
has  never  been  wanting  in  the  or- 
nament of  not  a  few  such  for  166 
years.  See  Art.    SCREVEN,  Wil- 
liam,   in    this    volume,    and    Art. 
CHARLESTON,  Baptist  Church, 
in  our  Historical  Gazetteer,  where 
a  full  history  will  be  given  of  the 
early  membership  of  this  Church 
BAILEY:    "Baptism   in   strict- 
ness of  speech  is  that  kind  of  ab- 
lution or  washing    which    consists 
in  dipping,  a.ndi  when  applied  to  the 
Christian  institution,  so  called,  it 
was  used  by  the  primitive  Christian 
in  no  other  sense  than  that  of  dip- 
ping, as  the  learned  Grotius  and 
Casaubon    well  observe.      But  as 
new  customs  introduce  new  signi- 
fications   of  words,    in   process    of 


time  it  admitted  the  idea  of  sprink- 
ling, as  in  the  case  of  clinical  bap- 
tism." Dictionary,  Dr.  Scott's 
edition.  1772.  Booth  in  Psedobap- 
tism  Examined,  p.  26. 

BALE,  OR  Baleus,  John,  Bishop 
of  Ossory,  in  Ireland,  was  born  in 
Suftolk,  1494,  died  1563.  He  was, 
according  to  Robert  Watt,  the  able 
and  voluminous  author  of  nearly 
twoscore  learned  works.  He  was 
a  zealous  Protestant,  and  powerful 
and  vindictive  against  the  Papal 
Hierarchy.  The  earliest  of  his 
published  books  enumerated  in  the 
Bibliotheca  Britannica  under  his 
name  is  entitled  "A  Brefe  Comedy, 
or  Enterlude,  of  John  Baptyste's 
Preachyng  in  the  Wyldernesse, 
openynge  the  Craftye  Assaultes  of 
Hypocrites ;  with  the  Glorious  Bap- 
tistyme  of  our  Lord  Jesus  Christ. 
1584,  1588,  Svo."  Of  the  curious 
titles  of  his  multifarious  writings 
one  other  only  will  be  here  cited 
— "'The  Pageant  of  Popes,  con- 
taining the  Lives  of  all  the  Bishops 
of  Rome,  from  the  beginning  of 
them  to  the  year  1555.  Translated 
from  the  Latin  by  John  Studley, 
Lond.     1584.  Svo. 

BAPTIST,  Edward,  a  Baptist 
minister,  then  of  Virginia,  now  re- 
siding in  Alabama,  known  as  the 
author  of:  "A  Series  of  Letters 
addressed  to  the  Pamphleteer,  in 
reply  to  an  Essay  on  Baptism.  By 
Rev.  Edward  Baptist.  Richmond, 
Va.,  Svo.  pp.  74.  1830."  This 
pamphlet  was  first  published  over 
the  signature  of  "Wickliffe,"  in  re- 
ply to  Dr.  Rice,  a  Presbyterian 
Divine  of  the  Old  Dominion.  It 
is  in  our  possession.  Dr.  Rice  ar- 
gued that  the  term  household  ne- 
cessarily implied  ini'ants,  when  Mr. 
Baptist  retorted  that  there  were  no 
infants  in  Dr  R's  household,  which 


=dJ 


Ba 


CYCLOPAEDIA. 


Ba 


77 


'{} 


literally  toiled  him,  as  the  fact  was 
notable.  Benedict  notices  this 
■book  (ed  184S)  p.  21S,  219. 

BABCOCK.  Rev.  Rufls,  D.D., 
author  oT  "  A  Review  of  Mr.  Beck- 
with's  Sermon — a  dissuasive  from 
controversy  on  the  mode  of  Bap- 
tism,"— a  tract.  Dr.  Babcock  is 
yet  living  in  the  prime  of  life,  and 
therefore  will  not  be  further  noticed 
except  under  Art.  BIBLE  SOCIE- 
TY,    Am.  and  For.,  in  our  Gazet- 

BARNES,  Rev.  Albert.  In  his 
Notes  on  Rom.  vi.  4.  says  :  "  There- 
fore we  are  buried,  Sfc.  It  is  alto- 
gether probable  that  the  Apostle, 
in  this  place,  had  allusion  to  the 
custom  of  baptizing  by  immersion. 
This  can  not  indeed  be  proved,  so 
as  to  be  liable  to  no  objection  ;  but, 
I  presume,  this  is  the  idea  that 
would  strike  the  mass  of  unpreju- 
diced readers."  While  it  is  ad- 
mitted that  the  allusion  here  was 
probably  to  the  custom  of  immer- 
sion in  baptism,  &c,  he  elsewhere 
says  that  tiie  Hebrew  word  taral 
always  signifies  to  dip  or  imnierse, 
but  adds — dip  in  order  to  sprinkle 
under  the  Mosaic  institution.  His 
words  are  not  quoted  but  his 
meaning  is  as  stated. 

BAINE,  Joseph.  A  Baptist  mi- 
nister of  England,  was  a  native  of 
Downshire,  in  Scotland,  but  having 
removed  to  England  in  early  life, 
he  became  the  subject  of  decided 
piety,  and  was  called  to  the  minis- 
terial office  about  the  year  1800, 
at  Portsmouth,  in  Hampshire.  Af- 
ter preaching  a  short  time  at  Daven- 
port, in  the  same  county,  he  was 
invited  to  the  pastoral  office  of  the 
church  at  Potter-street,  Harlow, 
the  duties  of  which  he  discharged 
with  considerable  acceptance  for 
twenty-seven  years.     The  interest 


being  low,  and  the  salary  small. 
Mr.  Baine  was  encouraged  to  erect 
a  neat  house  for  the  minister, 
which  was  built  on  a  spot  of  land 
near  the  meeting'house.  granted  by 
the  lord  of  the  manor  for  that  pur- 
pose, in  collecting  for  which,  his 
appeal  to  the  churches  was  very 
successful.  He  was  likewise,  about 
the  same  time,  successfully  em- 
ployed to  collect  for  several  build- 
ing cases  in  Cornwall,  where  con- 
siderable exertions  had  been  made 
in  behalf  of  the  Baptist  cause,  by 
Opie  Smith,  Esq.,  of  Bath,  whose 
praise  was  in  all  the  Churches. 
T  hough  Mr.  Baine  possessed  none 
of  those  talents  which  command 
public  admiration,  nor  literary  ad- 
vantages with  which  many  are 
favored,  he  was  nevertheless  a  good 
minister  of  Jesus  Christ.  His 
views  of  truth  were  decidedly 
evangelical,  and  his  style  of  preach- 
ing plain,  experimental,  and  affec- 
tionate. His  piety  was  uniform 
and  fervent,  and  his  tone  of  con- 
versation serious  and  devotional. 
His  concern  for  the  salvation  of 
souls,  and  the  prosperity  of  the  Re- 
deemer's Kingdom  at  Irome  and 
abroad,  produced  a  steady  course 
of  exertion  in  his  own  sphere,  and 
disposed  him  to  approve  and  coun- 
tenance the  exertions  of  others. 
To  his  ministering  brethren  of  all 
persuasions  he  evinced  the  true 
spirit  of  Christian  charity.  What- 
ever predilections  he  might  have 
for  his  own  views,  and  the  deno- 
mination with  which  he  stood  con- 
nected, there  was  nothing  in  his 
conversation  or  manners  in  the 
least  obtrusive,  sectarian,  bigoted, 
unsocial,  or  unbecoming  the  meek- 
ness and  benevolence  of  a  Christ- 
'ian.  Free  from  family  cares,  as 
well    as  literary  and  secular  pur- 


78 


Ba 


HAYNKS'  BAPTIST 


Be 


suits,  he  devoted  his  time  with 
great  diligence  and  affection  to  the 
duties  of  his  ministry,  and  was 
encouraged  by  many  pleasing  to- 
kens of  usefulness,  and  the  steady 
attachment  of  his  people  to  the 
last.  And  while  he  laboured  much 
for  their  spiritual  and  temporal 
interests,'  the  consistency  and  irre- 
proachabieness  of  his  conduct  at- 
tested the  sincerity  of  his  principles, 
and  received  those  marks  of  esteem 
from  persons  of  all  persuasions, 
which  every  minister  of  Christ 
should  be  most  anxious  to  obtain. 
Indeed,  the  tribute  of  respect  paid 
to  his  memo»y,  on  the  occasion  of 
his  death,  was  a  cheering  instance 
of  the  spontaneous  and  unbought 
affection  which  his  sterling  piety, 
spirituality,  and  holy  conversation 
inspired.  He  died  3rd  Feb.  1830, 
aged  seventy-seven.  London  New 
Bap.  Miscel. 

BRAIDWOOD,  William,  a  Scot- 
tish Baptist  minister,  who  was 
fifty  years  pastor  of  the  church  in 
Pleasance,  Edinburgh,  and  asso- 
ciate of  M'Lean,  Inglis,  Peddle, 
and  other  Scotch  Baptist  Ministers. 
He  died  at  an  advanced  age,  13th 
October,  1830.  Lond.  New  Bop. 
Miscel. 

BRAUNUS,  Johannes,  author 
of  De  Vestatu  Sacerdom  Hebrae- 
orum.  Ludg.  Bat.  1670,  4to.  Ainst. 
1701,  4to.  Selecta  Sacra,  libri 
quinque.  Amst.  1700.  Doctrina 
Foederum,  Sive  Systema  Theolo- 
gian. Amst.  1702,  2  vols.  This  last 
work  is  quoted  below : 

"  By  baptism  we  are  plunged 
under  the  water,  and,  as  it  were, 
buried  ;  but  we  do  not  continue 
in  a  state  of  death,  for  we  imme- 
diately rise  again  from  thence  :  to 
signify,  that  we,  through  the  merits 
of  Christ,  and  with  Christ  mortify 


the  old  man,  are  buried  with  Christ, 
and  with  him  arise  to  newness  of 
life.  We  are  buried  with  him, 
through  baptism,  into  death,  that 
like  as  Christ  ivas  raised  from  the 
dead,  to  the  glory  of  the  father,  so 
we  also  should  walk  in  newness  of 
life,  lloin.  vi.  4-5."  Doc.  Feed.  Pars 
IV.  cap.  xxi.  §ii.  Booth  in  Pse- 
dobaptism  Examined,  p.  75. 

"  The  Israelites  are  said  to  be 
baptized  in  the  cloud  and  in  the 
sea,  and  it  represented  a  death  and 
a  resurrection,  1  Pet.  iii.  21,  Rom. 
vi.  3,  4.  Doctrina  Feed.  Lee.  xviii. 
ex.  '^  7.  Booth  in  Pasdobaptism 
Examined,  p.  75. 

"  Christ  went  down  into  Jordan, 
to  be  baptized  by  John,  Matt.  iii. 
The  same  thing  seems  to  be  inti- 
mated by  the  Apostle  when  he 
speaks  of  being  buried  by  baptism, 
Col.  ii.  12  ;  Rom.  vi.  3,  4  ;  Gal.  iii. 
27."  Doctrina  Feed.  Pars  iv.  cap. 
X3^.  §  8.  Booth,  Paedobaptism 
Examined,  p.  92. 

BRANTLY,  W.  T.,  D.D.  At 
present  the  reader  is  referred  for  a 
biography  of  this  great  and  good 
man  to  the  History  of  Georgia 
Baptists  and  to  the  Christian  Re- 
view. He  was  the  author  of  two 
tracts  which  will  be  noticed  under 
Art.  Am.  Bap.  Pub.  Soc.  in  our 
Gazetteer.  His  best  production 
was  a  Review  of  Milman's  History 
of  Christianity  in  the  Southern 
Quarterly  Review,  shortly  previous 
to  his  decease. 

BECON,  Thomas.  In  the  reign 
of  Edward  VI.  he  was  chaplain  to 
Cranmer.  He  was  a  most  bitter 
enemy  of  the  Baptists,  and  wrote : 
Three  .Disputations  against  the 
Anabaptists.  He  wrote  also  a 
Catechism  of  more  than  300  pages, 
in  which  he  asperses  the  opposers  of 
infant  baptism.     Benedict,  p.  265. 


Be 


CYCLOPEDIA. 


Be 


79 


BEEBY.  W.  T.  Esq.  This  is  a 
modern  Baptist  author.  His  -work 
is  entitled  "  The  Anabaptists  of 
the  16th  century,  contaiiring  a 
chronological  account  ot"  the  origin, 
principles,  and  practice  oi"  the  lat- 
ter; and  showing,  that  the  first 
British  Christians,  for  five  hundred 
years,  were  Baptists ;  that  infant 
baptism  originated  at  the  same 
time  as  many  other  corruptions  in  ■ 
the  Romish  Church;  that  immer- 
sion was  the  mode  of  baptism  im- 
mediately during  and  for  nrore  than 
1300  years  subsequent  to  the  Apos- 
tles' times,  and  always  has  been, 
and  is  still,  the  prescribed  manner 
of  administering  the  ordinance  in 
the  Protestant  Established  Church 
of  England.  By  W.  T.  Beeby,  Esq. 
3rd  ed.  Lond.  12mo.,  pp  48.  Be- 
nedict, p.  202. 

BELL,  Elder  James,  was  born 
in  Sussex  county,  Va.  in  1745.  His 
parents  were  connected  with  the 
Episcopal  Church,  and  conformed 
to  all  its  externals,  while  it  seems 
they  did  not  make  any  pretensions 
to  renewal  of  heart.  Their  children 
being  educated  to  regard  the  forms 
of  Episcopacy,  the  subject  of  this 
sketch  continued  his  adherence  un- 
til his  conversion  to  God. 

Of  his  earlier  years  but  little  is 
known,  excepting,  that  in  child- 
hood he  gave  indications  of  a  mind 
highly  gifted  by  nature.  When 
he  arrived  at  manhood,  and  a  full 
developement  of  his  talents  was 
made,  he  became  the  subject  of 
much  admiration  and  esteem.  He 
was  invited  to  several  important 
offices,  in  Sussex  county,  which  he 
accepted  and  filled,  to  the  satisfac- 
tion of  all.  Having  been  urged 
to  become  a  candidate  for  the  Ge- 
neral Assembly  of  Virginia,  he 
was  elected  by    a  large  majority. 


The  county  was  represented  by 
him  ibr  many  years,  during  which 
time  he  became  increasingly  popu- 
lar, and  enjoyed  the  respect,  not 
only  of  his  own  countrymen,  but 
of  many  of  the  surrounding  conn- 
ties. 

Li  the  midst  of  this  prosperity 
he  lived  without  God.  How  strange- 
ly  does  the  perverseness  of  the 
human  heart  exhibit  itself,  by  a 
proud  neglect  of  the  Bible  and  its 
requirements,  in  proportion  to  the 
number  and  variety  of  earthly 
blessings  enjoyed.  Especially  when 
elevation  in  official  dignity  is  at- 
tained, are  men  prone  to  look  down 
with  contempt  on  those  obligations 
imposed  by  the  God  of  heaven. 
It  is  esteemed  a  meanness  to  em- 
brace the  doctrines  and  obey  the 
precepts  of  Him  who  died  on  the 
cross.  Thus  it  was  with  Mr.  Bell. 
But  God,  who  is  rich  in  mercy, 
subdued  the  enmity  of  his  heart, 
and  led  him  into  the  path  of  life. 
Thoughtfulness  on  divine  things 
was  at  first  occasioned  by  a  visit  of 
his  brother  Benjamin,  who,  for 
some  years,  had  resided  at  the 
south,  and  who  had  become  a  mem- 
ber of  the  Baptist  church.  The 
relation  his  brother  gave  of  the 
change  he  had  experienced,  and 
the  affectionate  concern  which  was 
manifested  for  his  welfare,  aifected 
'him  deeply.  His  eyes  were  opened 
to  discover  his  o^wn  miserable  con- 
dition, and  in  the  anguish  of  his 
soul,  he  began  to  inquire  for  the 
wayof  salvation.  He  was  brought 
into  a  new  world.  Christ  became 
the  foundation  of  his  hopes,  and 
exceedingly  precious  to  his  heart. 
I  The  whole  current  of  his  desires 
and  habits  now  received  a  new  di- 
rection. He  renounced  his  worldly 
honors;   not  because  he  esteemed 


80 


Be 


HAYNES'  BAPTIST 


Be 


the  occupancy  of  honorable  stations 
in  civil  life  inconsistent  with  his 
relation  to  Christ,  but  because  he 
felt  it  his  duty  to  spend  his  days  in 
preaching  the  gospel.  According- 
ly having  been  baptized  by  Elder 
John  Meglaniare,  he  began  to  re- 
commend the  service  of  his  new 
master  to  all  around  him. 

The  baptism  of  Elder  Bell  oc- 
curred in  1770.  He  attached  him- 
self to  the  church  called  Raccoon 
8wamp,  and  continued  among  them 
until  within  a  short  time  previous 
to  his  death,  when  he  joined  Sap- 
pony  church.  After  laboring  some 
time  as  an  itinerant,  he  was  called 
to  take  the  pastoral  care  of  Sap- 
pony  church.  He  was  instrumen- 
tal in  winning  many  souls  to  God 
and  building  up  the  churches.  He 
was  zealous  in  the  performance  of 
his  work,  and  his  zeal  was  accord- 
ing to  knowledge.  The  unblemish- 
ed character  which  he  sustained 
did  much  to  render  his  ministry 
useful.  All  respected  him  as  a  con- 
sistent follower  of  the  Redeemer. 
The  ministerial  career  of  this  ser- 
vant of  God  was  short.  His  death 
occurred,  September,  1778,  about 
eight  years  after  his  connection 
with  the  church,  and  in  his  43rd 
year.  Some  time  before  his  depar- 
ture, he  desired  that  all  his  family 
miglat  be  collected  together,  that 
he  might  give  his  dying  advice. 
It  was  an  afiecting  scene.  The 
man  of  God  just  on  the  verge  of 
heaven,  and  leaving  behind  him 
many  who  would  be  exposed  to 
the  corrupting  influence  of  this 
world,  could  not  be  satisfied  with- 
out giving  once  more  the  voice  of 
affectionate  warning.  He  exhorted 
his  children  and  all  who  were 
present  to  make  preparation  for 
another  world.     In   the  most   dis 


tinct  terms  he  referred  to  his  own 
prospects,  declaring  that  Christ, 
and  Christ  alone,  was  the  founda-. 
tion  of  his  hope.  Elder  Burkitt 
being  present,  was  requested  to 
preach  his  funeral  sermon  Irom 
the  words  of  Paul :  "  It  is  a  faith- 
ful saying,"  &c.  Thus  was  God 
pleased  in  his  inscrutable  wisdom, 
to  deprive  the  church  at  Sappony 
of  her  beloved  pastor,  and  the 
cause  at  large  of  an  efficient  helper. 
"How  unsearchable  are  his  judg- 
ments and  his  ways  past  finding 
out."  Taylor's  Virg.  Sap.  Minis. 
BELL,  Elder  William,  was  a 
native  of  Scotland,  whence  he  emi- 
grated to  tliis  country  in  1817,  and 
tor  the  last  seventeen  years  had 
been  a  resident  of  Pattonsburg. 
He  was  for  some  years  a  minister 
of  an  Independent  Paedobaptist 
church  in  Scotland,  having  separ- 
ated from  the  Presbyterian,  the 
established  church,  on  account  of 
errors  in  doctrine  and  in  church 
government.  Having  taken  the 
word  of  God  as  the  only  rule  of 
his  faith  and  practice,  he,  in  search- 
ing the  scriptures,  found  that  he 
had  been  in  error,  both  as  regarded 
the  subject  and  mode  of  baptism. 
Deeply  affected  with  a  sense  of  his 
situation,  he  publicly  confessed  his 
error,  and  directed  the  attention  of 
his  brethren  to  their  duty  as  believ- 
ers ;  the  result  was,  that  he,  to- 
gether with  the  members  of  his 
church,  were  solemnly  immersed 
in  the  name  of  the  Father,  Son,  and 
Holy  Ghost.  But  in  consequence 
of  the  want  of  an  evangelical 
Baptist  minister,  to  administer  the 
ordinance,  the  series  of  baptisms 
was  commenced  by  one  of  the  el- 
ders of  the  church,  who  had  been 
set  apart  for  that  purpose,  but  who 
was   not  himself  immersed   until 


Be 


CYCLOPEDIA. 


Be 


81 


alter  he  had  first  immersed  the 
subject  of  this  notice.  Under  his 
ministry  others  received  the  truth, 
and  lie  liad  tlie  pleasure  of  seeing, 
previous  to  his  leaving  Scotland, 
some  hundreds  obeying  the  Lord, 
by  ibllowing  him  into  the  watery 
grave,  and  by  continuing  steadfast- 
ly in  the  Apostles'  doctrine,  and 
in  fellowship,  and  in  breaking  of 
bread.  After  his  migration  to  this 
country,  the  wants  of  a  large  fa- 
mily, and  the  peculiar  nature  of 
his  employments,  confined  him  con- 
stantly to  the  place  of  his  residence, 
consequently  his  acquaintance  was 
limited,  and  his  usefulness  circum- 
scribed to  a  small  sphere.  Never- 
theless, from  his  settlement  in  this 
country,  to  the  Sabbath  before  Ms 
death,  (upon  which  day  he  walked 
a  mile  into  the  country,  and 
preached  for  the  last  time  from 
Acts  XV.  9,)  he  ceased  not  to 
preach  that  gospel  which  had  been 
the  power  of  God  in  his  own  sal- 
vation, as  opportunity  ofiered,  both 
in  the  town  in  which  he  resided, 
and  in  the  adjacent  comitry.  He 
also  sought  the  acquaintance  of 
ministers  of  the  gospel,  professors 
of  religion,  and  serious  persons, 
and  endeavored,  affectionately  and 
forcibly,  to  point  out  their  errors, 
and  to  expound  unto  them  the  way 
of  God  more  perfectly.  Although 
not  blessed  with  more  than  an  or- 
dinary English  education,  he  had, 
by  close  study,  particularly  of  the 
scriptures,  acquired  a  more  thorough 
knowledge  of  the  word  of  God, 
and  clearer  views  of  the  plan  of 
salvation  by  grace,  through  faith 
in  the  Lord  Jesus  Christ,  and  a 
more  perspicuous  and  forcible  me- 
thod of  carrying  knowledge  to 
others,  than  that  of  any  public 
minister  with  whom  the  writer  of 


this  is  acquainted  in  this  country. 
Taylor's   Virg.   Bap.  iMinis. 

BENTLEl',  Richard,  Regius 
Professor  of  Divinity,  and  master 
of  Trinity  College,  a  most  eminent 
scholar  and  critic,  was  born  1661, 
died  1772.  The  work  from  which 
Booth  quotes  below  was  entitled 
"  Remarks  upon  Mr.  Collins  Dis- 
course of  Freethinking,  in  two 
parts,  by  Philelentherus  Lipsi- 
ensis.  Lond.  1723.  8vo. ;  also, 
1719,  and  Camb.  1725,  8vo.  Lond. 
1731.      This  learned  testimony  is  : 

"  Baptimnous  baptisms,  dip- 
pings— baptison  seauton  eis  thala- 
son,  f//p  yourself  in  the  sea.  Disc, 
on  Free  Thinking,  part  2.  p.  56,  57. 
Ed.  6.  Booth,  p.  17. 

BEATTIE,  James,  L.L.D.,  born 
1735,  died  1803,  an  eminent  Scotch 
critic,  poet,  philosopher,  and  logi- 
cian, and  learned  writer,  says  most 
truly  what  is  applicable  to  Paedo- 
baptist  writers  and  aspersers  of  the 
true  origin   of  the    Baptists,  that; 

"  They  who  allow  themselves  to 
contradict  matter  of  fact,  either  in 
conversation  or  writing,  will  find 
it  no  easy  matter  to  avoid  contra- 
dicting themselves."  Essay  on 
Truth,  part  IL  p.  170.  Note,  Edit. 
1.  Apen.  Booth,  Psedobaptism 
Examined,  p.  459. 

BENGEL  OR  BENGELIUS,  John 
Albert,  a  learned  German  Divine, 
born  at  Winneder,  in  the  duchy  of 
Wirtemberg,  1687,  died  17S2.  His 
work  best  known  is  his  excellent 
edition  of  the  Greek  Testament ; 
also  Gnomon  Nov.  Test,  in  quo  ex 
nativa  Verborum  vi.  Simplicitas, 
profunditas,  concinnatas  sensuum 
Coelestium  indicatur.  Stet.  1742, 
1759.  The  best  ^ition  was  print- 
ed at  Ulm,  1763,  4to.  Booth  quotes 
ithis  author  appropriately. 
'      "  He    that   is   baptized   puts  on 


82 


Be 


HAYNES'  BAPTIST 


Be 


Christ,  the  second  Adam;  he  is 
baptized,  I  say,  into  a  whole  Christ, 
and,  therefore,  also  into  his  death  : 
and  it  is  like  as  if,  in  that  very 
moment,  Christ  suffered,  died,  and 
was  buried  for  such  a  man ;  and 
such  a  man  suffered,  died,  and 
was  buried  with  Christ."  Gnomon. 
Ad.  Rom.  vi.  3.  Booth,  Psedobap- 
tisin  Examined,  p.  67. 

"  They  were  baptized  in  the 
cloud  inasmuch  as  they  were  under 
it ;  and  in  the  sea,  seeing  they 
passed  througli  it ;  but  neither  the 
cloud  nor  the  sea  wetted,  much  less 
immersed  them,  (though  some  con- 
jecture from  Psalms  Ixviii.,  and 
cv.  39,  that  a  miraculous  rain  fell 
from  the  cloud,)  nor  is  the  appella- 
tion of  baptism  extant  in  the  nar- 
rative of  Moses.  Nevertheless,  Paul 
very  agreeably  denominates  it  thus, 
because  a  cloud  and  the  sea  are 
both  of  a  watery  nature  ,  there- 
fore, Paul  says  nothing  of  a  fiery 
pillar :  and  because  the  cloud  and 
the  sea  withdrew  the  fathers  from 
sight,  and  returned  them  almost  in 
a  similar  manner,  as  the  waters 
do  those  that  are  baptized."  Gno- 
mon in  loc.  Booth,  Paedobaptism 
Examined,  p.  76. 

He  says,  ad  Matt.  xiv.  13,  "that  if 
the  parents  of  these  children  had 
requested  baptism  for  them  it 
would  not  have  been  denied." 
Booth,  in  Paedobaptism  Examined, 
p.  349. 

He  considers  the  holiness  of  the 
children,  and  of  the  unbelieving 
parent,  as  the  same;  because  i^-naa-Tai, 
and  ayia£o-T(j  (lifler  only  as  to  be 
made  holy  differs  from  to  be  holy. 
[Gnomon,  in  loc.)  If,  then,  that 
sanctification  of*  the  unbelieving 
hijsband,  gives  him  no  claim  to 
baptism  ;  the  holiness  thence  aris 
ing  can  not  invest  his  children  with 


such  a  right.  Booth,  in  Paedo- 
baptism  Examined,  p.  390. 

BECKMANUS.  Whether  Booth 
quotes  John  Beckman,  of  the  Uni- 
versity of  Goettingen,  or  Christi- 
anus  Bornensis  Beckmanus,  or  Jo. 
Chr.  Becmanus,  we  cannot  now 
determine,  since  the  title  of  the 
work  quoted  is  found  under  neither 
name  in  the  catalogue  of  their 
writings.  All  of  the  three  were 
learned  authors,  and  either  is  good 
authority. 

"  Baptism,  according  to  the  force 
of  its  etymology,  is  immersion,  and 
washing  or  dipping."  Exercit. 
Theolog.  Exercit.  xvii.  p.  257. 

"That  the  word  H^^iyireven,  accord- 
ing to  its  etymology,  signifies  to 
make  disciples,  is  readily  allowed 
by  all.  But  this  is  not  effected 
without  instruction.  For  he  who 
as  ii»^>iry,i,  learns  from  another,  is 
rationally  taught  so?nethinghy  him. 
They,  therefore,  are  disciples 
who  are  taught  and  lear>i.  Hence, 
u-cc^fiTivu,  is  to  teach  and  instruct 
others.  ua.!^yirtvi!-xre,  therefore,  can 
not  gain  any  thing  thence,  in  de- 
fence of  their  cause.  For  how 
are  people  made  the  disciples  of 
Christ?  Certainly  by  teaching. 
Hence  the  Syriac  interpreter  ;  teach 
all  pieople.  Yea,  Mark  plainly  in- 
timates that  the  gospel  was  to  be 
preached,  or  instruction  communi- 
cated, to  the  nations  ;  saying,  go 
into  all  the  world,  jireach  the  gos- 
pel to  every  creature  :  thus  explain- 
ing |M.«^»T£i;!raT£,  in  Matthew."  Ex- 
ercitat  Theolog.  Exercitat.  xxii.  p. 
260.  Booth  in  Paedobaptism  Ex- 
amined, p.  317. 

BESSEL,  Godfrey  De,  a  learn- 
ed Abbe  of  the  convent  of  Bene- 
dictines of  Gotturich,  was  born  at 
Buchleim,  in  the  Electorate  of 
Mentz,  1672,  died  1749.      He  pub- 


Be 


CYCLOPAEDIA. 


Be 


83 


lished  St.  Augustine's  Letters  to 
Optatus  de  Pcsnis  Parvulorum  qui 
sine  baptisniate  decederunt.  Vien- 
na, 1733.  Bib.  Brit. 

BRETT,  Thomas,  L.L.D.,  born 
in  Kent,  l(i67;  died  1743,  was  an 
eminent  divine  and  a  great  contro- 
versial writer.  Among  his  writings 
were, — A  Letter  to  the  author  of 
Lay-Baptism  invalid,  wherein  the 
doctrine  of  Lay-baptism  taught  in 
a  sermon,  said  to  have  been  preached 
by  B—  of  S— ,  Nov.  1700,  is  cen- 
sured and  condemned  by  all  Re- 
formed Churches.  Lond.  1711. 
Mr.  Bingham's  Scholastical  History 
considered,  concerning  baptism  by 
Laymen.  Lond.  1713,  8vo.  Five 
Sermons,  on  the  honor  of  Christian 
Priesthood  ;  The  extent  of  Christ's 
Commission  to  baptize  ;  Tlie  Christ- 
ian Altar  and  Sacrifice  ;  The  Dan- 
gers of  a  Relapse,  and  True  Mo- 
deration. 1715.  The  Divine  Right 
of  Episcopacy,  &c.  The  Answer 
to  a  Plain  Account  of  the  Sacra- 
ment, and  various  other  more  im- 
portant works.  Bib.  Brit. 

BEZA,  Theodore,  a  native  of 
France,  an  eminent  scholar,  and 
one  of  the  chief  promoters  of  the 
Reformation,  was  born  in  1519, 
died  1606.  The  enumeration  of 
the  titles  of  his  works  would  occu- 
py three  or  more  pages  of  this 
work,  should  it  include  a  notice  of 
the  various  editions  and  transla- 
tions. Those  most  pertinent  to 
our  purpose  are : 

1.  Propositions  or  Articles  drawn 
out  of  Holy  Scripture,  shewing  the 
cause  of  continual  variance  in 
the  Dutch  Church  in  London,  and 
thought  meet  to  be  published  for 
staying  of  other  congregations 
which  in  these  days  do  spring  up. 
Subscribed  vnto  by  Theod.  Beza, 
and    divers     other     preachers    be- 


Printed    in    English 
by     R.   Jugge,   1568, 


yond    sea. 
and  Latine, 
4to. 

2.  Quae.stionvm  et  responsio- 
num  Christianarvm,  pars  altera, 
queestde  Sacramentis.  Lond.  1577. 
8vo. 

3.  The  True  Understanding  of 
these  words :  This  is  my  body,  &c., 
by  Tho.  Erastas.  Also  Beza's 
Treatise  on  the  Sacraments  in  ge- 
neral, translated  by  John  Shutt. 
Lond.   1578.  16mo. 

4.  Theodore  Beza,  his  little  Ca- 
techism. 1578. 

5.  The  Pope's  Canons  ;  wherein 
the  venerable  and  great  Masters 
of  the  Romish  Church  are  confut- 
ed in  these  ten  discourses  following, 
with  divers  other  nuitters,  as  ap- 
peareth  in  the  page  next  ensuing. 
Of  the  Holy  Supper ;  of  the  one 
only  Mediator ;  of  Purgatory ;  of 
the  Council  of  Follete ;  of  the  con- 
fession vnto  God  ;  of  the  Church ; 
of  Free-will ;  of  Marriage  and  Vows; 
of  Fasting  and  Meats  ;  of  Lnages. 
Translated  out  of  the  French  into 
English,  by  T.  S.  Gentleman. 
Lond.  1587,  16mo.  under  a  volume 
of  31  sermons,  there  is  also 

5.  Two  very  learned  Sermons, 
together  with  a  short  Sum  of  the 
Sacrament  of  the  Lord's  Supper, 
&c.,  whereunto  is  added,  A  Treatise 
of  the  Lord's  Supper,  and  two 
Prayers  at  the  end.  Lond.  1588. 
8vo.  Booth  quotes  from  this 
author  as  follows . 

"  Christ  commanded  us  to  be 
baptized,  by  which  word,  it  is  cer- 
tain,zmmfrs«o/ns  signified  B«5rTi|f<r««,, 

in  this  place,  is  more  than  x'/""»''"«" ; 
for  the  former  seems  to  respect  the 
whole  body,  the  latter  only  the 
hands.  Nor  does  baptizein  signify  to 
wash,  only  on  the  hands,  except  by 
consequence  ;  for  it  properly  signi- 


84 


Be 


HAYNES'  BAPTIST 


Be 


fies  to  immerse  for  the  sake  of  dip- 
ping." Epistola  II.  ad  Thom.  Til- 
lUM,  apend.  Spanheim.  Dub.  Evang. 
Pare.  iii.  Dub.  24.  Annotat.  in 
Marc.  vii.  4.  Booth,  in  Pajdobap- 
tism  Examined,  pp.  17,  18. 

"  Ye  have  put  on  Christ.  This 
custom  seems  to  proceed  from  the 
ancient  custom  of  plunging  the 
adult  in  baptism."  Annotat.  ad 
Gal.  iii.  27.  Booth,  Paedobaptism 
Examined,  p.  86. 

BRES,  Guy  De.  This  is  one  of 
the  innumerable  authors  to  whom 
Bayle  refers,  as  writers  against  the 
Anabaptists,  and  one  which  he 
omitted  to  name.  His  work  was 
entitled,  "  La  Racine,  Source,  et 
Fondement  des  Anabaptistes  de 
nostre  temps,  avec  refutation  des 
leurs  arguments.  1595,  8vo.  Biblio. 
Brit. 

BEAUCAIRE,  De  Peguilon 
Frances,  in  Latin,  Belcarius  Pegui- 
lio,  bishop  of  Metz,  a  man  of  some 
note  in  the  16th  century,  was 
born  1514,  died  1591.  His  history, 
says  Robert  Watt,  which  extends 
from  1461  to  1580,  or,  according 
to  Mr.  Bayle,  from  1462  to  1567, 
is  not  very  properly  called  a  history 
of  his  own  times.  The  title  of  the 
publication,  however,  is,  Rerum 
Gallicarum  Commentaria,  ab  A. 
1462,  usque  ad  A.  1566.  Lyons,  1625, 
fol.  His  tract  on  the  baptism  of 
Infants,  alluded  to  by  Beza,  may 
perhaps  be,  Traite  des  Enfans  morts 
dans  la  sein  de  leurs  Meres.  1567, 
8vo.  The  question  being,  whether 
children  dying  in  the  womb,  and 
consequently  without  baptism,  are 
saved,  which  he  was  disposed  to 
answer  in  the  negative.  Bib. 
Brit. 

BEHMEN,  or  BEOHMAN, 
James,  founder  of  the  sect  of  Beh- 
manists,  born  near  Gorlitz,  Upper 


Lusatia,  1575;  died  1624.  Among 
his  writings  and  publications  was 
— "  Christ's  Sacraments,  viz. :  Bap- 
tism and  the  Supper,  by  J.  Sparrow. 
Lond.  1652,  4to.  See  Sparrow  and 
Bib.  Brit. 

BENNET,  Thomas,  an  eminent 
English  divine,  born  at  Salisbury 
1673,  died  1728.  Among  his  nu- 
merous works  were — "  A  Discourse 
on  the  necessity  of  being  baptized 
with  water,  and  receiving  the 
Lord's  Supper,  taken  out  of  the 
Confutation,  &c.  Camb.  1707, 12mo. 
This  was  part  of  a  work  entitled 
"  A  Confutation  of  Quakerism," 
&c.  against  Mr.  Barclay.  Another 
of  his  works  worthy  of  notice  was, 
"  The  Rights  of  the  Clergy  of  the 
Christian  Church,  or  a  Discourse 
showing  that  God  hath  given  and 
appropriated  to  the  clergy,  authori- 
ty to  ordain,  preach,  baptize,  &c. 
Lond.  1711,  8vo.  Bib.  Brit. 

BEAUSOBRE,  Isaac,  born  at 
Niort,  in  Upper  Poiton,  1657,  died 
1738,  an  eminent  divine  and  ec- 
clesiastical writer.  The  Prussian 
Court  having  denied  Mr.  Beausobre, 
and  his  friend,  Mr.  Lenfant,  to 
prepare  a  translation  of  the  New 
Testament,  they  shared  the  labours 
between  them,  the  epistles  of  St. 
Paul  falling  to  Mr.  B.  The  whole 
was  published  at  Amsterdam,  1718, 
2  vols.  4to.  with  prefaces  and  notes, 
&c.  A  second  edition  with  con- 
siderable additions  and  corrections, 
1741.  Their  introduction  was 
translated  into  English,  and  pub- 
lished at  Cambridge,  1779,  8vo. 
A  New  Version  of  the  Gospel  ac- 
cording to  St.  Matthew,  with  a 
literal  commentary  on  all  the  diffi- 
cult passages  ;  to  which  is  prefixed. 
An  Introduction  to  the  reading  of 
the  Scriptures,  &c.  Translated 
from   the    French  of  M.  B.  &  M. 


Be 


CYCLOPEDIA. 


Be 


85 


Leiifaiit.   1816.      Mr.  Booth  quotes 
this  author. 

"/«  the  vmtcr — in  the  Holt/ 
Ghost.  These  worils  do  very  well 
express  the  ceremony  of  bapti.sin. 
which  was  at  firfit  performed  by 
plunging  the  whole  body  in  water, 
as  also  the  copious  effusion  of  the 
Holy  Ghost  on  the  day  of  Pente- 
cost. Note  on  Matt.  iii.  2,  Eng. 
Trans.     Booth,  p.  78. 

BENSON,  George,  D.D.,  a  learn- 
ed and  eminent  Dissenter,  born  in 
Cumberland,  Eng.,  1699,  died  1763, 
"  A  Paraphrase  and  Notes  on  the 
Epistles  of  St.  Paul  to  Philemon, 
the  Thessalonians,  Timothy,  and 
Titus,  with  critical  dissertations. 
Lond.  1734,  4to,"  is  the  work 
quoted  by  Booth,  pp.  253,  2o4,  as 
follows : 

"As  I  am  not  fully  satisfied 
about  that  fact  (the  Jewish  custom 
of  initiating  heathen  proselytes  by 
baptism)  I  would  propose  my  diffi- 
culties, with  a  view  to  excite  others 
to  a  further  inquiry  into  that  par- 
ticular. 1.  I  have  not,  in  the  Old 
Testament,  found  any  instance  of 
one  person's  washing  another,  by 
way  of  consecration,  purification, 
or  sanctification,  except  that  of 
Moses,  his  washing  Aaron  and  his 
sons,  when  he  set  them  apart  unto 
the  ofiice  of  priests.  Lev.  viii.  6. 
2.  I  can  laot  find  that  the  Jews  do 
at  present  practice  any  such  tiling, 
as  that  of  baptizing  the  proselytes 
that  go  over  to  them;  though 
they  are  said  to  make  them  wash 
themselves.  3.  Where  is  any  in- 
timation of  such  a  practice  among 
the  Jews  before  the  coming  of  oiu 
Lord?  If  any  could  produce  anv 
clear  testimony  of  that  kind  from 
the  Old  Testament,  the  Apochrypha. 
Josephus,  or  Philo.  that  would  be 
of  great  moment.      4.  In    former 


times,  proselytes,  coming  over  from 
heathenism  to  the  Jewish  religion, 
used  to  wash  themselves,  which  is 
a  very  ditferent  thing  from  baptism, 
or  persons  being  washed  by  another. 
1  do  not  absolutely  deny,  that  the 
Jews  initiated  proselytes  by  bap- 
tism ;  but  I  mention  these  difficul- 
ties and  objections  with  regard  to 
that  iact.  Paraphrase  and  Notes 
on  Epist.  of  Paul,  pp.  641,  642,  2nd 
Ed. 

BEDDOME,  Benjamin,  MA.  Of 
this  English  Baptist  author  we 
have  not  at  hand  a  biography,  but 
will  not  omit  to  notice  his  works — 
"  A  Scriptural  Exposition  of  the 
Baptist  Catechism,  by  way  of  Ques- 
tion and  ansAver,  17-52."  This  we 
have  seen  and  wish  it  were  reprint- 
ed. Twenty  short  Discourses, 
adapted  to  A^illage  Worship,  or  the 
Devotions  of  the  family.  Publish- 
ed from  his  Mss.  1805.  Bib.  Brit. 

BENEDICT,  Rev.  George,  was 
born  at  Southeast,  Dutchess  Coun- 
ty, New- York,  April  15th,  1795, 
during  a  transient  sojourn  of  his 
parents  in  that  place.  At  the  awe 
of  three  weeks  he  was  removed  to 
the  residence  of  his  parents  in  Dan- 
bury,  Conn.,  where  he  spent  the 
days  of  his  childhood  and  youth. 
At  the  age  of  twenty-two  he  ex- 
perienced the  grace  of  God,  was 
baptized  by  Rev.  Mr.  Tuttle,  and 
united  with  the  Second  Baptist 
Church  of  Danburv,  Sept.  21st, 
1817. 

This  last  step  was  one  of  severe 
trial,  and  evinced  at  the  outset  of 
a  useful  life  that  conscientious  re- 
gard for  truth  and  duty  which 
ever  afterwards  characterized  his 
conduct.  His  friends  were  con- 
nected with  a  denomination  hav- 
ing but  little  sympathy  with  Bap- 
tists,  and  manifested  the  most  de- 


86 


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HAYNES'  BAPTIST 


Be 


cided  opposition  of  feeling,  and! 
expression  to  the  course  which 
Mr.  Benedict  felt  bound  in  duty  to 
God  and  his  own  conscience  to 
pursue.  But  Mr.  B.  was  a  Baptist 
in  sentiment  and  could  not  honest- 
ly be  any  thing  different  in  prac- 
tice ;  not  for  that  he  loved  his 
friends  less,  but  because  he  loved 
his  Saviour  more. 

On  the  12th  of  May,  1822,  at 
the  age  of  twenty-seven  years,  Mr. 
Benedict  was  licenced  by  the 
Chiu-ch  in  Danbury  to  preach  the 
gospel;  and  on  the  7th  of  August, 
1823,  he  was  ordained  and  installed 
pastor  of '.  l.e  same  church,  in  which 
relation  he  continued  his  "  labors 
of  love,"  with  grea,t  faithfulness 
and  a  good  degree  of  success,  un- 
til May,  1831,  when  he  removed  to 
the  city  of  New-York  and  there 
took  the  pastoral  charge  of  what 
was  then  known  as  the  Union 
Baptist  Church. 

This  church  was  a  little  flock, 
and  in  addition  to  the  discourage- 
ments generally  incident  to  the 
early  history  of  a  religious  society, 
the  loss  of  their  meeting  house  by 
fire,  had  well  nigh  disheartened  the 
most  hopeful  and  persevering 
among  them.  It  was  this  weak- 
ness of  the  church,  as  well  as  the 
great  insufficiency  which  Mr.  Be- 
nedict with  characteristic  modesty 
attributed  to  himself,  that  led  him 
to  select  for  the  foundation  of  a  dis- 
course on  his  lite  and  death  that 
beautiful  confession  of  the  Apostle : 
"  I  was  with  you  in  weakness,  and 
in  fear,  and  in  much  trembling." 
But  the  day  of  their  prosperity  had 
come.  Their  new  pastor  gained 
the  confidence  of  all  who  knew 
him,  and  was  soon  embosomed  in 
the  affections  of  the  church,  as  "a 
good  man,  full  of  the   Holy  Ghost 


and  of  faith ;  and  much  people 
was  added  to  the  Lord."  Their 
place  of  meeting  was  soon  crowded 
with  attentive  listeners  ;  a  heavenly 
unction  attended  the  preaching  of 
the  Word,  souls  were  convicted, 
and  many  precious  converts  having 
been  buried  in  the  likeness  of  the 
Saviour's  death,  were  brought  into 
this  fold  of  the  good  Shepherd. 
Such  was  the  success  which  crowji- 
ed  the  labors  of  their  beloved  pas- 
tor at  this  time,  that  in  less  than 
three  years  the  little  church  in- 
creased to  the  number  of  two  hun- 
dred and  thirty-three  members ; 
and  they  were  enabled  to  erect  a 
very  neat  and  commodious  house 
of  worship  on  Stanton-street,  which 
they  opened  and  dedicated  to  the 
worship  of  Almighty  God  the  first 
Sabbath  in  March,  1834.  "Out 
of  weakness  they  were  made  strong." 
The  name  of  the  church  was  then 
change'd,  and  thenceforth  to  this 
time  it  has  been  called  Stanton- 
street  Baptist  Church. 

Here  Mr.  Benedict  continued 
his  labors  with  enlarged  success 
until  1841,  when  the  church  num- 
bered seven  hundred  and  fifty-eight 
members,  more  than  enough  of 
themselves  to  fill  their  meeting 
house.  Up  to  this  time  he  had 
baptized  over  six  hundred.  This 
large  body  determined  after  much 
deliberation,  consultation  and 
prayer,  to  send  out  a  colony  to  con- 
stitute a  new  church.  They 
accordingly  effected  a  division 
on  the  most  amicable  terms, 
on  the  27th  of  January,  1841,  and 
in  February  following,  the  colony, 
consisting  of  three  hundred  and 
sixty-four  members,  was  organized 
as  theNorfolk-street  Baptist  Church, 
of  which  Mr.  Benedict  was  called 
to  take  the  pastoral  charge. 


Be 


CYCLOPiEDIA. 


Be 


87 


This  was  a  painful  parting,  but 
God  who  had  brou<^ht  them  throusfh 
unparalleled  prosperity  to  this 
trying  scene,  gave  them  grace  to 
accomplish  the  separation  in  har- 
mony and  brotherly  love.  The 
following  extract  I'rom  Mr.  B.'s  re- 
signation exhibits  something  of  the 
views  and  feelings  which  charac- 
terized the  movement :  "  Since  the 
existence  of  our  relation  as  pastor 
and  people,  our  heavenly  Father 
has  vouchsafed  to  bless  us,  and  to 
'  increase  us  with  men  as  a  flock,' 
insomuch  that  our  place  of  wor- 
ship has  become  too  strait  for  us. 
The  providence  of  God  seems  evi- 
dently to  say,  '  enlarge  the  borders 
of  thy  tent ;  lengthen  thy  cords 
and  strengthen  thy  stakes  ;'  with 
a  view,  therefore,  to  extend  the 
cause  of  truth  in  this  city,  I  have 
thought  it  best,  painful  as  it  is,  to 
tender  my  resignation  as  the  pastor 
of  this  church,  for  the  purpose  of 
uniting  in  the  organization  of  a 
regular  Baptist  Church  at  the  cor- 
ner of  Broome  and  Norfolk  streets." 
This  resignation  was  reluctantly, 
but  cordially  accepted  by  the 
people,  under  the  same  sense  of 
obligation  to  the  divine  will  which 
had  intiuenced  their  pastor  to  take 
the  self-denying  step. 

Mr.  Benedict  having  accepted 
the  call  of  the  Norfolk-street  Church, 
a  meeting  house  was  purchased  in 
the  place  above  mentioned,  where 
a  large  congregation  was  soon  col- 
lected. Here  also  the  abundant 
blessings  of  God's  grace  continued 
to  crown  the  labors  of  his  faithful 
servant.  Multitudes  were  gathered 
into  the  sanctuary,  and  many  who 
heard  the  Word  believed  and  were 
brought  to  a  knowledge  of  the 
truth,  as  it  is  in  Jesus.  "  The 
Lord    added   to  the  church   daily 


such  as  should  be  saved."  But 
He  whose  "judgments  are  a  great 
deep,"  and  whose  "  ways  are  past 
finding  out,"  turned  but  a  single 
leaf  in  the  book  of  his  inscrutable 
providence,  and  the  scene  was  sad- 
ly changed.  That  good  minister  of 
Jesus  Christ  was  taken  from  the 
midst  of  a  useful  life,  in  the  full 
vigor  of  manhood,  and  made  to 
pass  through  scenes  of  sickness  and 
extreme  bodily  suflerings  for  the 
space  of  two  long  years,  when  the 
light  of  his  mortal  existence  was 
lost  in  the  more  glorious  effulgence 
of  a  higher  life  ;  as  sink  the  stars 
in  ethereal  depths  bei'ore  the  open- 
ing eyelids  of  the  morning. 

A  few  months  previous  to  his  de- 
parture Mr.  Benedict  urged  his  re- 
signation against  the  remonstrances 
of  the  Church,  which  was  accept- 
ed on  the  first  of  July,  184s,  only 
with  the  hope  that  a  more  perfect 
relief  from  the  cares  and  anxieties 
of  his  pastoral  charge  might  con- 
tribute something  towards  his  ul- 
timate restoration.  But  God  had 
otherwise  determined.  The  days 
of  his  years  were  well  nigh  ended, 
and  his  work  was  about  to  be 
finished.  That  work,  however, 
had  been  quickly  and  mightily 
done.  He  had  lived  much  in  little 
time.  During  a  ministry  of  six- 
teen years  he  had  baptized  more 
than  twelve  hundred  souls,  and 
officiated  in  the  services  of  more 
than  eleven  hundred  funerals. 

But  he  left  the  field  of  his  labor 
and  the  ffock  of  his  love  without 
a  murmur.  He  endured  the  pains 
of  extreme  bodily  suffering  and 
the  breaking  of  those  tender  ties, 
which  bound  him  with  no  com- 
mon endearments  to  his  beloved 
family  and  friends,  with  the  m.eek- 
ness  of  a  Christian,  and  a  cheerful 


Be 


HAYNES'  BAPTIST 


Be 


acquiescence  in  the  will  of  God. 
Thus  he  fell  asleep  in  Jesus  on  the 
28th  of  October,  1848.  "His  fu- 
neral services  were  attended  in  the 
First  Baptist  Church,  Oct.  31,  in 
presence  of  an  immense  audience. 
Scriptures  were  read  by  Rev.  E. 
Lathrop,  and  prayer  was  offered  by 
Rev.  T.  Armitage,  the  successor  of 
Mr.  Benedict  in  the  pastorate  of 
Norfolk-street  Church.  The  ser- 
mon was  preached  by  Rev.  Dr. 
Cone,  from  Acts  xi.  24.  "  For  he 
was  a  good  man  and  full  of  the 
Holy  Ghost  and  of  faith  :  and  much 
people  was  added  unto  the  Lord." 
The  concluding  prayer  was  offered 
by  Rev.  L.  Covell.  Dr.  Cone  ad- 
verted briefly  to  the  application  of 
the  passage  to  Barnabas  as  a  son 
of  '  exhortation,'  and  then  to  our 
departed  brother,  as  a  man  emi- 
nently gifted  in  prayer  ;  an  earnest, 
affectionate,  experimental,  and  prac- 
tical preacher,  and  adverted  parti- 
cularly to  those  departments  of 
ministerial  labor  in  which  he  spe- 
cially excelled.  The  discourse 
was  a  worthy  tribute  to  the  char- 
acter of  an  honored,  beloved,  and 
useful  brother." 

He  has  left  a  widow  and  two 
children,  who  mourn  the  irreparable 
loss  of  an  almost  incomparable 
husband  and  father. 

This  solemn  bereavement  was 
afterwards  improved  in  a  discourse 
by  Rev.  Mr.  Armitage,  addressed 
to  the  Norfolk-street  Church,  and 
founded  upon  a  passage  which  had 
been  selected  for  the  purpose  by 
Mr.  Benedict,  himself,  viz :  "  And 
I  was  with  you  in  weakness,  and 
in  fear,  and  in  nrueh  trembling  : 
and  my  speech  and  my  preaching 
was  not  with  enticing  words  of 
man's  wisdom,  but  in  demonstra- 
tion  of  the  spirit,  and  of  power ; 


that  your  faith  should  not  stand  in 
the  wisdom  of  men,  but  in  the 
power  of  God,"  1  Cor.  ii.  3-5.  The 
sermon  of  Mr.  Armitage  was  re- 
peated by  request  in  the  Oliver- 
street  Baptist  Church  ;  and  to  his 
discourse,  together  with  that  of 
Dr.  Cone,  we  are  mostly  indebted 
for  the  facts  of  this  narrative,  though 
some  use  has  been  made  of  the 
"  History  of  the  Churches  of  New- 
York." 

Of  his  character  his  life  is  the 
most  faithful  delineation.  "  As  a 
man  he  was,"  in  the  language  of 
one  who  knew  him  well,  "kind, 
forgiving,  compassionate,  and  just." 
He  possessed  the  power  of  quick 
and  clear  perceptions,  accurate  dis- 
crimination, and  a  sound  judg- 
ment. 

As  a  Christian,  under  the  hal- 
lowing influences  of  divine  grace, 
he  was  an  "  example  to  the  flock," 
a  "  burning  and  a  shining  light." 
In  him  there  was  no  guile,  no  egot- 
ism, no  conceit.  He  was  humble 
before  God,  and  charitable  towards 
all  men.  "  Love  to  God  and  good- 
will to  men,"  were  the  ruling  aflec- 
tions  of  his  heart,  the  crowning 
virtues  of  his  Christian  character. 

As  a  preacher,  he  was  simple 
but  solemn,  earnest  and  affection- 
ate ;  wise  in  a  knowledge  of  hu- 
man nature,  and  mighty  in  the 
Scriptures.  And  if  it  be  true  that 
"  he  is  the  best  physician  who  cures 
the  most  patients,  and  he  the  best 
preacher  who  saves  the  most  souls," 
then  surely  Mr.  Benedict  was  one 
of  the  very  best  ministers  of  Christ. 

In  doctrine  he  was  purely  evan- 
gelical, holding  and  teaching  the 
essential  doctrines  of  the  .Trinity, 
of  human  depravity,  of  regene- 
ration by  the  Spirit,  and  justifica- 
tion by  faith,  of  the  resurrection  of 


Be 


CYCLOPAEDIA. 


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89 


the  dead  and  the  general  judg- 
ment, and  of  future  rewards  and 
punishments.  More  than  this,  in 
liis  views  of  Christian  ordinances 
and  gospel  order,  he  was,  from  his 
own  convictions  of  truth,  and  a 
conscientious  conformity  to  his 
sense  of  the  divine  will,  a  decided 
Baptist. 

As  a  pastor  he  was  prudent, 
patient,  affectionate  and  faithful. 
"  I  must  be  about  my  Father's 
business,"  was  the  favorite  motto 
of  his  pastoral  life.  In  his  daily 
walk  he  went  about  doing  good, 
he  went  every  where  preaching 
the  Word,  admonishing  the  care- 
less, entreating  the  wayward,  en- 
couraging the  weak,  and  comfort- 
ing the  afflicted.  The  mansions 
of  the  rich,  the  homes  of  the  poor, 
the  chambers  of  the  sick,  and  the 
hearts  of  the  bereaved,  all  found  in 
him  a  meek  and  unpretending 
disciple  of  the  lowly  and  compas- 
sionate Jesus,  bearing  in  his  bosom 
the  spirit  of  his  Lord  and  Master. 
It  is  painful  to  part  so  soon  with 
one  so  well  qualified  for  usefulness.  | 
But  the  Lord  knows  hest  how  to 
employ  his  servants  in  this  world, 
and  when  to  call  them  home.  The 
usefulness  of  Mr.  Benedict,  how- 
ever, is  not  to  be  measured  by  his 
years ;  rather  let  his  years  be  esti- 
mated hy  his  usefulness.  For  he 
accomplished  the  work  of  a  long 
life  in  a  little  time  ;  and  although 
he  departed  this  life  in  the  meridian 
of  manhood,  yet  in  the  example 
of  a  well-spent  life  he  has  left  for 
the  living  the  hest  legacy  of  a  good 
man.  And  we  must  not  be  un- 
mindful of  the  precious  boon.  For 
"  when  sublime  virtues  cease  to 
he  abstractions,  when  they  become 
embodied  in  human  character,  and 
exemplified  in  human  conduct,  we 


should  be  false  to  our  own  nature 
if  we  did  not  indulge  in  the  spon- 
taneous eflhsion  of  our  gratitude 
and  admiration."  Surely,  the  re- 
membrance of  such  a  man  cannot 
perish.  Minds,  moulded  by  his 
influence  and  instruction,  constitute 
the  imperishable  memorials  of  his 
worth  ;  and  souls,  redeemed  through 
his  instrumentality,  shall  be  the 
seal  of  his  ministry,  and  the  crown 
of  his  rejoicing.  N.  Y.  Chronicle. 

BENEDICT,  Rev.  David,  A.M. 
The  living  Baptists  are  noticed  in 
this  work  only  as  they  are  authors, 
on  whatever  subject  they  may 
have  written,  and  this  plan  includes 
also  baptist  publishers  of  books, 
when  we  shall  reach  that  depart- 
ment. In  1S02,  Mr.  Benedict  be- 
gan his  researches  and  preparations 
for  a  history  of  the  Baptists,  which 
he  published  in  1813,  entitled — A 
General  History  of  the  Baptist 
Denomination  in  America,  and 
other  parts  of  the  world.  By  David 
Benedict,  A.M.,  Pastor  of  the  Bap- 
tist Church  in  Pawtucket,  R.  I. 
(Mark  xvi.  15,  16.  Acts  viii.  36,  39, 
are  here  inserted  in  the  title  page) 
In  two  volumes.  Boston:  Printed 
by  Lincoln  and  Edmonds,  No.  53, 
Cornhill,  for  the  author.  1813.  8vo. 
pp.  602  in  each  volume.  He  pub- 
lished an  Abridgment  of  this  his- 
tory in  one  volume,  by  the  same 
publishers.  Boston,  1820.  pp.  446. 
small  8vo.  or  12 mo.  He  published 
also  a  History  of  all  Religions,  and 
edited  an  edition  of  Robinson's 
History  of  Baptism  by  the  same 
publishers  in  1817.  Lewis  Colby 
&  Co.,  N.  Y.  1848,  published  hy 
the  same  author  in  one  large  8vo. 
volume  of  970  pages,  a  work  with 
the  same  title  with  his  first  history 
of  the  Baptists  brought  down  to 
the  period   of  its  publication,    en- 


90 


Bi 


HAYNES'  BAPTIST 


titled — A  G-eneral  History  of  the 
Baptist  Denomination  in  America 
and  other  parts  of  the  world.  By 
David  Benedict.  New  York,  Lewis 
Colby  &  Co.,  122,  Nassau-street, 
1848,  with  a  portrait  of  the  author. 
In  this  history  the  author  says  : 
"  /  iJfiij  no  attention  whatever  to 
CIvonologijbut  only  to  geographical 
connection.''  His  history  is  a 
most  ample  storehouse  of  facts 
which  affords  material  for  other 
arrangements  still  better  adapted 
to  uses  of  reference. 

BRENIUS,  Daniel,  a  Dutch 
Baptist,  author  of— Danielis  Bre- 
nii  Harlemo — Batavi,  Opera  Theo- 
logica,  Quorum  Catalogum  versa 
Pagina  post  commotionem,  de 
tractatu  D.  Brenii,  Operam  Epis- 
copii  Secunda.e  parti  inserto,  exhi- 
bit. Amstelraedamis,  Sumptibus 
Francisci  Cuperi  Bibliopolae,  pro- 
pe  Portum  Harlemensem,  in  vico 
vulgo  dicta  de  Braak.  Anno  1666. 
This  work  is  before  us,  and  a  note 
on  the  title  of  the  copy  which  was 
originally  in  the  library  of  Dr. 
Homer,  of  Boston.  Dr.  H.  says  : 
"  Brenius,  the  learned  Dutch  Bap- 
tist. Alter  frequent  examination 
I  pronounce  this  commentary  one 
of  the  most  judicious  I  have  ever 
seen." 

BLESDICK,  Nicolas  ;  Upon  the 
authority  of  Cassander  and  Horn- 
beck,  this  man  is  mentioned  as 
having  been  trained  up  an  Ana- 
baptist, and  turning  afterwards 
writer  against  them,  by  Peter 
Bayle,  in  his  Historical  and  Criti- 
al  Dictionary,  vol.  1,  p.  291.  Lon- 
don ed.  1734.  See  Art.  Bayle,  p. 
47,  of  Baptist  Cyclopaedia,  the 
title  of  Blesdick's  works  which  are 
not  necessary  to  be  repeated  here. 

BIRT,  Isaiah.  Author  of  "A 
Vindication    of    the    Baptists    in 


three  Letters.  1795."  Bibliotheca 
Britannica.  Benedict,  p.  139,  140, 
gives  the  titles  of  three  other 
works  of  late  date. 

1.  "  Adult  baptism  and  the  sal- 
vation of  all  who  die  in  infancy 
maintained  ;  in  Strictures  on  a  Ser- 
mon entitled,  the  Right  of  Infants 
to  baptism,  by  Rev.  H.  F.  Burder. 
By  Rev.  Isaiah  Birt.  London.  Svo. 
pp.  46.   1821. 

2.  Personal  Religion  Vindicated 
in  relation  to  Christian  baptism. 
Lond.  8vo.  pp.  67.  1833. 

3.  Reflections  on  the  origin,  ex- 
tent, nature,  and  effects  of  infant 
baptism.  London,  Svo.pp.  24.  183.5. 
These  works  are  baptist  most  cer- 
tainly. 

BIGLAND,  Ralph,  Esq.,  Gar- 
ter Principal  King  at  Arms,  was 
born  1734.  Author  of — "Observa- 
tions ori  Marriages,  Baptisms,  and 
Burials,  as  preserved  in  Parochial 
Registers  ;  with  sundry  specimens 
of  the  entries  Marriages,  Baptisms, 
&c.,  in  foreign  countries.  Lond. 
1764,  4to.,  and  other  works.  Bib. 
Brit. 

BRINSLEY,  John,  born  in  Lie- 
cestershire,  Eng.,  1600,  died  1665. 
He  was  a  Nonconformist  divine, 
and  among  his  works  was  one  en- 
titled, "  The  Doctrine  and  Practice 
of  Pa3dobaptism  asserted.  Lond. 
1645,  4to.  Bib.  Brit. 

BIDDULPH,  Rev.  Thomas,  of 
Bristol,  Eng.  Of  his  works,  the 
title  of  one  will  be  given.  "  Bap- 
tism, a  Seal  of  the  Christian  Co- 
venant, or  an  answer  on  the  for- 
mer Two  Tracts,  by  Richard  Mant, 
A.M.  1816. 

BINGHAM,  Joseph,  an  eminent 
and  laborious  Theological  writer, 
was  born  in  Yorkshire,  England, 
1668,  died  1723.  Among  his  works 
was  "  Scholastical  History  of  the 


Bi 


CYCLOPEDIA. 


Bi 


91 


Practice  of  the  Church  in  Reform 
to  tlie  administration  of  baptisni 
by  Laymen,  in  two  parts.  Lend. 
i  1712.  2  vols.  8vo.  His  most  cele- 
brated work  is  entitled  ,  "  Origines 
Ecclesiasticae  ;  or  the  Antiquities 
of  the  Christian  Church.  Lend. 
1720,  2  vols.  foi.  This  work  was 
translated  mto  Latin  by  Henricus 
Griscovius,  with  a  Preface  by  Jo. 
Fr.  Buddaeus,  at  Hull,  May  1724. 
This  work  is  seldom  found  com- 
plete. The  same,  abridged,  under 
the  title  of,  Ecclesiae  primitivae 
notitia,  or  a  Summary  of  Chris- 
tian Antiquities,  by  A.  Blackmore, 
1722.  2  vols.  8vo.  This  learned 
and  pious  author  is  quoted  by 
Booth  as  follows : 

•'  The  antients  thought  that  im- 
mersion, or  burying  under  water, 
did  more  lively  represent  the  death, 
and  burial,  and  resurrection  of 
Christ;  as  well  as  our  own  death 
unto  sin,  and  rising  again  unto 
righteousness :  and  the  divesting 
or  uncloathing  of  the  person  to  be 
baptized,  did  also  represent  the 
putting  off  the  body  of  sin,  in  or- 
der to  put  on  the  new  man,  ivhich 
is  created  in  righteousness  and  true 
holiness — persons  thus  divested,  or 
uncloathed,  were  usually  baptized 
by  immersion,  or  dipping  of  their 
whole  bodies  under  water.  There 
are  many  passages  in  the  Epistles 
of  St.  Paul,  which  plainly  refer  to 
this  custom ;  and  as  this  was  the 
original  apostolical  practice  so  it 
continued  to  be  the  universal  prac- 
tice of  the  Church  for  many  ages, 
upon  the  same  symbolical  reasons 
a-s  it  was  first  used  by  the  Apostles. 
Origin.  Eccles.  Vol.  1.  p.  521,  522. 
Fol.  Apend.  Booth  in  Padohap- 
tism  Examined,     p.  86,  87. 

"  The  Christians  were  wont  to 
please  themselves  with  the  artifi- 


cial name  Pisciculi,Jishes,to denote, 
as  TertuUian  (who  wascotemporary 
with  Clement)  words  it,  that  they 
were  regenerate,  or  born  again  in- 
to Christ's  religion  by  water,  and 
could  not  be  saved  but  by  continu- 
ing therein.  And  this  name  was 
the  rather  chosen  by  them,  because 
the  initial  letters  of  our  Saviour's 
names  and    titles    in   Greek,  u^ou; 

Xp.,-o|,  0=ou  Yio;  Zi^-y,!,    JeSUS  Christ,  THE 

Son  of  God,  our  Saviour,  techni- 
cally put  together  make  up  the 
name  ixers  ;  which  signifies  Jish, 
and  is  alluded  to  both  by  Tertul- 
LiAN  and  Optatus."  Origines  Ec- 
cles. B.  1.  chap.  1.  §2.  Booth,  Pae- 
dobaptism  Examined,  p.  205. 

In  reference  to  infant  commu- 
nion, he  says :  "  Bishop  Bedle  and 
some  others  have  declared  intirely 
for  it ;"  i.e.  for  Infant  Communion. 
Origines  Eccles.  B.  xii.  chap.  1. 
§  3.  B.  XV.  chap.  iv.  §  7.  Booth, 
Psedobaptism  Examined,  p.  437. 

BRINE,  John,  author  of  more 
than  forty  different  works,  which 
will  be  enumerated  at  the  close  of 
this  article,  was  a  divine  of  consi- 
derable celebrity  among  the  Cal- 
vinistical  Baptists  in  England ;  born 
in  Kettering,  1703  ;  died  21.st  Feb- 
ruary, 1765.  His  parents  were  in 
very  poor  circumstances,  so  that  he 
possessed  scarcely  any  advantages 
in  respect  to  education.  When  a 
lad,  he  was  placed  in  the  staple 
manufactory  of  his  native  town,  at 
which  he  worked  for  some  consi- 
derable time,  as  did  his  friend  Dr. 
Gill,  who  was  some  years  his  se- 
nior; and  under  whose  ministry 
he  received  his  first  serious  impres- 
sions. Being  of  a  studious  turn  of 
mind,  and  giving  himself  to  read- 
ing at  his  leisure  hours,  he  acquired 
no  inconsiderable  stock  of  know- 
ledge ;  and  having  in   early    life, 


92 


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HAYNES'  BAPTIST 


Bi 


addicted  himself  to  habits  of  seri- 
ousness, he  was  admitted  a  mem- 
ber of  the  Baptist  Church  in  his 
native  phioe,  under  the  pastoral 
care  of  Mr.  Wallis.  Though  the 
straightness  of  his  circumstances 
compelled  him  to  have  recourse  to 
his  daily  labor  for  a  subsistence, 
yet  he  was  careful  to  improve  all 
opportunities  for  the  cultivation  of 
his  mind;  and  he  must  have,  taken 
prodigous  pains  at  this  period,  to 
acquire  so  respectable  an  ac- 
quaintance with  the  learned  lan- 
guages, and  with  such  other 
branches  of  useful  knowledge  as 
he  possessed.  Here  he  married  a 
daughter  of  the  Rev.  John  Moore, 
a  respectable  minister  of  the  Par- 
ticular Baptist  denomination,  at 
Northampton,  from  whom  he  in- 
herited Butler's  Hebrew  Bible, 
which  was  to  him,  at  this  time,  a 
treasure  of  no  small  value.  With 
this  lady  he  lived  in  a  state  of  con- 
jugal happiness  for  many  years, 
till  she  was  removed  by  death,  on 
the  6th  of  August,  1745  ;  upon 
which  occasion  Dr.  Gill  preached, 
and  afterwards  published  a  funeral 
discourse.  After  some  interval, 
Mr.  Brine  again  entered  into  the 
marriage  state  ;  and  his  second 
wife  survived  him. 

Mr.  Brine  was  called  into  the 
ministry  by  the  church  at  Ketter- 
ing, to  which  he  stood  related  ;  and 
after  preaching  for  some  time  in 
an  occasional  way,  received  a  call 
to  undertake  the  pastoral  charge 
of  a  Particular  Baptist  Church  at 
Coventry.  In  that  station  he  con- 
tinued a  few  years,  till  he  was  in- 
vited to  London,  to  succeed  Mr. 
Morton,  as  Pastor  of  the  Baptist 
Congregation  at  Curriers'  Hall, 
Cripplegate-street.  This  was  about 
the  year  1730.    His  removal  to  the 


metropolis  gave  him  great  satisfac- 
tion, as  it  afforded  him  an  oppor- 
tunity of  being  near  to  his  friend 
Dr.  Gill,  with  whom  he  cultivated 
a  particular  friendship.  This  was 
strengthened  by  a  perfect  congeni- 
ality of  views  upon  religious  sub- 
jects. When  the  Doctor  retired 
from  his  Wednesday  evening  lec- 
ture in  Great  Eastcheap,  it  was 
carried  on  for  some  years  by  Mr. 
Brine,  in  connexion  with  other 
ministers.  He  also  preached  in 
his  turn  at  the  Lord's-day  evening 
lecture  in  Devonshire-square.  Dur- 
ing the  period  of  thirty-five  years 
that  he  resided  in  London,  he  took 
a  principal  lead  in  all  the  public 
acts  that  concerned  his  own  deno- 
mination. The  weight  that  he  ac- 
quired with  his  own  brethren,  oc- 
casioned his  frequently  being  called 
upon  to  preach  at  the  ordination  ot 
younger  ministers,  and  to  improve 
the  deaths  of  ministers  and  private 
Christians.  Many  of  his  discourses 
on  the  occasion  are  printed. 

Mr.  Brine  resided  for  many  years 
in  Bridgewater  Square,  but  during 
his  last  illness  he  took  lodgings  at 
Kingsland,  where  he  died.  Not 
long  before  his  death,  he  expressed 
his  sentiments  in  the  following 
words :  "  I  think  I  am  of  sinners 
the  chief,  of  saints  the  least ;  I 
know  that  I  am  nothing.  But  by 
the  grace  of  God,  I  am  what  I 
am ;"  which  latter  words  he  or- 
dered to  be  inscribed  upon  his 
tombstone.  His  death  took  place 
on  the  24th  of  February,  1765,  in 
the  63d  year  of  his  age.  He  left 
positive  orders  that  no  funeral  ser- 
mon should  be  preached  for  him ; 
which  strange  injunction  could  not 
proceed  from  any  dislike  to  such 
services,  seeing  he  preached  so 
many  himself  His  request  as  to  this 


OYCLOP.EDIA. 


Bi 


93 


particular  was  complied  with,  but  1  sessed  good  ministerial  abilities, 
not  entirely.  His  intimate  friend,  and  was  very  faithful  in  the  dis- 
Dr.  Gill,  preached  a  sermon  upon  charge  of  the  pastoral  duties.  His 
the  occasion  to  his  own  people, '  sermons,  however,  if  one  may 
from  2  Cor.  xv.  10.  Bij  the  grace\iu.(}ige  from  the  printed  specimens, 
of  God  I  am  lohat  I  am.  In  the ;  were  not  so  well  adapted  to  the 
following  May,  the  Doctor  preached  ;  conversion  of  sinners,  as  to  the  in- 
the  same  discourse  at  St.  Albans,  struction  and  edification  of  those 
and  then  thought  himself  at  liberty  who  were  brought  to  the  knowledge 
to  publish  it.  The  only  notice  that  of  the  truth.  More  doctrinal  than 
he  takes  of  Mr.  Brine,  is  in  a  note  practical,  he  abounds  rather  in  the 
to  the  following  pui-pose  :  '•  1  am  |  discussion  of  religious  subjects  ac- 
debarred  from  saying  so  much  of  cording  to  his  own  practical  appre- 
him  as  I  otherwise  could  do,  we  hensions,  than  in  their  application 
both  being  born  in  the  same  place,  to  the  conscience.  Exhortations 
and  myself  some  older  than  he,  to  sinners  he  would  consider  as 
and  from  his  being  among  the  first  legal.  This  resulted  from  the 
fruits  of  my  ministry.  I  might  A'iew  he  took  of  the  doctrines  of 
take  notice  of  his  natural  and  ac-  revelation.  He  was  generally  re- 
quired abilities,  his  great  under-  puted  a  high  Calvinist ;  but  he 
standing,  clear  light,  and  sound  went  into  all  the  unintelligible 
judgment  in  the  doctrines  of  the  depths  of  the  Supralapsarian 
gospel,  and  the  great  and  deep  scheme,  such  as  Calvin  himself 
things  of  God.  Of  his  zeal,  skill,  never  allowed.  This  occasioned 
and  courage  in  vindicating  impor-  him  to  be  called  by  persons  an 
tant  ti-uths,  published  by  him  to  Antinomian.  But  it  must  have 
the  world,  by  which  he  being  dead  been  only  in  a  doctrinal  sense ;  for 
yet  speuketh.  In  fine,  I  might  he  was  himself  a  man  of  exemplary 
observe  to  you  that  his  walk  and ;  life  and  conversation.  He  culti- 
conversation  in  the  world  waslvated  the  Christian  tempers  and 
honorable  and    ornamental  to  the  graces  with  assiduity,  and  was  an 


profession  which  he  made,  and 
suitable  to  the  character  he  sus- 
tained as  minister  of  Jesus  Christ, 
all  which    endeared    him    to    his 


ornament  to  the  religion  he  pro- 
fessed. His  amiable  character  pro- 
cured him  general  respect ;  and  it 
should  be  remarked,  that  he  would 


any   more.       Gill's   Sermons   and 
Tracts,  vol.  1,  p.  591-2,  note. 
Mr.  Brine  was  in  person    short 


friends.     But  I  am  forbid  to  speak  j  by  no  means  admit  the  dangerous 

tendency  which  others  apprehend- 
ed from  the  doctrines  he  inculcated. 
On  the  conti-ary,  he  considered 
and  thick,  and  he  had  rather  a  j  them  of  such  importance,  that  he 
strange  countenance,  that  was  not  was  their  zealous  defender,  both 
calculated  to  possess  strangers  from  the  pulpit  and  from  the  press, 
greatly  in  his  favor  ;  but  his  man-  His  publications  are  very  nume- 
ners  were  very  much  those  of  a  rous  ;  but  they  consist  chiefly  of 
gentleman.  He  was  a  man  of  sermons,  besides  a  few  distinct 
considerable  attainments  in  learn-  treatises,  designed  to  vindicate  his 
ing,  and  excelled  in  his  knowledge  peculiar  tenets.  jVs  most  ot  them 
of  the  learned  languages.     He  pos-  have  passed  through  but  one  edi- 


94 


Bi 


HAYNES'  BAPTIST 


Bi 


tion,  they  are  now  become  scarce  ; 
insomuch,  that  it  is  difficut  to  pro- 
cure a  complete  set  of  his  works. 
Though  his  writings  are  not  now 
much  sought  after,  they  are,  never- 
theless, greatly  esteemed  by  some 
persons,  and  are  in  request  by  the 
admirers  of  Gill,  and  of  the  Cris- 
pian  school.  We  have  been  at 
some  pains  to  procure  a  complete 
list  of  his  writings,  which  will  be 
inserted  below,  as  follows : — 1.  A 
Defence  of  the  Doctrine  of  Eternal 
Justification  from  some  exceptions 
made  to  it  by  Mr.  Bragge,  1732. 
2.  The  Covenant  of  Grace  opened  ; 
a  Sermon  on  the  Death  of  Mrs. 
Margaret  Busfield,  who  died  May 
3d,  1734.  2.  Sam.  xxiii.  5.  3. 
God  the  Defence  and  glory  of  his 
Church  :  a  Sermon  at  Devonshire- 
square,  Nov.  5,  1734,  to  the  Society 
that  supports  the  Lord's-day  even- 
ing Lecture  there.  Zach.  ii.  o.  4. 
The  Believer's  triumph  over  death : 
a  funeral  Sermon  tor  Mr.  Hugh 
Lloyd,  who  died  Feb.  11,  1785.  1. 
Tim.  iii.  8,  9.  5.  A  Sermon  at  the 
ordination  of  Deacons,  March  5, 
1735.  1.  Tim.  iii.  8,  9.  6.  A  Dis- 
course on  the  Prayer  of  Jahez  ;  be- 
ing the  substance  of  several  Ser- 
mons, preached  at  Cripplegate. 
1.  Chron.  iv.  10,  1736.  7.  Re- 
marks upon  a  Pamphlet,  entitled, 
Some  Doctrines  in  the  Supra-lap- 
sarian  Scheme,  impartially  examin- 
ed by  the  word  of  God,  1736.  8. 
The  certain  efficacy  of  the  death 
of  Christ  asserted,  in  answer  to  a 
book,  entitled,  the  Ruin  and  Re- 
covery of  Mankind,  by  Isaac  Watts, 
D.  D.,  1743.  9.  The  Christian  Re- 
ligion not  destitute  of  arguments 
sufficient  to  support  it,  in  answer 
to  a  pamphlet,  entitled,  Christian- 
ity not  founded  on  argument,  1743. 
10.     A    Refutation    of    Arminian 


Principles,  delivered  in  a  pamphlet, 
entitled,  the  modern  question  con- 
cerning Repentance  and  Faith,  ex- 
amined with  candour,  1743.  11. 
A  Vindication  of  some  Truths  of 
Natural  and  Revealed  Religion :  in 
answer  to  Mr.  James  Foster,  1746. 
12.  The  Nature  of  true  Holiness 
explained :  a  Sermon  at  the  Month- 
ly Exercise,  April  20,  1749.  Heb. 
xii.  14.  13.  A  Treatise  on  Various 
Subjects,  8vo.  1750.  14.  The 
solemn  charge  of  a  Christian  Min- 
ister considered :  a  Sermon  at  the 
Ordination  of  the  Rev.  John  Ry- 
land,  July  26,  1750.  2.  Tim.  iv. 
1,  2.  15.  The  Christian's  Duty, 
and  Divine  Efficacy  represented : 
preached  at  Cripplegate,  Nov.  11, 
1750.  Phil.  ii.  12,  13.  16.  Some 
Account  of  the  choice  experience 
of  Mrs.  Anne  Brine,  as  written  by 
herself,  and  collected  out  of  her 
Letters,  1750.  17.  An  Antidote 
against  a  spreading  of  Antinomian 
principles,  1750.  18.  The  Causes 
of  Salvation  and  Vocation  con- 
sidered :  preached  at  Crispin-street, 
Dec.  22,  1751.  2.  Tim.  i.  9.  19. 
The  true  sense  of  the  Atonement 
for  Sin,  by  the  Death  of  Christ :  in 
answer  to  Mr.  Taylor  of  Norwich, 
1752.  20.  Motives  to  Love  and 
Unity  among  Calvinists,  who  differ 
in  some  points :  in  answer  to  Mr. 
Alvery  Jackson,  1753.  21.  The 
proper  Eternity  of  the  Divine  De- 
crees, and  of  the  Mediatorial  Office 
of  Christ,  asserted  and  proved  :  in 
a  Sermon  at  the  Monthly  Exercise, 
Sept.  12,  1754.     Prov.  viii.  22,  23. 

22.  A  vindication  of  Divine  Jus- 
tice in  the  infliction  of  endless 
punishment  for  Sin  :  in  answer  to 
a  pamphlet,  the  Scripture  account 
of  the  future  state  considered,  1754. 

23.  Job's  Epitaph  Explained :  a 
Sermon  on  the  death  of  Mrs.  Eliza- 


Bi 


CYCLOPEDIA. 


Bi 


95 


beth  Turner,  who  died  Oct.  14, 
17oo.  Job  xix.  25.  24.  Some 
Mistakes  in  a  book  of  Mr.  Johnson 
of  Liverpool,  entitled,  The  Faith 
of  God's  Elect,  &c.,  noted  and  rec- 
tified, 1755.  25.  Diligence  in 
Study  recommended  to  Ministers  : 
a  Sermon  at  the  Ordination  of  Mr. 
Richard  Rist,  at  Harlow,  in  Essex. 
Dec.  15,  1756.  1.  Tim.  iv.  15,  16, 
27.  Doctrines  of  the  Imputation  of 
Sin  to  Christ,  and  the  Imputation 
of  Righteousness  to  his  people : 
preached  at  Eastcheap,  Dec.  29, 
1756.  2.  Cor.  v.  21.  28.  The 
Gospel  not  absurd,  nor  contrary  to 
Justice,  nor  licentious  :  preached  at 
Great  Eastcheap,  April  12,  1757. 
2.  Tim.  ii.  25.  29.  Animadver- 
sions upon  the  Letters  on  Theron 
and  Aspasio ;  in  an  address  to  that 
ingenious  author,  175S.  30.  The 
Knowledge  of  future  glory,  the 
support  of  the  saints  in  the  present 
troubles  :  preached  at  Hemelhemp- 
stead,  on  the  death  of  the  Rev. 
Clendon  Hawkes,  Dec.  15,  175S. 
2.  Cor.  V.  1.  31.  The  imputation 
of  Christ's  active  obedience  to  his 
people,  and  the  merit  of  it  demon- 
strated :  preached  at  Great  East- 
cheap,  Dec.  27,  1758.  Rom.  iv.  6. 
32.  Grace  proved  to  be  at  the 
Sovereign  disposal  of  God  :  a  Dis- 
course at  the  Monthly  Meeting  in 
Goodman's  Fields,  July  19,  1760. 
Deut.  xxix.  4.  33.  Christ  the  ob- 
ject of  God's  everlasting  delight : 
preached  at  Great  Eastcheap,  Dec. 
31,  1760.  Prov.  viii.  30,  31.  34. 
A  right  to  eternal  glory  through 
the  meritorious  obedience  of  Christ, 
proved  to  be  consistent  with  abso- 
lute freedom  and  sovereignty  of 
divine  grace,  as  the  origin  of  it. 
Titus  iii.  7.  1762.  35.  The 
glory  of  the  Gospel  considered : 
preached    at   Kettering,    May    23, 


1762.      1.    Tim.    i.    11.      36.    Sin 

reigns  not,  nor  shall  reign  iii  the 
Saints :  preached  at  a  montiily  ex- 
ercise, April  20,  1764.  Rom.  vi. 
14.  37.  The  Baptists  vindicated 
from  some  groundless  charges 
brought  against  them  by  Mr.  EI- 
tringham,  1766.  Wikons  Hist. 
Dissenting  Churches,  vol.  2,  p.  574- 
580.  Vol.  3,  p.  304.  We  add  the 
following  from  Benedict,  p.  172, 
ed.  1848.  "Rev.  John  Brine,  1. 
Vindication  of  the  Baptists  from 
some  groundless  charges  brought 
against  them  by  Mr.  Eltringhara, 
in  a  pamphlet,  entitled,  the  Bap- 
tist  against  the  Baptists,  &c., 
wherein  he  represents  them  as 
erroneous,  persecuting,  diabolical, 
and  guilty  of  deism,  pp.  79,  1756.- 
22.  (41.)  Answer  to  a  AVelsh 
clergyman's  twenty  arguments  in 
favor  of  infant  baptism,  p.  35, 
1756." 

Mr.  Brine  was  buried  in  Bunhill 
Fields,  where,  upon  his  tombstone, 
which  had  been  lately  repaired, 
may  be  seen  the  follov/ing  inscrip- 
tion : 

Here  lie  interred,  the  remains  of 

THE    REVEREXD    JOUX    BRIXE, 

Who  departed  this   life 

Feb.the2\st,  1765, 

In  the  63rd  year  of  his  age. 

His  ministerial  abilities  were  yery  extraordinary, 

And  his  zeal  and  faithfulness 

In  asserting  and  defending  the  important  principles 

of  religion, 

Equally  conspicuous. 

Not  long  before  his  decease, 

He  expressed  his  sentiments  in  the  following  words  ; 

"  /  think  I  am  of  sinners  the  chief,  ofsaintu  the  least : 

"  1  know  that  I  am  nothing ^ 

'*  But  by  the  grace  of  God  I  am  what  I  am." 

"Also, 

Mart   Beine, 

Widow  of  the  above  .Jon>'  Brine. 

Obiit,31st  .January,  1784;   ^tat.  86  years. 

Wilson,  ut  Supra, 

BLISS,  Rev.  John  F.,  author  of 
Letters  on  Christian  Baptism,  as 
the  initiating  ordinance  into  the 
Real  Kinsdom  of  Christ.     Also  on 


96 


Bi 


HAYNES'  BAPTIST 


Bi 


the  Contrast  between  the  Kingdom 
as  organized  by  Christ,  and  the 
present  sectarian  state  of  the  Cliris- 
tian  world.  By  Rev.  John  F. 
Bliss,  Lexington,  New- York,  12mo. 
p.  223,  1841.     Benedict,  p.  241. 

BICROFT,  JosiAH,  anthor  of 
A  Looking-glass  for  the  Anabap- 
tists and  the  rest  of  the  Separatists. 
By  Josiah  Bicroft.  London,  4to. 
1645.  Benedict,  p.  276,  and  Art. 
Anabaptists. 

BILLINGSLY,  John  Ashcum, 
was  born  in  St.  Mary's  connty, 
Maryland,  April  24th,  1770.  He 
was  the  only  son  of  Zachary  Bil- 
lingsley ;  his  mother's  maiden 
name  was  Ashcnm.  He  removed 
to  Virginia  when  about  fourteen 
years  old,  and  at  an  early  age  mar- 
ried Sally  Duerson,  daughter  of 
Joseph  Duerson,  of  Spotsylvania. 
He  commenced  the  world  in  good 
circumstances,  and,  though  liberal 
to  a  fault,  continued  quite  inde- 
pendent through  life.  In  his  youth- 
ful days,  he  was  a  devotee  to  all 
the  vain  amusements  of  a  giddy 
world.  He  was  a  very  witty  and 
agreeable  young  man,  and  uncom- 
monly active  ;  having  a  fine  ear 
for  music,  and  being  an  excellent 
performer  on  the  violin,  he  was 
always  a  welcome  visitor  in  the 
ball  room,  and  seldom  lost  an  op- 
portunity to  gratify  his  fondness 
for  the  amusement.  Horse  racing 
and  card  playing  also  were  with 
him  favorite  indulgences.  Not- 
withstanding his  zeal  in  his  old 
master's  service,  (as  he  frequently 
called  the  devil,)  he  was  never 
charged  with  any  action  that  in- 
volved a  compromise  of  honor. 

In  this  round  of  folly  and  indis- 
cretion, thoughts  of  a  future  state 
would  sometimes  be  forced  upon 
his     attention  ;     but    by    mighty 


efforts  to  resist  the  monitions  of 
conscience,  he  lived  in  pleasure, 
(falsely  so  called,)  till  about  the 
24th  year  of  his  age,  when  an  inci- 
dent occurred  in  the  providence  of 
God,  that  completely  dissolved  the 
charm  of  sinful  indulgence  by 
which  he  had  been  held.  He  hap- 
pened to  be  present  at  a  Baptist 
meeting,  held  by  Elder  Jeremiah 
Chandler,  at  Mine  road  meeting- 
house :  after  the  services  were  over, 
Mr.  Henry  Pendleton,  an  aged 
member  of  the  church,  presented 
himself  before  the  congregation, 
and  begged  an  interest  in  the  pray- 
ers of  God's  people.  He  had  al- 
ways looked  upon  Mr.  P.  as  one  of 
the  best  men  in  the  world,  and 
concluded,  if  he  needed  the  sufkpli- 
cations  of  God's  people,  that  his 
own  situation  must  be  deplorable 
indeed.  He  was  brought  down  an 
humble  penitent  at  the  foot  of  the 
cross,  and  leaving  the  gallery 
where  he  was  sitting,  he  fearlessly 
came  up  to  the  minister,  and  pub- 
licly besought  the  pious  to  remem- 
ber him  also  in  prayer.  His  dis- 
tress of  mind  was  sore  indeed ! 
Looking  upon  himself  as  a  poor 
lost  sinner,  justly  condemned  by 
the  law  of  God,  he  said,  he  saw 
not  how  God  could  be  just,  and 
save  such  a  rebel ;  and  so  strong 
was  his  regard  for  the  character  of 
God,  that  he  could  not  desire  his 
own  salvation  at  the  expense  of 
the  divine  honor.  His  anguish 
of  heart  continued  until  the  Lord's 
day,  when  he  was  enabled  to  be- 
lieve in  the  Lord  Jesus  Christ,  and 
so  clear  were  his  views  of  the  cha- 
racter and  offices  of  the  Saviour, 
that,  he  exclaimed,  if  he  had  ten 
thousand  souls,  he  would  resign 
them  all  into  his  hands. 

From  this  moment  he  had  im- 


Bi 


CYULOP^DU.. 


97 


pressions  to  preach  the  unsearch- 1 
able  riches  of  Christ  to  a  dying 
world,  but  was  prevented  for  a  long 
time  by  a  sense  of  his  nnworthi- 
ness,  and  the  fear  of  assuniing  a 
work  for  which  he  was  not  quali- 
fied. He  was  baptized  in  October, 
1794,  by  Elder  Absalom  Waller; 
united  himself  with  the  church  at 
Waller's,  and  became  a  very  active 
and  zealous  member.  He  began 
to  exercise  his  gift  in  exhortation, 
on  the  4th  July,  1808.  In  1810, 
he  was  called  to  take  the  pastoral 
care  of  the  church  at  Zoar,  Orange 
county,  and  was  ordained  in  Octo- 
ber of  the  same  year.  Al'ter  the 
death  of  Elder  A.  Waller,  he  was 
chosen  pastor  of  Waller's  and  Elk 
creek  churches,  and  after  the  re- 
moval of  Elder  A.  M.  Lewis  to  the 
west,  he  became  pastor  of  the 
churches  at  Countyline  and  Beth- 
any, having  resigned  his  charge  at 
Zoar  and  Elk  creek.  It  was  also 
through  his  efficiency  that  the 
church  at  Mount  Hermon,  in  the 
upper  part  of  Spotsylvania,  was 
planted,  and  by  his  ministrations 
it  was  watered  as  long  as  he  was 
able  to  travel.  The  last  time  he 
visited  this  church,  which  was  in 
the  winter  pre\'ious  to  his  death, 
he  was  in  very  feeble  health,  but 
his  physical  energies  appeared  not 
to  give  way  under  a  very  long  dis- 
course. He  was  much  emaciated 
by  disease ;  his  visage  thin  and 
pale,  and  his  head  covered  with  a 
cap.  His  words  were  regarded  by 
all  who  heard  him,  as  the  testimo- 
ny of  a  dying  man.  He  declared 
it  to  be  his  solemn  conviction,  that 
that  would  be  the  last  time  he 
should  ever  be  permitted  to  address 
that  church,  and  if  he  ever  felt 
anxious  to  be  faithful,  he  did  then. 
He  took,  as  the  foundation  of  his 


discourse,  the  letters  to  the  seven 
churches  in  Asia,  as  contained  in 
the  2nd  and  ;3rd  chapters  of  Reve- 
lations, warning  the  church  against 
the  errors  of  the  times,  among 
which  he  classed  "  the  views  of 
i\Ir.  Alexander  Campbell ;"  and  ex- 
horted them  to  continue  in  "  the 
faith  once  delivered  to  the  saints." 
Even  after  he  was  unable  to  travel, 
hearing  that  a  few  of  the  members 
of  this  church  were  rather  inclined 
to  subscribe  to  the  views  of  Mr.  C. 
he  wrote  a  long  pastoral  letter  to 
the  church,  urging  them  to  the 
prompt  discharge  of  duty,  and  bear- 
ing his  marked  disapprobation  to 
"  the  (miscalled)  reformation." 

Elder  Billingsly  discharged  all 
the  social  duties  incumbent  upon 
him  as  husband,  father,  master, 
neighbor,  &cc.  in  a  manner  truly 
exemplary.  He  was  a  man  of 
God  ;  a  firm  believer  in  the  effica- 
cy of  prayer,  and  oft  engaged  at 
the  mercy  seat,  in  behalf  of  him- 
self and  others.  His  father,  who 
was  an  Episcopalian  by  profession, 
was  brought  under  conviction  for 
sin,  by  overhearing  him  at  prayer 
in  secret  for  him.  He  was  a  popu- 
lar, .successful,  and  indefatigable 
preacher.  Dr.  Scott  o)ice  told  him, 
if  he  continued  to  travel  and  preach 
so  much,  it  would  certainly  kill 
him.  He  replied,  he  could  not  die 
in  a  better  cause,  and  that  he  had 
much  rather  wear  out,  than  rust 
out. 

Elder  B.  did  not  enjoy  the  bene- 
fits of  classical  learning,  but  pos- 
.sessed  a  good  English  education, 
which  he  greatly  improved  by  sub- 
sequent reading  and  study.  He 
was  devoted  to  books  ;  had  a  good 
library,  and  when  not  engaged  in 
his  duties  from  home,  wa«s  generally 
found  with   a   book    in   his  hand. 


98 


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HAYNES'  BAPTIST 


Bi 


Among  uninspired  writers,  Fuller 
and  Newton  were  favorite  authors 
with  hinr.  From  this  fact,  the 
character  of  his  preaching  may  be 
known.  His  labors  were  greatly 
blessed  at  various  periods  of  his 
ministerial  career  —  few  men  in 
modern  times  have  been  instrn- 
mental  in  the  conversion  of  more 
sinners,  or  baptized  more  believing 
subjects.  His  praise  was  in  all  the 
churches  in  this  region  of  country, 
as  an  evangelical  preacher ;  a  man 
of  great  humility,  of  deep  toned 
piety,  and  of  considerable  research 
in  scriptural  knowledge.  Notwith- 
standing, he  always  had  a  very 
humble  opinion  of  his  own  perfor- 
mances, particularly  those  of  a  reli- 
gious character,  often  saying,  his 
best  services  had  need  to  be  wash- 
ed in  the  blood  of  Christ,  to  cleanse 
them  from  sin.  Elder  Billi)igsly 
suifered  with  ill  health  for  many 
years  previous  to  his  death,  but 
continued  to  preach  till  a  few 
months  before  his  departure.  His 
bodily  strength  at  length  failing 
him,  he  was  compelled  to  take  his 
bed.  But  after  disease  had  wasted 
his  body  to  a  mere  skeleton,  his 
mental  facnities  existed  in  all  their 
vigor,  and  his  faith  in  the  atoning 
blood  of  Christ,  produced  joy  inex- 
pressible and  full  of  glory.  Christ 
and  his  cross  were  all  his  theme. 
A  few  days  previous  to  his  death, 
on  perceiving  his  friends  weeping 
around  his  bedside,  he  reached  out 
his  withered  arms,  and  put  them 
around  the  neck  of  one  of  his 
daughters,  clasped  her  to  his  breast, 
and  said,  "  My  dear,  do  not  weep 
for  me  !  do  not  grieve  after  me  !" 
She  replied,  "  we  weep  to  see  you 
suffer  so  much  ;"  he  said,  "  Jesus 
suffered  much  more  for  me ;  it  will 
soon  be  over  ;"  he  clasped  his  hands 


and  said,  "  glory !  glory !  I  shall 
soon  be  at  home."  On  another  oc- 
casion, when  a  singing  master,  in 
company  with  some  of  his  scholars, 
paid  him  a  visit,  he  said,  "  I  shall 
soon  sing  louder  than  any  of  you. 
I  hope  the  Lord  has  a  harp  laid 
aside  for  me." 

A  day  or  two  before  his  death, 
he  observed  to  a  daughter,  who 
was  watching  by  his  bedside,  "Oh, 
my  child,  I  have  been  assaulted  by 
some  fiery  darts  from  the  enemy — 
he  has  been  trying  to  tempt  me  to 
believe  that  if  I  were  a  child  of 
Grod,  he  would  not  permit  me  to 
lie  here  and  suffer  so  long.  But  it 
is  the  enemy — for  it  is  written — 
yes,  it  is  written,  man  shall  not 
live  by  bread  alone,  but  by  every 
word  that  proceedeth  out  of  the 
mouth  of  God ;  and  whom  the 
Lord  loveth  he  chasteneth,  and 
scourgeth  every  son  whom  he.  re- 
ceiveth.  No  wonder  the  enemy 
should  follow  me  down  to  the 
grave,  for  he  contended  for  the 
body  of  Moses.  But  I  shall  yet 
come  off'  conqueror.  I  believe  my 
Saviour  is  now  walking  with  me 
through  the  furnace,  although  I 
cannot  see  him."  He  often  said 
he  was  a  poor  unworthy  sinner,  but 
trusted  he  had  a  kind  intercessor 
and  advocate  with  the  Father,  and 
through  him  he  could  be  accepted. 
All  this  truth  was  in  him.  The 
morning  he  died,  he  said,  "  I  feel 
very  strange  !  Can  this  be  death  ? 
Can  I  be  dying  ?"  One  of  his 
daughters  said,  "  Father,  you  are 
not  afraid  to  die?"  "No!  no!" 
he  replied.  He  requested  that  all 
his  children  should  be  called  to  his 
bed — then,  looking  up,  he  said,  "O 
death,  where  is  thy  sting  ?  I  hope 
death — "  Here  his  voice  failed 
him,  but  he  clasped  his  hands,  and 


Bi 


CYCLOPEDIA. 


99 


was  heard  to  articulate  faintly, 
though  distinctly,  "  rest  !  rest ! 
rest !"  and  closed  his  eyes  on  all 
earthly  objects  on  the  1st  day  of 
August,  1837,  in  the  sixty-eighth 
year  of  his  age,  leaving  a  wife 
and  nine  children,  all  married  and 
comfortably  settled  in  life,  and  all 
members  of  the  Baptist  church 
save  one.  When  he  died  he  was 
living  at  his  plantation  called  Sa- 
leni,  in  iSpotsylvania,  near  Frede- 
rickburgh.  Taylor  s  Virginia  Bap- 
tist Mill  isters. 

BIBLIOTHECA  BRITANNI- 
CA.  Since  this  work  is  so  copi- 
ously quoted,  some  account  of  it 
will  be  given  under  the  name  of 
the  author, — Art.  WATT,  Robert, 
M.  D.,  which  see. 

BOYS,  Dr.  Ten  authors  of 
this  name  are  noticed  inBibliothe- 
ca  Britannica,  and  several  by  the 
name  of  Boyes,  and  of  John  Boys's 
three  or  more,  as  Booth  only  quotes 
from  Boys'  works,  we  incline  to 
think  that  Rev.  John  Boyes  who  was 
born  at  Yorkshire,  1660,  died  1728, 
a  Protestant  dissenting  minister  of 
England,  whose  works  were  print- 
ed, Lond.  1728,  2  vols.  fol.  is  the 
one  intended.     He  thus  testifies  : 

"  The  dipping  in  holy  baptism 
has  three  parts ;  the  putting  into 
the  water,  the  continuance  in  the 
water,  and  the  coming  out  of  the 
water.  The  putting  into  the  water 
doth  ratify  the  mortification  of  sin 
by  the  power  of  Christ's  death,  as 
Paul,  Rom.  vi.  3.  Know  ye  not  that 
all  we  which  have  been  baptized  in- 
to Jesus  Christ  have  been  baptized 
into  his  death,  and  that  our  old 
man  is  crucified  with  him?  The 
continuance  in  the  water  notes  the 
burial  of  sin ;  to  wit,  a  continual 
increase  of  mortification  by  the 
power  of  Christ's  death  and  burial, 


Rom.  vi.  4.  The  coming  out  of 
the  water  figured  our  spiritual 
resurrection  and  vivification  to 
newness  of  life,  by  the  power  of 
Christ's  resurrection,  Rom.  vi.  4, 
Col.  ii.  12."  Works,  p.  294.  Edit. 
1629.  Booth,  Fadobaptism  Ex- 
amined, p.  50. 

BROOKE,  Robert,  author  of — 
Nature  of  Truth  in  union  and 
unity  with  the  soul.  Lond.  1641. 
8vo.  Discourse,  opening  the  Na- 
ture of  that  Episcopacy  which  is 
exercised  in  England.  Lond.  1641. 
4to.  Bib.  Brit.  This  last  work  is 
quoted  by  Booth  as  follows: 

"  To  those  that  hold  we  may  go 
no  farther  than  Scripture,  for  doc- 
trine or  discipline,  it  may  be  very 
easy  to  err  in  this  point  now  on 
hand  (i.  e.  Infant  baptism,)  since 
the  Scripture  seems  not  clearly  to 
have  determined  this  particular. 
The  analogy  which  baptism  now 
hath  with  circumcision  in  the  old 
law,  is  a  fine  rhetorical  argument, 
to  illustrate  a  point  well  proved  be- 
fore ;  but  I  somewhat  doubt 
whether  it  be  proof  enough  for  that 
which  some  would  prove  by  it : 
Since,  besides  the  vast  difference  in 
the  ordinances,  the  persons  to  be 
circumcised  are  stated  by  positive 
law,  so  express  that  it  leaves  no 
place  for  scruple.  But  it  is  far 
otherwise  in  baptism ;  where  all 
the  designations  of  persons  fit  to  be 
partakers,  for  aught  I  know,  is  only 
such  as  believe.  For  this  is  the 
qualification  that,  with  exact- 
est  search,  I  find  the  Scripture  re- 
quires in  persons  to  be  baptized  ; 
and  this,  it  seems  to  require 
in  all  such  persons.  Now,  how 
infants  can  be  said  properly  to 
believe,  I  am  not  yet  fully  re- 
solved." Discourse  of  Episco- 
pacy,   Sect.    II.    Chap.  vii.  p.  97. 


100 


Bi 


HAYNES'  BAPTIST 


ad  Booth,  Pcedobaptism,  Ex- 
amined, p.  296. 

"  Else  -were  t/our  children  unclean, 
but  now  are  they  holy.  I  know 
some  interpret  it  tlius  :  If  it  be  1  aw- 
ful for  a  believer  to  live  in  wed- 
lock with  one  that  believeth  not, 
then  have  many  of  you  lived  a 
long  time  in  unlawful  marriage  ; 
and  so  your  very  children  must  be 
illegitimate,  and  these  all  must  be 
cast  off  as  base  born ;  but  this  is  not 
so  ;  for  your  children  are  holy,  that 
is,  legitimate.  I  confess  this  seems  a 
'i'e?-j//fm- interpretation  ;  yet  I  must 
question  whether  this  be  all  the 
Apostle  means  by  that  phrase  holy, 
especially  when  I  reflect  on  the 
preceding  words.  The  unbeliever  is 
sanctified  bi/  the  believer.  Nor  yet 
can  I  believe  any  inherent  holiness 
is  here  meant,  but  rather  that  rela- 
tive church-holiness,  which  makes 
a  man  capable  of  admission  to 
holy  ordinances,  and  so  to  baptism, 

YEA  AND   TO  THE   LORd's  SUPPER   ALSO 

FOR  AUGHT  I  SEE  :  cxccpt,  perhaps, 
infants  be  excluded  from  this  sa- 
crament, by  this  text,  Let  him  that 
eateth  examine  himself  and  so  let 
him  eat."  Discourse  on  Episcopacy, 
Sect.  ii.  Chap.  vii.  p.  97,  98.  Booth 
in  Paedobaptism  Examined,  p. 
380. 

BOWER,  Archibald,  Esq.,  born 
at  Dundee,  Scotland,  1686,  died 
1766.  A  very  able,  learned,  and 
extensive  \vriter  against  popery. 
Among  other  works,  author  of — 
The  History  of  the  Popes,  from  the 
foundation  of  the  See  of  Rome  to 
the  present  time.  Lond.  1750-1766. 
7  vols.  4to.  Bib.  Brit.  Booth  quotes 
this  work,  vol.  II.  p.  110.  Note,  p. 
121.  Note  as  follows: 

"  Baptism  by  immersion  was  un- 
doubtedly the  apostolical  practice, 
and  was  never  dispensed  with  by 


the  church,  except  in  case  of  sick- 
ness, or  when  a  sufficient  quantity 
of  water  could  not  be  had.  In 
both  these  cases,  baptism  by  asper- 
sion, or  sprinkling,  was  allowed, 
but  in  no  other.  Hist,  of  the 
Popes,  vol.  II.  p.  110.  Note.  See 
also  p.  121  Note.  Booth,  Psedo- 
baptism  Examined,  p.  83.  No- 
thing more  can  here  be  added  Res- 
pecting Mr.  Bower,  except  the  bare 
cited  concession. 

BOSSUET,  James  Benigne,  bi- 
shop of  Meaux,  born  at  Dygon,  in 
France,  1627,  died  at  Paris,  1704, 
an  eminent  writer  and  preacher,  is 
quoted  by  Booth  as  follows  : 

"  To  BAPTIZE  signifies  to  plunge, 
as  is  granted  by  all  the  world."  In 
Mr.  Stennett  against  Mr.  Russen, 
p.  174.  Booth,  Pcedobaptism  Ex- 
amined, p.  22. 

"The  baptism  of  St.  John  the 
Baptist,  which  served  for  a  pre- 
parative to  that  of  Jesus  Christ, 
was  performed  by  plunging.  When 
Jesus  Christ  came  to  St.  John,  to 
raise  baptism  to  a  more  marvellous 
efficacy  in  receiving  it,  the  Scrip- 
ture says.  That  he  went  up  out  of 
the  ivater  of  Jordan,  Matt.  iii.  16. 
Mark  i.  10.  In  fine,  we  read  not 
in  the  Scripture  that  baptism  was 
otherwise  administered;  and  we 
are  able  to  make  it  appear,  by  the 
acts  of  councils,  and  by  the  ancient 
rituals,  that  FOR  THIRTEEN 
HUNDRED  YEARS,  baptism  was 
thus  administered  throughout  the 
whole  church,  as  far  as  was  pos.sible." 
In  Mr.  Stennet  against  Mr.  Russen. 
p.  175,  176.  Booth,  Paedobaptism 
Examined,     p.  93. 

"  It  appears  not  that  the  three  thou- 
sand and  the  five  thousand,  men- 
tioned in  the  Acts  of  the  Apostles, 
who  were  converted  at  the  first  ser- 
mons of  St.  Peter,  were  baptized  any 


Bi 


CYCLOPEDIA. 


hi 


101 


other  way,  (than  by  immersion ;) 
and  the  great  numbers  of  those 
converts  is  no  proof  that  they  were 
baptized  by  sprinkling,  as  some 
have  conjectnred.  For,  besides 
that  nothing  obliges  ns  to  say,  that 
they  were  all  baptized  on  the  mme 
day,  'tis  certain  that  !St.  John  the 
Baptist,  who  baptized  no  less  num- 
bers, seeing  ail  Judea  flocked  to 
him,  baptized  no  otlier  way  than 
by  dipping,  and  his  example  shows 
us,  that,  to  baptize  a  greater  num- 
ber of  people,  those  places  were 
chosen  where  there  was  abundance 
of  water.  Add  to  this,  that  the 
batlis  and  imrijications  of  the  an- 
cients rendered  this  ceremony  easy 
and  familiar  at  that  time."  In  Mr. 
Stexxett  s  Answer  to  Mr.  Russen, 
p.  175,  176.  Booth,  Pcedobaptis^n 
Exaniined,  p.  113. 

"■  Though  these  are  incontestible 
truths,  (namely,  that  baptism  is  im- 
mersion and  inrmersion  were  prac- 
ticed by  the  Apostles)  yet  neither 
we,  nor  those  of  the  pretended 
Reformed  religion,  hearken  to  the 
Anabaptists,  who  believe  mersion 
to  be  essential  and  indispensable ; 
nor  liave  either  they  or  we  feared 
to  change  this  dipping,  as  I  may 
say,  of  the  whole  body,  into  a  bare 
aspersion,  or  infusion  on  one  part 
of  it.  No  other  reason  of  this  al- 
teration can  be  rendered,  than  that 
this  dipping  is  not  of  the  substance 
of  baptism  ;  and  those  of  the  pre- 
tended Reformed  religion  agreeing 
with  us  in  this,  the  tirst  principle 
we  have  laid  down  is  incontestible. 
The  second  principle  is,  that  to 
distinguish  in  a  sacrament  what 
does  or  does  not  belong  to  the  sub- 
stance of  it,  we  must  consider  the 
essential  efficacy  of  the  sacrament. 
Thus,  although  the  word  of  Jesus 
Christ,  baptize,  as  has  been  said. 


signifies  dip,  it  has  been  thought 
that  the  efficacy  of  the  sacrament 
was  not  annexed  to  the  quantity 
of  water  ;  so  that  baptism  by  in- 
fusion, and  sprinkling,  or  by  mer- 
sion, appearing  in  reality  to  have 
the  same  efficacy,  both  the  one 
and  the  other  mode  is  judged  good. 
Now  seeing,  as  we  have  said,  we 
can  not  find  in  the  eucharist  any 
essential  efficacy  of  the  body  dis- 
tinguished from  that  of  the  blood  ; 
the  grace  of  one  and  of  the  otlia;-,  as 
the  sum  and  substance  of  it,  can 
not  but  be  the  same.  It  signifies 
nothing  to  say,  the  representation 
of  the  death  of  our  Lord,  is  more 
express  in  the  two  kinds.  I  grant 
it,  and  in  like  manner  the  .new 
birth  of  a  believer,  is  more  express 
inimmersion,t\idii\  in  bare  infusion, 
or  aspersion.  For  the  believer 
being  plunged  in  the  water  of  bap- 
tism, is  buried  with  Jesus  Christ, 
as  the  Apostle  expresses  it.  Rom. 
vi.  4.  Col.  ii.  12.  and  coming  out 
of  the  water  quits  the  tomb  with 
his  Saviour,  and  more  perfectly  re- 
presents the  mystery  of  Jesus 
Christ,  who  regenerates  him. 
Mersion  in  which  water  is  applied 
to  the  whole  body  or  to  all  its 
parts,  also  more  perfectly  signifies 
that  a  man  is  more  fully  and  en- 
tirely washed  from  his  defilements : 
and  yet,  baptism  performed  by  im- 
mersion, or  plunging,  is  not  better 
than  that  which  is  administered 
by  simple  infusion,  and  on  one 
part  only.  'Tis  sufficient  that  the 
expression  of  the  mystery  of  Jesus 
Christ,  and  the  efficacy  of  grace, 
is  found  in  substance  in  the  sacra- 
ment, and  the  utmost  exactness  of 
representation  is  not  required  in 
it.  Thus,  in  the  eucharist,  the  ex- 
pression of  the  death  of  our  Lord, 
being  in    substance    found    in    it, 


102 


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HAYNES'  BAPTIST 


Bo 


when  that  body  which  was  deliver- 
ed up  for  us,  is  given  to  us;  and 
the  expression  of  the  grace  of  the 
sacrament  being  also  found  in  it, 
when  the  image  of  our  spiritual 
nourishment  is  given  us,  under  the 
species  of  bread  ;  the  blood,  which 
only  adds  to  it  a  more  express  signi- 
Jication,  is  not  absolutely  necessary. 
In  Mr.  Stennett  against  Mr. 
Russen,  p.  176,  178.  Apud.  Booth, 
PcedobcqHism  Exaynined,  p.  153. 

"  As  for  infants,  those  of  the 
pretended  Reformed  religion  in- 
deed say,  their  baptism  is  founded 
on  the  scripture,  but  they  produce 
no  passii,  -  express  to  that  purpose, 
but  argue  from  very  remote,  not  to 
say  doubtful,  and  even  very  false 
consequences.  Tis  certain  that  all 
proofs  they  bring  from  the  scripture 
on  this  subject  have  no  force  at 
all ;  and  those  that  might  have 
some  strength  are  destroyed  by 
themselves.  The  proofs  that  are 
drawn  from  the  necessity  of  bap- 
tism, to  compel  men  to  allow  it  to 
infants,  are  destroyed  by  our  re- 
formed gentlemen  ;  and  these  that 
follow  are  substituted  in  their  room, 
as  they  are  noted  in  their  Cate- 
chism, in  their  Confession  of  Faith, 
and  in  their  prayers.  Namely,  that 
the  children  of  believers  are  born 
in  the  covenant  according  to  this 
promise,  /  will  be  thy  God,  and  the 
God  of  thy  ojfsjxring  to  a  thousand 
generations.  From  whence  they 
conclude,  that  since  the  virtue  and 
substance  of  baptism  belongs  to  in- 
fants, it  would  be  injurioirs  to  them 
to  deny  them  the  sign,  which  is 
inferior  to  it.  By  alike  reason  they 
will  find  themselves  forced  to  give 
the  com?nunion  together  with  bap- 
tism :  for  they  who  are  in  the  co- 
venant are  incorporated  with  Jesus 
Christ.  And  having  by  this  means, 


according  to  them,  the  virtue  and 
substance  of  the  communion  ;  they 
ought  to  say,  as  they  do  of  baptism, 
that  the  sign  of  it  cannot  without 
injury  be  refused  them."  In  Sten- 
nett against  Mr.  Russen,  pp.  180, 
182,  183.  Booth,  Psedobaptism 
Examined,  p.  190. 

BOCHER,  Joan,  of  Kent.  This 
lady  suffered  martyrdom  as  a  Bap- 
tist in  the  reign  of  Edward  VI.  of 
England,  brother  of  Mary,  who 
reluctantly  signed  her  death  war- 
rant, and  remonstrated  against  the 
cruelty  of  the  act,  with  the  relent- 
less Cranmer.  "  She  was  a  great 
dispenser  of  Tyndal's  New  Testa- 
ment, and  a  great  reader  of  scrip- 
ture herself,  which  book  also  she 
dispersed  in  the  Court,  and  so  be- 
came known  to  certain  women  of 
quality,  and  was  particularly  ac- 
quainted with  Mrs.  Ann  Askew. 
She  used  for  greater  secresy  to  tie 
the  books  with  .strings  under  her 
apparel,  and  so  pass  with  them  in- 
to the  Court."  Strype's  Ecc'l. 
Mem.  vol.  2.  p.  214.  "If  I  do 
wrong,  since  it  is  in  submission  to 
your  authority,  you  shall  answer 
it  before  God,"  said  the  young 
king  Edward  to  Cranmer,  who 
was  deeply  affected  with  the  king's 
remonstrance.  This  reminds  one 
of  Pilate's  washing  his  hands  when 
he  delivered  Jesus  to  the  Jews,  and 
Cranmer's  conduct  resembles  that 
of  Jesus'  murderers,  who  said, 
"  His  blood  be  upon  us  and  on  our 
children."  Let  the  reader  consult 
Fox's  Book  of  Martyrs. 

BOURN,  Immanuel,  an  English 
Divine,  born  in  Northamptonshire, 
1590,  died  1672,  author  of  "De- 
fence and  Justification  of  Ministers' 
maintainance by  Tithes,  &c.  against 
the  Anabaptists  and  Quakers.  Lond. 
1659. 4to.  and  other  works.  Bib.Bri. 


Bo 


CYCLOPEDIA. 


Bo 


103 


BOHEMIUS,  Johannes,  "Inj 
former  times  it  was  the  custom  toj 
administer  baptism  only  to  those 
that  were  instructed  in  the  laith, 
and  seven  times,  in  the  week  be- 
fore Easter  and  Pentecost,  catechis- 
ed or  asked  questions,  and  then 
upon  a  confession  of  their  faith 
they  were  baptized,  it  was  ordain- 
ed that  new-born  children  should ! 
be  baptized,  and  sponsors  were  ap- 
pointed to  make  a  confession  of 
their  faith,  and  renounce  the  devil 
on  their  behalf  De  Gentium  Mori- 
bus,  L.  II.  in  A.  R's.  Vanity  of\ 
Infant  Baptism.  Part  ii.  p.  9.1 
Booth,  Pcedobaptism  Exa^nined, 
p.  196.  This  quotation  is  all  that 
we  can  now  record  of  this  Paedo- 
baptist  author. 

BOOTH,  Abraham,  a  pious  andj 
popular  Bapti-st  minister,  who  was' 
born  in  Derbj'shire,  England,  1734,1 
died  1806.  He  was  author  of  the] 
following  works :  i 

1.  The  Reign  of  Grace,  from  its 
Rise  to  its  Consummation  ;  with  a 
Recommendatory  Preface,  by  the 
Rev.  Henry  Vam,  Vicar  of  Hud- 
der-sfield.  Lond.  1768,  8vo.  1790. 
12mo. 

2.  The  Death  of  Legal  Hope, 
the  Life  of  Evangelical  Obedience, 
an  Essay  on  Gal.  iii.  19.  showing 
that  while  a  sinner  is  alive  to  the 
Law,  as  a  covenant,  he  can  not 
live  to  God  in  the  performance  of 
Duty,  and  that  the  Moral  Law  is 
immutable  in  its  nature,  and  of 
perpetual  use,  as  the  Rule  of  a  be- 
liever's Conduct.  1770.  8vo. 

3.  The  Deity  of  Jesus  Christ  es- 
sential to  the  Christian  Religion, 
a  translation  from  Abaddie,  and 
occasioned  by  the  Subscription 
Controversy.  1770. 

4.  An  Apology  for  the  Baptists 
in    refusint:    Commimion    at    the 


Lord's    Table     to      PBcdobaptists. 
1778.  12mo. 

5.  PeT;dobaptism  Examined  on 
the  Principles,  Concessions,  and 
Reasonings  of  the  most  learned 
Pa?dobaptists.  1784,  2  vols.  12  mo. 
and  enlarged,  1787.  2  vols.  A  work 
which  his  sect  consider  unanswer- 
able. 

6.  An  Essay  on  the  Kingdom  of 
Christ.  1788.  12  mo. 

7.  A  Defence  of  Psedobaptism 
Examined  ;  or  Animadversions  on 
Dr.  Williams'  Antipsedobaptism 
Examined.  1792.  12mo. 

8.  Glad  Tidings  to  Perishing 
Sinners  ;  or  the  Genuine  Gospel  a 
complete  warrant  for  the  ungodly 
to  believe  in  Jesus.  2d.  edit,  im- 
proved. 18  mo. 

9.  The  Amen  to  Social  Prayer 
illusti"ated  and  improved,  a  Ser- 
mon.  1801.  8vo. 

10.  Pastoral  Cautions,  an  Address 
at  the  Ordination  of  Mr.  Thomas 
Hopkins,  now  published  and  en- 
larged.  1805. 

11.  Sermon.   1801.  8vo. 

12.  Posthumous  Essays,  with  his 
Confession  of  Faith.  1808.  12mo. 

This  catalogue  is  taken  from  the 
Bibliotheca  Britannica.  In  the 
Encyclopedia  of  Religioias  Know- 
ledge is  the  following  article  which 
can  not  be  much  improved,  and  is 
extracted  notwithstanding  the  re- 
capitulation of  some  particulars. 

"  Booth,  Abraham,  the  well- 
known  champion  of  Baptist  prin- 
ciples, venerable  for  his  learning, 
piety,  and  talents,  was  born  at 
Blackwell,  in  Derbyshire,  in  the 
month  of  May,  1734.  He  was  the 
eldest  child  of  a  large  family,  and 
his  father  being  a  farmer,  he  brought 
his  son  up  to  the  business,  in  which 
he  assisted  him  till  he  had  arrived 
at  the  age  of  sixteen.     His  educa- 


104 


Bo 


HAYNES'  BAPTIST 


Bo 


tion  therefore,  in  early  years,  was 
very  much  neglected ;  he  never 
went  even  to  a  common  day-school, 
and  the  only  instruction  he  receiv- 
ed was  in  the  knowledge  of  the 
English  alphahet,  which  his  father 
taught  him  after  the  toils  and  fa- 
tigues of  the  day.  It  has  been 
iVequently  and  justly  observed, 
that  many  who  have  received  the 
least  instruction,  have,  in  the 
course  of  a  comparatively  short 
space  of  time,  made  the  most  rapid 
improvement  both  in  mind  and 
heart,  and  have  become  blessings 
to  their  friends  and  ornaments  to 
society ;  while  others  have  dis- 
graced both  their  preceptors  and 
themselves,  and  only  left  behind 
them  names  dishonored  and  un- 
worthy. To  the  former  may  be 
added  Abraham  Booth.  His  mind, 
ever  active  and  energetic,  was  at 
length  roused  to  exertion,  and  he 
determined  to  cultivate  it  himself 
This  resolution,  once  adopted,  never 
forsook  him;  and,  in  a  short  time, 
he  perfected  himself  in  arithmetic 
and  writing  :  and  while  the  other 
members  of  his  family  were  enjoy- 
ing their  nocturnal  repose,  he  was 
studying  and  preparing  himself  for 
that  future  usefulness  for  which  he 
was  subsequently  so  distinguished. 
The  bodily  fatigues  of  farming  not 
suiting  his  health,  he  learned  to 
work  in  the  stocking-frame,  but 
neither  was  this  application  adapt- 
ed to  him.  He  was  destined  for 
a  more  responsible  and  important 
work.  His  parents  were  members 
of  the  Church  of  England,  and, 
till  their  attention  was  arrested  by 
the  discourses  of  some  zealous  itin- 
erant preachers,  who  were  Gene- 
ral Baptists,  they  constantly  at- 
tended their  parish  church.  The 
mind    of    young     Abraham     was 


strongly  impressed  with  their  argu- 
ments, and,  after  mature,  deliber- 
ation, he  consented  to  be  baptized, 
at  Barton,  by  Mr.  Francis  Smith. 
Mr.  Booth  gave  very  early  marks 
of  piety;  and  was  frequently, 
when  his  parents  thought  lie  was 
devoting  his  time  to  recreation, 
overheard  in  prayer.  His  friends, 
impressed  with  the  idea  that  he 
possessed  talents  tor  usefulness  in 
the  church  of  God,  expressed  their 
anxierties  for  him  to  enter  the  mi- 
nistry ;  and,  after  many  prayers 
and  much  consideration  on  the  im- 
portance of  the  great  work  on 
which  he  was  entering,  he  became 
a  preacher  among  the  General  Bap- 
tists. He  was  an  active  minister 
of  the  Gospel ;  preaching  at  Mel- 
bourne, Barton,  Loughborough, 
Diseworth,  and  many  other  sur- 
rounding places,  where  he  labored 
with  much  success.  In  1758  he 
married  Miss  Elizabeth  Bowman, 
an  amiable  and  intelligent  young 
woman,  by  whom  he  had  a  large 
family.  These  increasing  demands 
on  his  income  induced  him  to  open 
an  academy  at  Sutton  Ashfield, 
for  young  gentlemen,  in  which 
he  was  joined  by  his  amiable  part- 
ner, who  received  a  proportionate 
number  of  females. 

In  1760  there  were  distinct 
churches  formed,  in  consequence 
of  the  Baptist  connexion  having 
increased;  and  Mr.  Booth  was  ac- 
cordingly set  apart  for  the  society 
of  Kirby  Woodhouse,  where  he 
labored  for  several  years,  till  an 
event  occurred,  which  made  it  his 
painful  duty  to  leave  a  people  to 
whom  he  was  much  attached,  and 
among  Avhom  he  had  labored  for 
many  years.  His  doctrinal  senti- 
ments underwent  an  important 
cliange.    Hitherto  he  had  held  the 


Bo 


CYCLOPiEDIA. 


Bo 


lOo 


Anniniaii  doctrine  of  the  efficacy 
of  divine  grace,  and  wrote  a»  work 
on  ''  Absolute  Predestination,"'  in 
which  lie  opposed  the  doctrine  of 
election,  which  he  afterwards 
warmly  vindicated.  He  now  pub- 
lished his  "  Reign  of  Grace,"  being 
the  substance  of  discourses  preach- 
ed in  a  room  at  Sutton  Ashiield, 
after  his  secession  from  the  Clene- 
ral  Baptists. 

In  1768,  he  was  called  to  the 
pastoral  office  of  the  church  in 
Prescot-street,  Goodman's  fields, 
London,  and  was  ordained  over 
them.  He  now  studied  intensely, 
and  soon  shone  as  a  theologian 
and  a  scholar.  In  17  70,  he  pub- 
lished a  tract,  entitled  "  The  Death 
of  Legal  Hope  the  Life  of  Evan- 
gelical Obedience,"  which  has 
been  greatly  praised.  In  1792,  the 
cries  and  tears  of  the  persecuted 
Africans  arrested  his  attention,  and 
he  publicly  avowed  his  utter  ab- 
horrence of  the  slave  trade ;  he 
took  an  active  part  in  forwarding 
petitions  to  the  English  legislature 
for  its  abolition ;  and  he  preached 
an  able  and  judicious  discourse,  in 
aid  of  the  society  formed  for  effect- 
ing the  abolition  of  that  horrid 
and  disgraceful  traffic.  Mr.  Booth 
now  became  an  author  of  first-rate 
celebrity  in  the  Baptist  denomi- 
nation, and  of  which  it  may  be 
truly  said  that  he  was  one  of  its 
brightest  ornaments.  In  1778,  he 
published  "  An  Apology  for  the 
Baptists,  in  which  they  are  Vindi- 
cated from  the  imputation  of  lay- 
ing an  undue  stress  on  the  ordi- 
nance of  Baptism ;"  namely,  when 
they  refuse  communion  at  the 
Lord's  Table  with  unbaptized  per- 
sons. A  powerful  effort  has  indeed 
been  lately  made  by  an  eloquent 
writer  of  their  own  denomination 


to  overturn  the  principles  of  the 
"  Apology,"'  and  vindicate  the  prac- 
tice of  mixed  comnrunion  ;  but 
Mr.  Booth  has  been  most  ably  sup- 
ported by  Mr.  Joseph  Kinghorn,  of 
Norwich,  and  still  more  recently 
have  the  fundamental  principles  of 
his  essay  been  vindic^ated  by  Mr. 
J.  G.  Fuller,  of  Bristol,  son  of  the 
late  secretary  to  the  Baptist  mis- 
sion, in  a  small  volume,  which  has 
yet  received  no  reply  froni  the  ad- 
vocates of  mixed  communion. 

In  1784,  in  consequence  of  the 
appearance  of  a  po.sthumous  pub- 
lication, on  the  subject  of  infant 
baptism,  from  the  pen  of  the  cele- 
brated Matthew  Henry,  Mr.  Booth 
gave  to  the  world  his  "  Paedobap- 
tism  Examined,  on  the  Principles, 
Concessions,  and  Reasonings  of 
the  most  learned  Psedobaptists,"  in 
which  he  meets  his  opponents  on 
their  own  ground,  avails  himself  of 
their  own  weapons,  and  with  singu- 
lar dexterity  turns  them  against 
themselves.  The  volume  was  re- 
viewed by  Mr.  Badcock,  in  the 
Monthly  Review  for  September, 
1784,  in  which  he  takes  occasion 
to  remark  in  the  course  of  his  cri- 
tique, that  "  sets  his  opponents  to- 
gether by  the  ears,  and  leaves  them 
to  overthrow  the  very  cause,  in 
defence  of  which  they  professed  to 
take  the  field."  The  edition  was 
quickly  disposed  of,  and  in  1787, 
our  author  came  forward  with  a 
second  edition,  now  greatly  enlarg- 
ed by  additional  quotations  from 
the  writings  of  the  most  celebrat- 
ed Psedobaptists,  accompanied  by 
additional  illustrations,  remarks, 
and  reasonings,  comprised  in  two 
thick  and  closely  printed  volumes. 
In  this  performance,  the  reader 
will  be  astonished  at  the  extent  of 
the  author's  reading  and  research, 


106 


Bo 


HAYNES'  BAPTIST 


Bo 


his  indefatigable  industry,  and  his 
patient  perseverance  in  the  prose- 
cution of  his  subject,  nor  less  so 
at  his  skill  in  the  luminous  ar- 
rangement of  his  materials,  which 
are  collected  from  ancient  fathers, 
from  historians  of  every  age  andj 
country,  from  the  most  eminent 
professors  and  pious  divines.  In  a 
word,  he  seems  to  have  exhausted 
the  controversy  on  the  side  of  the 
Baptists.  An  attempt,  however, 
was  made  to  furnish  a  reply,  by 
Dr.  Williams,  afterwards  president 
of  the  Rotherdam  dissenting  aca- 
demy, which  called  up  our  author 
again,  in  1792,  when  he  published 
"  A  Defence  of  P^dobaptism  Ex- 
amined ;  or.  Animadversions  on 
Dr.  Edward  Williams's  Anti-psedo- 
baptism  Examined."  It  was  com- 
prised in  a  volume  of  more  than 
five  hundred  pages,  and  displays 
equal  ability  with  the  former  work. 
After  being  many  years  out  of 
print,  a  new  edition  of  the  whole 
of  these  pieces  on  the  baptismal 
controversy  has  recently  made  its 
appearance (1828)  inthree  volumes, 
octavo,  handsomely  printed. 

To  enumerate  all  the  productions 
of  our  author's  pen  would  be  to  ex- 
tend this  article  to  too  great  a 
length,  since  almost  every  year 
furnished  some  new  proof  of  his 
laborious  exertions  in  the  cause  of 
pure  and  undefiled  religion ;  but 
his  "  Essay  on  the  Kingdom  of 
Christ,"  his  "  Pastoral  Cautions," 
and  his  "  Amen  to  Social  Prayer.'' 
may  be  specified  among  his  minor 
productions ;  and  they  are  all  of 
them  pieces  of  uncommon  excel 
lence.  But  his  "  Glad  Tidings  to 
perishing  Sinners  ;  or,  the  Genuine 
Gospel  a  complete  Warrant  for  the 
Ungodly  to  believe  in  Jesus  Christ," 
which  appeared  in  1796,  and  which 


was  followed  by  a  second  edition 
in  180P,  was  a  publication  of  great- 
er extent,  and  will  abundantly  re- 
compense the  cost  and  pains  of 
perusing  it.  His  last  publication 
was  a  discourse,  delivered  at  one 
of  the  monthly  meetings  of  the 
Baptist  churches  in  the  metropolis, 
entitled,  "  Divine  Justice  essential 
to  the  Divine  Character,"  with  a 
copious  appendix  ;  and  in  none  of 
his  writings  did  the  author  give 
more  solid  proofs  of  an  enlightened 
mind,  or  of  more  cogent  and  power- 
ful reasoning.  Mr.  Booth  died  on 
the  27th  of  January,  1806,  in  the 
seventy-second  year  of  his  age, 
deeply  regretted  by  all  who  knew 
him.  He  possessed  a  powerful  and 
vigorous  mind,  cultivated  by  in- 
tense study,  enlarged  and  expand- 
ed by  reading  and  reflection,  and 
enriched  by  a  copious  unction  from 
the  Spirit  of  all  grace.  He  was  a 
man  of  the  most  inflexible  integ- 
rity, great  sancity  of  manners,  and 
exhibited  to  all  around,  a  pattern 
of  the  Christian  minister.  His 
works  (excepting  those  on  baptism) 
were  published,  in  three  octavo 
volumes,  in  1813,  with  an  Essay 
on  his  Life  and  Writings. — Jones  s 
Chris.  Bios;. 

BROWN,  John,  an  English  au- 
thor of-A  Funeral  Sermon  on  Rom. 
viii.  28,  39,  8vo. — On  Baptism, 
Acts,  viii.  36,  38,  1784,  8vo.  Bib. 
Brit. 

BROWN,  John,  an  English 
stationer  and  bookseller,  lived 
about  the  close  of  the  16th  and 
commencement  of  the  17th  centu- 
ries, and  had  printed  for  him,  A 
True  Report  of  the  most  trium- 
phant and  Ryall  accomplishment 
of  the  Baptisme  of  the  most  excel- 
lent right  high  and  mighty  Prince 
Henry  Frederick,  by  the  Grace  of 


Bo 


CYCLOPAEDIA. 


Bo 


107 


God,  Prince  of  Wales,  as  it  was 
solemnized  August  30tli,  1594, 
Load,  without  date.  Bib  Brit. 
Not  less  than  a  dozen  more 
John  Browns  are  mentioned  by 
Robert  Watt,  as  authors,  in  his 
Bib.  Brit,  with  a  score  of  other 
Browns,  the  principal  of  whom  is 
John  Brown  of  Haddington,  au- 
thor of  the  Dictionary  of  the  Bible. 
He  mentions  as  among  his  numer- 
ous works — History  of  the  Seced- 
ers,  8th  ed.  1802. 

BROWN,  William,  pastor  of  a 
General  Baptist  Church,  Duke- 
street  Park,  Westminster,  England, 
successor  to  William  Marner,  who 
died  July  16,  1691,  and  preceded 
Mr.  Taylor,  who  was  pastor  in 
1807.  Mr.  Brown  was  certainly 
pastor  here  in  169S,  when  Captain 
Pierce  Johns  endowed  the  Baptist 
Churches  in  White's  Alley,  Glass- 
house-yard, Duke-street  Park,  Fair- 
street,  Goodman's  Fields, — Dun- 
ning's  Alley.  Wilson's  Hist.  Dis- 
sent. Churches,  vol.  4,  p.  180. 

BROWN,  Joseph,  — a  baptist 
minister,  born  at  Coventry,  Eng- 
land, June  1730  ;  died  May  21, 
1803.  He  was  a  student  of  Dr. 
Doddridge,  at  Northampton.  The 
Doctor  committed  to  his  care  the 
philosophical  apparatus,  and  so 
pleased  was  he  with  his  improve- 
ment and  parts  that  he  engaged 
Mr.  Brown  to  assist  him  in  his  lec- 
tures on  experimental  philosophy. 
For  every  thing  belonging  to  that 
department,  he  possessed  an  excel- 
lent genius,  and  his  love  of  the 
mechanic  arts  he  cherished  through- 
out life.  Having  finished  the  usual 
course  of-  education  at  Northamp- 
ton, seldom  less  than  five  years,  he 
embraced  the  doctrines  of  general 
redemption  and  of  baptism  by  im- 
mersion :    and  to   these   he  stead- 


lastly  adhered  to  the  latest  period 
of  his  life.  His  first  settlement 
was  at  Downton,  in  Wilts,  from 
whence  he  was  called  to  succeed 
Mr.  Fry,  at  Fair-street,  Horsley- 
down.  Here  he  and  his  church 
continued  but  a  short  period,  and 
after  several  removals,  finally  fixed 
at  Deptford.  Mr.  Brown  was 
many  years  secretary  to  the  Gene- 
ral Assembly  of  the  Baptists.  His 
last  discourse  at  Deptlbrd  was  from 
Luke  xxii.  15.  "  With  desire  I 
have  desired  to  eat  this  passover," 
&c.,  and  he  seemed  to  have  a  pre- 
sentment of  his  speedy  dissolution. 
Some  of  his  friends  then  present 
thought  it  his  farewell  sermon, 
and  so  it  proved.  His  illness  arose 
from  a  gradual  decay  of  nature  ; 
but  no  root  of  pain  either  preceded 
or  accompanied  his  dissolution.  A 
near  relation  who  lived  with  him 
for  years,  said,  he  scarcely  knew 
what  pain  was.  His  remains  were 
deposited  at  his  request  in  the 
burial  ground  adjoining  the  Gene- 
ral Baptist  Meeting-house,  •  in 
Church-street,  Deptford,  where  his 
funeral  Sermon  was  preached  by  Mr. 
Moore,  from  Rev.  xiv.  13.  Wilson's 
Hist.  Dissent.  Churches,  vol.  4,  pp. 
262-263. 

BROWN,  J.  Newton,  a  Baptist 
minister,  and  poet,  yet  living  and 
author  of,  Fessenden  and  Co.'s 
"  Encyclopedia  of  Religious  Know- 
ledge," Brattleboro,  Vermont,  1837, 
8vo.  p.  1275. 

BROWN,  Chad,  one  of  the 
original  members  of  the  first  Bap- 
tist church  at  Providence,  R.  L,  in 
1639,  and  Elder  of  this  church, 
jointly  with  William  AVickendeni 
in  1642 ;  he  died  1665,  and  the 
town  of  Providence  erected  a  mo- 
nument to  his  memory.  See  arti- 
cles followinsr. 


108 


Bo 


HAYNES'  BAPTIST 


Bo 


BROWN,  John,  Esq.,  was  a 
liberal  promoter  of  religion  and 
literature  in  the  town  of  Provi- 
dence, Rhode  Island.  He  was 
son  of  Rev.  Chad  Brown,  the  im- 
mediate successor  of  Roger  Wil- 
liams, as  pastor  of  the  Baptist 
church  at  Providence.  He  was 
M^arinly  attached  to  the  interests 
of  the  Baptist  Society,  and  laid  the 
foundation  stone  of  the  College,  in 
1769.  He  was  distinguished  for 
untiring  industry,  and  by  a  sound 
practical  j  udgment,  so  that  although 
he  was  engaged  in  many  enter- 
prises, he  seems  to  have  succeeded 


and  fair  proportions,  as  this  house 
in  Providence,  without  having 
given  much  attention  to  the  study 
of  architecture.  He  was  a  warm 
friend  of  the  College,  in  which  he 
held  the  office  of  Professor  of  Ex- 
perimental Philosophy.  As  a  citi- 
zen he  was  peculiarly  useful,  for 
such  was  his  knowledge  of  philo- 
sophy and  mechanics,  combined  as 
it  was  with  taste,  that  he  was  con- 
sulted about  almost  every  thing 
which  pertained  to  improvement 
in  the  arts.  He  died  in  December 
1785.  Mrs.  Ward,  of  Providence, 
and  Mrs.  Rogers,  youngest  daugh- 


in  all  he  undertook.     He  doubtless  ter  of  Dr.  Lane,   are   all   who  re- 
possessed much  of  a  public  spirit,  j  main    of    his    posterity.     Hague's 


which  he  evinced  in  his  eftbrts  for 
the  improvement  of  the  town.  In 
his  day.  Main-street  was  a  sandy 
and  disagreeable  walk ;  he  might 
be  seen  busily  engaged  in  the 
work  himself,  to  be  sure  that  it 
was  properly  done.  In  view  of  his 
great  success  as  a  merchant,  it  is 
gratifying  to  be  able  to  say  of  him 
that  "  his  liberality  kept  pace  with 
his  riches."  Hague's  Bap.  Church, 
Translated,  &c..  Appendix  p.  182- 
183 

BROWN,  Joseph,  LL.D.,  was 
long  an  active  member  of  the  Bap- 
tist Church  at  Providence.  He 
was  another  son  of  Rev.  Chad 
Brown.  Although  a  merchant,  he 
was  distinguished  as  a  lover  of 
science,  and  especially  for  his  at- 
tainments in  natural  philosophy. 
For  this,  his  genius  particularly 
disposed  him,  yet  he  seems  to  have 
been  equally  at  home  within  the 
realms  of  taste.  This  temple 
which  he  planned,  is  a  proof  to  us, 
that  he  must  have  been  devoted 
to,  at  least  one  of  the  fine  arts,  for 
no  one   could    have   succeeded   in 


Church  Transp.  Append,  p.   183— 
184. 

BROWN,  Nicholas,  Esq.,  was 
educated  to  business  from  his  early 
youth,  and  was  distinguished  lor 
the  exhibition  of  all  the  social  and 
mercantile  virtues  as  he  was  for 
his  success  in  commerce.  He 
was  a  brother  of  the  two  preceding, 
another  son  of  Chad  Brown. 
Though  "  diligent  in  business,"  his 
mind  and  heart  were  too  enlarged 
to  be  engrossed  by  that  alone  ;  he 
cherished  a  lively  interest  in  the 
welfare  of  his  country,  and  the 
progress  of  learning  and  religion. 
"  He  was  an  early,  persevering, 
and  zealous  patron  of  the  College, 
and  a  most  exemplary  member  of 
the  Baptist  Society.  The  language 
of  his  conduct  was  like  that  of  the 
patriarch  of  old,  "  as  for  me  and 
my  house,  we  will  serve  the  Lord." 
His  religious  zeal  was  the  effect  of 
a  rational  conviction  of  the  great 
truths  of  the  Christian  revelation  ; 
truths  which  had  been  his  study  for 
many  years,  and  in  which  his 
knowledge    was   deep   and   exteu' 


producing  a  structure  of  such  nice  |  sive.     His  awful  reverence  for  the 


Bo 


CYCLOPEDIA. 


Bo 


109 


Deity  impressed  ever}'  one  who 
heard  him  speak,  or  saw  him  write 
the  sacred  name  of  the  great  Crea- 
tor and  Governor  ol"  the  world. 
"  He  was  from  sentiment  a  lover 
ol"  mankind,  especially  of  good 
men.  He  was  not  ashamed  of  the 
gospel  of  Christ,  nor  of  the  poorest 
of  his  disciples.  His  manners  were 
plain  and  sincere.  He  was  a 
faithful  friend  and  a  good  compa- 
nion, and  combining  with  his  ex- 
cellent social  qualities  a  general 
knowledge  of  the  world,  of  books, 
and  of  men,  his  conversation  was 
always  pleasing  and  instructive. 
Being  generally  regarded  as  a  man 
of  piety,  and  always  expressing  his 
religious  sentiments  with  great  de- 
cision, it  seemed  remarkable  to 
many,  that  he  should  have  doubt- 
ed the  propriety  of  his  becoming  a 
member  of  the  Church.  A  high 
sense  of  the  dignity  of  the  Chris- 
tian profession,  connected  with  an 
humble  e.stimation  of  himself, 
seem  to  have  prevented  his  taking 
a  step  to  which  his  principles  and 
habits  would  naturally  and  con- 
stantly have  led  him.  He  died  on 
Sunday,  29th  of  May,  1791.  Rev. 
Dr.  Stillman  preached  his  funeral 
sermon  Tuesday,  at  the  church 
whither  his  remains  were  convey- 
ed. A  numerous  train  of  relatives 
and  friends  followed  him  to  the 
grave,  in  the  north  burying  place, 
for  it  was  justly  said  of  him,  that 
"  as  in  his  life,  he  was  universally 
esteemed,  so  at  his  death  he  was 
universally  lamented."  Mr.  Brown 
had  followed  six  childen  to  the 
tomb,  one  of  whom,  Moses  Brown, 
died  at  the  age  of  16,  just  after  he 
had  graduated  at  the  College,  and 
had  awakened  the  warmest  hopes 
respecting  his  future  character  and 
life.    '■  We  are  happy  to  say  at  this 


day,"  says  Mr.  Hague  in  1839, 
"  that  two  children  yet  survive  him, 
Nicholas  Brown  and  Mrs.  Hope 
Ives,  widow  of  Thomas  P.  Ives, 
Esq."  Hague's  Church  Transplant- 
ed, Appendix  p.  184— 18-5. 

BOTSACCUS,  J.  is  mentioned 
by  Benedict,  p.  926,  from  Dr.  Sears, 
of  Newton,  as  a  writer  against  the 
Anabaptists  in  a.d.  1651;  but  what 
he  wrote  or  the  title  of  liis  book  is 
not  given.  This  may  be  given  in 
our  chronlogical  arrangement  of 
authors  and  books. 

BONTEMPS,  J.  is  another  au- 
thor mentioned  in  the  same  way 
by  Benedict,  upon  the  authority  of 
Dr.  Sears,  as  a  writer  against  the 
Anabaptists,  without  affixing  the 
date.  Ben.  p.  926.  See  Baptist 
Cyclopaedia,  p.  48,  in  Art.  Bayle, 
and  Bayle's  Die.  vol.  1,  p.  288. 

BOIS,  John  Baptist,  an  eminent 
French  writer  and  critic, born  1670 ; 
died  1742.  Bib.  Brit.  This  is  pro- 
bably the  author  named  by  Bene- 
dict from  Dr.  Sears,  as  a  writer 
against  Anabaptists,  1799,  the 
work  being  a  reprint  of  an  earlier 
edition.     Ben.  p.  92. 

BLOOD,  Rev.  Caleb,  author  of 
A  Dialogue  between  a  Baptist  and 
Pa?dobaptist,  on  Abraham's  Cove- 
nant, the  Olive-tree,  &c.  By  Rev. 
Caleb  Blood,  Bo.ston,  ISlo,  a  Bap- 
tist.    Ben.  p.  218. 

BROOKS,  Rev.  Charles,  a  Bap- 
tist author  of — A  Reply  to  Rev. 
Elisha  Andrew's  Strictures  in  his 
essay  in  favor  of  Christian  Com- 
nuinion.  By  Rev.  Charles  Brooks, 
Windsor, Vermont,  8vo,  pp.  59, 1823. 
Ben.  p.  218. 

BRONSON,  Rev.  A.,  a  Baptist 
author  of — Christian  Baptism:  An 
Examination  of  the  Rev.  Mr.  Fow- 
ler's lectures  on  the  mode  and  sub- 
jects   of    Baptism.      By   Rev.    A. 


110 


Bo 


HAYNES'  BAPTIST 


Bu 


Bronson,  Providence,  R.  I.,  pp.  228, 
1835.     Ben.  p.  223. 

BllOADDUS,  Rev.  William  F., 
a  Baptist  author  of  Letters  to  Mr. 
Slicer,  a  Methodist  Minister,  in  re- 
ply to  his  appeal  on  Christian  Bap- 
tism. By  Rev.  William  F.  Broad- 
dus,  Washington,  D.  C,  8vo,  pp. 
123.  1836.     Ben.  p.  224. 

BOSTWICK,Rev.  DAViD,a  Pa3- 
dobaptist  author  of  A  Fair  and  ra- 
tional vindication  of  tlie  rights  of 
infants  to  the  ordinance  of  baptism, 
about  1764.  New- York.  A  pos- 
thumous publication.    Ben.  p.  276. 

BOSTON,  Thos.,  born  at  Dunse, 
Scotland,  1676;  died  1732.  He 
was  a  popular  and  learned  Pajdo- 
baptist  divine  and  author  of  many 
valuable  works.  He  is  quoted  be- 
low : 

"  It  is  plain  that  he  (Peter,  in 
Acts,  ii.  38,)  requires  their  repen- 
tance antecedently  to  baptism,  as 
necessary  to  qualify  them  for  the 
right  and  due  reception  thereof 
And  there  is  no  example  of  baptism 
recorded  in  the  Scriptures,  where 
any  were  baptized,  but  such  as  ap- 
peared to  have  a  saving  interest  in 
Christ.  Works, p.  384.  Booth, p.  171. 

"  The  Sacraments  are  not  con- 
verting, but  confirming  ordinances ; 
they  are  appointed  for  the  use  and 
benefit  of  God's  children,  not  of 
others ;  they  are  given  to  believers, 
as  believers,  as  Rutherford  express- 
eth  it,  so  that  none  others  are  capa- 
ble of  the  same  before  the  Lord. 
Ursin,  upon  that  question,  ivho 
ought  to  come  to  the  supper  ?  tells 
us,  the  Sacraments  are  appointed  for 
the  faithful  and  converted  only,  to 
seal  the  promise  of  the  Gospel  to 
them,  and  confirm  their  faitli." 
Works,  vol.  1,  part  2,  p.  200.  Booth, 
p.  184.  With  the  exception  of 
sealing  this  is  Baptist  doctrine. 


BOWLER,  Charles,  one  of  a 
succession  of  pastors  of  the  Baptist 
Church,  Devonshire-square,  Lon- 
don, who  was  pastor  from  1722  to 
perhaps  1726.  See  Art.  Devon- 
shire-square, in  our  Gazetteer. 

BLOCK,  J.  a  Baptist  martyr  in 
1572.  All  his  property,  which  was 
considerable,  was  confiscated,  and 
he  burnt  to  death  by  the  Roman 
Catholics.  To  an  alderman  who 
visited  him  while  in  prison  to  con- 
vert himto  popery,  he  replied :  "You 
ought  to  have  converted  me  in 
former  times  when  we  went  toge- 
ther in  ainuseinentand  dissipation." 
Some  of  the  Lords  who  condemned 
him  to  the  stake  wept  at  his  exe- 
cution. Martyr's  Mirror,  p.  810. 
Ben.  p.  109. 

BULLINGER,  Henry,  a  Swiss 
reformer,  born  near  Zurich,  Switz- 
erland, in  the  village  of  Bremgar- 
ten,  1504  ;  died  1577.  It  would 
require  more  than  two  pages  of  this 
work  to  enumerate  the  titles  of  his 
various  publications,  the  earliest  of 
which  is  dated  1532.  His  second 
work  was  entitled.  Contra  Omnia 
Cfttabaptistarum  parva  dogmata,  li- 
bri,  iv.  Zig.  1532,  8vo.  This  was 
levelled  against  the  Anabaptists 
whom  Bullinger  styled  "  Donatists 
new  dipt."  He  was  among  the 
earliest,  if  he  were  not  the  very 
first  Psedobaptist  writer  who  ap- 
plied to  the  Anabaptists  the  cog- 
nomen "  Baptists,"  as  he  generally 
does  in  most  of  his  writings  con- 
cerning them.  The  name  Baptist 
was  therefore  in  use  during  the 
lifetimes  of  Luther,  Calvin,  Bucer, 
Beza,  Henry  the  8th  of  England, 
Menno,  and  Arminius  and  their 
cotemporaries,  as  may  be  proved 
by  reference  to  BuUinger's  works. 
The  name  Baptist  is  therefore  as 
old  as  the  Protestant  Reformation, 


rXuhti^nMLvA    ff/A'ajSauS^^.y. 


Btj 


CYCLOPAEDIA. 


Bu 


111 


if  it  be  no  older, — nay,  had  it  not 
been  used  by  the  Evangelists.  We 
give  the  title  of  the  following 
other  works  which  it  were  well  for 
Baptists  to  collect  and  preserve  al- 
though inveighing  against  them : — 
Ab.solvata  de  Christi  Domini  et 
Catholicse  eins  Ecclesiae  Sacra- 
mentis  Tractatio.  Loud.  1551. 
16mo.  Three  Dialogues  between 
the  seditious  Libertine,  or  rebel: 
Anabaptist,  and  the  true  obedient 
Christian,  1551,  8vo.  An  Halsome 
Antidotus,  or  counter  poyson 
against  the  pestilent  heresye  and 
sect  of  Ajiabaptists ;  newljr  trans- 
lated by  John  Yesin.  Lond.  1554, 
8vo.  Ad  vers  us  Anabaptistas  libb. 
ii.  e  Germanico  versi  per  Josiam 
Simlerum.  Zig.  1560,  Svo.  A 
most  sure  and  strong  Defence  of 
the  Baptism  of  Children  against  j 
the  Anabaptists;  in  English  by  J. 
Vernon.  Lond.  Svo.  Some  other! 
of  his  works  contain  also  allusions 
to  Anabaptists  and  the  Sacraments. ' 
Bibliothera  Britaiiiiica,  alao  Bene- 
dict, p.  264,  which  he  credits  on  p.  ^ 
265  to  the  author  of  the  Baptist 
Cyclopfpdia,  and  indeed  all  of  his' 
authors  noticed  in  his  work  which 
are  mentioned  in  Watt's  Bibliothe- 
ca  Britannica  are  entitled  chiefly 
to  be  credited  to  the  same  source,' 
as  Mr.  Benedict's  attention  was,  it' 
is  certain,  first  directed  to  the  Bib- 
liotheca  Britannica  by  the  author  | 
of  the  Baptist  Cyclopa3dia  in  lieu 
of  furnishing  himself  the  matter  for 
Mr.  Benedict  therein  deposited, 
but  Mr.  Benedict's  labors  and  re- ' 
searches  added  to  the  materials, 
made  them  his  own,  and  entitle 
him  fully  to  the  claim  of  originality. ' 
It  is  however  only  just  and  fair, 
that  without  trespass  we  in  turn 
be  allowed  to  use  his  store  of  mate- 
rials, giving  credit. 


BURGESS,  Cornelius,  a  Non- 
conformist clergyman  ;  died  1665- 
Among  his  works  was  one  entitled 
Baptismal  Regeneration  of  Elect 
Inlants.  Oxf  1629,  4to.  Bih. 
Brit. 

BURROUGHS,  Joseph,  an  Eng- 
lish  Baptist  divine,  author  of — 1. 
Thanksgiving  for  victory  ;  a  Ser- 
mon on  Ps.  xxxvii.  7.  1713,  4to. 
2.  Total  Eclipse  of  the  Sun,  on 
Jerem.  x.  2.  1715,  Svo.  3.  Ser- 
mon on  1.  Tim.  iii.  13.  1730,  Svo. 
4.  Against  Popery  ;  a  Sermon  on 
John,  XX.  21,  23.  1735,  Svo.  5. 
View  of  Popery.  Lond.  1735,  Svo. 
6.  Sermon  on  New  Year's  day, 
1737.  7.  Sermons,  1741,  Svo.  8. 
Two  discourses  on  private  institu- 
tions ;  concerning  Baptism,  &c., 
Lond.  1742,  Svo.  9.  Funeral  of 
Rev.  Mr.  Weatherley  ;  a  Sermon 
on  1.  Cor.  XX.  57.  1752,  Svo.  10. 
Funeral  of  Rev.  Mr.  Isaac  Himber, 

1754.  11.  Funeral  of  Rev.  Mr. 
M'Morris,     1.    Thess.    iv.    13,    18. 

1755,  Svo.  12.  Life  of  Joseph 
Burroughs.  Watt  in  his  Bibliothe- 
ca  Britannica  does  not  indicate 
whether  this  last  work  was  an 
autobiography,  or  written  by  ano- 
ther after  his  decease.  Mr.  Bur- 
roughs was  one  of  that  noble  suc- 
cession of  pastors  of  the  General 
Baptist  Church  in  Paul's  Alley, 
London — Gosnold,  Plant,  Steanett, 
Pitman,  Allen,  Foxwell,  Gale,  Bur- 
roughs, Kimber,  Fo.ster,  Burroughs 
(James,)  Webb,  and  Noble,  &c. 
Of  each  of  whom  a  biography  will 
be  found  in  this  Cyclopaedia  in 
their  respective  alphabetical  places. 
We  copy  from  Walter  Wilson,  who 
says  :  "  Joseph  Burroughs  was  a 
learned  and  respectable  Antipie- 
dobaptist  (Baptist)  divine  iu  the 
last  century,  was  born  in  London, 
on  1st  of  January,  1684—5.     His 


112 


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HAYNES'  BAPTIST 


Bu 


father,  Mr.  Humphrey  Burroughs, 
was  a  respectable  weaver  in  Spital- 
fields,  and  by  the  smiles  of  Provi- 
dence upon  his  industry,  arrived 
at  considerable  affluence.  He  was 
many  years  a  member  and  deacon 
of  the  Baptist  Church  in  Virginia- 
street,  and  afterwards  sustained  the 
same  office,  in  the  General  Baptist 
Society,  Paul's  Alley,  Barbican. 
This  gentleman  narrowly  escaped 
being  ruined  in  his  circumstances 
by  the  infamous  Titus  Oates ;  and 
his  deliverance  was  annually  com- 
memorated in  a  day  of  thanksgiv- 
ing, by  his  descendants.  A  very 
particular  account  of  the  transac- 
tion here  referred  to,  may  be  seen 
in  Crosby's  History  of  the  English 
Baptists,  vol.  3,  p.  170-180.  His 
son,  Mr.  Joseph  Burroughs,  was 
early  inclined  to  the  work  of  the 
ministry,  which  was  a  proof  of  the 
seriousness  of  his  disposition  ;  as 
his  circumstances  were  such  as  en- 
abled him  to  pursue  a  more  lucra- 
tive profession.  With  a  view  to 
this  sacred  employment,  his  father 
gave  him  a  very  liberal  education, 
first  in  a  private  academy  at  High- 
gate,  under  Dr.  Ker,  and  afterwards 
at  Leyden.  In  that  university  he 
made  such  progress  in  many  dif- 
ferent branches  of  knowledge,  es- 
pecially such  as  had  any  real  con- 
nexion with  the  ministerial  profes- 
sion, that  he  became  entitled  to 
great  distinction  in  the  literary 
world.  After  a  few  years  occa- 
sional preaching,  he  was  invited 
in  May,  1713,  to  the  co-pastorship 
with  the  Rev.  Richard  Allen,  pas- 
tor of  the  General  Baptist  Church 
in  Paul's  Alley,  Barbican.  This 
offer  his  modesty  induced  him  to 
decline ;  he,  however,  continued 
his  occasional  labors  in  that  church, 
till  the  death  of  Mr.  Allen,  when 


he  was  chosen  to  succeed  him  in 
the  pastoral  charge,  to  which  he 
was  ordained  May  1,  1717.  The 
service  was  conducted  in  the  fol- 
lowing manner  :  Mr.  Nathaniel 
Foxwell  opened  the  work  of  the 
day,  by  reading  1  Timothy,  chap. 
3  and  4,  and  then  prayed  ;  Mr. 
Benjamin  Stinton  explained  the 
duties  and  office  of  an  elder,  in  a 
discourse  from  Phil.  i.  1.  The 
form  of  ordination  was  then  ex- 
plained and  vindicated,  in  another 
discourse  from  Titus  i.  5,  by  Mr. 
Nathaniel  Hodges.  After  this, 
the  members  of  the  congregration 
being  desired  to  assemble  around 
the  pulpit  pew,  and  the  rest  of  the 
assembly  to  withdraw  into  the 
galleries,  Mr.  Stinton,  in  a  short 
address  to  the  church,  called  upon 
those  who  approved  the  election  of 
Mr.  Burroughs  to  the  pastoral  of- 
fice, to  signify  then-  concurrence,  by 
holding  up  their  hands,  which  was 
done  nem.  diss.  Mr.  Burroughs  was 
then  desired  by  him  to  signify  his 
acceptance  of  the  call,  which  he  did, 
in  a  short  speech,  expressing  the 
views  with  which  he  had  under- 
taken the  ministry,  as  well  as  the 
office  of  pastor  in  that  church  ;  de- 
claring at  the  same  time,  his  firm 
resolution  to  make  the  holy  scrip- 
tures the  only  rule  of  his  preaching 
and  conduct,  and  his  determination 
to  watch  for  their  souls,  as  one 
who  must  hereafter  give  an  account. 
A  short  prayer  was  then  offered  up 
suited  to  the  occasion ;  and  the 
ministers  present  laying  their  hands 
upon  his  head,  Mr.  Stinton  in  the 
name  of  the  whole,  pronounced  the 
words  of  ordination  as  follows  : — 
"  Brother  Joseph  Burroughs,  we  do, 
in  the  name  of  our  Lord  Jesus 
Christ,  and  with  the  consent  of  this 
church,  ordain  thee  to  be  an  elder, 


Bu 


CYCLOPEDIA. 


Bu 


113 


bishop,  or  overseer  of  this  church 
of  Jesus  Christ."  And  their  hands 
continuing  ou  his  head,  Mr.  Stiu- 
ton  offered  up  a  short  prayer  for 
him  and  the  congregation.  Imnie- 
diatel}^  after  the  ordination  of  Mr. 
Burroughs,  the  ministers  present 
proceeded  to  the  ordination  of  two 
deacons  in  a  simihir  manner.  Mr. 
Stinton  proposed  and  accepted,  the 
recognition  of  their  call  to  the  of- 
fice, and  their  acceptance  of  it;  Mr. 
Mulliner  put  up  a  suitable  prayer, 
which  was  accompanied  by  impo- 
sition of  hands  ;  he  then  went  into 
the  pulpit  and  treated  of  the  duties 
which  a  Christian  church  owe  to 
their  officers,  both  elders  and  dea- 
cons, in  a  discourse  on  1.  Thess.  v. 
12,  13,  after  which  he  prayed  ;  a 
psalm  was  sung,  and  the  assembly 
dismissed  with  one  of  the  aposto- 
lical benedictions. 

After  this  ordination,  Mr.  Bur- 
roughs applied  hinaself  to  the  duties 
of  the  pastoral  office  with  great  as- 
siduity, and  in  the  early  part  of 
his  life  kept  up  a  strict  discipline 
in  his  church.  He  delighted  in  the 
work,  and  discharged  it  in  such  a 
manner  as  might  be  expected  from 
one  who  made  it  his  chief  pleasure. 
Careful  to  inform  himself  of  the 
true  sense  of  sacred  Scriptures,  he 
explained  them  in  his  public  min- 
istrations with  the  greatest  accu- 
racy;  for  he  justly  thought  that 
every  thing  was  of  importance  that 
tended  to  illustrate  any  part  of  the 
divine  oracles.  He  was  a  steady 
friend  to  liberty  and  free  inquiry. 
His  zeal  was  not  spent  upon  spec- 
ulative notions,  but  upon  such 
points  as  are  the  most  efficacious 
to  rectify  the  hearts  and  lives  of 
mankind.  The  practical  duties  of 
piety,  charity,  and  inward  purity, 
was  liis  favorite  subjects.    He  was 


a  zealous  advocate  for  the  impor- 
tance of  the  Christian  revelation, 
which  he  justly  considered  the 
highest  blessing  tliat  the  providence 
of  God  has  ever  conferred  upon  the 
human  race.  And  he  thought  it 
incumbent  upon  Christians,  to  ex- 
ert all  their  power  in  maintaining 
the  purity  of  the  Gospel  institu- 
tions. As  no  particular  terms  of 
church  communion  are  prescribed 
in  the  New  Testament,  he  con- 
cluded that  every  church  must  be 
at  liberty  to  fix  those  terms,  which 
it  may  judge  to  be  conducive  to 
the  main  end  and  design  of  the 
gospel,  provided  no  attempt  was 
made  to  impose  it  upon  others.  And 
while  he  apprehended  that  churches 
formed  upon  the  principle  of  the 
Baptists,  should  admit  none  to 
their  communion  but  those  who 
had  been  baptized  at  years  of  ma- 
turity, it  was  apparent  from  the 
whole  of  his  conduct,  that  this  did 
not  arise  from  any  narrow  and 
contracted  notions,  or  party  attach- 
ments ;  for  he  always  showed  an 
equal  regard  for  all  sincere  Chris- 
tians of  whatever  sect  or  denomi- 
nation. 

He  was  a  very  strenuous  pro- 
moter of  every  scheme  that  tended 
to  advance  the  common  interests 
of  religion  ;  but  the  Baptist 
Churches  were  in  a  very  particular 
manner  indebted  to  his  exertions. 
Whenever  he  was  called  to  baptize 
any  persons,  it  gave  him  real  plea- 
sure, even  though  they  did  not 
propose  to  join  themselves  to  his 
particular  Society.  He  had  many 
agreeable  occasions  of  this  nature, 
of  w^iich  we  shall  mention  one 
that  gave  him  particular  satisfac- 
tion. A  French  Roman  Catholic, 
and  his  wife,  who  being  convinced 
of  the  errors  of  Popery,   had   with 


114 


Bu 


HAYNES'  BAPTIST 


Bu 


great  difficulty,  made  their  escape, 
on  their  arrival  upon  the  English 
coast,  joined  themselves  to  a  church 
of  French  Protestant  refugees. 
Upon  further  inquiry,  they  were 
led  to  embrace  sentiments  different 
irom  those  v^hich  they  had  before 
held  concerning  baptism,  and  to 
entertain  serious  desires  of  follow- 
ing their  conviction  into  practice  ; 
but  being  wholly  unacquainted 
with  the  English  language,  and 
no  Baptist  minister  in  that  part  of 
the  country  being  able  to  adminis- 
ter baptism  in  the  French  tongue, 
they  were  at  a  loss  how  to  proceed. 
Mr.  Burroughs  being  applied  to  on 
the  occasion,  readily  undertook 
two  considerable  journies,  at  his 
own  expense ;  and  during  a  stay 
of  two  or  three  weeks  in  their 
neighborhood,  he  did  not  fail  to 
take  some  opportunity  for  religious 
conversation  with  them  every  day. 
At  his  second  visit,  he  composed 
a  discourse  sviitable  to  the  occasion 
iu  French,  and  administered  the 
ordinance  much  to  the  satisfaction 
of  these  worthy  persons.  Another 
visit  had  probably  made  them  Bap- 
tists, and  Mr.  Burroughs  had  then 
acted  more  discreetly  in  baptizing 
them  and  receiving  them  into  a 
Baptist  Church. 

Mr.  Burroughs  had  been  for 
many  years  afflicted  with  various 
bodily  indispositions  ;  but  he  per- 
severed in  the  ministerial  work  till 
liis  strength  entirely  forsook  him. 
In  October,  1757,  he  signified  his 
desire  of  resigning  the  pastoral 
care  of  the  church  at  Barbican,  the 
ill  state  of  his  health  rendering 
him  incapable  of  performing  the 
stated  service  any  longer.  His 
people,  however,  as  a  testimony  of 
their  respect,  desired  him  to  retain 
his  pastoral  relation  and  they  would 


choose  him  an  assistant.  Mr. 
Francis  Webb  was  accordingly 
chosen  to  this  service,  and  in  a  lit- 
tle time  ordained  co-pastor.  With 
this  assistant  he  persevered  a  short 
time  longer,  but  was  at  length  to- 
tally incapable  for  public  work. 

In  the  close  of  his  life  his  humi- 
lity was  very  exemplary.  He 
charged  himself  with  many  defects, 
and  referred  himself  entirely  to  the 
mercy  of  God,  only  praying  that 
Grod  would  enable  him  to  finish 
well.  His  devotion  was  very  fer- 
vent. He  often  repeated  with  pe- 
culiar emphasis,  but  under  great 
pain  of  body,  those  words  of  the 
Psalmist,  "  I  will  love  the  Lord 
with  all  my  strength,"  adding  some 
short  remarks  upon  the  vanity  and 
insufficiency  of  man,  and  upon  his 
experience  of  the  goodness  of  God. 
At  last  being  worn  out  with  infir- 
mities, after  some  hard  struggles, 
he  expired  in  a  manner  uncom- 
monly gentle  and  easy,  on  the 
23rd  of  November,  1761,  in  the 
77tli  year  of  his  age.  His  funeral 
sermon  was  preached  and  printed 
by  Mr.  Daniel  Noble,  on  1.  Pet.  i. 
22,  25,  a  text  chosen  by  the  de- 
ceased, who  desired  that  little 
should  be  said  concerning  his  per- 
sonal character  and  conduct.  But 
Mr.  Noble  had  such  a  sense  of  his 
worth,  that  he  could  not  under- 
take the  service,  without  claiming 
a  liberty  to  make  mention  of  some 
of  his  virtues. 

It  is  well  known  that  Mr.  Bur- 
roughs classed  with  that  denomi- 
nation of  Baptists  called  General, 
from  their  holding  general  redemp- 
tion, and  other  tenets  of  Arminius. 
Upon  some  other  topics  of  religious 
inquiry,  it  is  probable  that  his  sen- 
timents in  the  latter  part  of  his 
life    were    somewhat    different   to 


Bn 


CYCLOPEDIA. 


Bu 


115 


what  they  were  whea  he  set  out 
in  the  ministry.    We  refer  particu- 
larly to  the  doctrine  of  the  Trinity 
and    tiie   person    of  Christ,    upon 
which    subjects    he    is     generally 
thought  to  have  taken  the  Socinian 
side.     It  is  but  justice,   however, 
to  observe,  that  in  one  part  of  his 
life,  at  least,  he  seems  to  have  held 
the  doctrine  of  an  Atonement.     In 
support  of  this  we  refer  to  his  ser- 
mon  on    "•  Auricular    Confession," 
among  those  at  Salter's  Hall  against 
Popery.      His    words    are    these : 
"  Come  unto  me  all  ye  that  labour 
and  are  heavy  laden,   and  I  will 
give  you   rest :  Him  that  cometh 
to  me  I  will  in  no  wise  cast  out." 
You   want   no   other   mediator   to 
appear  before  God  in  your  behalf; 
no  priest  to  make  or  repeat   that 
atonement,  which,  he,  himself  has 
completely  made  already.     "  He  is 
able  to  save  to  the  uttermost  all 
that  come  unto  God  by  him  ;  see- 
ing he  ever  liveth  to  make  inter- 
cession for  them."    Mr.  Noble  sums 
up  the  character  of  Mr.  Burroughs 
in   these    words :    "  The   integrity 
and  purity  of  his  heart  were  con- 
spicuous in  every  part  of  his  life. 
He  manifested  the  most  habitual 
regard   to  the  great  objects    of  a 
future  world.     He    was    earnestly  | 
desirous  of  doing  good  to  all  men. 
He  was  very  zealous  for  the  hon- 
our of  God.  and  of  the  blessed  Re- 
deemer.    He  was  unwearied  in  his 
endeavours  to  recommend  and  en- 
force the  doctrines  and  precepts  of 
rational  and  genume  religion.    And 
the  general  course  of  his  life  was 
so  regularly  and   uniformly  virtu- 
ous, as  to  render  him  an  honour  to 
his  profession.     It  may  be  also  ob- 
served,   that   Mr.    Burroughs    was 
one  of  the  non-subscribing  minis- 
ters at  the  Salter's  Hall  Synod,  in 


1719.  He  left  a  son  of  the  same 
name,  who  died  at  Kingsland,  in 
the  year  1799,  at  the  advanced 
age  of  eighty-six.  Thus  far  Wil- 
son's Hist.  Dissenting  Churches, 
vol.  3,  pp.  249-250.  He  adduces 
his  authorities  for  ail  that  he  has 
written  concerning  Mr.  Burroughs, 
except  for  his  intimation  of 
his  Socinian  tendencies  at  one 
period,  which  notion  seems  utterly 
irreconcileable  with  the  whole 
tenor  of  his  narrative  and  of  Mr. 
Burroughs'  character,  as  sketched 
by  him.  On  review  we  find  that 
the  list  of  Mr.  Burroughs'  Avorks, 
with  which  this  article  was  introduc- 
ed, is  incomplete,  and  whatever 
little  repetition  is  involved  will  be 
compensated  by  the  perfection  of 
the  catalogue  which  is  here  added 
from  Wilson,  as  follows  :  Works — 
Mr.  Burroughs  printed  a  volume 
of  Sermons,  several  Tracts,  and  a 
number  of  single  Sermons,  chiefly 
on  public  occasions.  Their  subjects 
are  as  follow:  Sermons.  1.  Thanks- 
giving on  Nov.  5,  1712.  Ps.  xxxvi. 
7.  2.  On  a  total  eclipse  of  the 
Sun,  April  22d,  1715.  Jer.  x.  2. 
3.  On  the  death  of  Rev.  John 
Gale  ;  preached  at  Barbican,  Dec. 
24,  1721.  2.  Tim.  iv.  7,  8.  4.  At 
an  ordination  of  deacons,  July  15, 

1730.  1.  Tim.  iii.  13.  5.  To  the 
Society  of  Reformation  of  manners, 

1731.  Prov.  xiv.  34.  6.  Two 
Sermons ;  one  against  the  tradi- 
tions of  the  Church  of  Rome  ;  the 
other  about  the  right  manner  of 
contending  for  the  Christian  faith, 
at  Barbican,  Oct.  15,  and  22,  1732, 
on  occasion  of  collecting  lor  the 
persecuted  Protestants,  at  Salts- 
bury.  Jude  3.  7.  On  the  Popish 
doctrine  of  the  auricular  confession, 
and  priestly  absolution,  at  Salter's 
Hall,  March  13,  1734.      John  xx. 


116 


Bu 


HAYNKS'  BAPTIST 


Bu 


21,  23.  7.  The  Sinfulness  of  neg- 
lecting acknowledged  duties,  on 
Jan.  1,  1737,  in  White's  Alley. 
James  iv.  17.  9.  The  blessedness 
of  a  benevolent  temper,  at  the  Old 
Jewry,  March  2,  1742,  to  the  So- 
ciety of  relief  of  the  Widows  and 
Orphans  of  Protestant  Dissenting 
Ministers.  Acts  xx.  35.  10.  On 
the  death  of  Rev.  John  Weatherly, 
at  Pinner's  Hall,  May  31,  1742.  'l 
Cor.  XX.  57.  11.  The  duty  and 
reward  of  a  Christian  pastor,  at 
Pinner's  Hall,  March  22,  1753,  at 
the  ordination  of  the  Rev.  Richard 
Baron.  1.  Pet.  v.  1,  4.  12.  Stead- 
fastness in  the  service  of  Christ, 
on  the  death  of  the  Rev. 
Isaac  Kimber,  Feb.  9,  1755.  1 
Cor.  xvi.  58.  13.  On  the  death 
of  Rev.  Joseph  Morris,  at  Glass- 
house yard,  July  20,  1755.  1. 
Thess.  iv.  13,  18.  Besides  these 
he  published  in  1741,  a  volume  of 
Sermons,  14  in  number,  and  on 
various  subjects.  To  these  is  an- 
nexed a  Latin  discourse  on  the 
holiness  of  places,  from  Isaiah  Ixvi. 
1,  3,  delivered  at  the  annual  meet- 
ing of  the  dissenting  ministers,  at 
Dr.  Williams'  Library,  Red  Cross- 
street,  1734.  In  this  library  there 
is  a  fine  painting  of  Mr.  Burroughs. 
He  also  edited  a  volume  of  Ser- 
mons, by  his  brother,  who  died 
young.  Tracts  :  1.  A  View  of 
Popery,  taken  from  the  creed  of 
Pius  IV.,  containing  an  answer  to 
the  most  material  things  in  the 
profession  of  the  Catholic  faith,  &c. 
now  in  use  for  the  reception  of 
converts  into  the  Church  of  Rome. 
1735.  Second  edition,  1737.  2. 
The  Discourses  relative  to  positive 
Institutions  :  1.  Christ's  judgment 
concerning  the  fitness  of  obeying 
every  divine  command.  Matt.  iii. 
13,    15.       2.     Baptism     designed 


for  all  those  in  every  age,  who 
profess  Christianity ;  and  not  con- 
fined to  the  Converts  only.  Acts 
xxii.  16.  1742.  Mr.  (afterwards 
Dr.)  Caleb  Fleming,  animadverted 
on  this  piece,  in  a.  pamphlet  enti- 
tled, "  An  appendix  to  the  plea  for 
Infants."  Mr.  Burroughs  replied 
to  this  tract  in — 3.  A  Defence  to 
two  discourses  relative  to  positive 
institutions,  against  the  reflections 
contained  in  the  appendix  to  the 
plea  for  infants.  1743  4.  Day 
Thoughts,  a  Poem,  in  blank  verse  ; 
written  by  way  of  animadversion 
upon  some  gloomy  passages  in  Dr. 
Young's  Night  Thoughts,  the 
earlier  parts.  The  most  captious 
objector  to  the  illiterateness  of  the 
Baptists,  will  find  on  pursuing  the 
inquiry  that  the  catalogue  of  their 
writings  by  names  of  authors  and 
titles  is  almost  endless. 

BUCtENHAGIUS,  or  BUGEN- 
HAGEN,  John,  one  of  the  Ger- 
man Reformers,  called  from  his 
native  country,  Pomeranus  ;  born 
1485;  died  1558.  He  wrote  among 
other  works  a  History  of  Pomer- 
ania  and  Psalmus  xxix.  explicatus, 
item  de  Psedobaptismo,  contra  Ana- 
baptistas.  Hafniae.  1632,  8vo.  He 
aided  Luther  in  translating  the 
Bible  into  German.  In  this  place, 
perhaps,  as  well  as  under  any 
other  article,  it  might  not  be  inap- 
propriate to  say,  that  if  to  Psedobap- 
tists.  Baptists  are  indebted  for  the 
na7ne  Baptist,  so  also,  if  the  terms 
Pcedobaptism  and  Padobaptist  be, 
in  this  age,  regarded  by  some  of 
them  invidious  as  applied  by  Bap- 
tists to  those  who  baptize  orrhantize 
infants,  that  Roman  Catholic  and 
Protestant  writers  first  used  those 
terms  themselves,  not  certainly  in 
an  opprobrious  sense,  but  for  the 
sake  of  distinction  ;  and  probably 


Bn 


CYCLOPEDIA. 


Bi- 


ll? 


the  tracing  of  the  history  of  these 
terms  in  the  writings  of  the  so 
called  Protestant  and  Catholic  Fa- 
thers might  tend  to  reflect  some 
light  upon  the  date  of  the  origin 
and  the  steps  of  the  progress  of  this 
innoA-ation  upon  apostolic  lan- 
guage and  practice.  The  very 
use  of  the  terms  seems  to  imply 
the  denial  by  some  others  of  the 
prefix  pcedo  to  baptism.  What 
a  strong  proof  to  their  cause  woukl 
it  fnrnish  could  they  trace  this 
compound  term  to  the  New  Testa- 
ment ?  But  it  is  not  there,  so  nei- 
ther is  the  thing  which  it  signifies. 
See  Bib.  Brit,  for  this  author. 

BUllKETT,  William,  a  cele-1 
brated  commentator  on  the  New! 
Testament,  was  born  in  Northamp- 
ton, England,  1650;  died  1703. 
Among  other  works  he  wrote.  Dis- 
course of  Infant  Baptism.  Lond. 
1695,  8vo.  This  author  is  quoted 
as  follows  : — 

"  We  are  buried  with  him  by 
baptism  into  death.  The  Apostle 
alludes,  no  doubt,  to  the  ancient 
manner  and  ivay  of  baptizing  per- 
sons in  those  hot  count^-ies,  which 
was  by  immersion  or  putting  them ' 
under  water  for  a  time :  and  then 
raising  them  again  out  of  the 
water  ;  which  rite  had  also  a  mys- 
tical signification,  representing  the 
burial  of  our  old  man,  sin  in  us, 
and  our  resurrection  to  newness  of 
life."  Expos.  Abates,  on  Rom.  vi. 
4.  Booth  in  Paedobaptism  Ex- 
amined, p.  51. 

"  The  Israelites  are  here  said  to 
be  BAPTIZED  in  the  cloud,  and  in  the 
sea  :  that  is,  the  cloud  which  over- 
shadowed them  ;  and  the  Red  Sea 
through  which  they  passed,  had 
its  waters  gathered  into  two  heaps, 
one  on  the  right  hand  and  the 
other  on  the  left,  betwixt  which 


the  Israelites  passed,  and  in  their 
passage  seemed  to  be  buried  in  the 
waters ;  as  persons  in  that  age 
were  put  under  the  water,  when 
they  were  baptized  ;  and  thus  were 
Israel  baptized  in  the  cloud  and  in 
the  sea."  Note  on  Rom.  vi.  45  ; 
Col.  ii.  12.  Booth  in  Paedobap- 
tism Examined,  p.  76. 

"  Observe  the  manner  of  admin- 
istration of  baptism  to  tlif»  Eunuch  ; 
he  went  down  into  the  water,  and 
was  baptized  by  Philip.  In  those 
hot  countries  it  was  usual  so  to  do, 
and  we  do  not  oppose  the  lawful- 
ness of  dipping  in  some  cases,  but 
the  necessity  of  dipping  in  all 
cases."  Expos.  Note  on  Rom.  vi.  4. 
Booth  in  Paedobaptism  Examined, 
p.  82. 

"  Speaking  of  infants  under  the 
notion  of  lambs,  calls  baptism 
'  Christ's  ear-mark,  by  which 
Christ's  sheep  are  distinguished 
from  the  devil's  goats.' "  Dis.  of 
Inf.  Bap.  in  Mr.  Reach's  Rector 
Rectified,  p.  98.  Booth  in  Piedo- 
baptism  Examined,  p.  229. 

"  They  (the  little  children)  were 
brought  unto  Jesus  Christ ;  but  for 
what  end  ?  Not  to  baptize  them, 
but  to  bless  them,  nor  to  command 
his  disciples  so  to  do.  Answ.  That 
is  not  to  be  wondered  at,  if  we  con- 
sider, that  they  had  already  en- 
tered into  covenant  with  God 
by  circumcision,  and  Christian 
baptism  was  not  yet  instituted. 
John's  baptism  was  the  baptism  of 
repentance,  of  which  infants  were 
incapable."  Expos.  Notes  on  Matt, 
xix.  4.  Booth  in  Pcedobaptism 
Examined,  p.  348. 

BUCANUS,  or  BUCANOS,  Wil- 
liam, author  of  Institutiones  Theo- 
logicae.  Genev.  1630,  8vo.  The 
same  in  English,  entitled  Body  of 
Divinity.      Translated  by  Robert 


118 


Bt; 


HAYNES'  BAPTIST 


Bu 


Hill,  Lond.  1659.  Robert  Watt. 
This  is  the  author  and  work  quoted 
as  Ibllows  : — 

"  Baptism,  that  is,  immersion, 
dipping,  and  by  consequence,  ivash- 
ing.  Baptistry,  a  vat,  or  large 
vessel  of  wood,  or  stone,  in  which 
we  are  immersed  for  the  sake  of 
washing.  Baptist,  one  that  im- 
merses, or  dips''  Institut.  Theolog. 
Log.  xlvii.  Qusest.  1,  p.  605.  Booth 
in   Paedobaptism  Examined,  p.  18. 

"  Our  Lord  was  baptized  of  John, 
to  signify  that  he  was  sent  that  he 
might  b-^  baptized  ;  that  is,  immer- 
sed in  death,  and  that  he  might 
wash  a\'.My  our  sins  with  his  own 
blood."  Luke,  xii.  50.  Institut. 
Theolog.  Loc.  xlvii.  Qusest.  xxxvii. 
p.  631.  Booth  in  Piedobaptism 
Examined,  p.  47. 

"  Immersion  into  the  water,  or 
aspersion,  plainly  denotes,  the 
sprinkling  of  the  blood  of  Christ 
for  the  remission  of  sins  and  the 
imputation  of  righteousness  :  and 
the  continuance  under  water,  how- 
ever short,  the  death  and  burial  of 
our  native  corruption,  (in  virtue  of 
our  Lord's  death  and  burial,)  that  is 
the  mortification  of  the  old  Adam, 
which  is  the  first  part  of  our  rege- 
neration ;  but  immersion,  the  rising 
of  the  new  man,  or  quickening 
and  newness  of  life ;  as  it  were, 
presented  to  view."  Rom.  vi.  3, 
4,  and  iv.  5,  13.  Institut.  Theolog. 
Loc.  XLVII.  Qusest.  xxxiv.  p.  621. 
Booth  in  Paedobaptism  Examined, 
p.  52. 

BURMANUS,  or  BURMAN, 
Francis,  Professor  of  Divinity  at 
Utrecht,  was  born  at  Leyden  1632  ; 
died  1679.  Among  his  learned 
theological  works  he  wrote  in  La- 
tin an  Abridgement  of  Divinity, 
entitled.  Synopsis  Theologiae,  et 
Speciatim      oeconomise      fcederum 


Dei  cui  accessit  concilium  de  studio. 
Theologico  felicitur  instituendo. 
Utrecht,  1671,  2  vols,  4to.  Often 
reprinted  and  quoted  below ; — 

"  BaTTTitr/Lto.;  and  BrtTm^/ict,  if  you  con- 
sider  their  etymology,  properly  sig- 
nify im^nersion.  And  Jesus,  when 
he  was  baptized,  went  straightway 
up  out  of  the  ivater."  Ma,tt.  iii.  16. 
Compare  Acts  viii.  38.  Synops. 
Theolog.  Tom.  ii.  Loc.  xlii.  Cap.  vi. 
§  2.  Booth  in  Paedobaptism  Ex. 
amined,  p.  19. 

"  The  external  rite,  in  baptism, 
having  the  image,  as  well  of  over- 
whelming and  suffocation,  as  of 
ivashing,  bears  also  a  twofold 
figure,  and  signifies  partly  the 
death  and  burial  of  Christ,  and  our 
communion  with  him  ; — partly, 
the  washing  away  of  sin,  by  the 
blood  and  spirit  of  Christ;  or  the 
justification  and  sanctification  of 
a  sinner."  Rom.  vi.  4  ;  1.  Pet.  iii. 
20 ;  Acts  ii.  38 ;  Tit.  iii.  5.  Synops. 
Theolog.  Tom.  ii.  Loc.  xliii.  C.  viii. 
§  2.  Booth  in  Pcedobaptism  Ex- 
amined, p.  55, 

"  Immersion  was  used  by  the 
Jews,  the  Apostles,  and  the  jjrijyii- 
tive  church,  especially  in  warm 
countries.  To  this,  various  forms 
of  speaking,  used  by  the  Apostles, 
refer,  Rom.  vi.  3,  4  :  Col.  ii.  12  ; 
Gal.  iii.  27.  But  in  the  West  and 
colder  parts  of  the  Avorld,  sprink- 
ling prevailed."  Synops.  Theolog. 
Tom.  II.  Loc.  xliii.  Booth  in  Pae- 
dobaptism Examined,  p.  86. 

BURNET,  Gilbert,  the  cele- 
brated bishop  of  Salisbury,  Eng- 
land, a  most  voluminous  wri- 
ter, chiefly  on  ecclesiastical 
subjects,  was  born  at  Edinburgh, 
1643;  died  1714.  A  list  of  his 
works  would  fill  four  pages  of  this 
work.  Two  only  will  be  named, 
History  of  the  Reformation  of  the 


Bu 


CYCLOPiEDIA. 


Bu 


119 


Church  of  England.  Lond.  1679-81,  ther  instructed  in  all  the  speciali- 
2  vols.  fol.  vol.  3  being  a  supple-  ties  of  the  Christian  religion,  and 
ment  of  the  other  two.  Loud,  in  all  the  rules  of  that  life  that 
1683  and  1715,  fol.  He  proves  Christ  had  prescribed."  Expos, 
by  the  laws  in  England,  the  exis-  xxxix.  Articles,  pp.  374— 37o. 
fence  and  persecution  of  Baptists  Booth  in  Pccdobaptism  Examined, 
in  1.549  and  1550,  vol.  ii.  p.  143.  ip.  91. 
Lond.  Ed.  1750,  and  p.  176  of  the!      "The  danger  of  dipping  in  cold 


same  volume  and    work,    relieves 
the  Baptists  of  the  charge  of  iden- 


climates,  may  be  a  very  good  rea- 
son for  changing  the  form  ol'  bap- 


tification  with  the  Munster  affair,  i  tism  to  sprinkling.'  Exposition 
His  other  work  which  we  shall  of  xxxix  J.r^/r/fs,  p.  436.  Booth  in 
notice,  was  entitled,  Exposition  oi' iPtsdobaptism  Exatnined,  ^p.  136. 
the  Thirty-nine  Articles  of  the  "All  reasoning  upon  this  head, 
Church  of  England.  Lond.  1699,  i  is  an  arguing  against  the  institu- 
fol.,  1700,  1720,  fol.,  which  is  7/o/?,  as  if  Christ  and  his  Apostles 
quoted  profusely  by  Booth  as  fol-  had  not  well  enough  considered  it, 
lows  :  but  that  twelve  hundred  years  after 

"  Sacraments    are    positive    pre-  them,  a  consequence  should   be  ob- 
cepts,  which  are    to   be  measured  served,  that  till  then  had  not  been 


ONLY  hi/  the  institution,  in  which 
there  is  not  room  left  for  them  to 
carry  us  any  further."  Exposit. 
xxxix  Articles,  Art.  xxvii.,  p.  279, 
Edit.  5.  Booth  in  Pcedobaptism 
Examined,  p.  3. 

"  They  (the  primitive  ministers 
of  the  gospel)  led  them  into  the 
water,  and  with  no  other  garments 
but  what  might  cover  nature,  they 
first  laid  them  down  in  the  water. 


thought  of,which  made  it  reasonable 
to  alter  the  manner  of  it.  He  who 
instituted  it,  knew  best  what  was 
most  fitting  and  most  reasonable  ; 
and  we  must  choose  rather  to  ac- 
quiesce in  his  commands,  than  in 
our  own  reasonings. '  Expos,  xxxix. 
Art.  pp.  436—437.  Booth's  Peb- 
dobaptism  Examined,  p.  150. 

"  To    these    instances    another 
may   be    added,    that   must  needs 


as  a  man  is  laid  in  a  grave,  and  press  all  that  differ  from  us,  one 
then  they  said  those  words  ;  /  bap-  j  body  only  excepted,  very  much, 
tize  thee  in  the  name  of  the  Father,  \  We  know  that  the  first  ritual  of 
Son,  and  Hoh/  Ghost.  Then  they  I  baptism,  was  by  going  into  the 
raised  them  up  again,  and  clean  j  waters  and  being  laid  as  dead,  all 
garments  were  put  on  them  ;  from  j  along  in  them;  and  then  the 
whence  came  the  phrases  of  being  persons  baptized  were  raised  up 
baptized  into  Christ's  death,  oi'  om\  again,  and  so  they  came  out  of 
being  buried  with  him  by  baptism  them.  This  is  not  only  mentioned 
into  death,  of  our  being  risen  with  by  St.  Paul,  but  in  two  different 
Christ,  and  of  our  putting  on  the  places  he  gives  a  mystical  signifi- 
Lord  Jesus  Christ ;  of  putting  of  cation  of  this  rite  ;  that  it  signified 
the  old  man  and  putting  on  the  our  being  buried  with  Christ  in 
new.  Rom.  xi.  3,  4,  5  ;  Col.  ii.  12;  baptism,  and  our  being  raised,  up 
Col.  iii.  1,  10 ;  Rom.  xiii.  14.  Af-  with  him  to  a  new  life ;  so  that 
ter  baptism  was  thus  performed,  the  phrases  of  rising  with  Christ, 
the  baptized  person  was  to  be  far- '  and  of  putting  on  Christ  as  often 


120 


Bu 


HAYNES'  BAPTIST 


Bu 


as  they  occur,  do  plainly  relate  to 
this  ;  and  yet  partly  out  of  modesty, 
partly  in  regard  to  the  tenderness 
of  infants,  and  the  coldness  of  these 
climates,  since  such  a  manner 
might  endanger  their  lives,  and 
we  know  that  God  loves  mercy 
better  them  sacrifice,  this  form  of 
baptizing  is  as  little  used  by  those 
(Psedobaptists)  who  separate  from 
us  as  by  ourselves.  From  all  these 
things  this  inference  seems  just,^ 
that  according  to  the  practices  of 
those  who  divide  from  us,  the 
church  must  be  supposed  to  have 
an  authority  to  adjust  the  forms 
of  our  religion,  in  those  parts  of 
them  that  are  merely  ritual,  to  the 
taste,  to  the  exigencies  and  conveni- 
ences of  the  several  ages  and  cli- 
mates." Four  Discourses  to  the 
Clergy,  pp.  2S 1—282.  Compare 
this  with  what  he  says,  Expos,  of 
xxxtx  Art.  pp.  436—437,  as  quoted 
before,  No.  51.  Booth  in  Psedo- 
baptism  Examined,  p.  155. 

"  There  is  no  express  precept  or 
rule  given  in  the  New  Testament, 
for  baptism  of  infants."  Expos. 
XXXIX.  Articles,  Art.  xxviii.  p.  383. 
Booth  in  Paedobaptism  Examined, 
p.  168. 

•'  By  the  first  preaching  or  mak- 
ing disciples  that  viust  go  before 
baptism,  is  to  be  meant  the  con- 
vincing the  world  that  Jesus  is 
the  Christ,  the  true  Messias, 
anointed  of  God  with  a  fullness  of 
grace  and  of  the  Spirit  without 
measure,  and  sent  to  be  the  Sa- 
viour and  Redeemer  of  the  world. 
And  when  any  were  brought  to 
acknowledge  this,  then  they  were 
to  baptize  them,  to  initiate  them 
into  his  religion,  by  obliging  them 
to  renounce  all  ungodliness,  as 
well  as  all  secular  and  carnal 
lusts."     Expos,  xxxix.  Articles,  p. 


374.  Booth  in  Paedobaptism  Ex- 
amined, p.  318. 

"  To  convince  the  world  how 
early  tradition  might  either  vary, 
or  misrepresent  matters ;  let  the 
tradition  not  only  in,  but  before 
St.  Iren^us's  time,  concerning  the 
observation  of  Easter,  be  consider- 
ed, which  goes  up  as  high  as  St. 
PoLYCARp's  time.  If,  then,  tradi- 
tion failed  so  near  its  fountain,  we 
may  easily  judge  what  account 
we  ought  to  make  of  it  at  so  great 
a  distance."  Four  Discourses  to 
the  Clergy,  pp.  247—248.  Booth 
in  Psedobaptism  Examined,  p.  406. 

"  We  see  a  practice  that  was 
very  ancient,  and  that  continued 
veri/  long,  which  arose  out  of  the 
exposition  of  those  words,  John  vi. 
53,  by  which  infants  were  made 
partakers  of  the  eucharist."  Four 
Discourses  to  the  Clergy,  pp.  206 — 
207.  Booth  in  Paedobaptism  Ex- 
amined, p.  419. 

"  It  is  a  vain  thing  to  prove  that 
this  (infallibility)  must  be  in  the 
church,  because  otherwise  a  great 
many  absurdities  must  needs  follow, 
if  it  were  not  in  it.  When  once  it 
is  proved  that  God  has  given  it  to 
his  church,  we  shall  very  willingly 
yield  that  he  had  good  reasons  for 
it ;  but  it  is  a  very  preposterous  way 
to  argue,  that  God  must  have  done 
such  a  thing,  because  we  fancy 
that  it  is  necessary  to  jirevent  some 
great  evil,  or  to  j}rocure  some  very 
great  good.  For  this  is  only  to 
pretend  to  prove,  that  God  ought 
to  have  done  somewhat  that  he  has 
not  done  ;  unless  they  can  at  the 
same  time  prove,  that  God  has 
done  it.  This  is  to  conclude,  that 
his  ivays  must  be  as  ours  are,  and 
that  his  thoughts  must  be  as  our 
thoughts.  Four  Discourses  to  the 
Clergy,  Disc.  iii.    174.     Booth  in 


Bl 


CYCLOPAEDIA. 


Bo 


121 


PcBdobaptism    Examined,  p.   441. 

Substitute  infant  baptism  for  infal- 
hbiUtif  in  the  above  quotation. 

"  Though  lawfid  and  unhiicful 
are  severe  and  rigorous  things,  and 
of  a  fixed  and  determinate  nature  ; 
yet  fit  and  unfit  are  of  a  more 
loose  and  unstable  order."  Four 
Discourses  to  the  Clergy,  p.  350. 
Booth  in  Paedobaptism  Ex.  p.  460. 

BUTLER,  Joseph,  a  prelate  of 
the  most  distinguished  abilities, 
and  bishop  of  Durham,  born  in 
Berkshire,  1692,  died  1752.  His 
principal  work — Analogy  of  Reli- 
gion, Natural  and  Revealed,  to  the 
constitution  and  course  ol'  nature. 
Lond.  1736.  4to.  1736,  8vo.,  is  thus 
quoted  : 

"  Moral  precepts,  are  precepts 
the  reasons  of  which  we  see ;  posi- 
tive precepts,  the  reasons  of  which 
we  do  not  see.  Moral  duties  arise 
out  of  the  nature  of  the  case  itself, 
prior  to  external  command  ;  positive 
duties  do  not  arise  out  of  the  na- 
ture of  the  case,  but  from  external 
command,  received  from  him  whose 
creatures  and  subjects  we  are.  But 
the  manner  in  which  the  nature 
of  the  case,  or  the  fact  of  the  re- 
lation, is  made  known,  this  doth 
not  denominate  any  duty  either 
positive  or  moral.  The  reason  of 
positive  institutions,  in  general,  is 
very  obvious;  though  we  should 
not  see  the  reason  why  such  par- 
ticular ones  are  pitched  upon, 
rather  than  others.  Whoever, 
therefore,  instead  of  cavilling  at 
words,  will  attend  to  the  thing  it- 
self, may  clearly  see,  that  positive 
institutions  in  general,  as  distin- 
guished for  this  or  that  particular 
one,  have  the  nature  of  moral  com- 
mands ;  since  the  reasons  of  them 
appear.  Thus,  for  instance,  the 
external    worship    of  God,     is    a 


moral  duty,  though  no  particular 
mode  of  it  be  so.  Care,  then,  is 
to  be  taken,  when  a  comparison  is 
made  between  positive  and  moral 
duties,  that  they  may  be  compared 
nofartherthanasthey  are  different; 
no  farther  than  as  the  former  are 
positive,  or  arising  out  of  mere  ex- 
ternal command,  the  reasons  of 
which  we  are  not  acquainted  with, 
and  as  the  latter  are  moral  or 
arising  out  of  the  apparent  reason 
of  the  case,  without  such  external 
command.  Unless  this  caution  be 
observed  we  shall  run  into  endless 
confusion.  Now  this  being  pre- 
mised, suppose  two  standing  pre- 
cedents enjoined  by  the  same  au- 
thority, that  in  certain  conjunc- 
tures it  is  impossible  to  obey  them 
both  ;  that  the  former  is  moral,  i.e. 
a  precept  of  which  we  see  the 
reasons,  it  is  indisputable  that  our 
obligations  are  to  obey  the  former, 
because  there  is  an  apparent  rea- 
son for  this  preference,  and  none 
against  it.  As  it  is  one  of  the 
peculiar  weaknesses  of  human 
nature,  when  upon  a  comparison 
of  two  things,  one  is  found  to  be 
of  greater  importance  than  the 
other,  to  consider  this  as  of  scarce 
any  importance  at  all ;  it  is  highly 
necessary  that  we  remind  our- 
selves how  great  presumption  it  is 
to  make  light  of  any  institution 
of  divine  appointment;  tliat  our 
obligations  to  obey  all  God's  com- 
mands whatever,  are  absolute  and 
indispensable  ;  and  that  commands 
merehj  positive,  admitted  to  be 
from  him,  lay  us  under  a  moral 
obligation  to  obey  them,  and  obli- 
gation, moral  in  the  strictest  and 
most  proper  sense."  Analogy  of 
Relig.  pp.  172, 178.  Glasgow,  1764. 
Booth  in  Paedobaptism  Examined, 
pp.  1,  2,  3. 


BULKLEY,  or  BULKELEYJcated.  Mr.  Buniham  is  said  to 
Charles,  a  Protestant  dissenting  i  have  taken  great  delight  in  the 
minister,bora  inLondon,  1719,  died,  vain  amusements  of  plays,  balls, 
1797.  He  wrote  upon  almost  |  and  concerts,  which,  as  they  were 
every  variety  of  subject,  and  |  his  element,  so  they  engrossed  the 
among  his  published  works  were — {principal  part  of  his  time.  Provi- 
Two  Discourses  on  Catholic  Com-  j  dence  having  cast  his  lot  at  High 
munion,  on  John  iii.  5.  17o4.  8vo.  Wycomba,  in  Buckinghamshire, 
Two  Discourses  on  Baptism.  Lond.  |  he  was  led  to  attend  the  chapel  of 
1754.  8vo.    To  these  ought  to  have  I  the  Wesleyan  Methodists  in  that 


been  prefixed — On  the  Death  of  Dr. 
James  Foster ;  a  Sermon  on  John 
V.  35.  1755.  8vo.  For  his  other 
works  consult  Bibliotheca  Britan- 
nica. 

BURNHAM,  Richard.  Watt 
only  mentions  him  as  the  author 
of  Pious  Memorials  ;  or  the  Power 
of  Religion  upon  the  mind,  in  sick- 
ness and  at  death,  exemplified  in 
the  experience  of  many  divines, 
and  other  eminent  persons,   inter- 


town.  It  was  there  that  he  is 
said  to  have  received  his  first  im- 
pressions of  religion,  under  the 
ministry  of  a  Mr.  Williams,  one  of 
the  preachers  in  that  connexion. 
His  external  conduct  was  now  re- 
formed, and  he  is  said  to  have 
reaped  much  pleasure  in  the  change. 
His  happiness,  however,  was  only 
short-lived  ;  for  he  was  accustom- 
ed to  relate  a  variety  of  mental 
conflicts  respecting  the  nature  of 
spersed   with    what    was  most  re-  faith,  which  agitated  him  for  a  con- 


markable  in  their  lives.  1753.  8vo. 
Posth.  Sermon,  proving  that  be- 
lievers are  the  only  proper  subjects 
of  baptism.  Likewise  a  Sermon 
preached  at  the  ordination  of  Mr.  J. 
Batterman,  1806.  Bibliotheca  Brit- 
annica.  From  the  titles  of  the 
two  last  works  we  learn  that  he 
was  a  Baptist,  and  a  minister,  as 
was  also  Mr.  Batterman.  We  find 
a  memoir  of  him  in  Wilson's  His- 
tory of  Dissenting  Churches,  vol. 
4.  pp.  25-29,  under  the  head  of 
Grafton-street  Particular  Baptist 
Church,  Westminster,  England. 
He  says,  "  Richard  Burnham  was 
born  about  the  year  1749.  As  his 
parents  were  in  poor  circumstances, 
his  education  became  neglected, 
and  he  spent  the  early  part  of  his 
life  in  gaiety  and  dissipation.  When 
the  mind  lies  uncultivated  it  be- 
comes easily  susceptible  of  vicious 
principles,  which  gain  strength  by- 
age,  and  are  with  difficulty  eradi 


siderable  time  afterwards.  The 
result  of  his  speculations  and  sug- 
gestions was  a  settlement  in  those 
doctrines  which  usually  pass  un- 
der the  name  of  Antinoniianism, 
and  he  felt  a  strong  desire  to  com- 
municate them  to  others.  It  was 
not  long,  therefore,  before  he  com- 
menced a  preacher,  and  the  suc- 
cess he  met  with  was  proportion- 
ate to  his  zeal  and  confidence. 
After  he  had  been  a  preacher  for 
some  time,  he  embraced  the  senti- 
ments of  the  Anti-pajdobaptists 
(Baptists)  and  received  baptism 
l)y  immersion  from  Mr.  Thomas 
Davis,  of  Reading.  Not  long  after- 
wards he  went  to  reside  at  Staines, 
in  Middlesex,  and  was  instru- 
mental in  planting  a  small  Bap- 
tist church  in  that  town.  There 
he  met  with  considerable  oppo- 
sition from  a  prevailing  dislike  to 
evangelical  religion,  which  oper- 
ated in  the  removal  from  the  pa- 


Bu 


CYCLOPEDIA. 


Bn 


123 


rochial  church  of  an  excellent 
clergyman,  the  Rev.  W.  J.  Abdy, 
now  rector  of  St.  John's,  Horsley- 
down.  Mr.  Burnhaui's  congrega- 
tion being  poor,  and  unable  to  con- 
tribute much  to  his  support,  he 
became  embarrassed  in  his  cir- 
cumstances, which  induced  him 
to  solicit  the  assistance  of  his 
London  brethren.  Although  it 
would  have  been  very  difficult  for 
any  person  of  a  penetrating  judg- 
ment to  discover  the  peculiar 
attractions  of  Mr.  Burnham's  pul- 
pit performances,  yet  we  are  assured 
that  during  this  visit  to  London 
he  attracted  large  crowds  of  people 
to  hear  him  preach,  so  that  it  was 
not  long  before  he  accomplished 
the  object  of  his  journey.  Another 
beneficial  event,  however,  resulted 
from  this  visit,  for  the  good  people 
who  crowded  after  him,  did  not 
fail  to  express  the  satisfaction  they 
received  from  his  preaching,  and 
to  represent  the  benefits  that  would 
result  from  his  settlement  in  the 
metropolis.  Mr.  Burnham  was 
not  blind  to  the  force  of  this 
reasoning,  for  he  easily  foresaw 
that  if  he  continued  at  Staines,  his 
difficulties  would  speedily  recur ; 
he  therefore  closed  with  the  wishes 
of  his  friends  in  London,  and  re- 
moved thither  about  the  year  17S0. 
A  suitable  place  of  worship  having 
been  found  on  the  Surry  side  of 
Blackfriars-bridge,  in  Greenwalk, 
a  church  was  formed  there  upon 
Anti-paedobaptist  principles,  that 
is.  Baptist,  and  Mr.  Burnham  con- 
tinued pastor.  The  success  of  his 
preaching  was  soon  apparent,  in 
the  number  of  persons  who  pre- 
sented themselves  for  church  mem- 
bership, and  both  pastor  and  people 
grew  into  mutual  attachment.  At 
the    above    place,     Mr.    Burnham 


preached,  as  we  are  informed,  about 
two  years,  at  the  end  of  which 
period  he  removed  with  a  part  of 
his  people,  we  believe,  to  Gate- 
street,  Lincoln's-Inn  Fields,  and 
from  thence,  after  a  short  interval, 
in  consequence  of  a  division  in 
his  church,  occasioned  by  his  own 
misconduct,  to  another  place, 
which  he  called  Salem  Chapel,  in 
Edward-street,  Soho.  Upon  the 
removal  of  Mr.  Martin's  church  to 
a  new  meeting  house  in  Stone- 
street,  Mr.  Burnham's  people  took 
a  lease  of  the  place  in  Grafton- 
street,  whither  they  removed  in 
1795.  There,  after  a  period  of 
fifteen  years,  he  closed  his  minis- 
terial labors.  Of  Mr.  Burnham's 
character,  we  will  say  but  little 
because  we  can  say  very  little  to 
his  advantage.  Popularity  is  an 
acquisition  of  a  very  uncertain  te- 
nure, and  though  it  continued  with 
him  till  the  last,  it  was  no  criterion 
either  of  the  excellency  of  his 
preaching,  or  of  the  judgment  of 
his  hearers.  A  teacher  of  Chris- 
tianity, if  a  good  man,  although 
destitute  of  the  embellishments  of 
a  liberal  education,  may  be  very 
usefully  employed  in  a  variety  of 
situations,  and  is  deserving  of 
honour ;  but  it  is  expected  of  a 
public  teacher,  that  he  should  be 
endowed  with  a  decent  portion  of 
common  sense,  and  not  be  ignorant 
of  the  usual  forms  of  language. 
No  pretensions  to  spirituality  can 
be  a  sufficient  counterbalance  to 
the  effusions  of  nonsense.  It  is  no 
uncommon  thing  for  people  to 
overrate  their  own  talents,  but 
when  they  are  forced  incautiously 
upon  the  public,  society  suffers. 
Religious  dispositions  are  absolute- 
ly necessary  to  the  formation  of  a 
Christian  ;  but  every  religious  man 


124 


Ba 


HAYNES'  BAPTIST 


Bu 


is  not  called  to  be  a  public  in- 
structor, nor  should  he  assume 
that  office  when  destitute  of  those 
qualifications  that  command  re- 
spect and  attention.  Mr.  Burnham 
possessed  a  very  large  portion  of 
zeal,  and  if  we  add,  an  equal  de- 
gree of  familiarity,  they  constitut- 
ed his  principal  attainments  as  a 
preacher.  These,  however,  were 
sufficient  to  attract  a  numerous 
congregation,  who  looked  upon  him 
as  possessing  extraordinary  endow- 
ments. Of  the  preacher's  private 
character  we  shall  say  nothing,  be- 
cause we  do  not  choose  to  make  our 
work  a  vehicle  for  scandal.  The 
writer  of  his  funeral  sermon  re- 
counts a  conflict  which  he  had 
with  the  enemy  of  souls,  in  his 
last  moments,  but  says  he  died  in 
peace.  This  event  took  place 
October  30,  1810,  in  the  sixty- 
second  year  of  his  age.  Mr.  Burn- 
ham  was  interred  in  the  burial 
ground  adjoining  to  Tottenham- 
court  Chapel,  where  may  be  seen 
the  following  inscription  upon  his 
tomb-stone. 


Beneath  this  stone 

Are  deposited  the  remains  of 

MR.     RICHARD     BURNHAM, 

Near  30  years 

Pastor  of  the  Baptist  Church, 

Now  meeting  in  Grafton-street,  Soho ; 

Endowed   with   an   ardent   zeal  for  the  Redeemer's 

interest. 

An  acute  penetration 

and 

Vigour  of  mind  seldom  equalled  ; 

His  Ministry 

Was  remarkably  owned 

To  the  conversion  of  many 

Who  will  be  his  crown  of  rejoicing  in  the  Great  Day 

His  humility 

And  sympathetic  tenderness 

To  the  afflicted, 

Endeared  him  to  all  who  knew  him  best ; 

The  Truths  he  had  preached 

Were  his  support  in  his  illness ; 

With  steady  confidence 

And  serene  peace 

He  hailed  the  approach  of  death, 

And  calmly  entered  into  the  joy  of  his  Lord, 

October  30th,  1810, 

In  the  6  2d  year  of  hU  Age. 


But  now  no  more  the  honoured  man  of  God 
Appears  below  to  sound  the  Sariour's  blood, 
He's  dead  !  but  lives  !  and  shines  and  reigns  on  high, 
In  worlds  of  liglit,  where  praises  never  die. 
—  }Vatt  and  Wilson,  above  quoted. 

BUTTERWORTH,  John,  best 
known  as  the  author  of  — A  New 
Concordance  and  Dictionary  of 
the  Holy  Scriptures,  with  the  va- 
rious significations  of  the  principal 
words,  by  which  the  true  meaning 
of  many  passages  is  shown.  1767, 
1785,  8vo.  He  was  born  in  Lan- 
cashire, England,  13  Dec,  1727, 
died  1803,  aged  76  years.  In  1751 
he  was  ordained  pastor  of  the 
Baptist  Church  at  Coventry,  which 
office  he  filled  52  years,  to  the  close 
of  his  life.  Three  of  his  brothers 
became  Baptist  ministers,  and  his 
only  other  brother  was  a  professed 
Christian,  as  were  their  parents 
also  devoted  Christians.  At  about 
15,  John  Butterworth  joined  the 
Methodists,  but  when  converted,  at 
about  19  yea,rs  of  age,  he  united  wit  ii 
the  Baptists,  and  soon  entered  the 
ministry.  As  a  pastor,  he  engaged 
deeply  the  affections,  and  won  the 
respect,admiration,  and  esteem  of  his 
church.  He  was  eminently  quali- 
fied with  pastoral  endowments. 
Three  years  previous  to  his  death, 
in  his  epistolary  correspondence  he 
thus  expressed  the  fervent  piety  of 
his  sentiments,  and  devotional 
spirit  and  frame  of  mind  :  "  We 
are  thankful,  and  we  have  abun- 
dant cause  to  be  so,  having  all  the 
comforts  of  this  life  ;  (which  multi- 
tudes have  not ;)  the  means  of  grace ; 
the  exercise  of  faith  in  Christ;  and 
in  general,  comfort  of  mind  and 
peace  of  conscience,  reconciliation 
to  God,  both  respecting  the  way  of 
salvation,  and  providential  dispen- 
sations. I  often  think  that  I  am 
one  of  the  richest  men  in  Coventry  ; 
for  he  is  not  rich  who  wants  more, 


Bn 


CYCLOPAEDIA. 


Bu 


125 


but  he  Avho  has  enough,  and,  like 
Jacob  and  Paul,  I  have  enough! 
yea,  I  have  all  and  abound.  I 
have  much  to  bless  God  tor,  his 
comforts  delight  my  soul."  About 
a  week  previous  to  his  decease  he 
wrote  to  his  grandson,  "  Nothing 
in  creation  is  so  important  as  an 
interest  in  Christ ;  if  you  are  favor- 
ed herewith  you  are  made  for  ever. 
This  is  my  consolation  under  the 
infirmities  of  age,  that  I  am  going 
home  to  a  better  country,  and  to  a 
fairer  and  larger  inheritance  than 
ever  I  had  in  England."  How  in- 
structive to  mark  the  end  of  such 
a  man  of  G-od,  for  the  end  of  that 
man  is  peace  !  It  might  not  be 
uninteresting  to  contemplate  the 
begining  of  a  life  which  enjoyed 
an  end  so  enviable,  as  to  excite  in 
the  heart  of  every  one,  the  wish 
to  die  the  death  of  the  righteous. 
He  has  recorded  his  testimony  to 
the  scriptural  doctrine  of  personal 
knowledge  of  Christ  in  the  forgive- 
ness of  sins.  He  says,  "  one  morn- 
ing I  was  deeply  in  thought  on  this 
subject,  reasoning  with  myself  why 
I  was  still  in  unbelief,  when  these 
words  dropped  into  my  mind,  By 
grace  ye  are  saved,  through  faith, 
and  that  not  of  yourselves :  it  is  the 
gift  of  God.  This  word  gift,  re- 
volved in  my  mind.  A  gift,  thought 
I,  is  not  merited ;  if  it  were  it 
would  be  a  debt,  and  not  a  gift.  I 
had  leaned  all  along  towards  the 
doctrine  of  merit,  and  of  obtaining 
grace  by  good  works ;  but  now  1 
saw  faith  to  be  an  undeserved  gift, 
and  that  God  might  bestow  it  on 
my  vilest  neighbors,  and  leave  me 
in  my  moral  duties  without  faith. 
This  led  me  to  think  there  wtis 
some  truth  in  the  doctrine  of  elec- 
tion ;  and  that  it  was  not  upon 
foresight   of  faith    and  obedience. 


but  of  pure  sovereignty  ;  and  that 
faith  and  obedience  were  the  ef- 
fects of  election  and  not  causes 
thereof.  My  sentiments  began  to 
change  from  Arminianism  to  Cal- 
vinism. I  searched  tlie  Bible  all 
that  day ;  and  the  evidence  in 
favor  of  election  shone  like  the 
sun.  As  I  saw  it  in  the  Bible,  so 
I  saw  the  doctrine  exemplified  in 
the  world.  I  concluded  that  if 
ever  the  Lord  should  show  me 
a  favor  and  give  me  faith,  it 
would  be  of  mere  mercy.  I  was 
not  left  to  neglect  the  worship  of 
God,  but  I  sought  him  .sorrowing. 
One  evening  I  was  reading  in  the 
Bible  and  cast  my  eye  on  these 
words  of  our  Lord,  John  vi.  47. 
Verily,  verily,  I  sai/  unto  you,  he 
that  believeth  in  me  hath  everlasting 
life.  I  was  struck  with  the  pas- 
sage— as  if  spoken  to  me.  I  did 
immediately  believe  that  Jesus 
Christ  was  a  suitable,  precious, 
and  almighty  Saviour ;  I  trusted 
in  him  alone  for  salvation ;  and 
therefore  in  him  I  had  everhisting 
life.  I  could  not  but  believe  and  re- 
joice. Isaid,  whocan  helpbelieving? 
For  I  thought  it  as  easy  then  as  I 
had  found  it  hard  before.  I  was 
transported  with  the  love  of  Christ. 
The  Bible  was  my  delight  and 
meditation  all  the  day.  I  attained 
more  knowledge  of  scripture  in  a 
month  after  this,  than  I  have  done 
in  years  since.  I  was  not  satisfied 
unless  I  knew  every  text  that  re- 
lated to  doctrine  or  practice,  and 
where  it  was  ;  and  thus  1  soon 
attained  a  general  knowledge  of 
the  whole  Bible."     Memoir. 

BUCER,  Martin,  born  1491, 
at  Scholestadt  in  Alsace ;  died 
lool.  Was  first  Dominican  monk. 
By  the  writings  of  Erasmus,  Lu- 
ther,   Zuingiius,     and    intercourse 


126 


Bu 


HAYNES'  BAPTIST 


Bu 


with  Luther,  he  became  a  Protestant 
Reformer,  and  went  afterwards  to 
England,  and  in  the  reign  of  Ed- 
ward VI.  was  made  Professor  of 
Theology  in  Cambridge.  He  was 
previously  at  Augsburgh  when  the 
pacification  called  the  Interim 
was  held.  He  was  a  learned  and 
voluminous  writer,  and  is  men- 
tioned as  an  author  against  the 
Anabaptists,  but  in  the  catalogue 
of  his  works  no  title  indicates  the 
fact.  See  Bib.  Brit.,  and  Dr.  Sears, 
as  quoted  by  Benedict,  p.  924.  Not 
a  Reformer  of  any  eminence  as  a 
leader  and  writer  among  the  con- 
temporaries of  Luther,  who  did 
not  inveigh  against  the  Anabap- 
tists, and  it  would  be  strange  if 
Bucer  had  omitted  this  proof  of 
his  orthodoxy  with  his  party. 

BURNS,  An  English  Baptist, 
author  of  Scripture  Appeal  and 
Review  of  J.  Stanley.  See  Stan- 
ley. 

BRUIS,  Peter  De,  founder  of 
the  Petrobrussians,  about  the  be- 
ginning of  the  twelfth  century,  or 
A.  D.  1110.  He  was  deemed  wor- 
thy of  martyrdom  as  a  Baptist. 
The  priesthood  invited  the  popu- 
lace to  burn  him  at  St.  Giles  in 
1130,  after  a  laborious  ministry  of 
nearly  a  quarter  of  a  century.  He 
was  author  of  that  celebrated  Trea- 
tise of  Antichrist,  written  about 
1125,  which  is  in  Jones'  History 
of  the  Waldenses  and  several  other 
works.  Peter  De  Bruis  was  a 
Baptist,  teaching  "  that  no  persons 
are  to  be  baptized  before  they  have 
the  full  use  of  their  reason."  The 
centre  of  his  personal  influence  as 
a  minister  during  his  life-time  was 
Langnedoc  and  Provence.  He  was 
originally  a  Roman  Catholic,  but 
one  of  the  illustrious  and  almost 
innumerable    cloud    of    Psedobap- 


tists,  who  have  from  the  earliest 
rise  of  Pcedobaptism,  renounced, 
rejected,  and  testified  against  it  as 
a  human  tradition  superadded  to 
the  ordinances  of  the  gospel.  Of 
this  great  and  good  man  more  full 
notice  will  be  given  in  the  chro- 
nological department  of  this  work. 
It  is  sufficient  here  simply  to  note 
him  as  a  Baptist,  and  there  to  ex- 
hibit the  chain  of  evidence  under 
the  period  to  which  it  belongs. 

BUSHER,  Leonard,  a  citizen  of 
London,  and  a  Baptist — author  of 
"  Religion's  Peace ;  or  a  Plea  for 
Liberty  of  Conscience,  1614  ;  re- 
printed 1646,  4to.  pp.  38,  by  H.  B., 
doubtless  by  Henry  Burton.  Ham- 
bury's  Historical  Memorials,  vol.  1, 
p.  224.  Note  (/.) 

BRUBACK;  Hans,  a  Baptist  of 
Zurich  in  the  Swiss  Cantons,  whom 
the  persecuting  edict  of  the  autho- 
rities of  Zurich  robbed  of  9000  rix 
dollars,  as  a  penalty  for  being 
united  to  a  Baptist  church. 

BUNYAN,  John,  next  to  the 
Bible,  the  author  of  the  greatest 
book  in  any  language — the  Pil- 
grim's Progress.  This  distinguish- 
ed Baptist  minister  was  born  at. 
Elstow,  near  Bedford,  England, 
1628 ;  died,  1G88,  aged  60  years, 
having  written  60  different  works. 
Author  of  a  book  for  every  year  of 
his  life.  The  Bibliotheca  Britanni- 
ca  gives  the  following  titles.  1.  Ex- 
position of  the  16th  chapter  of  St. 
Luke,  Loud.  1658,  8vo.  2.  Sermon, 
Rev.  xxi.  10,  to  chapter  xxii.  5, 
1665,  12mo.— 3.  Holy  City  of  New 
Jerusalem,  Loud.  1669,  8vo. — 4. 
Defence  of  the  doctrine  of  Justifi- 
cation, Lond.  1672,  4to. — 5.  Sighs 
from  Hell,  or  the  groans  of  a  damned 
Soul. — 6.  Light  to  men  that  sit  in 
darkness  or,  a  Sermon  of  Jesus 
Christ,  Lond.  1675.     7.  Institution 


Bu 


CYCLOPEDIA. 


Ca 


127 


for  the  ignorant,  Loud.  1675,  8vo. 
—8.  The  Strait  Gate,  or  Difficulty 
of  getting  to  Heaven,  on  Lulve  xiii. 
24,  Lond.  1676,  8vo. — 9.  Come  and 
Welcome  to  Christ  Jesus,  Lond. 
1678,  8vo. — 10.  Pilgrim's  Progress 
from  this  world  to  the  other.  Loud. 
1678,  12mo.  with  explanatory  notes, 
Lond.  1773,  8vo.  with  notes  by  G. 
Burder,  Cov.  1791,  2  vols.  8vo. 
with  Notes  by  J.  Bedford,  Lond. 
1792,  8vo.  Lmumerable  editions. 
Part  third,  with  a  life  of  the  auth- 
or, Lond.  1693,  8vo.  Said  to  be 
spurious. — 11.  The  work  of  Jesus 
Christ  as  an  advocate  explained, 
Lond.  1688,  12mo.— 12.  Heart's 
Ease  in  Heart-Trouble,  Lond.  1691, 
8vo, — 13.  The  Barren  Fig-tree,  with 
an  exhortation  to  peace  and  unity 
amongst  all  who  fear  God,  Lond. 
1692,  12mo. — 14.  Reprobation  As- 
serted, Lond.  1696.  4to. — 15.  News 
from  Pennsylvania,  Lond.  1703, 
8vo. — 16.  Relation  of  his  Imprison- 
ment, with  his  Examination  before 
the  Justices,  his  Conference  with 
the  Clerk  of  the  Peace,  what  passed 
between  the  Judges  and  his  Wife, 
when  she  presented  a  Petition  for 
his  deliverance,  and  written  by 
himself,  and  never  before  published. 
Lond.  1765,  8vo.— 17.  Works,  Lond, 
1736-7,  2  vol.  fol.  Reprinted  1760, 
and  often  since. 

To  review  every  author,  criti- 
cise every  work,  or  even  to  give 
full  accounts  of  all  the  names  at 
the  head  of  articles  in  this  work, 
would  be  impo.ssible ;  and  since 
Bunyan  is  an  household  word 
among  all  Christian  nations,  his 
biography  is  also  written  indelibly 
upon  the  memory  of  the  millions 
of  sabbath  school  children,  and 
engraved  upon  the  minds  of  the 
learned,  it  would  be  useless  to  in- 
sert  it  here.     The  Pilgrim's   Pro- 


gress has  been  classed  as  occupy- 
ing a  rank  next  to  the  Holy  Bible, 
the  genius  of  its  author  has  been 
celebrated  by  Johnson,  Cowper, 
Franklin,  and  a  host  of  learned  and 
good  men  of  all  sects  and  no  sect, 
and  of  all  civilized  countries.  The 
reader  therefore  is  referred  to  Bun- 
yan's  Account  of  Himself  as  the 
most  characteristic  memoir,  which 
is  accessible  to  every  reader.  But 
above  all  who  can  read  the  Pilgrim 
and  be  ignorant  of  the  author  ? 
His  portrait  will  be  found  among 
the  illustrations  of  the  Baptist  Cy- 
clopaedia. 

CANNE,  JoHx,  an  English  Pro- 
testant minister,  and  author,  born 
between  15.90  and  1600,  and  died 
about  1664,  at  Amsterdam  in  Hol- 
land. He  was  originally  a  clergy- 
man of  the  Church  of  England,  but 
with  other  distinguished  Paedobap- 
tists  of  his  times  united  with  the 
Baptists,  although  while  he  retain- 
ed his  union  with  the  Baptists  he 
was  at  one  period  of  his  lite  Pastor 
of  the  English  Church  of  Brownists, 
Lidependents,orCongregationali.sts, 
at  Amsterdam  in  Holland,  from 
which  Church  the  Puritan  Pilgrim 
Fathers  of  New  England  descended 
in  a  direct  line  of  succession.  We 
will  here  interrupt  the  narrative  to 
insert  an  imperfect  list  of  his  works 
as  it  is  given  in  the  Bibliotheca  Bri- 
tannica.  1.  Necessity  of  separation 
from  the  Church  of  England  proved 
by  the  Nonconformist  principles, 
Lond.  1634,  fol.— 2.  The  Golden 
Rule,  or  Justice  advanced,  Lond. 
1649,  4to.— 3.  The  Snare  is  broken, 
wherein  is  proved  that  the  National 
Covenant  and  Oath  was  lawluUy 
given  and  taken,  Lond.  1649,  4to.— 
4.  Emanuel,  or  God  with  us;  where- 
in is  set  forth,  England's  great  vic- 
tory over  the  Scots  army  in  a  battle 


128 


Ca 


HAYNES'  BAPTIST 


Ca 


at  Ditnbar,  Lond.  1650,  4to.— 5.  A 
voice  from  the  Temple  to  the  High- 
er Powers,  Lond.  1653,  4to. — 6.  A 
second  voice  from  the  Temple  to 
the  Higher  Powers,  Lond.  1653, 
4to.— 7.  The  Time  of  the  End  ;  or, 
a  Prophecy  of  Daniel  explained, 
Lond.  1657,  8vo.— 8.  A  Seasonable 
word  to  Parliament,  Lond.  1659, 
4to.— 9.  The  Acts  and  monuments 
of  our  late  Parliament  ;  or  a  Col- 
lection of  Acts,  Orders  and  Notes 
that  have  passed  in  the  House, 
Lond.  1659,  4to.— 10.  Continuation 
of  the  same,  Lond.  1659,  4to.— 11. 
Bible  with  marginal  notes,  Annot. 
1664,  Bvo.  Edin.  1727,  8vo.  Lithe 
two  following  historical  notices  of 
Mr.  Canne,  these  works  will  come 
under  more  particular  observation. 
•'  When  we  consider,"  says  Wal- 
ter Wilson,  "  the  long  continued 
celebrity,  so  justly  acquired  by  this 
eminent  person,  on  account  of  his 
Biblical  labors,  it  is  somewhat  sur- 
prising that  we  have  not  a  more 
particular  account  of  his  history 
upon  record.  Mr.  Canne  was  ori- 
ginally a  minister  in  the  Church  of 
England,  but  whether  beneficed  or 
not  is  uncertain  :  Nor  are  we  bet- 
ter informed  at  what  precise  period 
he  left  that  communion  to  unite 
himself  with  the  Brownists,  of 
whose  doctrine  and  discipline  he 
afterwards  became  a  zealous  de- 
fender." Of  the  doctrine  and  dis- 
cipline of  the  Brownists,  Mr.  Canne 
was  indeed  a  zealous  and  able  de- 
fender, and  was  pastor  of  the  then 
Church  at  Amsterdam  in  Holland, 
but  as  we  have  said  in  the  begin- 
ning of  this  article  he  was  a  Bap- 
tist, and  in  nothing  was  his  consis- 
tency as  a  Baptist  compromised 
in  his  pastorship  and  defence  of 
the  doctrine  and  discipline  of  the 
Brownists' Church,  excepting  only 


in  the  single  particular  of  mixed 
communion,  in  which  he  then 
agreed  with  Bunyan  his  cotempora- 
ry.  "  The  records  of  the  old  (Bap- 
tist) Church  at  Deadinan's  Place, 
(London)  as  quoted  by  Crosby,  vol.  1 
p.  163,  state  that  he  succeeded  Mr. 
Hubbard  in  the  office  of  pastor  to 
that  society,  after  its  (or  his  ?)  re- 
turn from  Ireland  (Holland  ?)  The 
year  in  which  this  happened  is  not 
mentioned ;  but  it  may  be  nearly 
ascertained  by  subsequent  events. 
After  preaching  to  his  people  in 
private  houses  for  about  a  year  or 
two,  the  severity  of  the  times  com- 
pelled him  to  leave  the  country, 
and  he  retired  to  Holland,  where 
the  Brownists  had  long  found  a  se- 
cure retreat.  Here  he  became  pas- 
tor of  the  ancient  English  Church 
at  Amsterdam,  which  had  some 
years  before,  the  learned  Henry 
Ainsworth  for  Doctor  or  Teacher. 
It  is  said  that  shortly  after  his  elec- 
tion, he  was  censured  and  deposed 
by  a  part  of  the  people,  who  re- 
nounced communion  with  him.  The 
ground  of  dispute  that  was  the  im- 
mediate occasion  of  this  breach  is 
not  mentioned ;  but  there  can  be  lit- 
tle doubt  that  it  related  to  some 
point  of  ecclesiastical  discipline.  It 
seems  that  Mr.  Canne  maintained 
his  station  ;  for  in  some  of  his  publi- 
cations afterwards,  he  styles  himself 
"  Pastor  of  the  Ancient  English 
Church  at  Amsterdam."  His  exile 
must  have  taken  place  before  1632, 
in  which  year  he  published  at  Am- 
sterdam, in  a  duodecimo  volume, 
"  The  way  to  peace  or  good  coun- 
sel for  it  :  preached  upon  the  15th 
day  of  the  second  month,  1632,  at 
the  reconciliation  of  certain  breth- 
ren, between  whom  there  had  been 
former  differences.'  (This  work  is 
not  included  in  the  catalogue  from 


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129 


Bibliotlieca  Brit;iiinica,  and  is  dated 
earlier  tliiiu  the  first  in  tlie  above 
list.)  The  particular  strife  he  allu- 
ded to  is  not  mentioned,  though  it 
probably  related  to  some  pointol'dis- 
cipline,  upon  which  the  Brownist 
churches  very  frequently  divided. 
Mr.  Canne's  next  publication  Avas 
'•  A  necessity  of  Separation  from  the 
Churcii  of  England,  proved  by  the 
Nonconformists  principles,  specially 
opposed  to  Dr.  Ames,  Dr.  Layton, 
Mr.  Duyrel,  IMr.  Bradshaw,  &c. 
Amst.  lG-34,  4to.  It  is  well  known 
that  most  of  the  Puritans  considered 
the  Church  of  England  to  be  a  true 
Church,  and  were  against  separa- 
tion, under  a  dread  ol' incurring  the 
guilt  of  schism.  Their  aim  was  di- 
rected chiefly  to  an  abatement  of 
some  of  the  ceremonies,  with  per- 
mission for  the  minister  to  leave 
out  such  parts  of  the  service  as 
were  obnoxious.  Being  unable  to 
obtain  this,  they  endeavored  to  pro- 
cure a  legal  toleration,  which  was 
also  denied  them,  upon  which  they 
judged  it  lawful  to  comply  so  far 
as  their  consciences  would  permit. 
Canne  was  quite  of  another  mind. 
He  thought  that  the  constitution 
of  the  church  itself  was  bad  ;  that ; 
the  fabric  Avas  reared  according  to  j 
the  original  at  Rome,  the  "  mother 
of  harlots,"  and  therefore  could  notj 
be  a  true  church ;  that  it  was  the 
duty  of  every  christian  to  withdraw  i 
from  her  abominations,  and  to  wor-  ^ 
ship  in  separate  societies,  formed 
after  the  model  of  the  primitive 
churches.  In  defence  of  these  prin- 
ciples he  wrote  the  above  treatise, 
and  likewise  another  in  1641,  en- 
titled, "  Zion's  Prerogative  Royal, 
or,  a  Treatise  tending  to  prove  that 
every  particular  congregation  hath 
from  Christ  absolute  and  entire , 
power  to  exercise  in,  and  of  her- ; 


I  self,  every  Ordinance  of  God  ;  and 
lis  an  independent  Body,  not  stand- 
'  ing  under  any  other  ecclesiastical 
Authoritie  out  of  itself  :  By  a  Well- 
wisher  to  the  Truth.  Amst.  1641. 
(This  also  is  omitted  by  Robert 
Watt,  and  in  our  catalogue  above.) 
Although  this  is  an  anonymous 
piece,  yet  Paget,  a  contemporary 
writer,  who  lived  in  the  same  place, 
and  could  not  easily  be  mistaken 
upon  that  point,  ascribes  it  to  Can- 
ne (in  Preface  to  Defence  of  Pres- 
byterian Church  Government.)  An- 
other work  by  Mr.  Canne,  upon  a 
subject  similar  to  what  we  have 
just  mentioned,  was  published  in 
1642,  under  the  title  of  a  "  Stay 
against  Straying,"  in  which  he  un- 
dertakes to  prove,  in  opposition  to 
Mr.  John  Robinson,  the  unlawful- 
ness of  hearing  the  ministers  of  the 
Church  of  England.  This  and  the 
former  piece  of  Mr.  Canne's  were 
replied  to,  by  Mr.  John  Ball,  a  ce- 
lebrated Puritan  divine,  in  a  work 
entitled,  "  An  Answer  to  two  Trea- 
tises of  Mr.  John  Can,"  &c.  Lond. 
1642,  4to.  Mr.  Neal  (Hist.  Pur. 
vol.  1.  p.  640,  4to.)  ascribes  the 
"  Stay  against  Straying"  to  this 
Mr.  Ball  ;  but  it  is  evident  from 
the  title  of  Mr.  Ball's  work,  which 
recites  the  title  of  both  Mr.  Canne's 
treatises  that  he  is  mistaken  (Biog. 
Brit.  Art.  Ball  John.)  This  "Stay 
Against  Straying"  swells  our  cata- 
logue again,  where  it  is  omitted. 
The  vigorous  proceedings  adopted 
against  the  Brownists  by  the  Go- 
vernment at  home,  having  depriv- 
ed them  of  the  means  of  subsisting 
upon  the  fruits  ol'  their  industry, 
and  separated  them  from  their 
friends  and  connections,  many  of 
them  were  reduced  to  great  poverty 
during  their  exile  in  Holland.  This 
they  have  themselves  stated  in    a 


ISO 


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HAYNES'  BAPTIST 


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very  aflfecting  manner,  (Epist.  Vi- 
ror.  Proestant.  at  Eurid.)  But  the 
consolations  of  religion  supported 
them  in  the  midst  of  all  their  dis- 
tress, which  produced,  neither  in- 
dolence nor  discontent.  "  We  have 
noticed,"  says  Wilson,  "  in  an  early 
part  of  our  work  (vol.  1.  p.  23)  the 
menial  employment  to  which  the 
learned  Ains worth  was  reduced  for 
a  subsistence.  Our  author  Canne, 
being  in  equally  destitute  circum- 
stances, was  forced  likewise  to  enter 
into  a  secular  engagement  for  a  live- 
lihood. The  occupation  to  which 
he  applied  himself  was  that  of  a 
printer,  from  which  it  is  probable 
that  he  might  have  derived  a  decent 
maintainance.  We  have  seen  a 
quarto  tract  of  his  printing,  the  title 
of  which,  on  account  of  its  singu- 
larity, we  shall  give  at  full  length. 
It  is  as  follows  :  "  Man's  Mortality, 
or  a  Treatise  wherein  'tis  proved 
both  Theologically  and  Philosophi- 
cally that  Whole  Man  (as  a  ration- 
al creature)  is  a  compound  wholly 
mortall ;  contrary  to  that  common 
distinction  of  Soul  and  Body.  And 
that  the  present  going  of  the  Soul 
into  Heaven  or  Hell  is  a  meer  fic- 
tion :  And  that  at  the  Resurrection 
is  the  Beginning  of  our  immortali- 
tie,  and  the  actual  condemnation 
and  salvation  and  not  before.  With 
all  doubts  and  objections  answered 
and  resolved  by  Scripture  and  Rea- 
son, discovering  the  Multitude  of 
Blasphemies  and  Absurdities  that 
arise  from  the  Fancie  of  the  Soule. 
Also  divers  other  Mysteries  of 
Heaven,  Hell,  Christ's  Humane  Re- 
sidence, the  extent  of  the  Resur- 
rection, the  new  Creation  opened, 
and  presented  to  the  Tryall  of  bet- 
ter Judgments.  By  R.  O.  Eccles.  iii. 
19.  Amsterdam,  printed  by  John 
Canne,  Anno  Dom.  1643." 


The  reputation  which  Mr.  Canne 
had  acquired  by  his  controversial 
writings,  raised  him  high  in  the 
esteem  of  the  Brownists,  and  he  is 
said  to  have  been  much  followed  in 
his  ministry  by  persons  of  that  per- 
suasion, and  by  other  strangers 
whose  business  led  them  to  Hol- 
land. The  Suiferings  of  the  Puri- 
tans having  subsided  in  his  own 
country,  the  hands  of  their  perse- 
cutors being  tied  up  by  the  Parlia- 
ment, many  of  the  English  exiles 
were  encouraged  to  return  home. 
It  should  seem  that  about  the  time 
of  the  meeting  of  the  long  Parlia- 
ment, Mr.  Canne  paid  a  visit  to  his 
native  country ,  but  his  abode  here 
was  not  long,  nor  did  lie  relinquish 
his  engagements  at  Amsterdam. 
Whilst  in  England  he  visited  the 
Churches  of  his  persuasion,  and  was 
the  means  of  collecting  some  into 
church  order.  The  records  of  the 
society  at  Broadmead  in  Bristol, 
which  separated  from  the  establish- 
ment in  1640,  mention  Canne  as 
having  first  settled  them  in  the  or- 
der of  a  Christian  Church.  His 
connexion  with  that  place  is  in- 
troduced thus  ;  "  The  providence  of 
God  brought  to  this  city  one  Mr. 
Canne,  a  baptized  man.  It  was  that 
Mr.  Canne  that  made  Notes  and 
References  on  the  Bible,"  &c.  Be- 
tween the  years  1641  and  1643,  he 
is  said  to  have  been  employed  in 
preaching  at  Bristol  and  Wester- 
leighs.  How  this  is  to  be  recon- 
ciled with  the  dates  of  some  of  his 
publications,  which  suppose  him  to 
have  been  in  Holland  during  that 
period,  we  are  at  a  loss  to  deter- 
mine. Indeed,  great  ambiguity 
hangs  over  not  only  this,  but  other 
parts  of  Mr.  Canne's  history. 

Some  circumstances  seenr  to  ren- 
der it  probable  that  Mr.  Canne  re- 


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131 


turned  back  veiy  soon  to  Holland, 
where  lie  engaged  in  that  great 
work,  which  contributed  most  to 
establish  his  lame  in  the  recollec- 
tion of  posterity.  This  was  his 
collection  of  marginal  references  to 
the  Bible.  It  appears  that  he  was 
the  author  of  three  sets  of  notes, 
which  accompanied  as  many  dif- 
ferent editions  of  the  sacred  text. 
The  date  of  the  first  edition  we 
have  not  been  able  to  ascertain. 
Lewis  does  not  appear  to  have  been 
acquainted  with  it.  Nor  do  we 
find  it  mentioned  by  any  subse- 
quent writer.  The  second  edition 
was  printed  by  him  at  Amsterdam 
in  1647,  and  dedicated  "  To  the 
Right  Honorable  Lords  and  Com- 
mons assembled  in  the  High  Court 
of  Parliament.''  In  the  title-page 
he  says,  "  Here  are  added  to  the 
former  Notes  in  the  Margin  many 
Hebraisms,  Diversitie  of  Readings 
with  Consonancie  of  Parallel  Scrip- 
tures taken  out  of  the  last  transla- 
tions, and  all  set  in  due  Order  and 
Place."  The  </«i/Y/ edition  which  is 
best  known,  and  has  been  often  re- 
printed, was  also  published  at  Am- 
sterdam, in  1664.  To  the  common 
title  is  added,  "with  Marginal 
Notes,  shewing  Scripture  to  be  the 
best  interpreter  of  Scripture."  In 
the  preface  the  author  says,  "  I  do 
not  know  any  way  whereby  the 
word  of  God  (as  to  the  majesty, 
authority,  truth,  perfection,  &c.  of 
it,)  can  be  more  honored  and  held 
forth,  and  the  adversaries  of  it  of  all 
sorts,  so  thoroughly  convinced  and 
silenced,  as  to  have  the  scripture  to 
be  its  own  interpreter.  This  I  am 
sure,  did  men  in  their  exposi- 
tions on  the  scriptures  speak  less 
themselves,  the  Scriptures  would 
have  more  honor  and  themselves 
less."  In  order  to  have  a  right  scrip- 


ture interpreter,  he  says,  it  will  be 
necessary  tiiatthe  i'oUowing  things 
should  be  attended  to:  "1.  That 
the  original  text  of  scripture  be 
rightly  translated,  and,  as  much 
as  possible,  even  word  for  word, 
without  departing  from  the  letter 
of  scripture  in  the  least.  For  it  is 
necessary  to  preserve  the  letter  en- 
tire, how  inconvenient,  yea  how  ab- 
surd soever  and  harsh  it  may  seem 
to  men's  carnal  reason,  because  the 
foolishness  of  God  is  wiser  than 
men.  (Lewis  in  his  History  of 
English  Translations  quotes  and 
repudiates  the  sentiment.)  2.  That 
scripture  metaphors  be  not  omitted 
nor  mistranslated,  one  for  another, 
but  rightly  opened.  3.  Concern- 
ing the  various  readings.  Here  all 
care,  study,  and  endeavour  ought 
to  be  used,  that  nothing  be  tiken 
but  what  is  breathed  by  the  spirit 
of  God  in  the  text.  4.  That  the 
genuine  and  proper  signification  of 
the  original  words  be  truly  opened, 
and  explained  ;  for  this  is  of  great 
use  and  furtherance  to  the  work  I 
mention.  5.  That  the  doubts  and 
seeming  differences  be  carefully 
heeded,  and  by  parallel  scriptures 
reconciled.  6.  That  some  words 
which  are  in  the  original  tongues 
left  untranslated,  be  translated,  and 
their  signification  opened.  For  how- 
soever such  word  to  some  may  seem 
unfruitful,  and  not'  afford  nmch 
matter  in  the  letter,  yet  according 
to  the  manifold  wishes  of  God,  and 
as  the  spiritual  manjudgeth,  there 
is  an  excellent  meaning  of  the 
spirit  in  them.  Lastly,  the  original 
particles  are  to  be  minded,  and 
special  notice  taken  of  them,  as  a 
thing  of  great  concernment,  to  shew 
the  connexion  of  the  text  and  con- 
text. There  are  other  particles  be- 
side these,"  continues  Mr.  Canne, 


132 


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HAYNES'  BAPTIST 


Ca 


"  but  I  shall  refer  them  to  another 
time  and  place  more  proper."  The 
grounds  of  his  eneouragement  in 
this  work  were.  1.  The  satisfac- 
tion he  felt  in  such  kind  of  studies. 
2.  The  prospect  it  afforded  of  spir- 
itual improvement  and  comfort.  3. 
And  above  all,  the  glory  that  would 
redound  to  God  from  the  success  of 
it.  In  the  conclusion  of  the  pre- 
face, Canne  intimated  his  intention 
to  set  forth  an  edition  of  the  Bible 
in  a  large  and  fair  character,  with 
large  annotations,  to  comprise  all 
that  he  had  written  concerning  a 
Scripture  Interpreter  ;  a  work  that 
he  says  he  had  been  many  years 
engaged  upon  and  that  would  still 
require  care  and  time.  He  after- 
wards intimates  that  it  was  ready 
and  prepared  for  the  press,  so  that 
if  the  Lord  took  him  away  before 
it  was  published,  what  remained  of 
the  copy  unprinted,  he  should  leave 
in  such  hands  as  would,  he  doubted 
not,  be  both  careful  and  faithful  in 
accomplishing  his  intentions.  By 
this  it  should  seem  as  if  this  larger 
work  was  actually  in  the  press,  or 
indeed  very  shortly  to  go  thither  ; 
but  that  it  was  ever  published  seems 
very  doubtful.  Canne's  references 
are  exceedingly  apposite  and  judi- 
cious ;  but  the  later  editions,  though 
printed  in  his  name,  have  the  mar- 
gin crowded  w^ith  so  many  referen- 
ces, besides  his  own,  that  the  reader 
is  perplexed  instead  of  being  instruc- 
ted by  them.  In  these  three  edi- 
tions, as  well  as  in  some  subsequent 
ones,  the  Apochrypha  is  omitted. 

After  the  death  of  Charles  I. 
and  the  establishment  of  a  Com- 
monwealth, Mr.  Canne  appears  to 
have  returned  again  to  England,  and 
to  have  been  employed  in  collecting 
the  weekly  news.  His  principles, 
however,  gave  great  offence  to  the 


government,  and  he  was  often  in 
trouble  on  account  of  them.  Wri- 
ters are  greatly  divided  with  res- 
pect to  Mr.  Canne's  religious  opi- 
nions. Some  have  supposed  him 
an  Independent,  whilst  others  con- 
sider him  to  have  been  a  Baptist. 
Crosby  is  in  doubt  upon  the  point, 
although  he  found  his  name  in 
a  manuscript  list  of  persons,  who 
left  the  established  Church  and 
joined  the  Baptists.  (Crosby,  vol. 
3,  p.  38.)  In  Holland  he  was  con- 
sidered a  Brownist,  without  regard 
to  any  other  distinction ;  and  the 
churches  he  was  connected  with 
in  England,  appear  to  have  admit- 
ted mixed  communion.  There 
is  some  reason,  however,  to  sup- 
pose that  he  became  a  Baptist, 
and  the  fact  seems  to  be  plainly 
stated  in  the  records  of  the  Church 
at  Broadmead.  Bishop  Kennet 
calls  him  a  Quaker,  (Histor.  Reg. 
p.  73,)  though  upon  what  ground 
it  seems  very  difficult  to  imagine. 
His  lordship  is  by  no  means  accu- 
rate in  his  designation  of  persons 
who  did  not  belong  to  his  own 
church,  and  in  estimating  their 
conduct,  he  is  too  often  governed 
by  credulity,  or  some  worse  princi- 
ple. Mr.  Canne's  antipathy  to  the 
tything  system  is  by  no  means 
sufficient  to  constitute  him  a  Qua- 
ker. As  well  might  we  term  his 
lordship  a  Jew  or  a  Mahomedan. 
(A  Mahomedan  '  believes  in  the 
unity  of  God  ;  but  the  bishop  be- 
lieved in  the  unity  of  God  ;  there- 
fore, his  lordship  was  a  Mahome- 
dan, would  be  an  idle  use  of  logic 
to  say.)  There  may  be  greater 
reason  for  charging  Mr.  Canne 
with  the  milleniary  or  fifth  mon- 
archy notions,  (His.  Reg.  p.  363, 
bad  authority — the  bishop  Kennet 
again,)  to  which  many  (some,  per- 


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133 


haps)  of  the  Baptists,  and  some  few  I  only  observe,  that  with  all  defer- 
of  the  Independents,  were  at  that  ence  to  that  learned  and  religious 
period  addicted.  Now  that  we  person,  he  might  be  too  ready  to 
have  mentioned  the  name  of  bishop  give  implicit  credit  to  any  idle  tale 
Kennet,  it  may  be  the  properest;  that  was  related  concerning  an  ad- 
place  to  introduce  another  passage  versary  whose  opinions  he  was 
of  his  relating  to    Mr.  Canne,  al- Irfjombating.     Mr.  Ball,  though   ad- 


though  it  savours  so  much  of  the 
ridiculous,  that  we  are  by  no 
means  disposed  to  give  it  implicit 
credit.  The  passage  is  this  :  "  If 
men  will  set  themselves  only  to 
find  faults,  it  is  impossible  in  the 


verse  to  the  rites  and  ceremonies 
of  the  Church  of  England,  was 
against  separating  from  her  com- 
munion. 

We  have  but  little  inil  rmation 
respecting  Mr.   Canne  during  the 


state  of  things  they  should  ever  be  years   that    he    was    in    England, 
pleased.       And    if    they   separate  after  the  death  of  Charles  I.     He 


where  they  see  any  thing  amiss, 
they  must  follow  his  example, 
who  pursued  this  principle  so  far, 
till  he  withdrew  from  all  society, 
lest  he  should  communicate  with 
them  in  their  sin :  in  which  con- 
dition he  continued  till  his  children 
lay  dead  in  the  house,  and  he  be- 
came utterly  unable  to  help  him- 
self And  because  no  human  in- 
vention were  to  be  allowed  about 
the  worship  of  God,  he  cut  out  of 
his  Bible  the  contents  of  the  chap- 
ters, and  titles  of  the  leaves,  and 
so  left  the  bare  text  without  bind- 
ing or  covers."  (Histor.  Reg.  p. 
744.)  To  say  nothing  of  the 
Bishop's  inconclusive  reasoning  in 


probably  employed  himself  in  com- 
posing and  publishing  various 
works  which  have  not  come  to  our 
knowledge.  The  first  piece  of  his 
during  that  period,  of  which  we 
have  any  notice,  is  entitled,  "  The 
Time  of  the  End,"  12mo.  1657. 
It  is  prefaced  by  Charles  Feake, 
and  John  Rogers ;  two  persons  of 
great  note  amongst  the  republicans 
and  fifth  monarchy  men  of  that 
time.  Mr.  Canne  intimates  in 
this  book  that  he  was  then  in  a 
state  of  banishment  from  Hull ; 
"  after  seventeen  years  banishment 
before."  We  know  nothing  of  his 
connexion  with  that  town,  al- 
though it  .seems   from  this  that  he 


the  former  part  of  this  quotation,  preached  there  after  he  came  over 
the  sequel    describes  a  species  of  j  to  Ensfland  in  1640.     Mr.  Canne's 


conduct  rather  too  inconsistent  for 
a  person  who  both  wrote  and  pub- 
lished marginal  references  and  an- 
notations to  the  Bible.  Yet  this 
absurd  part  is  quoted  by  Dr.  Gray, 
(Examin.  Neal's  2nd  vol.  p.  231,) 
with  full  credence,  and  by  way  of 


notions  of  a  fifth  monarchy,  or  of 
the  personal  reign  of  King  Jesus, 
to  supersede  the  governments  of 
this  world,  having  influenced  some 
persons  of  his  party  and  principles, 
to  take  the  civil  sword,  in  order  to 
overthrow  Cromwell's  government. 


illustration,  as  we  suppose  of  Mr.  it  is  not  surprising  that  he  fell  into 
Neal,  whom  he  professes  to  ex-  trouble  upon  that  account.  In  the 
amine.  By  the  margin  of  Ken-  year  1658,  there  was  published,  in 
net's  book,  it  appears  that  Mr.  quarto,  "  A  Narrative,  wherein  is 
Ball  was  his  authority  for  the  faithfully  set  forth  the  sufferings  of 
above  story;  upon  which  we  shall  John  Ca««e,Wentworth Day, John 


134 


G'a 


HAYNES'  BAPTIST 


Clarke,  John  Belcher,  John  Ric- 
ard,  Robert  Boggis,  Peter  Kidd, 
Richard  Brycaton,  and  George 
Strange,  called,  (as  their  News- 
book  saith,)  Fifth  Monarchy  men. 
That  is,  how  eight  of  them  were 
taken  in  Coleman-street,  month' 
second,  called  April,  first  day,  1658, 
as  they  were  in  the  solemn  wor- 
ship of  God,  and  by  the  Lord 
Mayor  sent  prisoners  to  the  Coun- 
ter, in  the  Poultry.  Also  of  the 
arraignment  of  Wentworth  Day 
and  John  Clarke,  at  the  sessions 
in  the  Old  Bailey ;  and  how  the 
rest,  after  three  weeks'  imprison- 
ment and  more,  were  discharged 
in  their  court.  Published  by  a 
Friend  to  the  Prisoners  and  the 
good  old  cause  they  suffered  for." 
(Kennet's  Reg.  p.  863.)  In  order 
to  estimate  justly  the  nature  and 
value  of  particular  occurrences,  it 
is  necessary  to  take  into  consider- 
ation the  various  events  with 
which  they  stand  immediately 
connected.  It  may  be  proper  to 
inform  the  reader,  that  at  the 
opening  of  the  year  1658,  Venner, 
and  some  other  persons  professing 
the  fifth-monarchy  principles,  en- 
tered into  a  conspiracy  to  overturn 
the  Protector's  governnrent,  under 
the  absurd  idea  that  it  stood  in  the 
way  of  the  spiritual  monarchy, 
which  they  were  commissioned  to 
establish.  (Complete  Hist.  Eng. 
vol.  3,  p.  206.)  Surely  these  in- 
fetuated  persons,  but  little  consi- 
dered how  incompatible  is  violence 
with  the  pacific  character  of  Mes- 
siah's reign.  Their  plot  was  dis- 
covered in  sufficient  time  to  be  de- 
feated, and  the  authors  of  it  spared 
to  create  fresh  disturbances  under 
a  regal  government,  from  which 
they  met  with  less  lenity.  It  may 
be  mentioned  to  Cromwell's  honor. 


that  although  the  fifth-monarchists 
had  dethroned  him  in  principle, 
yet  he  never  interfered  with  them 
until  they  had  committed  a  direct 
breach  of  the  peace.  How  far  Mr. 
Canne  was  implicated  in  these 
civil  commotions  we  have  no  in- 
formation to  determine  ;  but  that 
he  suffered  for  them  is  not  surpris- 
ing. It  arose  out  of  his  connex- 
ions." We  shall  not  repeat  what 
we  have  recorded  under  Art.  Bare- 
hone,  that  all  this  is  mere  fustian 
and  assumption  as  to  fifth-mon- 
archism,  as  all  of  Canne's  writings 
show  that  he  believed  otherwise. 
No,  he  was  a  Baptist  and  opposed 
to  usurpation  by  Cromwell,  or  by 
king.  Another  of  Mr.  Canne's 
publications,  and  the  last  that  we 
are  acquainted  with,  related  to 
tythes.  It  was  published  in  1659, 
in  quarto,  and  entitled  "  An  In- 
dictment against  tythes :  or,  Tythes 
no  Wages  for  Gospel  Ministers. 
Wherein  is  declared  :  1.  The  time 
when  Tythes  were  first  given  in 
England.  2.  By  whom,  and  by 
whose  authority  and  power  Tythes 
were  first  given,  and  after  continued 
in  England.  3.  Ministers  pretend- 
ing a  threefold  right  to  Tythes,  by 
Donation  ;  2.  By  the  Laws  of  the 
Nation ;  and  3,  By  the  Law  of 
God,  examined  and  confirmed,  by 
John  Oshurn,  a  lover  of  the  Truth, 
as  it  is  in  Jesus.  To  which  are 
added.  Certain  Reasons  taken  out 
of  Dr.  Burgess,  his  Case,  concern- 
ing buying  of  Bishop's  Lands, 
which  are  as  full  and  directly 
against  Tythes,  as  to  what  he  ap- 
plied them.  Likewise,  a  Query  to 
William  Prynne,  by  John  Canne." 
Bishop  Kennet,  who  gives  us  the 
title  of  this  book  likewise  cites 
the  concluding  part  of  the  Epistle 
to  the  reader,   for  the   purpose  of 


identifying  the  cause  of  Tythes 
with  that  of  kingly  government. 
It  says,  "  Whatsoever  encourage- 
ment is  given  to  the  continuance 
of  tythes,  yet  this  we  know,  that 
they  who  cry  out  loudest  for  them 
are,  for  the  most  part,  for  a  single 
person,  or  for  the  interest  of 
Charles  Stewart,  I  say  more  a  great 
deal  for  a  king  than  for  a  free 
Commonwealth. ' 

After  the  restoration,  Mr.  Canne 
retired  to  Holland,  and  returned 
to  his  former  residence  at  Amster- 
dam, where  he  committed  to  the 
press,  the  third  edition  of  his  Bi- 
ble in  1664.  We  hear  nothing 
further  of  him  after  this,  but  in  all 
likelihood  he  died  there.  Hist. 
Dissent.  Churches.  Crosby,  Ivi- 
mey,  Enc.  Rel.  Knol.,  Bib.  Brit. 

CATABAPTISM.  See  Article 
GOODWIN,  John. 

CATABAPTIST.  See  Article 
BULLINGER,  Henry. 

CARPENTER,  Richard,  B.  D., 
a  poet  and  divine  who  flourished 
about  the  middle  of  the  17th  cen- 
tury. Among  his  published  works 
was  one  entitled — "  The  Anabap- 
tist Washed  and  Shrunk  in  the 
Washing."  Lond.  1642,  8vo.  Bib. 
Brit. 

CASSANDER,  George,  a  learn- 
ed Popish  divine,  born  1515,  in  the 
Isle  of  Cadsand,  near  Bruges, 
whence  he  took  his  name  ;  died 
1566.  Among  his  works  was  one 
entitled — De  Baptismo  Infantium. 
Col.  1563,  8vo.  His  works  were 
collected  and  published  in  folio, 
Paris,  1616.  Bayle,  in  his  Dic- 
tionary, mentions  this  author  in 
such  a  manner  as  to  indicate  that 
he  must  have  written  some  other 
work  concerning  Anabaptists.  See 
Art.  Anabaptists  in  Bayle,  note  (k.) 
and   Art.    Bayle,   Peter,  in  Bap. 


Cyclopaedia  and  Bib.  Brit,  under 
his  name. 

CRAWDRY,  Daniel.  This  wri- 
ter's publications  are  dated  i'rom 
1624  to  1661.  He  wrote  against 
Independency,  Dr.  Hainmons,  Dr. 
Owen,  and  Schims  ;  also  a  work  en- 
titled— An  answer  to  Mr.  G.  Fir- 
micus'  Questions  concerning  the 
Baptising  the  Children  of  such 
Parents  which  say  they  believe  in 
Jesus  Christ.  Lond.  1652.  Bib. 
Brit.  This  author  is  quoted  by 
Booth,  as  follows  : — 

"  The  Scriptures  are  not  clear, 
that  Infant  Baptism  was  an  Apos- 
tolical practice."  Cro.sby's  Hist. 
Bap.  vol.  2,  p.  53,  Pref  Booth  in 
Paidobaptism  Examined,  p.  171- 
172. 

CARY.  This  author  is  men- 
tioned in  BibliothecaBritannica,  as 
publishing  a  work  entitled— Solemn 
call  to  Baptism,   1690,  8vo. 

CAREY,  or  CARY,  Phil,  author 
of— Reply  to  R.  Burthegye  on  In- 
fant Baptism.  Lond.  1684,  l2mo. 
Bib.  Brit. 

CAREY,  John,  born  in  August 
1729,  in  Westmoreland  county, 
Virginia;  died  2nd  June,  1»42,  in 
his  114th  year.  He  was  of  purely 
African  descent,  free-born.  His 
mother  had  been  a  slave,  but  was 
emancipated  before  his  birth.  In 
a  memoir  of  him  by  Rev.  O.  B. 
Brown,  of  Washington,  D.  C, 
which  appeared  in  the  Baptist 
Memorial,  published  in  New- York 
for  September  1842,  the  writer 
says  :  "  General  Washington,  who 
was  born  in  the  same  county,  and 
was  two  years  and  a  hall'  younger 
than  John,  was  much  pleased  with 
him  from  his  youth,  for  his  energy, 
his  fidelity,  and  his  decision  of 
character  ;  traits  which  Washing- 
ton   knew   how   to    appreciate  as 


136 


Ca 


HAYNES'  BAPTIST 


well  in  an  humble  African,  as  in 
one  of  his  own  complexion  ;  and 
in  his  earliest  military  campaigns, 
employed  him  as  his  personal  ser- 
vant. In  this  capacity,  he  was 
with  General,  then  Colonel  Wash- 
ington, on  the  battle-field  of  Mon- 
ougahela,  on  the  9th  of  July,  1755, 
when  General  Braddock  was  de- 
feated and  slain,  and  where  Wash- 
ington, by  his  ability  and  prudence, 
saved  the  wreck  of  the  British 
army,  and  laid  the  foundation  of 
his  future  military  fame.  He  con- 
tinued with  Washington  to  the 
close  of  his  military  services  in 
tliat  war.  When  Washington  was 
appointed  commander-in-chief  of 
the  revolutionary  army,  the  faithful 
John  Carey  accompanied  him  to 
the  field,  and  was  with  him  in  all 
his  military  career  as  generalisimo 
of  the  republican  forces.  Some- 
times he  served  in  the  ranks  of  the 
army,  and  sometimes  he  was  the 
personal  attendant  of  his  revered 
General.  He  loved  General  Wash- 
ington as  a  child  loves  his  father  ; 
and  till  within  a  short  time  of  his 
death,  he  would  talk  of  scenes  and 
battles  of  both  the  wars,  with  a 
memory  as  perfect  as  of  events 
just  past ;  and  in  such  minute  ac- 
cordance with  the  records  of  his- 
tory, as  to  show  that  he  had  been 
a  close  observer  of  the  deeds  of  the 
great  Washington.  At  the  close 
of  the  revolutionary  war,  when 
taking  leave  of  his  commander. 
General  Washington  presented 
him  one  of  his  military  coats,  the 
same  which  he  had  worn  in  the 
seige  of  Yorktown,  when  he  con- 
sumated  his  military  glory,  as  a 
token  of  his  approbation  and  es- 
teem of  the  fidelity  of  this  devoted 
servant  and  patriot.  This  coat, 
John    often    wore    to    church,    till 


within  the  last  fifteen  years.  He 
set  a  value  upon  it  above  all  price, 
as  a  memento  of  his  beloved  gene- 
ral ;  and  though  reduced  to  ex- 
treme poverty,  no  off'ers  of  money 
could  induce  him  to  part  with  it. 
John  was  full  six  feet  high,  about 
the  size  of  the  general  he  had 
served,  and  the  coat  suited  him 
quite  well.  He  died  in  its  posses- 
sion, and  the  coat  is  quite  a  curi- 
osity. It  is  of  a  coarse  texture,  a 
fair  sample  of  the  times  in  which 
it  covered  the  greatest  national 
chieftain  that  ever  lived,  in  the  per- 
son of  the  commander  of  the  armies 
of  a  new  republican  empire,  strug- 
gling for  existence.  It  is  of  blue 
cloth  with  buff  facings  and  large 
flat  gilt  buttons  ;  in  the  same 
fashion  of  that  in  the  National 
Institute,  which  he  wore  when  he 
resigned  his  commission. 

Alter  the  war,  John  Carey  resi- 
ded in  Westmoreland  county,  Vir- 
ginia, for  many  years,  where  he 
became  a  hopeful  subject  of  divine 
grace,  and  was  baptized  by  ^the 
late  Rev.  Henry  Toler.  He  after- 
wards removed  to  Washington ; 
and  for  the  last  twenty-eight  years 
of  his  life,  he  has  been  an  exem- 
plary member  of  the  first  Baptist 
church  in  this  city.  His  piety  has 
never  been  doubted  by  those  who 
knew  him.  He  was  always  clear 
in  the  doctrine  of  salvation  by  the 
grace  of  God,  and  the  Lord  Jesus 
Christ ;  and  as  he  advanced  in 
years,  that  Saviour  who  first  taught 
him  to  hope  in  his  mercy,  became 
more  and  more  precious  to  his  soul. 
If  martial  scenes  which  engrossed 
a  full  portion  of  his  earlier  man- 
hood, often  recurred  to  the  memory 
of  his  declining  years  with  enliven- 
ing interest,  the  manifestation  of 
our  Saviour's  love,  and  the  prospect 


CYCLOPAEDIA. 


Ca 


137 


which  it  opened  to  him  of  briijliter 
scenes  than  mortal  vision  could 
endure,  would  often  kindle  his 
soul  into  rapture.  He  retained  his 
faculties  renuxrkably  well  for  his 
age,  though  infirmities  of  such  a 
weight  of  years  necessarily  weak- 
ened the  powers  of  his  mind  ;  and 
to  the  last  period  of  his  mortal  life, 
he  manifested  an  unsliaken  confi- 
dence in  God  his  Saviour,  which 
bore  him  triumphantly  through 
the  vale  of  death. 

Since  the  decline  of  life  deprived 
him  of  strength  to  labor,  he  has 
subsisted  partly  on  the  bounties  of 
the  benevolent,  but  in  a  great  mea- 
sure  upon  the  regular  allowance 
made  him  by  the  Church  to  which 
he  belonged.  The  military  roll  in 
which  his  name  stood  during  the 
revolutionary  war,  is  believed  to 
have  been  destroyed  when  the  war 
office  was  burnt  in  1801  :  and  for 
want  of  the  evidence  required  he 
was  never  placed  on  the  pension 
list.  At  an  early  period  of  the  late 
se.ssion  of  Congress,  the  Hon.  G. 
W.  Briggs,  of  Massachusetts,  be- 
coming acquainted  with  his  char- 
acter and  condition,  brought  for- 
ward a  joint  resolution  to  grant  him 
a  pension  for  the  remainder  of  his 
life,  which  passed  the  house  of  Re- 
presentatives, but  in  the  Senate  it 
was  lost.  When  that  resolution 
was  pending,  the  writer  of  this  told 
him  what  Mr.  Briggs  was  doing. 
He  responded  with  a  prayer,  that 
the  Lord  would  reward  Mr.  Briggs 
for  his  kindness  to  a  poor  unwor- 
thy servant  of  God  ;  but,  added  he, 
"  I  need  but  little,  and  but  for  a 
little  time."  The  Lord  however 
raised  him  friends,  and  he  did  not 
sufl'er  while  he  lived.  He  left  a 
wife  aged  about  threescore  years 
and  ten,  who  gave  all  the  assistance 


he  needed  in  his  infirmity.  The 
last  Sabbath  of  his  life  he  walked 
out  and  attended  the  public  wor- 
ship of  God.  On  Monday  morning 
he  told  his  wife  he  should  leave  her 
this  week,  for  his  Lord  had  called 
him,  and  he  should  cheerfully  obey 
the  summons.  Monday  night,  he 
was  taken  with  a  chill,  whicli  prov- 
ed the  cessation  of  vitality.  He  con- 
tinued however  till  Friday  night, 
when  he  fell  asleep. 

While  on  earth  he  lived  obscure- 
ly great ;  for  he  glorified  God  in  his 
body  and  spirit ;  in  the  depth  of 
poverty  he  enjoyed  the  blessing  of 
royalty  ;  for  God  his  Saviour  resi- 
ded with  him  and  lived  in  his 
heart.  In  the  confidence  of  faith,  he 
realized  that  he  was  born  a  prince 
of  the  Kingdom  of  God.  God  was 
his  Father  ;  Christ  his  brother ; 
angels  were  his  ministers  ;  and  hea- 
ven was  his  destimition.  In  the 
assurance  of  this  hope,  he  lived 
above  the  world,  waiting  for  the 
happy  moment  which  should  change 
his  faith  to  vision,  and  consummate 
his  hope  in  glory." 

The  Rev.  Dr.  Cone  prefaced  this 
memoir,  which  he  requested  to  be 
transferred  from  the  Religious  Her- 
ald of  Va.  to  the  Memorial,  as  Ibl- 
lows  :  "  John  Carey  was  received  a 
memberof  the  first  Baptist  Church, 
AVashington  City,  within  a  few 
months  of  the  time  when  I  united 
with  it ;  and  having  been  myself 
engaged  from  1812  to  1814,  in 
defending  our  common  Country 
against  an  invading  foe,  I  could 
not  but  feel  a  special  regard  for  the 
man  who  had  waited  upon  the  per- 
son of  Washington,  throughout  the 
Revolutionary  struggle.  I  rejoice 
to  know,  that  John  enjoyed  the  in- 
finitely higher  honor  oi"  waiting 
upon  the  Great  Captain  of  our  Sal- 


138 


Ca 


HAYNES'  BAPTIST 


Ca 


vation,  to  the  day  of  his  death ; 
who,  according  to  his  promise, 
brought  off  the  old  soldier  at  last 
more  than  a  conqueror.  Bap.  Mem- 
orial, vol.  2,  p.  26o,  267. 

CAREY,  William,  D.  D.  This 
eminent  man,  the  pioneer  of  mo- 
dern missions,  and  in  many  respects 
the  most  wonderful  man  of  the  age, 
was  born  August  17,  17(51.  He  was 
the  son  of  a  poor  man,  and  com- 
menced business  in  life  himself  as 
a  shoemaker.  Upon  his  conversion 
he  set  himself  to  learn  the  original 
langunges  of  Scripture,  and  became 
the  minister  of  a  Baptist  congrega- 
tion in  Moulton,  England,  support- 
ing himself  at  first  by  his  trade  and 
then  by  teaching  a  school. 

Yet  with  him  was  the  germ  of  a 
new  age !  As  he  became  more  ac- 
quainted with  the  condition  of  the 
various  nations  of  the  earth,  by 
reading  the  narratives  of  voyagers 
and  travellers,  he  felt  great  concern 
for  the  state  of  the  heathen. 

He  now  longed  to  commence  a 
Baptist  mission.  At  length  a  friend 
in  Birmingham  told  him  to  write 
on  the  subject,  and  promised  ten 
pounds  towards  the  expense  of  print- 
ing. He  did  so,  and  the  pamphlet 
was  printed.  This  treatise  was  en- 
titled, "  An  Inquiry  into  the  Obli- 
gations of  Christians  to  use  means 
tor  the  Conversion  ol'  the  Heathen." 
The  profits  of  this  work  were  gene- 
rously given  towards  increasing  the 
funds  of  the  nussionary  society, 
which  was  soon  afterwards  formed. 
At  this  time  he  had  gained  an  un- 
common knowledge  of  Latin,  Greek, 
Hebrew,  French,  Dutch,  Italian,  &c. 
evincing  that  wonderlul  facility  in 
the  acquisition  of  tongues,  by  which 
God  had  endowed  him  and  raised 
him  up  for  the  great  work  of  Bible 
translation.     The  missionary  spirit 


continued  to  rise  among  his  associ- 
ated brethren,  among  whom  were 
Fuller,  Pearce,  Ryland,  Sutcliffe, 
&c.,  till,  in  May,  1792,  he  preached 
before  the  Northamptonshire  asso- 
ciation, at  Nottingham,  a  discourse 
of  overwhelming  energy  from  Isa. 
54  :  23,  on  the  obligations  of  the 
church  to  expect  great  things  from 
God,  and  to  attempt  great  things 
FOR  God.  The  effect  Wcxs  irresisti- 
ble. The  association  instantly  re- 
solved to  prepare  a  plan  for  a  Bap- 
tist missionary  society.  "  The  so- 
ciety was  formed,"  says  Dr.  Ryland, 
"  in  Mr.  Beeby  Wallis'  back  parlor, 
October  2,  1792." 

When  the  society  was  formed, 
the  first  questions  presented  were, 
In  what  part  of  the  heathen  world 
shall  the  work  be  commenced  ?  and 
who  will  offer  themselves  as  the 
first  laborers  in  this  irntried  and  ha- 
zardous undertaking  ?  The  arrival 
of  Mr.  John  Thomas  from  Ilindos- 
tan,  and  the  application  by  him  to 
the  society  for  their  assistance  in 
proclaiming  the  gospel  in  that  coun- 
try, decided  the  first  point,  and  Mr. 
Carey  promptly  volunteering  to  ac- 
company Mr.  Thomas,  the  society 
M'as  enabled  to  enter  on  the  work 
of  evangelizing  the  world,  within 
a  very  comparatively  short  period 
after  its  formation. 

Messrs.  Carey  and  Thomas  left 
England  for  India  in  1793. 

Dr.  Carey  came  to  India  in  a 
Danish  ship,  without  obtaining  the 
consent  of  the  East  India  company. 
When  Dr.  Carey  came  into  Bengal, 
therefore,  it  was  a  principal  object 
with  him  to  conceal  himself  from 
the  knowledge  of  government :  and 
for  a  little  time  he  occupied  him- 
self in  the  cultivation  of  recently 
redeemed  jungle  lands  near  Takee, 
about  forty  miles  east  from  Calcut- 


Ca 


CYCLOPEDIA. 


Ca 


139 


ta ;  and  here  he  was  exposed  to 
much  suffering.  A  few  months 
al'terwards,  however,  he  was  invited 
by  tlie  late  Mr.  Udny  to  take  cliarge 
of  an  indigo  factory,  and  his  col- 
league obtained  a  similar  situation. 
Through  the  kindness  of  their  em- 
ployer, too,  they  obtained  I'ormal 
permission  from  government  to  con- 
tinue in  India.  Dr.  Carey  contin- 
ued thus  situated  fronr  1794  to  the 
beginning  of  ISOO  ;  during  which 
time  he  applied  himself  diligently 
to  the  study  of  the  Bengalee  lan- 
guage and  then  of  the  Sungskrit. 
He  translated  the  Scriptures  into 
Bengalee,  preached  the  gospel  in 
it  extensively,  and  supported  seve- 
ral schools. 

On  the  10th  of  January.  1800, 
Dr.  Carey  came  to  Serampore,  and 
united  with  Dr.  Marshman,  Mr. 
AVard,  and  others,  lately  arrived 
from  Europe,  in  forming  the  mis- 
sion w^iich  has  since  borne  the  name 
of  this  town.  In  the  first  year  of 
his  residence  at  Serampore,  Dr. 
Carey's  translation  of  the  New  Tes- 
tament was  nearly  all  printed  ;  and 
the  first  Christian  converts  from 
Hindooisni  in  Bengal  were  baptized. 
The  Christian  church  which  was 
then  begun  with  a  few  individual 
believers  in  the  gospel,  has  now 
branched  into  about  twenty-four 
churches  in  different  parts  of  India. 

In  1801,  Dr.  Carey  was  chosen 
as  Bengalee  teacher  in  the  newly 
instituted  college  of  Fort  William. 
He  was  afterwards  appointed  pro- 
fessor of  Sungskrit  and  INIahratta, 
and  by  this  means  he  acquired  an 
intimacy  with  learned  pundits  from 
all  parts  of  India.through  whom,  in 
the  conrse  of  years,  he  was  enabled 
to  translate  the  Scriptures  into  all 
the  principal  languages  of  northern 
Hindostan.  For  the  students  in  the 


[college,  he  had  to  compile  gram- 
mars of  the  languages  he  taught 
jthenr;  and  after  many  year.s  he 
completed  his  voluminous  Benga- 
lee dictionary.  He  was  not  less 
celebrated  as  a  man  of  science.  Bo- 
tany and  natural  history  he  began 
to  study  long  before  lie  left  Eng- 
land ;  and  India  opened  to  him  a 
wide  field  of  observation,  which  he 
examined  with  untiring  assiduity 
from  his  first  arrival  until  his 
strength  utterly  failed  him. 

As  a  philanthropist,  Dr.  Carey  is 
entitled  to  a  high  rank.  He  sought 
and  gained  the  prevention  of  infan- 
ticide at  Gunga  Saugur.  He  was 
amongst  the  first,  if  not  the  first, 
that  engaged  in  seeking  the  aboli- 
tion of  suttees,  and  chiefiy  through 
his  exertions  the  marquis  of  Well- 
esley  left  to  his  successors  in  the 
government  of  India,  minutes,  de- 
claring his  conviction  that  suttees 
might  and  ought  to  be  abolished. 
Had  he  continued  in  the  govern- 
ment he  would  have  abolished 
them.  Dr.  Carey  also  took  an  ac- 
tive part  in  attempting  the  esta- 
blishment of  a  leper  hospital  in 
Calcutta.  He  was  the  founder  of 
the  Agricultural  society.  And  in- 
deed scarcely  any  undertaking  for 
the  benefit  of  the  country  has  been 
engaged  in,  of  which  he  was  not 
either  a  prime  mover  or  a  zealous 
promoter. 

It  was,  however,  as  a  Christian, 
a  missionary,  and  a  translator  of 
the  sacred  Scriptures,  that  Dr.  Carey 
shone  pre-eminently.  Their  obli- 
gations to  him  in  these  respects  the 
people  of  India  have  yet  in  a  great 
degree  to  learn.  They  will  how- 
ever learn  them  ;  and  future  gene- 
rations will  arise  to  bless  his  name. 
All  Bengalees  at  least  may  thank 
him  for  this  ;  before   his  days,  the 


140 


Ca 


HAYNES'  BAPTIST 


Ca 


Bengalee  language  was  unknown, 
and  had  never  been  reduced  to 
grammatical  rule.  Pundits  would 
not  write  it,  and  there  was  scarcely 
a  hook  in  it  vv^orth  reading.  It  is 
now  rich,  refined,  and  expressive  ; 
and  scholarship  in  it  is  generally 
sought  both  by  natives  and  foreign- 
ers, and  to  Dr.  Carey  and  the  pun- 
dits whom  he  employed,  and  whose 
labors  he  directed,  the  change  is 
principally  owing. 

Of  the  extent  of  his  labors  in  the 
great  work  of  enabling  every  mem- 
ber of  the  family  of  man  to  read  in 
his  own  tongue  the  wonderful 
works  of  God,  some  idea  may  be 
formed  when  we  state,  that  the 
Seranrpore  press,  in  supplying 
which  with  various  versions  of  the 
sacred  Scriptures  he  was  the  chief 
instrument,  has  issued  not  less 
than  212,000  volumes  of  the  divine 
word  in  forty  difterent  languages, 
embracing  the  vernacular  tongues 
of  270,000,000  of  human  beings  ; 
besides  the  circulation  of  above 
seventy  tracts,  translated  by  the 
Serampore  missionaries  into  nine 
different  languages ;  the  publica- 
tion of  a  Bengalee  newspaper, 
which  has  taken  a  powerful  and 
most  beneficial  hold  of  the  minds 
of  the  natives  ;  and  a  great  many 
other  works,  interesting  alike  to 
the  oriental  scholar,  and  to  the 
friends  of  Christian  missions. 

In  prospect  of  his  approaching 
end,  the  good  man  olten  said  to  his 
beloved  friends  around  him,  when 
anxiously  inquiring  the  state  of 
his  mind,  in  the  prospect  of  this 
event,  "  I  have  no  raptures,  but  I 
have  no  fears ;  for  the  cross  and 
atonement  of  Christ  are  my  all- 
sufficient  ground  of  hope  and  joy." 

He  died  June  9,  1834,  full' of 
years,  and  honor,  and  happiness. 


His  last  articulate  breath  was  that 
of  fervent  praise  and  prayer.  A 
well-written  histoiy  of  his  Ijfe 
would  include  the  whole  history 
of  modern  benevolent  enterprise. 
Ryland'sLife  of  Fuller ;  Samacher 
Diirpun  of  Calcutta;  Boston  Recor- 
der;  S.  S.  Journal.    Enc.  Rel.Knol. 

CAREY,  Felix,  son  of  Dr.  Wil- 
liam Carey  the  missionary,  was 
born  in  1786  ;  assisted  his  father 
in  his  pious  labors  in  Bengal ;  and 
died  at  Serampore,  in  1822. 
Among  his  works  were,  a  Gram- 
mar and  Dictionary  of  the  Burmau 
Language,  unfortunately  lost  at 
sea  in  1812 ;  a  Pali  Grammar ; 
and  other  philological  productions. 
Davenport. 

CAMERON.  Author  of— The 
Evidence  for  Infant  Baptism  Ex- 
amined. Another  English  Baptist 
mentioned  by  Benedict,  p.  207. 

CASWELL.  Author  of— Bap- 
tism considered,  in  relation  to  a 
future  age.  Another  Baptist,  ol' 
whom  nothing  more  is  now  known 
to  us.     Benedict,  p.  207. 

CARTWRIGHT,  Joseph,  suc- 
cessor in  the  pastoral  office  at 
Snow's-fields  to  Mr.  Charlton,  no- 
ticed in  article  Charlton,  Thomas, 
p.  117.  It  is  intimated  that  he 
sought  to  leave  the  Baptists  and 
unite  with  the  Church  of  England, 
but  failing  to  succeed,  set  up  a  se- 
parate church  where  he  read  the 
service  ;  but  this  is  incredible  from 
all  analogous  history,  that  he 
should  have  been  refused  confor- 
mity to  the  Chui'ch,  since  no  hint 
is  given  of  any  thing  against  his 
character.  Wilson's  Hist.  Dissent. 
Churches,  vol.  4,  p.  284. 

CHAMBERLIN,  John,  an  Eng- 
lish Baptist,  author  of  The  Consti- 
tution, Order,  and  Discipline  of  the 
New  Testament  Church,  pp.  143, 


Ca 


I'Y.CLOP^DIA. 


Ca 


141 


1820.  This  gentleman  was  a  mis- 
sionary to  India,  and  re-wrote  and 
re-published  the  edition  noted  with 
a  preface  by  Rev.  Mr.  Ivimey.  Be- 
nedict, p.  207,  with  a  preface  by 
Rev.  Mr.  Ivimey.  Benedict,  p.  207. 
CRAWFORD,  Ale.k.,  a  Baptist, 
author  of  Believer-immersion  as 
opposed  to  unbeliever  sprinkling. 
In  two  essays,  1,  on  the  Abrahamic 
Covenant,  2,  on  Christian  Baptism  ; 
to  which  are  added  three  letters  to 
Mr.  Ross,  of  Picton,  containing 
strictures  on  his  first   letter  .to  Mr. 


Snow's  fields,  Southwark,  till  re- 
moved by  death,  Dec.  19,  1774,  in 
the  34th  year  of  his  age.  His  fu- 
neral sermon  was  preached  by  Mr. 
Towers,  and  afterwards  published, 
together  with  an  oration  at  his  in- 
terment, and  contains  a  particular 
account  of  his  dying  experience, 
and  religious  character.  Mr.  Charl- 
ton is  said  to  have  heen  a  very 
valuable  and  useful  minister  in  his 
station,  and  is  respectfully  noticed 
by  Mr.  Toplady,  as  the  means  of 
awakenine:  his  used  father.    (Top- 


Eider  of  Annapolis.     By  Alexander]  lady's  Posthumous  Works,  p.  119.) 
Crawford,  Prince  Edward's  Island,  |  Mr.  Charlton  published  a  sermon  on 


Nova  Scotia,  8vo.  pp.  13-5,  1827. 
This  earliest  of  Baptist  writers  in 
Nova  Scotia  was  forced  into  au- 
thorship in  self-defence  against  the 
attacks  of  Rev.  Messrs.  Ross,  Mun- 
ro,  Jackson,  and  others.  Benedict, 
p.  218. 


the  death  of  the  Rev.  John  Hughes, 
preached  at  Jewin-st.  June,  1773. 
Wilson's  Hist.  Dissent.  Churches, 
vol.  4,  p.  283,  284. 

CLAYTON,  JoHx,  is  mentioned 
by  Walter  Wilson  as  pastor  of  Shad 
Thames  General    Baptist  Church, 


CRAWLEY,  A.,  D.D.,ABaptist:  Southwark,  England,  1681,  and  as 
writer  on  Baptism,  who  since  pre-  dying  about  the  close  of  the  Revolu- 
sides  over  the  Baptist  College  of  j  tion,  pastor  of  Fair-street  General 
Nova  Scotia.  He  wrote  in  reply  to  [  Baptist  Church,  when  it  met  at 
Rev.  W.  Elder.  Mr.  Gray  against  j  Dock-head,  Southwark,  1688.  Wil- 
Crawley,  and  Tupper  in  reply  to  son's  Hist.  Dissent.  Churches,  vol. 
Gray.     Benedict,p.  2-50,  '251.  4,  p.  257,  343. 

CHASE,  Rev.  J.,  a  Baptist,  Au-  CRAPS,  John,  a  Baptist,  author 
thor  of  a  Sermon,  On  the  Design  of  of  A  Concise  View  of  Christian 
Baptism.     Benedict,  p.  253.  j  Baptism.     By    Rev.    John  Craps  : 

CRANE,  W.  Carey,  author  of  a  Loudon,  12mo.  pp.  12,  1840.  Bene- 
tract  entitled,  A  Collection  of   ar-  diet,  p.  41. 

guments  and  opinions  on  the  sub-       CHARNOCK,  Stephen,  a  Non- 
ject  of  Baptism.  Montgomery,  Ala. ,  conformist  Paidobaptist  of  London, 

CHARLTON,  Thomas,  a  Baptist  I  born  1628  ;  died  1680.  Autlior  of 
minister  of  England '•  who  had  been  several  discourses  of  the  Existence 
a  Methodist  preacher,  and  was  very  and  Attributes  of  God.  Lond.  1682. 
popular  ;  during  the  ibrmer  part  of  fol.  Works.  Lond.  1684,  2  vols.  fol. 
his  ministry,  he  used  a  surplice,  Two  discourses,  viz :  of  Man's  En- 
and  read  the  church  prayers  ;  but'inity  to  God  ;  and  of  the  Salvation 
these  after  a  time,  he  dropt,  and  i  of  Sinners.  Published  by  Edward 
embracing   the   sentiments  of  the  j  \'eel,  1699,  Svo.   This  author  says, 


Baptists,     was 
Hughes,  about 


baptized    by    Mr. 
1772.     After  this. 


"  'Tis  part  of  God's  sovereignty  to 
be  the  interpreter,  as   well  as  the 


he  still  continued    his  ministry  at  maker  of   his  own  laws  ;  as  it  is  a 


142 


Ca 


HAYNES'  BAPTIST 


Ca 


right  inherent  in  the  legislative 
power  among  men,  so  that  it  is  an 
invasion,  oj  his  right  to  fasten  a 
sense  upon  his  declared  will,  which 
doth  not  naturally  flow  from  the 
words.  For  to  put  any  interpreta- 
tion according  to  our  pleasure  upon 
divine  as  well  as  human  laws,  is 
virtual  usurpation  of  His  power ; 
because  if  laws  maybe  interpreted 
according  to  our  humors,  the  power 
of  the  law  would  be  more  in  the 
interpreter  than  in  the  legislator. 
(Of  Man's  Enmity  to  God,  p.  98.) 
Elsewhere  he  says:  "They  must 
be  evasions  past  understanding,  that 
can  hold  water  agai  nst  a  divine  order. 
God  never  gave  power  to  any  man 
to  change  his  ordinances,  or  to  dis- 
pense with  them.  (Works,  vol.  2  p. 
753,  773,  774.  1st  Ed.)  Again: 
"  The  laws  of  God,  who  is  summa 
ratio  are  partly  founded  on  the 
truest  reasons,  though  every  one  of 
them  may  not  be  so  clear  to  us. 
Therefore,  they  that  make  any  al- 
teration in  his  precepts,  either  dog- 
matically or  practically,  controul 
his  wisdom  and  charge  him  with 
folly.  When  men  will  observe  one 
part  of  his  law  and  not  another ; 
pick  and  choose  where  they  please  ; 
hence  it  is,  that  sinners  are  called 
fools  in  Scripture.  'Tis  certainly 
inexcusable  folly  to  contradict  un- 
deniable and  infallible  wisdom. 
If  infinite  prudence  hath  framed 
the  law,  why  is  not  every  part  of  it 
observed  ?  If  it  were  not  made  with 
the  best  wisdom,  why  is  any  thing 
of  it  observed."  (On  Man's  Enmity 
to  God,  p.  112,  113.)  '^  To  pre- 
scribe any  thing  (in  religious  wor- 
ship,) which  God  hath  not  com- 
manded, though  he  hath  not  for- 
bidden it ;  it  is  such  an  invasion  of 
his  prerogative,  that  he  hath  pun- 
ished it  with  a  remarkable   judg- 


ment. Lev.  X.  1.  (Ibid,  ut  supra 
p.  97.)  "  God  seals  no  more  than 
he  j)roinises,  nor  in  any  other  man- 
ner than  as  he  promises.  He  pro- 
mises only  to  faith,  and  therefore 
only  seals  to  faith.  Covenant  gra- 
ces therefore  must  be  possest  and 
acted,  before  covenant  blessings  can 
be  ratified  to  us."  (Works  vol.  2  p. 
781.  ist  Ed.)  Upon  John  iii.  5, 
Except  a  man  be  born  of  ivater  and 
of  the  Spirit  he  cannot  enter  into 
the  Kingdom  of  God,  He  makes 
a  most,  lucid  and  scriptural  exege- 
sis :  "  All  the  difficulty  lies  in  that 
expression,  of  ivater.  Some,  as  the 
Papists,  understand  it  of  the  ele- 
mentary water  of  Baptism ;  and 
from  this  place  exclude  all  children, 
dying  without  baptism  from  salva- 
tion. 'Tis  strange  that,  when  all 
agree  that  the  birth  here  spoken  of 
is  spiritual  and  metaphorical,  that 
the  water  here  should  be  natural. 
None  could  be  saved,  unless  bap- 
tized, if  this  were  meant  of  bap- 
tism. As,  if  these  words,  except 
you  eat  of  the  flesh  of  the  son  of 
man,  and  drink  his  blood,  ye  have 
no  life  in'  you,  were  meant  of  the 
supper,  none  could  be  saved  unless 
they  did  partake  of  it.  Baptism 
was  not  then  instituted,  as  a  stand- 
ing sacrament  in  the  Christian 
Church.  "  The  institution  of  it," 
(we  should  sslj  formally)  "we  find 
not  till  after  Christ's  resurrection. 
For  he  discourseth  of  that  which 
was  of  presoit  necessity.  'Tis 
strange  that  our  Saviour  should 
speak  to  Nicodemus  of  the  neces- 
sity of  baptism,  before  he  had  in- 
formed him  of  the  mysteries  of  the 
gospel,  whereof  'tis  a  seal.  To 
speak  of  a  seal,  before  he  speaks 
of  that  which  is  sealed  by  it,  is 
not  congruous."  ('Tis  no  seal  on 
God's    part,    if  it   be   on   man's.) 


Ca 


CYCLOPAEDIA. 


Ca 


143 


"  For  the  sacraments  being  found- 1 
ed  upon  the  doctrine  ou  which  they ' 
depend,  to  be<jin  by  a  sacrament  i 
the  instruction  ot'  a  man,  is  to  be- 
gin a  building  by  the  tiles  and 
ratters,  belbre  you  lay  a  foundation  ; 
and  against  the  order  exprest  by 
our  Saviour  to  the  apostles,  whicli  I 
puts  teaching  before  baptizing,  and ' 
was  always  practised  in  the  primi- 1 
five  times,  and  is  to  this  day  in  all , 
Christian  Churches,  to  the  adult  I 
and  grown  up.  Those  that  under-  • 
stand  it  of  the  baptismal  water, 
and  so  make  that  of  absolute  ne- 
cessity, do  by  another  assertion 
accuse  their  own  exposition  of  fal- ' 
sity.  For  they  say,  that  the  bap- 
tism of  A/oor/  supplies  the  want  of 
water,  which  cannot  be  if  the  bap- 
tism of  water  were  to  be  under- 
stood in  this  place,  and  so  absolutely 
necessary.  "Tis  ivate^-  that  is  ex- 
prest, and  blood  is  not  water.  A 
martyr  dying  unbaptized,  must  be 
damned,  and  can  not  enter  into  the 
kingdom  of  heaven,  if  this  place  be 
meant  of  the  water  of  baptism.  It 
may  also  be  observed,  that  Christ 
in  the  progress  of  his  discourse, 
makes  no  more  mention  of  ivater, 
but  of  the  Spirit  [that  which  is  born 
of  the  Spirit  is  Spirit  .•)  not  born  of 
water  and  the  Spirit  to  the  new 
birth.  And  since  Christ  mentions 
it  positively,  that  he  that  is  born  of 
the  Spirit  is  Spirit ;  will  it  be  said, 
that  if  any  be  born  of  the  Spirit, 
without  water,  he  is  still  hvxtjiesh  f 
water  then  is  not  to  be  taken  mys- 
tically— by  water  and  the  Spirit^ 
are  signified  one  and  the  same 
thing  :  the  similitude  of  water, 
showing  the  cleansing  and  rege- 
nerating virtues  of  the  Spirit ;  as 
Jire,  and  the  Spirit,  are  put  toge- 
ther, to  signify  the  refining  quality 
the  Spirit  hath,  as  fire  hath  power  to 


separate  the  dross  from  the  good 
metal.  Fire  and  the  Spirit,  i.e.  a 
Spirit  of  fire,  of  the  force  and  efii- 
cacy  of  fire.''  (Works,  vol.  2,  pp. 
2,  3.  2d.  Ed.)  See  also  Booth,  pp. 
34,  159,  167,  17G,  313.  323,  3o4, 
and  p.  356,  where  Booth  concurs 
in  that  last  quotation  "  baptism  is 
not  intended  by  the  term  water." 
John  iii.  5,  and  we  indorse  the 
sentiment. 

CAJETAN,  or  CAJETANUS, 
Cardinal.  His  proper  name  was 
Thomas  de  Vio,  but  he  took  that 
of  Cajetan,  from  Cajeta,  the  town 
of  Naples,  where  he  was  born,  1469 ; 
he  died  1534.  He  wrote  in  defence 
of  popery  against  the  Lutherans, 
several  works  on  various  subjects, 
and  commentaries.  All  his  writ- 
ings entitled,  Opuscula  Omnia,  etc., 
were  published.  Ludg.  1562,  in 
3  vols.  His  comment  in  Sacram 
Scripturam,  Ludg.  1639,  3  vols, 
fol.  This  work  contains  several 
others,  the  titles  of  which  we  omit, 
referring  to  Biblioth.  Britann.  and 
register  his  testimony  : 

"  We  are  buried  with  him  i>i/  bap- 
tism into  death.  By  our  burying 
he  declares  our  death,  from  the 
ceremony  of  baptism  ;  because  he 
who  is  baptized,  is  pw^  under  the 
water,  and  by  this  bears  a  likene.ss 
of  him  that  was  buried,  who  is  put 
under  the  earth.  Now  because 
none  are  buried  but  dead  men, 
from  this  very  thing  we  are  buried 
in  baptism,  we  are  assimilated  to 
Christ,  when  he  was  buried."  Ad. 
Rom.  vi.  4,  quoted  in  Henry  Law- 
rence's Treatise  of  Baptism,  pp.  71, 
72.  Booth,  p.  59.  "  Christ  as- 
cended out  of  the  water  ;  therefore 
he  was  baptized  by  John,  not  by 
sprinkling,  or  pouring  water  upon 
him,  but  by  immersion."  Ad. 
Matt.  iii.  16.     Lawrence  as  above, 


144 


Ca 


HAYNES"  BAPTIST 


Ca 


chap.  5,    pp.^  62,    63.       Booth,    p. 
80. 

CALOVIUS,  Abraham,  a  Luthe- 
ran divine,  born  1612  ;  died  1686. 
His  works  in  12  vols,  were  pub- 
lished at  Wittemberg,  1654.  This 
included,  Socinisnius  Profligatus, 
xxix.  Dispiitationibus  Wittenib. 
1652,  4to.  He  is  simply  worthy  of 
mention,  as  of  all  his  cotemporaries, 
the  least  candid  and  most  sple- 
netic whenever  he  comes  to  write 
of  baptismal  questions,  taking  the 
ground  of  the  most  ultra  Popish 
Piedobaptist.  See  work  above,  p. 
87S 

CHAMBERLON,  Peter,  D.  D., 
author  of — Master  Blackwell's  Sea 
of  Absurdity  concerning  Sprinkling 
calmly  driven  back,  by  Peter 
Chamberlon.     London,  1652,  4to. 

CAMERON,  John,  a  Scotch  di- 
vine, born  at  Glasgow,  1580;  died 
1625,  was  educated  at  the  Univer- 
sity in  his  native  city.  His  works 
were  published  in  folio  at  Geneva, 
1642 — 1658.  Some  of  his  writings 
were  in  English,  some  in  French, 
and  others  in  Latin.  Among 
other  books  he  published — Prselec- 
tiones  in  selectiora  qusedam  loco 
Novi  Testamenti  una  cum  Tracta- 
tu  de  Ecclesia,  et  nonnullis  miscel- 
laniis  opusculis.  Salmur.  1626 — 
1628,  30  vols.  4to.  This  work  is 
quoted  by  Pool  and  Booth  as  fol- 
lows : 

"  How  were  the  Israelites  bap- 
tized in  the  cloud  and  in  the  sea  ? 
for  they  were  neither  dipped  in  the 
sea,  nor  wetted  by  the  cloud  '?"  It 
is  remarkable  that  in  the  Old  Tes- 
tament the  term  baptism  is  not 
applied  to  this  transaction,  but 
Paul  borrowed  from  the  Christian 
institution  the  term  baptism  as  in- 
dicating the  hiding  of  the  Israel- 
ites by  the  cloud  and  sea  on  all 


sides.  He  says,  MaSni-si/siv,  is  to  teach 
those  things  that  pertain  to  "reli- 
gion." Again  :  "  Else  ivere  your 
children  unclean,  but  nou)  are  they 
holy.  This  holiness  of  which  the 
apostle  speaks,  is  not  opposed  to 
that  impurity  which  by  nature 
properly  agrees  to  all,  on  account 
of  Adam's  offence  ;  but  to  that  im- 
parity of  which  believing  wives 
were  apprehensive,  from  their  co- 
habiting with  unbelieving  hus- 
bands." Upon  the  passages  Cam- 
eron and  Pool  quoted  by  Booth, 
pp.  76,  316,  376,  Paedobaptism  Ex- 
amined. 

CAVE,  William,  D.  D.,  Canon 
of  Windsor,  a  very  learned  Eng- 
lish divine,  was  born  at  Leicester- ' 
shire,  1637  ;  died  1713.  It  would 
be  interesting  to  notice  all  of  his 
works,  the  first  of  which  were — 
Primitive  Cbristianity,  or  the  Reli- 
gion of  the  ancient  Christians  ;  in 
three  parts.  Lond.  1672,  1673, 
1675,  1702,  1714,  8vo.  1677,  2  vols, 
fol.  Tabalae  Ecclesiasticae.  Lond. 
1674,  4to.  Hamb.  1676.  Anti- 
quitates  Apostolicse,  and  various 
others.  Upon  the  subject  involved 
in  the  baptismal  controversy,  he 
may  be  cited  : 

"  The  party  to  be  baptized  was 
wholly  iminerged,  or  put  under 
water ;  whereby  they  did  more  no- 
tably  and  significantly  express  the 
three  great  ends  and  effects  of  bap- 
tism." 

"  The  party  to  be  baptized  was 
wholly  imtnerged,  or  put  under 
water,  which  was  the  constant  and 
universal  custom  of  those  times,"  &c. 

"  As  in  immersion  there  are  in  a 
manner  three  several  acts,  the  put- 
ting a  person  into  the  water,  his 
abiding  there  for  a  litle  time,  and 
his  rising  up  again ;  so  by  these 
were    represented    Christ's    death, 


Ca 


cyclopj:dia. 


Ca 


145 


burial,  and  resurrection ;  and  in 
conformity  thereunto,  our  dying 
unto  sin,  the  destruction  of  its 
power  and  our  resurrection  to  a 
new  course  of  life.  By  the  persons 
beini^  put  into  water  was  liveli/  re- 
presented the  putting  off  the  body 
of  the  sins  of  the  flesh,  and  being 
washed  from  the  filth  and  pollu- 
tion of  them.  By  his  abode  un- 
der it,  which  was  a  kind  of  burial 
in  the  water,  his  entering  into  a 
new  state  of  death,  or  mortifica- 
tion, like  as  Christ  remained  for 
some  time  under  the  state  or  power 
of  death.  Therefore  as  many  as 
are  baptized  into  Christ,  are  said 
to  be  baptized  into  his  deatb,  and 
to  be  buried  with  him  by  baptism 
into  death  ;  that  the  old  man  being 
crucified  with  him,  the  body  of  sin 
might  be  destroyed,  that  henceforth 
he  might  not  serve  sin,  for  that  he 
is  dead,  is  freed  from  sin,  as  the 
apostle  clearly  explains  the  mean- 
ing of  this  rite.  And  then  by  his 
emersion,  or  rising  up  out  of  the 
water,  was  signified  his  entering 
upon  a  new  course  of  life,  differing 
from  that  he  lived  before  ;  that 
like  as  Christ  was  raised  up  by  the 
glory  of  the  Father,  even  so  we 
also  should  walk  in  newness  of 
life."  Primitive  Christianity,  Part 
1,  chap.  X.  pp.  203,  204.  Edit.  6. 
Booth,  pp.  58,  92,  129.  Bib.  Brit. 
CHAMIER,  or  CHAMIERUS, 
Daniel,  an  eminent  French  Pro- 
testant divine,  born  in  Dauphiny, 
and  killed  by  a  cannon  ball,  at  the 
seige  of  Montaubon,  1621.  His 
principal  work  was  entitled — Ca- 
tholica  Panstratia,  or  the  wars  of 
the  Lord,  in  which  the  controversy 
between  Protestants  and  Roman 
Catholics  is  learnedly  handled. 
This  body  of  controversy  was  pub- 
lished at  Geneva,  1626,  4  vols.  foL, 


under  the  care  of  Turretin,  profes- 
sor of  divinity.  An  abridgement 
of  it  was  published  in  the  same 
city,  in  1643,  1  vol.  fol.,  by  Fred- 
erick Spanheim,  the  father.  He 
also  wrote,  La  Confusion  des  Dis- 
putes Papistes.  Genev.  1600,  8vo. 
(Ecumenico  Pontifice,  libri  vi. 
Gen.  1601,  8vo.  Corpus  Theologi- 
cum,  Sive  Loci  Communes.  Genev. 
1653.  In  this  first  work  above 
noticed,  he  says  : 

"  Immersion  of  the  whole  boily 
was  used  from  the  beginninti, 
which  expresseth  the  force  of  the 
word  baptize ;  whence  John  bap- 
tized in  a  river.  It  was  afterwards 
changed  into  sprinkling :  though 
it  is  uncertain  when,  or  by  whom, 
it  commenced.''  Liber  v.  chap.  3. 
Booth,  p.  97.  Bib.  Brit. 

CAMERARIUS,  Joachim,  born 
at  Bamberg,  1500  ;  died  at  Leip- 
sic,  1575,  a  most  learned  and  vol- 
uminous writer.  Author  of — Com- 
ment, in  Novum  Testamentum. 
Cant.  1642,  fol.  The  same  in 
English.  Lond.  1616,  Svo.  This 
work  is  quoted  by  Pool  and  Booth 
on  Matt.  iii.  6,  as  follows  :  '•  And 
were  baptized.  That  is,  they  were 
immersed  into  water."  Pool  in 
his  Synopsis  on  the  passage  cites 
him  as  does  Booth  in  conjunction 
with  the  author  named  in  the  next 
article. 

CASTALIO,  or  CASTELLIO, 
Sebastian,  born  1515;  died  1563. 
He  was  professor  of  Greek  at  Basil, 
an  intimate  friend  of  Calvin,  and 
of  authors  the  most  learned.  He 
wrote  a  Greek  Poem  on  the  Life  of 
John  the  Baptist,  and  a  Paraphrase 
on  the  prophecy  of  Jonah,  in  Latin 
verse,  entitled— Jonas  Propheta 
Heroico  Carmine  descriptus.  La- 
tino ;  cum  Vita  Joannis  Baptistse 
Carmine    Grseco.        Basil,     1545. 


146 


Ca 


HAYNES'  BAPTIST 


Ca 


Edin.  1696,  8vo.  His  Latin  Trans- 
lation of  the  Bible  begun  at  G-ene- 
va,  in  1542,  was  published  at  Basil, 
1551,  which  he  dedicated  to  Ed- 
ward VI.  of  England.  2d  Edit. 
1554,  1556.  He  translated  various 
classics,  and  wrote  several  works 
of  critical  erudition,  and  is  quoted 
as  in  preceding  article  with  Cana- 
erarius  by  Pool  and  Booth  on  the 
passage  Matt.  iii.  6.  "And  -were 
huptized.  That  is,  they  were  im- 
mersed." Two  better  witnesses  of 
the  philological  meaning  of  baptize 
need  not  be  sought. 

CALVIN,  John,  the  Reformer, 
wis  born  at  Nayon,  in  Picardy, 
July  10,  1509  ;  died  May  27,  1564. 
Of  such  avithors  notice  is  taken 
only  of  whatever  concerns  Baptists, 
whom  he  opposed  as  bitterly  as  he 
did  Papists,  Infidels,  or  Pagans,  as 
the  titles  of  some  of  his  works 
evince,  one  of  which  runs  thus  :  A 
Short  Instruction  for  to  arme  all 
good  Christian  people  against  the 
pestiferous  errours  of  the  common 
Secte  of  Anabaptists.  Loud.  1549, 
8vo.  He  wrote  also— Consensio 
de  Re  vSacramentaria  inter  J.  Cal- 
vinum  et  Ministros  Ecclesiae  Tigu- 
riuffi.  Lond.  1552,  8vo.  A  Faith- 
ful and  most  Godly  Treatise  con- 
cerning the  most  Sacred  Sacra- 
ment, Svo.  Translated  from  the 
French  of  Petit  Traite  de  la  Saincte 
Cene  de  nostre  Seigneur  Jesus 
Christ,  1545.  Secunda  Defensio 
pia?  et  orthodoxpe  de  Sacramentis 
Fidei  contra  Joachimi  Westphali 
Calumnias.  Ex.  Off.  Typ.  Joannis 
Crispini,  1556,  Svo.  Without  enu- 
merating the  long  catalogue  of  his 
works,  a  few  quotations  will  be  in- 
troduced with  citations  of  his  par- 
ticular work  from  which  each  is 
made.     He  says  • 

"  The  word  baptize  signifies  to 


immerse  ;  and  the  rite  of  immer- 
sion was  observed  by  the  ancient 
Church."  Institutes.  Christ.  Relig. 
L.  iv.  C.  XV.  §  20. 

"  Here  we  perceive  how  baptism 
was  administered  among  the  an- 
cients ;  for  tliey  immersed  the  whole 
body  in  water.  Now  it  is  the  pre- 
vailing practice  for  a  minister  only 
to  sprinkle  the  body  or  head." 
Comment,  in  Acts  viii.  38. 

"  Because  Christ  requires  teach- 
ing before  baptizing,  and  will  have 
believers  only  admitted  to  baptism  ; 
bnptisin  does  not  seem  to  be  rightly 
administered,  except  faith  precede. 
Under  this  pretence,  the  Anabap- 
tists have  loudly  clamored  against 
Piedobaptism."  In  Harm.  Evang. 
Comment,  in  Matt,  xxxiii.  19. 

"  Luke  commends  the  pious  zeal 
of  the  Jailor,  because  he  dedicated 
his  whole  house  to  the  Lord  ;  in 
which  also  the  grace  of  God  illus- 
triously appeared,  because  it  sud- 
denly brought  the  whole  family  to 
a  pious  consent."  Comment,  in 
Acts  xvi.  33. 

CHAMBERS,  Ephraim,  born  in 
Kendaly,  resided  chiefly  in  London ; 
died  1740  ;  a  most  ingenious  au- 
thor of— Cyclopaedia,  or  General 
Dictionary  of  Arts  and  Sciences, 
containing  the  definition  of  the 
terms,  and  an  account  of  the  things 
signified  thereby.  Lond.  1728, 
1738,  1739,  1741,  1746,  2  vols.  fol. 
After  the  edition  of  1746  the  work 
was  greatly  enlai'ged,  first  by  Mr. 
Scott  and  Dr.  Hill,  afterwards  by 
Dr.  Rees.  Lond.  1785,  4  vols.  fol. 
It  was  published  in  418  numbers, 
at  6d.  each.  In  this  edition  the 
Supplement,  which  was  published 
Lond.  1753,  2  vols,  fol.,  and  modern 
improvements,  were  incorporated 
in  one  alpha,bet. 

In    the    7  th    edition,    Art.   Bap- 


Ca 


CYCLOPAEDIA. 


Ca 


147 


fcism,  Mr.  Chambers  says  :  "  In  the 
primitive    times,     this    ceremony, 
(baptism)  was   performed    by    itn- 
■niersion  ;  as  it  is  tliis  day  in  the 
Oriental    Churches,    according    to 
the    orijrinal    si<^nification    of  the 
words."     "  It   appears   that  in  the 
primitive  times  none  were  baptized 
but  acln/ts.''     In  Art.  Anabaptists, 
he  represents  the  German  Baptists 
thus  :    '■  What   they    chiefly   sup- 
ported their  doctrine  on  was,  those 
words  of  our  Saviour;  He  that  be- 
lieves and  is  baptized  s/iall  be  sated, 
Mark  xvi.  1(5.     As  none  but  adults 
are  capable  ofbe/iering,  they  arjTued, 
that  no  others  are  capable  of  bap- 
tistn,  especially  as  there  is  no  pas- 
sage  in    all    the  New  Testament, 
Avhere  the  baptism  of  infants  is  clear- 
ly enjoined.  Calvin  and  other  writers 
against  them,  are  pretty  niurli  em- , 
barassed  to  answer  this  argument ;  i 
and  are  obliged  to  have  recourse  to 
tradition  and  the  primitive  church."  I 
CARSON,    Alexander,    LL.D.,  | 
born  at  Artrae,  twelve  miles  from 
Tubbermore,  in  the   north  of  Ire- 
land ;    died    24th    August,     1844, 
aged  68,  at  Belfast,   after  a  minis- 
try  of  50    years    at    Tubbermore, 
where   he  was  buried.  Rev.  G.  C. 
Moore    his    pupil    preaching    the 
funeral  sermon.    Among  his  earlier 
writings    was    a   work   on    '"  The 
figures  of   speech,  in  which,  says 
his  memoir, "  he  developed  the  self- 
evident  principles  in  the  philosophy 
of  language  by  the  aid  of  which  he 
has  since  been  able  to  clear  his  way 
through  the   sophistries    that   had 
entangled  and  obscured  the  image- 
ry  of  scripture.     This    work    has 
been    a  standard  one  on  the  sub- 
ject of  which  it  treats."     Here  per- 
haps as  well   as  in  any  other  con- 
nection may  be  added  the  list  of 
his  works,  as  follows  : 


1.  Reasons  for  separating  from 
[the  Synod  of  Ulster,  two  editions. 
1 2.  Remarks  on  a  late  pastoral  ad- 
dress, from  the  Ministers  of  the 
j  Synod  of  Ulster.  3.  A  Reply  to 
jMr.  Brown's  Vindication  of  the 
i  Presbyterian  Form  of  C'hurch  Go- 
verment,  in  which  the  order  of  the 
■Apostolic  Churches  is  defended. 
This  book  is  in  our  possession.  It 
I  is  an  8vo  of  500  pages,  and  except- 
j  ing  only  the  author's  peculiarities 
,  is  unanswerable  by  Presbyterians. 
{4.  An  Answer  to  Mr.  Ewing's  At- 
\  tempt  towards  a  Statement  of  the 
Doctrine  of  Scripture  respecting 
[Some  disputed  points  concerning 
I  Constitution,  Government,  Wor- 
I  ship  and  Discipline  of  the  Church 
of  Christ.  5.  Remarks  on  the 
Miracles  of  Prince  llokenlohe,  two 
I  editions.  6.  A  View  of  the  Day 
I  of  Judgment  as  delineated  m  the 
Scriptures.  7.  Strictures  on  the 
Letter  of  J.  K.  L.,  entitled,  "A 
Vindication  of  the  Religious  and 
Civil  Principles  of  the  Irish  Catho- 
lics, addressed  to  the  Lord  Lieute- 
nant of  Ireland."  8.  A  Letter  to 
the  Right  Hon.  W.  C.  Plunkett, 
on  the  Cavan  Reformation.  9.  The 
Riglit  and  Duty  of  all  men  to  read 
the  Scriptures.  10.  A  Treatise  on 
the  Figures  of  Speech,  noticed 
above.  11.  Review  of  the  Rev. 
Dr.  J.  Pye  Smith's  Defence  of  Dr. 
Haffner's  Preface  to  the  Bible,  and 
of  his  denial  of  part  of  the  Canon, 
and  of  the  full  Inspiration  ol"  the 
Holy  Scriptures.  12.  The  incom- 
petency of  the  Rev.  Professor  Lee 
of  Cambridge,  for  Translating,  or 
correcting  Translations  of  the  Holy 
Scriptures,  proved  and  illustrated 
in  a  criticism  on  his  "  Remarks  on 
Dr.  Henderson's  Appeal  to  the  Bi- 
ble Society."  13.  Answer  to  the 
Letter  of  the  Rev.  Professor  Lee,  in 


148 


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HAYNES'  BAPTIST 


Ca 


reply  to  the  Proof  and  Illustration 
of  his  incompetency  for  Translat- 
ing or  correcting  Translations  of 
the  Holy  Scriptures.  14.  Reply 
to  Dr.  Drommoud  on  the  Trinity. 
15.  Answer  to  the  article  in  the 
Edinburgh  Presbyterian  lleAnew, 
on  Mr.  Carbon's  Refutation  of  Mr. 
Ewing  and  Dr.  Wardlaw  on  Bap- 
tism, showing  the  incompetency 
and  ignorance  of  the  Reviewer.  16. 
Rei\itation  of  the  Review  in  the 
Christian  Guardian  for  January, 
1832,  of  Mr.  Carson's  work  on  the 
Inspiration  of  the  Scriptures.  17. 
Review  of  the  Rev.  Mr.  Brown's 
work  on  Baptism.  18.  Review  of 
the  Discussion  on  the  Unitarian 
Controversy,  between  Rev.  John 
Scott  Porter  and  Rev.  D.  Bagot, 
A.  M.,  held  in  Belfast,  April  1834. 
19.  Defence  of  the  Review  of 
Mr.  Brown's  work  on  Baptism.  20. 
Providence,  as  unfolded  in  the 
Book  of  Esther,  18mo.  21.  The 
God  of  Providence  the  God  of  the 
Bible,  and  the  Truth  of  the  Gos- 
pel proved  from  the  Peculiarities 
of  its  Progress,  and  from  the  char- 
acter of  God  as  manifested  in  the 
atonement,  in  a  Letter  to  Richard 
Carlisle,  18mo.  3  editions.  22. 
Transubstantiation  Subversive  of 
the  foundations  of  human  belief, 
and  therefore  incapable  ot  Proof, 
18mo.  3  editions.  23.  Theories 
of  Inspiration,  by  Dr.  Pye  Smith, 
Dr.  Dick,  a^id  Bishop  Wilson,  ex- 
amined and  refuted,  and  the  ver- 
bal Inspiration  of  the  Scriptures 
proved,  ISrao.  24.  Refutation  of 
Dr.  Henderson's  doctrine  in  his 
late  work  on  divine  Inspiration, 
with  a  critical  discussion  on  2d 
Tim.  iii.  16.  18mo.  25.  Examina- 
tion of  the  principles  of  Biblical 
Interpretation  of  Ernesti,  Ainmon,  i 
Stuart,   and  other  Philologists,  pp.  | 


1 258,  18mo.  26.  Review  of  Dr. 
John  Brown  of  Edinburgh,  on  the 
Law  of  Christ  respecting  Civil 
obedience,  especially  in  the  pay- 
ment of  tribute,  18mo.  27.  The 
Knowledge  of  Jesus  Christ  the 
most  excellent  of  the  Sciences,  p. 
317,  18mo.  3  editions.  28.  Letters 
to  the  author  of  an  article  in  the 
Edinburgh  Review,  on  Evan- 
gelical Preaching,  8vo.  29.  His- 
tory of  Providence,  as  manifested 
in  Scripture,  or  Tracts  from  Scrip- 
ture illustrative  of  the  Government 
of  God  ;  with  a  Defence  of  the 
Doctrine  of  Providence  and  an  Ex- 
amination of  the  Philosophy  of 
Dr.  Thomas  Brown,  on  that  Sub- 
ject, 18mo.  30.  Unitarian  Myste- 
ry ;  or.  Reply  to  Mr.  Carmichael's 
Strictures  on  Mr.  Carson's  views 
of  Inspiration,  8vo.  31.  Reply  to 
Renrarks  on  Mr.  Carson's  Treatise 
on  Baptism  contained  in  a  note  in 
Mr.  Bickersteth's  late  work  on  the 
same  subject,  8vo.  32.  Baptism 
not  Purification,  in  Reply  to  Presi- 
dent Beecher.  33.  Letter  to  Dr. 
Maclay,  or  the  Reply  of  the  British 
and  Foreign  Bible  Society,  to  the 
Memorial  of  the  Committee  of  the 
Baptist  Union.  34.  Incompetency 
of  Dr.  Henderson  as  an  Umpire  on 
the  Philology  of  the  word  Baptism, 
proved  from  the  unsoundness  and 
extravagance  of  the  Principles  of 
Interpretation,  implied  in  his  let- 
ter to  Mr.  Brandam  with  reference 
to  that  question. 

"  You  will  be  able,"  says  Rev. 
Mr.  Moore,  in  a  letter  from  Tubber- 
more  to  Dr.  Maclay  of  New- York, 
dated  Sept.  27,  1844,  soon  after  Dr. 
Carson's  decease :  "  You  will  be  able 
in  some  measure,  to  calculate  the 
loss  which  the  Churches  of  Christ 
have  sustained,  wlien  I  tell  yon  of 
what  he   intended  to  accomplish. 


After  the  death  of  his  heloved  and 
excellent  wife,  he  told  me  that  he 
never  intended  to  take  a)iother 
holiday  in  this  world."  "  I  will," 
said  he,  "  leave  them  all  for  hea- 
ven." At  another  time,  he  said, 
"  My  head  is  full  of  books ;  I  will 
write  on  till  I  empty  mysell"."  One 
book  which  he  intended  to  write 
was — A  Treatise  on  the  Atonement. 
Would  that  he  had  been  spared  to 
execute  it.  But  God's  purposes  must 
be  fulfilled.  The  eyes  of  all  the 
Presbyterians  of  this  country,  with 
a  part  of  the  Scotch  Church,  as  well 
as  many  of  other  denominations, 
were  on  him  for  some  time,  expect- 
ing this  work.  At  length  be  con- 
sented to  satisfy  their  wishes.  He 
had  tlie  subject  thoroughly  studied 
— the  plan  formed — authors  read — 
notes  taken — and  the  book  itself 
all  but  written.  When  lo !  he 
was  not,  for  God  took  him.  He 
intended  also  to  write  a  book,  ou  | 
the  best  mode  of  teaching  the 
churches.  He  thought  ministers  in 
general  lamentably  deficient  in 
this  matter.  When  I  think  of  all 
he  designed  to  do,  and  Avhich  he 
could  do  so  well,  I  am  almost  over- 
whelmed with  sorrow.  You  will 
be  glad  to  learn  that  he  has  left  a 
good  deal  behind  him  yet  unpub-; 
lished.  He  had  just  completed  a 
work  on  '  the  Chararteristic  Sti/le 
of  Scripture,^  showing  its  purity, 
simplicity,  and  sublimity,  and  con- 
trasting the  God  of  the  Bible,  as 
therein  displayed,  with  the  gods  of 
the  heathen  as  described  by  their 
poets.  He  has  also  left  Commen- 
taries on  the  Epistles  to  the  Gala- 
tians,  and  to  the  Hebrews,  with 
many  smaller  articles." 

Mr.  Carson's  course  at  the  Uni- 
versity of  Glasgow,  while  a  stu-i 
dent,  indicated  his  future  career  of 


learning,  popularity,  and  useful- 
ness.  As  he  graduated  with  the 
first  honour  in  a  large  class,  amon«T 
whom  were  M^ardlaw  of  Glasgo\v^ 
and  Brown  of  Langton,  who  also 
became  distinguished  as  Doctors 
of  Divinity,  and  in  replies  to 
whom  part  of  his  works  were  ad- 
dressed. He  must  have  graduated 
and  entered  the  ministry  young,  as 
the  author  of  his  memoir  says  that 
he  died  at  the  age  of  68  years,  nfter 
aministryofnearlySO  years  iuTub- 
bermore,  which  would  make  him 
about  18  when  he  began  to  preach. 
He  began  his  ministerial  career  as 
a  Presb}i:erian,  and  as  his  judgment 
began  to  be  matured,  and  his  in- 
vestigations of  Scripture  developed 
to  his  mind  the  model  of  the  New 
Testament  ecclesiastical  institution, 
he  had  the  decision  of  character, 
independence  of  spirit,  and  suffi- 
cient moral  honesty,  and  courage 
to  renounce  Presbyterianism.  and 
to  secede  from  the  Synod  of  Lister, 
publishing  his  reasons  as  we  have 
seen  in  the  title  of  the  first  work 
on  the  list  of  his  publications.  His 
meeting-house  was  vacated  by  him 
and  the  first  communion  with  his 
separate  church  consisting  at  first 
of  sixteen  persons,  was  celebrated 
in  a  grove.  Some  of  his  flock  soon 
became  Baptists,  and  he  also  was 
baptized  and  established  a  Baptist 
Church.  At  first  his  old  friends 
forsook  him,  except  a  few  of  the 
more  humble,  pious,  and  honest 
poor,  but  at  his  death  his  church 
consisted  of  about  five  hundred 
meiftbers,  the  most  learned  in  the 
Scriptures  as  a  church  in  general, 
of  any  church  in  the  British  em- 
pire. They  generally  possessed 
the  martjT  spirit  of  Dr.  Carson's 
wife,  whose  wealthy  Presbj'ierian 
father  urged  upon  his  son-in-law 


150 


HAYNES'  BAPTIST 


Ca 


and  daughter  that  they  must  starve, 
and  that  he  would  abandon  them 
and  their  chiklren  when  their  ca- 
lamity shoukl  befall  them  as  the 
result  of  their  becoming  Baptists, 
she  said,  "Father,  God  feeds  the 
young  ravens  as  they  cry  unto  him ; 
and  I  cannot  believe,  that  while 
we  are  striving  to  do  his  will,  he 
will  let  the  young  Carsons  starve." 
"  He  was  peculiarly  happy  in  his 
family,"  says  his  biographer.  "  His 
wife  was  truly  a  companion  and 
helper,  cheering  him  on  in  his  toils, 
sustaining  him  in  his  trials,  and 
taking  upon  herself  the  entire 
manageiuent  of  his  domestic  con- 
cerns. She  was  also  useful  to  him 
in  his  studies,  by  finding  the  quo- 
tations he  required,  and  reading 
them  while  he  wrote.  She  has 
gone  to  the  world  of  spirits  a  little 
before  him.  He  was  exceedingly 
careful  to  train  up  his  children  in 
the  nurture  and  admonition  of  the 
Lord.  He  conducted  their  educa- 
tion himself,  and  experienced  the 
liberal  fulfilment  of  the  divine  pro- 
mise, that  those  who  have  been 
early  educated  in  the  fear  of  God, 
will  not,  in  after  years,  depart  from 
it.  His  was  a  happiness  that  falls 
to  the  lot  of  few  parents.  He  lived 
to  see  all  his  children,  thirteen  in 
number,  converted  to  God,  and 
openly  confessing  their  faith  in 
Christ,  by  following  him  into  the 
baptismal  grave.  He  was  also 
called  to  experience  the  sorrows  of 
a  father  and  the  joys  of  a  Christian, 
in  the  happy  death  of  some  of 
them.  His  son,  Dr.  Carson  of 
Coleraine,  died  of  brain  fever,  just 
as  he  was  about  to  be  ordained  to 
the  pastoral  office,  and  only  two 
weeks  after  he  had  written  a  me- 
moir of  his  two  sisters,  who  were 
removed    within    a    short    time  of 


each  other,  by  consumption.  They 
departed  in  the  triumphs  of  faith. 
One  of  them,  when  expiring,  said, 
"  Father,  grieve  not  for  me,  I  am 
only  going  before."  It  was  even 
so !  Father,  mother,  son,  daugh- 
ter, have  now  united  in  their  hal- 
lelujahs before  the  throne  of  God 
and  the  Lamb.  For  such  mercy 
bestowed  on  fallen  humanity,  let 
God  have  all  the  praise!" 

To  extend  this  article  would 
scarcely  be  consonant  with  the 
plan  of  this  work,  but  some  addi- 
tional facts  can  not  well  be  omitted, 
in  justice  to  the  memory  of  this 
great  light  of  Israel.  The  author 
of  his  memoir  says  :  "  What  shall 
I  say  of  such  a  man  ?  For  the 
ast  fifty  years  or  more  he  was 
never  known  to  be  idle  one  day. 
He  laboured  hard  for  knowledge. 
What  shall  I  say  of  him  as  a 
scholar  and  critic?  View^ed  in 
this  light,  he  was  above  either 
praise  or  censure.  The  grand  pe- 
culiarity of  his  mind  was  critical 
acumen.  He  always  saw  to  the 
bottom  of  any  subject  he  under- 
took to  handle.  The  foundations 
of  his  reasonings  were  laid,  either 
in  self-evident  truths,  or  in  explicit 
statements  from  the  Holy  Scrip- 
tures ;  while  his  honesty  of  heart 
would  not  allow  him  to  deviate  a 
single  iota  from  truth,  to  accom- 
plish any  sectarian  object.  What 
shall  I  say  of  him  as  a  Christian  ? 
Only  this,  that  with  all  hi^ 
classical,  philological,  and  philoso- 
phical acquirements,  he  had  espe- 
cially learned  the  humility  of  hi.-; 
lowly  Master.  With  the  colossal 
statue  of  a  giant,  he  possessed  the 
meekness  and  simplicity  of  a  child. 
May  we  all  in  this  respect  imitate 
his  example.  What  shall  I  say  of 
him  as  a  theologian  and   a  minis- 


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CYCLOPEDIA. 


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151 


ter  ?  Nothing.  Let  his  works  and  i 
his  church  speak  for  hiin.  May  I 
not  salely  challenge  tlie  world  to  i 
produce  such  a  church  t  In  know-  j 
ledge  and  understanding  ol'  the  j 
Scriptures,  its  members  could 
teach  many  a  minister.  And  is  it 
possible  that  such  a  man  should 
ever  be  forgotten  t  Never,  till  the 
last  trumpet  sounds.  In  our  Ga- 
zetteer under  Tubbermore,  his 
church  will  be  noticed.  See  his 
Memoir  prefixed  to  his  work  on 
Baptism.  Ed.  Am.  Bap.  Pub.  Soc. 
Philad.  1848.  This  Memoir  de- 
serves to  be  published  in  a  separate 
standard  book,  and,  upon  the 
whole,  is  the  best  publislied  by 
that  society,  although  it  has  issued 
numerous  biograpliies  and  memoirs. 
It  would  be  interesting  to  notice 
Dr.  Carson's  connection  with  the 
English  Baptist  Missionary,  Bible 
Society,  and  Educational  enterpri- 
ses, which  will  be  reserved  for  its 
appropriate  department. 

CARTER,  Robert  Esq.,  once  a 
member  of  the  Virginia  Executive 
Council,  and  on  that  account,  com- 
monly called  counsellor  Carter, 
was  baptized  by  Mr.  Lunsford, 
shortly  after  he  began  to  preach 
in  these  parts.  He  was  one  of  the 
ricliest  men  in  the  State  of  Virgi- 
nia, having,  as  many  say,  seven 
or  eight  hundred  negroes,  besides 
immense  bodies  of  land,  &c.  But 
being  a  man  naturally  of  an  un- 
stable disposition,  and  falling  in 
witli  certain  Arminian  writings, 
he  fully  embraced  their  doctrines. 
Had  he  stopped  here,  he  might 
have  still  continued  in  the  Baptist 
Society,  though  not  so  happy  as  be- 
fore. But,  alas  !  there  are  so  ma- 
ny wrong  roads  in  religious  pur- 
suits, that  when  a  man  once  gets 
wrong,    it   is  impossible  to  foresee 


where  he  will  stop.  From  the 
Arminian  errors,  Mr.  Carter  fell 
into  the  chimerical  whims  of  Swe- 
denboi'g.  When  he  first  heard  ot" 
the  books  of  that  singular  author, 
he  made  very  light  of  thenr ;  but 
upon  reading  them,  having  a  mind 
naturally  fond  of  specious  novelty, 
he  fully  embraced  the  whole  of 
that  absurd  system,  and  was,  of 
course,  excluded  from  the  Baptists. 
He  was  now  as  zealous  fur  the 
New  Jerusalem  Church,  as  he  hud 
been  formerly  for  the  Baptists.  He 
moved  to  Baltimore,  in  order  to 
find  a  preacher  and  a  society  of  his 
own  sentiments,  and  expended 
large  sums  of  money  to  have  Swe- 
denborg's  writings  republished. 
He  continued  orderly  in  moral 
conduct,  and  died  a  few  years 
since,  after  having  lived  to  a  con- 
siderable age.     Baptist  Library. 

CAMPBELL,  Alexander.  Au- 
thor of  the  following  works :  1, 
Debate  on  Baptism,  between  him- 
self and  Rev.  Mr.  Walker,  a  Seces- 
sion Presbyterian.  1820.  3d  Ed. 
with  Strictures  on  Dr.  Ralston,  and 
an  Appendix  on  the  Covenants. 
1822.  His  Debate  with  Rev.  W. 
L.  Macalla,  a  Presbyterian  minis- 
ter. 1823.  His  Christian  Baptist, 
begun  as  a  monthly,  1823  ;  con- 
tinued seven  years,  and  stereotyped 
in  one  volume,  600  pp.  8vo.  Cin- 
cinnati. His  Millenial  Harbinger, 
a  monthly,  continued  now  twenty 
years.  Several  editions  of  a  ver- 
sion of  the  English  New  Testa- 
ment, compiled  by  him  from  Drs. 
Campbell,  Macknight,  and  Dodd- 
ridge, have  been  published  by 
Fisher  &  Son.  Wheeling,  A*a. 
Also,  several  editions  of  a  Hymn 
Book.  Besides  his  Debates  on  In- 
fidelity with  Robert  Owen,  of  Scot- 
land, and  on   Baptism    with   Dr. 


152 


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HAYNES'  BAPTIST 


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Rice,  of  the  Presbyterian  Ciiurch, 
he  has  published  Christianity 
Restoi-ed  ;  the  same  under  the  title 
of  The  Christian  System ;  several 
editions.  Also,  Infidelity  Refuted 
by  Infidels  ;  a  work  on  Sprinkling  ; 
Tracts  for  the  People,  stereotyped, 
and  other   less  considerable  works. 

He  and  his  father,  Thomas 
Campbell,  emigrated  from  Scot- 
land early  in  the  beginning  of 
the  present  century,  as  Presbyte- 
rian Ministers,  and  settled  in  Buf- 
faloe,  Washington  Co.,  Pa.;  and 
afterwards  at  Bethany,  Brooke 
Co.,  Va.,  a  few  miles  from  Bufta- 
loe.  In  1812  they  were  immersed, 
joined  Baptist  Churches,  which,  in 
1813,  united  with  Redstone  Bap- 
tist Association,  of  which  Alexan- 
der Campbell  was  clerk.  After- 
wards his  church  united  with 
Western  Reserve  Baptist  Associa- 
tion. The  tendencies  of  the  Messrs. 
Campbell  to  become  Reformers, 
were  developed  in  1808  or  1809, 
and  in  1823  assumed  a  distinctive 
form,  which,  in  respect  to  the  effi- 
cacy of  Baptism,  is  analogous  to 
Puseyism,  but  unlike  it  in  any 
other  particular,  more  resembling 
those  of  the  Scotch  Baptists.  It 
is  our  business  simply  to  note 
the  titles  of  his  works.  In  another 
connection,  under  Art.  Bethany,  in 
our  Gazetteer,  we  may  devote  an 
article  to  him  and  his  Reformation, 
as  also  Art.  Bethany  College. 

CRAIG,  Elijah  was  one  of  the 
first  converts  to  the  Baptist  preach- 
ing in  Virginia.  When  Mr.  Sam- 
uel Harris  came  and  preached  an 
experience  of  grace  in  Pittsylvania, 
he  found  his  heart  could  testify  to 
the  truth  of  it,  having  some  time 
previously  experienced  a  change 
which  he  had  not  viewed  as  con- 
version, but   only  the   encourage- 


ment of  Heaven  to  go  on  seeking. 
He  was  now  so  strengthened,  that 
in  conjunction  with  certain  young 
converts  in  his  neighborhood,  who 
were  of  the  Regular  Baptists,  he 
undertook  to  exhort,  &c.,  and  to 
liold  little  meetings  in  the  neigh- 
borhood. His  tobacco-house  was 
their  chapel.  Being  most  of  them 
laboring  men,  they  used  to  labor 
all  day,  and  hold  meetings  almost 
every  night  at  each  other's  houses, 
and  on  Sundays  at  the  above  men- 
tioned tobacco-house.  Bj''  these 
little  prayer  and  exhortation  meet- 
ings, great  numbers  were  awaken- 
ed and  several  converted. 

Mr.  Craig  was  one  of  the  consti- 
tuents of  the  Upper  Spottsylvania 
church :  he  was  also  one  of  those 
who  were  afterwards  dismissed 
from  it,  to  form  the  church  on  Blue 
Run,  over  which  he  was  soon  after- 
wards ordained  pastor.  He  was 
certainly  a  great  blessing  to  Blue 
Run  church :  for  under  his  care 
they  flourished.  He  was  account- 
ed a  preacher  of  considerable  ta- 
lents for  that  day ;  which,  united 
to  his  zeal,  honored  him  with  the 
attention  of  his  persecutors.  They 
sent  the  sheriff"  and  posse  after  him 
when  at  his  plough.  He  was 
taken  and  carried  before  the  magis- 
trates of  Culpepper.  They,  without 
hearing  arguments,  pro  or  con,  or- 
dered him  to  jail ;  at  court,  he 
with  others  was  arraigned.  One 
of  the  lawyers  told  the  court,  they 
had  better  discharge  them ;  for 
that  oppressing  them,  would  rather 
advance  than  retard  them.  He 
said  they  were  like  a  bed  of  cha- 
momile, the  more  they  were  trod, 
the  more  they  would  spread.  The 
court  thought  otherwise,  and  were 
determined  to  imprison  them. 
Some  of  the  court  were  of  opinion, 


Ca 


CYCLOPEDIA. 


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153 


that  they  ought  to  be  confined  in 
a  close  dungeon  ;  but  the  majority 
were  lor  giving  them  the  bounds. 
After  staying  there  one  uionth. 
preaching  to  all  who  came,  he  gave 
bond  lor  good  behavior  and  came 
out.  He  was  also  confined  in 
Orange  jail  at  another  time. 

He  was  a  preacher  ot"  usefulness 
for  many  years  after  he  commenc- 
ed ;  but  finally  falling  too  much 
into  land  speculations,  his  minis- 
try was  greatly  hindered.  In  1786 
he  moved  to  Kentucky,  where,  con- 
tinuing his  land  speculations,  that 
bewildering  pursuit,  which  has  ru- 
ined the  reputation  and  visefulness 
of  so  many  in  Kentucky  and  else- 
where, he  became  obnoxious  to  the 
church,  and  was  excommunicated 
in  1791.  How  long  he  stayed  out 
is  not  known.  He  was,  however,  re- 
stored, and  continued  in  the  church 
until  the  year  1808,  when  he  died. 

He  was  naturally  of  a  censori- 
ous temper  ;  and  always  seemed 
better  pleased  to  find  out  the  faults, 
than  the  virtues  of  mankind.  This, 
however,  so  long  as  he  was  warm 
in  religion,  was  checked  by  a  su- 
perior principle;  but  after  he  de- 
clined in  his  religious  exercises, 
and  became  a  land  speculator,  he 
could  seldom  be  pleased.  As  good 
a  proof  as  any  that  can  be  named, 
of  this  peevish  temper,  may  be  ga- 
thered from  two  pamphlets,  his 
only  writings  that  iiave  ever  been 
published.  In  the  one,  he  under- 
took to  prove  that  stationed  preach- 
ers or  pastors  of  churches  are  pre- 
cluded by  scriptures,  from  receiv- 
ing any  compensation  for  their  ser- 
vices. In  this  pamphlet,  he  takes 
so  many  opportunities  to  condemn 
preachers  for  being  money-seekers, 
that  it  would  seem  the  main  de- 
sign of  the  publication  w'as,  to  in- 


dulge a  fault-finding  temper.  His 
other  pamphlet  was  a  personal 
phillipie  against  Jacob  Creath,  on 
account  of  some  private  dispute 
between  Creath  and  a  Mr.  Lewis ; 
the  former  the  pastor,  and  the 
latter,  one  of  the  principal  mem- 
bers of  the  Town-Fork  church,  in 
the  neighborhood  of  Lexington. 
Without  saying  any  thing  about 
the  merits  of  the  case,  or  tlie  pro- 
vocation given  by  Mr.  Creath,  can- 
dor compels  us  to  say,  that  no  pro- 
vocation can,  justify  the  style  of 
this  pamphlet.  It  is  written  with 
a  pen  dipped  in  poison.  The  Bap- 
tists are  a  free  people  ;  and  every 
one  in  these  matters,  says  and  does 
thatwhich  seemeth  right  in  hisown 
eyes ;  but  it  is  to  be  hoped,  that  the 
present,  nor  any  other  generation, 
will  ever  witness  another  publica- 
tion, written  in  the  style  and  tem- 
per of  the  above  pamphlet ;  and 
that,  too,  by  one  Baptist  preacher 
against  another.     Baptist  Library. 

CAMPBELL,  Jesse  H.,  of 
Twiggs  County,  Georgia,  author 
of  Georgia  Baptists :  Historical 
and  Biographical.  Richmond : 
H.  K.  E Hyson.      1847. 

CARTLEDGE,  Samuel,  was 
born  in  North  Carolina,  on  Pedee, 
in  June,  1750.  His  father  remov- 
ed to  Columbia  county,  (or  rather 
to  that  portion  now  so  called,) 
about  1763.  He  was  deeply  con- 
victed under  the  exhortation  given 
by  IVIrs.  Marshall,  (wife  of  Daniel 
Marshall,)  in  1771,  when  her  hus- 
band Avas  arrested  for  preaching  in 
St.  Paul's  parish,  and  was  baptized 
by  him  in  1777.  He  was  deacon 
of  Kiokee  church  some  years,  and 
was  present  at  the  constitution  of 
Fishing  creek  church,  in  1783.  and 
of  the  Georgia  Association  in  1785. 
He  commenced   preaching  about 


154 


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HAYNES'  BAPTIST 


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1789,  was  ordained  by  A.  Marshall 
and  S.  Walker,  and  soon  removed 
to  South  Carolina,  where  he  was 
pastor  of  Plumb  Branch  church 
about  hall'  a  century.  Mr.  Cart- 
ledge  visited  Columbia  county  in 
1848  on  horseback,  and  preached 
as  usual ;  but  in  starting  for  home 
was  thrown  from  his  horse,  and  so 
much  injured  as  to  survive  but  a 
short  time.  He  was  ninety-three 
years  of  age  and  had  been  in  the 
ministry  over  fiity  years. 

Dr.  Cartledge,  who  arrested  Dan- 
iel Marshall  and  took  him  to  Au- 
gusta for  trial,  was  afterwards  bap- 
tized by  Mr.  Marshall,  and  lived 
many  years  with  him  in  church  re- 
lations. How  will  grace  subdue 
our  enmity,  and  make  friends  of 
the  bitterest  enemies  !  This  is  the 
province  of  the  glorious  gospel.  Sin 
separates  the  strongest  I'riendships ; 
but  grace  unites  in  bonds  of  afi'ec- 
tion  that  nothing  can  sunder.  What 
a  pleasing  sight  it  mu.st  have  been 
to  the  spectators  on  the  banks  of 
the  Kiokee,  when  he  who  had  for- 
merly laid  his  hands  on  the  minis- 
ter of  salvation,  saying,  "  You  are 
my  prisoner,"  was  now  led  gently 
into  the  baptismal  waters  by  that 
same  minister,  and  buried  in  the 
name  of  the  Trinity,  in  the  hope 
of  a  blessed  resurrection !  Many  a 
tear  no  doubt  fell  on  that  occasion, 
when  the  meek  preacher  was  re- 
paying his  persecutor  with  good 
will,  and  trying  to  help  him  on  to- 
wards heaven.  Campbell's  Geor- 
gia Baptists. 

CHASTAIN.  For  biographies 
of  this  Virginia  Baptist  Minister, 
also  of  Nathaniel  Chambles,  Jere- 
miah Chandler,  Rufus  Chandler, 
Eleazar  Clay,  Richard  Claybrook, 
and  Lewis  Craig,  see  Taylor's 
Lives  of  Virginia  Baptist  Ministers. 


CHALMERS,    Thomas,    D.  D., 

L.  L.  D.,  Professor  of  Theology  in 
the  University  of  Edinburgh,  and 
Corresponding  Member  of  the  Roy- 
al Institute  of  France.  As  this 
great  Scotch  Presbyterian  departed 
this  lil'e  so  recently,  and  the  know- 
ledge of  himself  and  his  works  is 
jso  iresh  in  the  public  mind  of 
[Christendom,  it  is  simply  appro- 
priate to  quote  his  testimony,  in 
his  Lectures  on  the  Epistle  of  Paul, 
the  Apostle,  to  the  Romans,  New- 
York  Ed.  1848,  where  he  says,  in 
Lecture  xxx.  Rom.  vi.  3,  4  :  "  The 
original  meaning  of  the  word  bap- 
tism is  immersio)i,  and  though  we 
regard  it  as  a  point  of  inditferency, 
whether  the  ordinance  so  named  be 
performed  in  this  way,  or  by 
sprinkling,  yet  we  doubt  not  that 
from  the  prevalent  style  of  the  ad- 
ministration in  the  Apostles'  days, 
was  by  an  actual  submerging  of 
the  whole  body  under  water.  We 
advert  to  this  lor  the  purpose  of 
throwing  light  on  the  analogy  that 
is  instituted  in  these  verses.  Jesus 
Christ,  by  death,  underwent  this 
sort  of  baptism — even  immersion 
under  the  surface  of  the  ground, 
whence  he  soon  emerged  again  by 
His  resurrection.  We,  by  being- 
baptised  into  this  death,  are  con- 
ceived to  have  made  a  similar 
translation.  In  the  act  of  de- 
scending under  the  water,  to  have 
resigned  an  old  life,  and  in  the 
act  of  ascending,  to  emerge  into  a 
second,  or  new,  life  —  along  the 
course  of  which  it  is  our  part  to 
maintain  a  strenuous  avoidance  of 
that  sin,  which  as  good  as  ex- 
punged the  being  that  we  hfid 
Ibrmerly ;  and  a  strenuous  prose- 
cution of  that  holiness,  which 
should  begin  with  the  first  mo- 
ment that  we  were   ushered  into 


CYCLOPAEDIA. 


Ca 


155 


our  present  being,  and  be  perpetu- 
ated, and  make  progress  toward 
the  perfection  of  full  and  ripened 
immortality."  p.  1-52.  Elsewhere 
his  testimony  to  the  piety,  learn- 
ing, talent,  and  religious  enter- 
prise of  his  cotemporary  British 
Baptists,  will  be  introduced. 

CALLAWAY,  Francis,  Sen., 
removed  from  Bedford,  Va.,  to 
Wilkes  county,  Georgia,  and  then 
to  Pendleton,  S.  C.  He  began  to 
preach  in  1795,  and  settled  him- 
self in  Franklin  county  in  1805. 
Was  pastor  of  Hunter's  creek,  Ga. 
and  of  Liberty  and  Clark's  creek, 
S.  C.  His  son.  Rev.  Francis  Cal- 
laway, Jr.,  was  moderator  of  the 
Sarepta  Association,  and  also  of 
Liberty  Association,  Alabama.  He' 
is  one  of  the  most  devoted  and 
useful  preachers  in  the  Southern 
States.  CampbeWs  Georgia  Bap- ; 
tists. 

CLAY,  Joseph,  Rev.  and  Hon. 
The  author  has  been  at  much 
trouble  in  endeavoring  to  obtain 
such  an  account  of  this  great  and 
good  man,  as  he  would  feel  war- 
ranted in  placing  before  the  pub- 
lic, and  as  would  occupy  a  con- 
spicuous place  in  this  work.  Most 
of  those  to  whom  he  has  applied 
have  failed  to  come  to  his  assist- 
ance. He  would  mention  with 
gratitude,  as  an  exception  to  this 
remark.  Honorable  John  31.  Ber- 
rien, to  whom  he  is  mainly  in- 
debted for  the  following  briet!,  but 
deeply  interesting  account. 

Mr.  Clay  was  a  native  Geor- 
gian, and  was  born  in  the  city  of 
Savannah,  August  16,  1764.  Mr. 
Berrien  says,  "  I  knew  him  well  ; 
he  was  the  friend  of  my  father, 
and  my  legal  preceptor.  At  his 
own  request,  1  lived  in  his  family 
in  the  country,  while  engaged   iu 


the  prosecution  of  my  law  studies, 
and  had  therefore  an  opportunity 
of  knowing  and  appreciating  his 
many  virtues.  He  was  descended 
from  one  of  the  oldest  and  most  re- 
spectable families  in  our  State,  and 
was  himself  possessed  of  talents  of 
the  highest  order.  He  was  liberal- 
ly educated,  and  received  the  first 
honor  'u\  the  class  of  which  he 
was  a  member,  at  the  college  of 
Princeton,  where  he  graduated. 
When  many  years  afterwards,  (Mr. 
Berrien  continues,)  I  became  a 
student  of  that  institution  and  a 
member  of  the  Diosophic  Society, 
with  which  he  also  had  been  as- 
sociated, his  name  was  still  cher- 
ished with  affectionate  regard,  and 
the  records  of  the  society  bore  tes- 
timony to  the  estimation  in  which 
he  had  been  held,  while  at  Prince- 
ton. Returning  to  Georgia,  he  en- 
tered upon  the  study  of  the  law, 
and  having  been  admitted  to  the 
bar,  soon  rose  to  the  highest  emi- 
nence in  his  profession.  He  was 
particularly  distinguished  as  an  ad- 
vocate, and  especially  in  criminal 
cases.  I  remember  even  at  this 
distance  of  time,  and  with  as  vivid 
a  recollection  as  if  it  were  an  oc- 
currence of  yesterday,  the  effect 
produced  by  a  speech  of  his,  in  a 
case  of  this  description.  It  is  the 
only  instance  in  my  life,  in  which 
I  have  seen,  in  its  whole  extent 
and  resistless  influence,  the  power 
of  eloquence.  So  far  as  my  obser- 
vation extended,  there  was  not  a 
single  individual  in  a  crowded  au- 
ditory, who  could  command  his 
feelings.  At  the  commencement 
of  the  trial,  the  popular  feeling 
was  strongly  excited  against  the 
accused,  but  an  instant  acquittal 
was  the  result ;  and  when  the 
trial  was  ended,  men  wondered  at 


156 


Ca 


HAYNES'  BAPTIST 


Ca 


the  means  by  which  such  result 
had  been  accomplished. 

"  Mr.  Clay  was  a  leading  mem- 
ber of  the  convention  which  formed 
the  present  constitution  of  Georgia. 
The  original  draught  was  carefully 
prepared  by  him  in  his  retirement, 
but  the  convoition  met  in  times  of 
high  party  excitement,  from  the 
then  recent  controversy  about  the 
sale  of  our  western  lands,  common- 
ly denominated  the  Yazoo  lands, 
and  the  plan  of  government,  sub- 
mitted by  Mr.  Clay,  received  va- 
rious modifications,  which  di- 
minished its  value. 

"  Mr.  Clay  was  called  from  his 
retirement,  (in  what  precise  year  I 
do  not  recollect,)  to  fill  the  office  of 
district  judge  of  the  United  States 
for  the  district  of  Georgia,  and  pre- 
sided in  that  court  for  several 
years,  with  distinguished  ability 
and  with  universal  approbation. 
But  he  was  destined,  in  the  provi- 
dence of  God,  to  a  higher  sphere 
of  action.  Mr.  Clay  had  always 
been  a  moral  man.  His  disposi- 
tion was  peculiarly  amiable,  and 
he  was  distinguished  by  a  warm 
and  active  benevolence.  These, 
combined  with  his  social  qualities, 
made  him  an  object  of  universal 
affection  and  respect  in  the  com- 
munity in  which  he  lived.  If  any 
one  of  that  community  had  been 
requested  to  point  to  a  man  of 
blameless  conduct,  he  would  have 
been  designated.  He  alone  did 
not  concur  in  this  judgment. 
While  he  was  yet  actively  engaged 
in  his  judicial  duties,  the  subject 
of  religion  presented  itself  to  his 
mind  and  engrossed  bis  thoughts. 
He  became  deeply  impressed  with 
a  sense  of  his  own  unworthiness, 
and  was  happily  enabled  to  seek 
and  to  find  relief  in  the  atoning 


blood  of  the  Redeemer.  He  la- 
bored, for  a  considerable  time,  un- 
der great  inental  depression  ;  but 
when  at  length  he  was  enabled  to 
discern  the  path  of  duty,  he  did 
not  hesitate  to  pursue  it.  He  re- 
signed his  judicial  office,  and  de- 
voted himself  to  the  nunistry,  with 
a  persuasive  eloquence,  but  yet 
more,  with  a  sincere,  and  humble 
but  ardent  piety,  which  was,  I 
trust,  by  the  blessing  of  God,  ef- 
ficient in  the  salvation  ol'  many 
souls.  In  concluding  this  hurried 
and  very  imperfect  sketch,  I  can 
only  add,  that  among  those  witli 
whom  it  has  been  my  fortune  to 
be  associated  in  life,  he  stands  pre- 
eminently distinguished  for  his  ta- 
lents, his  virtues,  and  his  piety  ; 
and  that  his  affection,  his  kindness, 
and  his  counsels,  are  among  my 
most  valued  recollections." 

It  is  with  singular  pleasure  the 
author  records  the  above  testimony 
of  Georgia's  most  distinguished 
son,  concerning  one  of  the  most 
gifted  men  ever  connected  with 
our  denomination  in  this  country. 

From  other  sources,  the  follow- 
ing additional  facts  have  been 
gathered.  It  was  under  the  minis- 
try of  Dr.  Holcombe,  that  Mr. 
Clay  was  converted,  and  by  hiin 
was  baptized.  He  was  brought  up 
under  Episcopal  influence,  and, 
even  after  he  professed  hope  in 
Christ,  was  much  perplexed  on  the 
subject  of  baptism.  At  one  time 
he  was  conversing  with  the  elder 
Fuller,  of  Beaufort,  on  the  subject, 
and  came  to  the  conclusion  that  he 
would  throw  aside  all  books  except 
the  Bible,  and  search  that  only. 
His  psedobaptist  friends  drew  the 
very  natural  inference,  "  Then 
he'll  be  a  Baptist."  So  it  turneil 
out;  for  he  was   baptized  and  li- 


CYCLOPAEDIA. 


157 


censed  in  1802,  at  Savannah,  and 
ordained  in  1804  by  Messrs.  Fur- 
man,  Cook,  and  Holcoinbe. 

He  preached  in  most  of  the  ci- 
ties of  the  United  States,  and  final- 
ly settled  in  Boston,  the  successor 
of  Rev.  Dr.  Stillman.  But  his 
race  was  short,  having  died  in  that 
city,  January  11,  1811.  Mr.  Clay 
was  a  ripe  scholar,  a  profound  ju- 
rist, a  persuasive  orator,  a  refined 
gentleman,  an  humble  christian. 
His  family  connexions  are  nume- 
rous and  highly  respectable.  The 
Rev.  Joseph  Clay  IStyles^  a  Presby- 
terian minister,  "  whose  good  re- 
port is  in  all  the  churches,"  (now 
pastor  of  a  church  in  Richmond, 
Virginia,)  is  a  nepliew  of  Mr.  Clay. 
— Georgia  Baptists. 

CHEYNE,  George,  M.  D.  A| 
verv'  learned  and  celebrated  physi- ; 
cian  and  most  voluminous  author. 
He  published  among  other  works 
— An  essay  on  Health  and  Long 
Life,  Lond.  1725,  8vo.,  in  which, 
pp.  100-101,  he  says: — "I  cannot 
forbear  recommending  cold  batli- 
ing,  and  I  cannot  sufficiently  ad- 
mire how  it  should  ever  come  into 
such  disuse,  especially  among 
Christians,  when  commanded  by 
the  greatest  law-giver  that  ever 
was,  under  the  direction  of  God's 
Holy  Spirit,  to  his  chosen  people, 
and  perpetuated  to  us  in  the  i7n- 
mersion  at  Baptism  by  the  same 
Spirit,  who  with  infinite  wisdom, 
in  this,  as  in  eA'erything  else  that 
regards  the  temporal  felicity  of  his 
creatures,  combines  their  duty  with 
their  happiness."  See  Booth,  p. 
159.  It  is  indeed  singular  that 
all  medical  professors  and  practiti- 
oners in  all  ages,  nations,  climates 
and  seasons,  recommend  bathing 
in  cold  water,  which  is  found  to  be 
not  only  pleasant,  but  beneficial  to 


the    greatest   invalids ;    and 
many  object    to    immersion 


how 
as   a 

Christian  institute,  that  it  hazards 
the  health  and  life  '. 

CLEAVER,  Robert.  A  Psedo- 
baptist  author  of  several  works ; 
in  some  of  which  his  name  is  asso- 
ciated in  the  title  with  William 
Flinde,  and  in  others  with  the 
name  of  John  Dod.  See  Dod, 
John,  and  in  Bib.  Brit.  Articles 
Cleaver  and  Dod.  A  work  enti- 
tled. The  Patrimony  of  Christian 
Children,  by  Dod  and  Cleaver, 
was  published  in  Lond.  1624.  See 
Hanburvs  Memorials. 

CLEVELAND,  John.  A  Ptedo- 
baptist  author  of — A  Treatise  on 
Infant  Baptism.  Ipswich,  Mass., 
1784. 

CLEVELAND,  John,  A  native 
of  Virginia,  settled  himself  in  Pen- 
dleton district.  South  Carolina,  in 
1782,  on  Tugalo  river,  near  the 
Georgia  line.  He  was  instrumen- 
tal in  originating  the  Chaugie 
church  during  the  next  year.  In 
1815  this  church  reports  to  the  as- 
sociation one  hundred  and  fifty-five 
baptized  :  total  two  liundred  and 
sixty-five.  Mr.  Cleveland  did  not 
reside  in  our  State,  but  his  labors 
were  abundant  among  the  churches 
of  the  Tugalo  Association,  most  of 
which  were  located  in  Georgia.  At 
the  session  of  1819,  were  four  aged 
patriarchal  ministers,  whose  heads 
were  whitened  with  the  snows  of 
fourscore  winters,  viz  :  ./olin  Cleve- 
land., Dozier  Thornton,  John 
White,  and  Francis  Callaway,  Sr. 
Mr.  Cleveland  died  soon  after. — 
Campbell's  Georgia  Baptists. 

CICERO,  Marcus  Tullu's.  It 
might  seem  quite  singular  that  the 
name  of  this  celebrated  Roman 
orator  and  poet,  should  stand  at 
the  head  of  an  article  in  this  work, 


158 


Ci 


HAYNES'  BAPTIST 


Co 


who  died  43  years  before  the 
Christian  era,  in  his  64th  year. 
In  a  catalogue  of  his  works,  and 
their  various  editions  and  transla- 
tions, which  would  fill  not  less 
than  twelve  pages  of  this  work, 
we  find  printed  with  his  works 
— Per  Baptismam  de  Tortis,  edi- 
tions 1479,  1481,  1482,  1487,  with 
commentaries  on  it,  and  various 
other  editions  at  Venice,  Paris, 
Oxford,  Lond.,  &c.  Something 
may  be  proved  from  this  work 
on  the  literal  and  figurative 
meaning  of  Baptisur  in  its  Latin- 
ized use.   Bib.  Brit. 

CHIDLEY,  Samuel.  A  Psdo- 
baptist  author.  Of  his  works,  one 
was  entitled — The  Separatists  An- 
swer to  the  Anabaptists'  Arguments 
concerning  Baptism,  Lond.  1651, 
4to.  Bib.  Brit. 

CHILES,  James.  A  minister  of 
the  Separate  Baptists,  first  in  Vir- 
ginia and  then  in  South  Carolina. 
Previous  to  his  conversion  he  was 
exceeding  wild,  profane,  and  ad- 
dicted to  fighting  and  gambling. 
He  was  eccentric,  and  inclined  to 
be  superstitious  even  after  he  en- 
tered the  ministry.  By  his  instru- 
mentality however,  the  gospel  was 
first  introduced  into  Blue  Run, 
and  also  Albemarle  county,  Virgi- 
nia, where  his  labors  were  very 
successful.  He  also  planted  a 
Church  in  South  Carolina.  The 
manner  of  his  death  was  remark- 
able. He  seems  to  have  been 
overwhelmed  with  melancholy  on 
account  of  severe  misfortunes  in 
his  temporal  affairs,  and  in  appa- 
rent health,  went  to  a  house  and 
told  the  lady  that  he  had  received 
divine  evidence  that  he  had  come 
there  to  die  that  day,  which  really 
occurred.  Thus  ended  the  life  of 
a  most  unpolished  but  useful  mi' 


nister.    See  Baptist  Library,  vol.  1, 
p.  291. 

CHILTON,  Richard.  Author 
of — Some  Observations  on  a  small 
pamphlet,  published  by  the  Rev. 
!  Mr.  John  Lewis,  of  Margate ;  en- 
i  titled,  A  Vindication  of  the  An- 
cient Britains,  and  the  Pighards  of 
Bohemia  from  the  False  Accusa- 
tion of  being  Anabaptists,  &c. 
Lond.  1748,  8vo.     Bib.  Brit. 

COLEYNE.  Archbishop  of. 
One  incumbent  of  these  dignita- 
ries is  represented  as  author  of — 
Institution  of  Baptism.  Lond. 
8vo.     No  date  is  given.    Bib.  Brit. 

COCCEIUS,  or  COCK,  John, 
Professor  of  Hebrew  at  Rheims, 
where  he  was  born,  1603 ;  died 
1669.  He  published  numerous 
learned  and  critical  works  in  La- 
tin, chiefly  biblical,  and  among 
them  one  entitled — De  Fcedere  et 
Testamento  Dei  Cum  Homine 
Disputationes.  xlvii.  Frank.  1648, 
12mo;  and — Summa  Doctrinte, 
de  Fcedere  et  Testamento  Dei. 
Ludg.  Bat.  8vo.  Genevse,  1655, 
4to,  which  is  quoted  as  follows, 
c.  vi.  §  209  :  "We  are  buried  with 
him  by  Baptism  into  death.  Rom. 
vi.  3.  4,  5.  We  are  Baptised  into 
death,  by  which  the  servitude  of 
sin  is  laid  aside,  and  thus  a  seal 
of  our  communion  with  him  is  be- 
stowed on  us,  that  we  may  be  con- 
sidered as  buried  with  him.  In 
baptism  there  is  a  resemblance  of 
our  Lord's  death."  "  The  sacra- 
ments, properly  speaking,  were  in- 
stituted for  believers,  and  given  to 
them,  Rom.  vii.,  that  is,  for  those 
'  wlio  hunger  and  thirst  after 
righteousness.'"  In  cap.  xii.  352,  he 
says :  "  Except  a  man  be  born  of 
the  water  and  the  Spirit,  that  is, 
by  the  imputation  of  the  merit 
of  Christ,  and  the  power  of  the 


Co 


CYCLOPEDIA. 


Co 


159 


Holy  Spirit."  Booth,  pp.  62, 183, 
356. 

CORVINUS,  Anthony.  Author 
of  De  miserabili  Monasteriensiuui 
Anabaptistaruin,  obsitlioiie,  exci- 
dio,  ineinorabilibus  rebus  tempore 
obsidiouis  in  urbe  gestis,  Episto- 
la.  Viteb.  1536,  4to.  Basil,  1541, 
8vo.  Arg.  1548.  Bib.  Brit.  Bene- 
dict, p.  204,  quotes  us  as  dating 
this  work,  Witternb.  1526,  which 
is  an  error,  perhap.s  typographical. 

COL  LI  INS,  ^^'ILLIAM,  was  co- 
pastorot'  a  Baptist  Church  in  Lond. 
in  connexion  with  Dr.  Neheniiah 
Coxe.  After  obtaining  the  esteem 
of  Busby,  3'oung  Collins  travelled 
in  France  and  Italy,  and  on  re- 
turning to  his  own  country,  reject- 
ed every  oft'er  that  was  made  him 
to  join  the  establishment,  "•  for  it 
was  conscience,  not  honor,  that 
made  him  a  dissenter."  In  his  fu- 
neral sermon,  which  was  printed 
in  London  in  1702,  it  is  said,  that 
having  set  apart  a  day  of  fasting 
and  prayer,  in  order  to  seek  divine 
aid  as  to  the  disposal  of  himself  in 
the  exercise  of  the  ministry,  on 
that  very  evening  he  received  an 
invitation  to  settle  as  a  pastor,  from 
a  church  which  lay  in  that  part  of 
London  called  Petty  France.  The 
coincidence  made  a  favorable  im- 
pression on  his  mind,  and  a  con- 
nexion was  formed  which  continu- 
ed to  his  death.  The  foregoing  is 
copied  from  Hague's  Chvu'ch  Trans- 
planted, appendix  ;  pp.  160-161. 
Walter  Wilson  says  :  "  We  know 
nothing  more  of  this  person,  than 
that  he  published  a  small  volume 
of  sermons,  six  in  number,  and 
that  he  was  settled  in  Petticoat- 
Lane  in  1748.  His  successor  was 
Thomas  Davis."  This  must 
have  been  the  same  William 
Collins. 


COLLINS,  Hercules,  Author  of 
— Antidote  to  the  Prevalency  of 
Ana  baptism.  Lond.  1673,  4to.  2. 
A  Discourse  on  Job  iii.  17-19. 
Lond.  1684,  4to.  3.  The  Antidote 
proved  a  Counteri'eit,  or  error  de- 
tected, and  Believer's  Baptism 
Vindicated.  Lond.  1693.  4.  The 
Temple  Repaired  ;  a  Sermon  on  2 
Tim.  ii.  15.  Lond.  1702,  8vo. 
Bib.  Brit.  From  the  titles  of  the 
first  and  third  of  the  above  works, 
it  M^ould  seem  that  Mr.  Collins 
was  first  a  Pa^dobaptist,  and  sub- 
sequently, a  Baptist.  Mr.  Bene- 
dict omits  all  of  the  foregoing,  but 
gives  the  following :  5.  Believ- 
ers' Baptism  from  Heaven  and  of 
Divine  Institution ;  Infant  Bap- 
tism from  earth  and  of  human  In- 
stitution. In  answer  to  Mr.  John 
W'ells'  work  entitled  Baptism  Ana- 
tomised, in  which  he  says  of  the 
Baptists,  "  their  baptism  is  not 
from  heaven,  but  will-worship, 
being  received  from  one  Mr. 
Smyth,  who  baptized  himself,'' 
&c.   1691.     Benedict,  159. 

CONRIUS,  Florentine,  a  na- 
tive Irishman,  author  of — De  Statu 
Parvulorum  sine  Baptismo  dece- 
dentium,  Lon.  1624,  4to.Paris,1641. 
Bib.  Brit. 

COLLINGES,  or  COLLINGS, 
John.  A  non-conformist  oi  Eng- 
land, died  1690.  He  was  a  volumi- 
nous writer,  and  published — The 
Improveableness  of  Water-Bap- 
tism ;  in  a  Discourse  concerning 
the  gravity  and  seriousness  of  the 
action,  and  the  usefulness  of  its 
.sound  institution.  Lond.  1681,  4to. 
Bib.  Brit. 

COOKE,  P.  Author  of— History 
of  Anabaptism.  Massachusetts, 
1846.  An  inconsiderable  work,  not 
very  creditable  to  its  Paidobaptist 
author.  Benedict,  page  926,  note. 


160 


Co 


HAYNES'  BAPTIST 


Co 


COOK,  Joseph.  Mr.  Cook  was 
born  of  pious  parents  in  the  city 
of  Bath,  Somersetshire,  England, 
and  called  by  divine  grace  in  the 
early  part  of  his  life,  under  the  mi- 
nistry of  the  late  celebrated  and 
much  esteemed  Kev.  George 
Whitefield,  at  the  chapel  of  the 
late  Countess  Dowager  of  Hunt- 
ingdon, at  Bath.  Mr.  Whitefield 
was  exceedingly  kind  to  him,  and 
often  took  him  out  with  him  in  his 
carriage  to  converse  with  him  about 
divine  things.  As  he  very  soon 
gave  clear  evidence,  not  only  of  a 
sound  conversion,  but  also  that  he 
had  ministerial  gifts.  Lady  Hunt- 
ingdon, who  had  a  great  regard  for 
him,  which  continued  to  her  dying 
day,  sent  him  in  the  nineteenth 
year  of  his  age,  to  her  college  at 
Treveca,  in  Brecknockshire,  South 
Wales.  Here  he  applied  himself 
closely  to  his  studies,  and  made 
considerable  improvement.  He 
was  much  esteemed  by  his  tutors 
and  fellow-students,  being  of  a 
good  obliging  temper ;  but  what 
most  endeared  him  was  his  lively, 
spiritual  turn  of  mind,  and  his  rea- 
diness to  help  and  comfort  any 
who  were  in  trouble.  His  very 
first  excursion  in  the  villages  to  ex- 
ercise his  gifts,  the  Lord  owned,  so 
that  he  preached  with  acceptance 
and  success. 

La  September,  1771,  Lady  Hunt- 
ingdon received  a  sensible  anony- 
mous letter,  requesting  her  to  send 
a  minister  to  Margate,  in  the  Isle 
of  Thanet,  describing  it  as  a  licen- 
tious place,  particularly  at  the  wa- 
tering season.  She  made  known 
the  contents  of  it  to  one  of  her  se- 
nior students,  Mr.  William  Ald- 
ridge,  and  gave  him  the  liberty  of 
choosing  any  student  he  pleased 
in  the  college   to  accompany  and 


assist  him  in  this  important  work. 
He  fixed  upon  Mr.  Cook,  who  cor- 
dially approved  of  the  design.  Pre- 
parations, therefore,  were  made  for 
the  journey,  and  after  taking  an 
affectionate  leave  of  all  the  college, 
attended  with  many  hearty  pray- 
ers for  their  safety  and  prosperity, 
they  proceeded  to  the  place  of  ac- 
tion. Being  utterly  unknown  to 
any  person  at  Margate,  they  began 
to  preach  out  of  doors.  Many  at- 
tended and  not  in  vain.  Several 
were  savingly  wrought  upon,  and 
turned  from  the  error  of  their 
ways,  while  old  professors  were 
stirred  up,  who  seemed  to  have 
settled  upon  their  lees ;  and  now 
these  itinerants  preached  not  only 
at  Margate,  but  at  many  other  pla- 
ces in  the  Isle  of  Thanet. 

About  this  time,  many  persons 
in  Dover,  not  satisfied  with  Mr. 
Wesley's  ministers  and  doctrine, 
having  left  his  meeting,  and  as- 
sembled in  a  private  room  for  ex- 
hortation and  prayer,  sent  a  very 
pressing  invitation  to  Messrs.  Ald- 
ridge  and  Cook,  which  they  accept- 
ed. The  former  preached  at  Do- 
ver for  the  first  time,  in  the  market 
place,  on  a  Sabbath  day,  but  met 
with  great  opposition.  A  Presby- 
terian meeting-house,  which  had 
been  shut  up  for  a  considerable 
time,  was  therefore  procured  by 
the  persons  who  had  given  them 
the  invitation,  in  which  Mr.  Ald- 
ridge  and  his  colleague  ever  after- 
wards preached,  while  they  conti- 
nued at  Dover.  It  was  now  agreed 
on  by  all  parties,  that  Messrs. 
Aldridgeand  Cook  should  supply 
Margate  and  Dover  constantly,  and 
change  every  week  :  accordingly 
Mr.  Cook  came  to  Dover,  and 
preached  on  the  next  Tuesday 
evening.     His  first  text  was  Heb. 


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161 


ii.  3,   "  How  shall  we  escape  if  we! 
neglect  so  great  salvation."     Many 
attended,  and  were  much  struck  at 
the  sight  of  such  a  youth,  who  de- 
livered   his   discourse     extempore, 
which  was  a  new  thing  to  most  of  j 
them.     This  sermon,  was,    he  he-  { 
lieves,    peculiarly    blessed    to  Mr.  j 
At  wood,    now  one  of  the   Baptist 
ministers  at  Falkstone  in  Kent,  so 
that  he  was  obliged  to  say,  "  Here 
is  a  man  that  has  told  me  all  things 
that  ever  I  did  :  surely  he  is  a  ser- 
vant of  Christ."'     Mr.  Cook    conti- 
nued to  supply  Dover  iu   his  turn, 
for  some    time,  and    was  remark- 
ably   useful    in    winning   souls  to 
Christ.     Mr.   Cook   and  Mr.  Ald- 
ridge     preached     occasionally     at 
Deal ;  and  at  Falkstone  their  word 
was  signally  blessed  to  many,  se- 
veral of   whom  afterwards  joined  [ 
the    Baptist   interest,    and    one  of; 
them  became  a  deacon  in  Mr.  At-  j 
wood's  church.  | 

Two  years  after,  the  students 
were  called  in  from  all  parts  of  the  \ 
country  to  the  college  in  Wales,  to  j 
form  a  mission  for  North  America,  \ 
as  very  pleasing  and  encouraging 
letters  had  been  received  by  Lady  j 
Huntingdon,  desiring  her  to  send 
faithful  and  zealous  ministers 
thither.  She  therefore  willingly 
entered  into  the  plan,  laying  the 
whole  of  it  before  the  students, 
with  her  earnest  request  that  they 
would  take  the  same  into  mature 
consideration,  and  especially  make 
it  a  matter  of  prayer  ;  and  that 
then,  those  who  saw  their  way 
clear  to  go,  would  declare  it.  At 
length,  Mr.  Cook,  with  others,  free- 
ly offered  themselves  for  this  ser- 
vice, came  up  to  London,  and  re- 
lated their  views  of  this  work  be- 
fore many  thousands  in  the  taber- 
nacle, Moorfields,  and  elsewhere  ; 


an  account  of  which  was  printed. 
After  taking  a  very  affecting  I'are- 
weli,  they  embarked  for  America, 
with  the  Rev.  jMr.  Percy,  who  af- 
terwards returned  and  had  a  meet- 
ing house  at  Woolwich  in  Kent. 

However,  the  ship  was  detained 
in  the  Downs  by  contrary  wind. 
Mr.  Cook,  being  so  near,  wished  to 
see  his  friends  at  Dover  once  more. 
He  went  therefore  unexpectedly, 
and  preached  a  lecture,  which  was 
remarkably  owned.  Several  of  his 
fellow-students  also  went  the  next 
Sabbath  to  Dover  to  preach.  A 
fair  and  brisk  gale  sprung  up  in 
the  night ;  the  ship  sailed,  and 
they  were  all  left  behind.  Two 
of  them  remained  in  England,  Mr. 
Henry  Mead,  a  minister  now  be- 
longing to  the  establishment,  in 
London,  and  Mr.  William  White, 
since  deceased.  Mr.  Cook,  with 
the  rest,  were  yet  determined  on 
the  voyage,  and  prosecuted  the 
plan.  On  their  arrival  in  Ame- 
rica, as  they  had  all  preached  in 
England,  and  considered  them- 
selves authorized  to  do  so  upon 
their  general  plan,  they  travelled 
about  the  country,  and  preached 
with  much  acceptance  among  se- 
rious Christians  of  every  denomina- 
tion, but  particularly  among  the 
,  Baptists,  whom  he  found  in  a  live- 
ly state  of  religion  at  that  time. 
Though  these  students,  were  com- 
monly considered  as  belongijig  to 
the  Episcopal  church,  then  the  es- 
tablished religion  of  the  southern 
colonies,  and  seemed  fond  to  keep 
up  this  idea  among  the  populace, 
yet  they  generally  appeared  pleased 
with  the  company  and  conversa- 
tion of  the  Baptists ;  and  the  most 
of  them  gave  it  to  be  understood, 
that  they  had  received  convictions 
I  respecting  the  justice  and  propriety 


162 


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HAYNES"  BAPTIST 


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of  the  Baptists'  distinguishing  sen- 
timents, which,  by  one  or  two  of 
the  students,  was  represented  to 
have  arisen  from  the  introduction 
of  a  young  man  of  Baptist  princi- 
ples into  the  Countess'  seminary 
at  Wales,  whose  arguments  had  j 
made  so  great  an  impression  on  the  [ 
minds  of  the  students,  that  her  la- 1 
dyship  thought  proper  to  discard 
him.  Mr.  Cook,  however,  kept 
himself  considerably  reserved,  and  ; 
more  at  a  distance  irom  the  Baptist 
churches  than  the  rest.  Messrs. , 
Hill  and  Cosson,  after  fully  profess- 
ing Baptist  sentiments  in  their  con-  j 
versation  among  the  Baptists,  join- 
ed the  Presbyterians.  Mr.  Roberts, 
who  had  professed  the  same  in  a 
letter  to  one  of  the  Baptist  minis- 
ters, united  himself  with  a  respect- 
able congregation  of  Independents 
in  Georgia ;  and,  on  some  misun- 
derstanding arising,  left  off  preach- 
ing, took  a  commission  in  the  army, 
rose  to  the  rank  of  lieutenant-colo- 
nel, and  died.  Mr.  Lewis  Rich- 
ards for  a  while  suppressed  his  con- 
victions, and  engaged  in  a  parish, 
as  a  candidate  for  the  rectorship, 
but  some  time  after  united  himself 
to  the  Baptist  church  at  the  High 
Hills  of  Santee,  was  baptized  by 
the  Rev.  Mr.  Furman,  and  is  now  a 
pastor  of  the  Baptist  church  in 
Baltimore,  Maryland. 

Mr.  Cook  had  obtained  the  office 
of  a  parish,  but  on  his  marriage 
with  a  young  lady.  Miss  Elizabeth 
Bnlline,  of  Baptist  parents,  then 
dead,  at  the  village  of  Dorchester, 
about  eighteen  miles  from  Charles- 
ton, he  determined  to  settle  there, 
and  preach  to  a  mixed  people ;  in 
respect  of  religious  profession,  a 
great  part  of  them  were,  and  are 
Episcopalians;  a  number,  the  pos- 
terity of  a  Baptist  church,  which 


has  become  extinct,  that  once  flou- 
rished under  the  ministry  of  the 
Rev.  Isaac  Chanler,  a  pious  and 
eminent  divine ;  and  the  remains 
of  an  Independent  congregation, 
removed  to  Georgia,  the  same  men- 
tioned above,  to  which  Mr.  Roberts 
had  united.  With  the  latter,  Mr. 
Cook  formed  his  closest  connection, 
preaching  ordinarily  in  the  place 
of  worship  belonging  to  them. 
The  dispute  between  Great  Britain 
and  the  colonies  was  now  become 
very  serious ;  the  sword  was 
drawn :  blood  had  begun  to  de- 
luge the  field  of  battle,  and  a  gen- 
eral concern  for  religious  as  well  as 
civil  liberty,  possessed  the  breasts 
of  the  Americans.  A  temporary 
form  of  government,  agreed  o-n  by 
South  Carolina,  while  a  reconcili- 
ation to  Great  Britain  on  equita- 
ble principles  was  hoped  for,  had 
continued  the  partial  establish- 
ment, and  legal  support  of  the 
Church  of  England.  This  convinc- 
ed the  Dissenters  of  the  necessity 
of  uniting  and  making  vigorous 
exertions  for  obtaining  the  equal 
enjoyment  of  all  the  privileges 
proper  to  a  free  people.  For  they 
now  saw  that  the  Episcopalians, 
who  generally  possessed  the  most 
conspicuous  stations,  with  their 
usual  appendages  of  wealth  and 
influence,  while  they  declaimed 
against  the  unconstitutional  claims 
of  Great  Britain,  and  were  very 
fond  of  receiving  the  assistance  of 
their  dissenting  brethren  in  the 
national  struggle,  were  determined 
to  secure  to  themselves  every  ex- 
clusive and  partial  advantage  in 
their  power. 

An  invitation  was  now  given  to 
ministers  and  churches  of  various 
denominations,  but  principally  to 
the  Baptists,  among  whom  the  bu- 


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163 


siness  originated,  to  meet  at  the 
High  Hills  ol"  Sautee,  at  the  seat 
of  the  Baptist  church  there,  which 
is  nearly  the  centre  of  the  State,  to 
consult  their  general  interests.  To  I 
this  meeting,  which  was  held  ear- 
h'  in  1776,  came  Mr.  Cook,  with 
two  otlier  of  the  young  gentlemen 
mentioned  above,  and  continued 
there  to  the  next  Sabbath,  after 
the  business  Avas  concluded,  which 
being  the  season  for  the  adminis- 
tration of  the  Lord's  Supper  in  that 
church,  divine  worship  was  pub- 
licly attended  on  the  two  preced- 
ing days.  On  Saturday,  ]VIr.  Cook 
had  an  invitation  to  preach  ;  and  a 
little  beibre  service  began,  he  took 
aside  Mr.  Hart,  the  minister  of  the 
Baptist  church  at  Charleston,  who 
had  staid  to  assist  at  the  solemnity, 
and  Mr.  Furman,  the  pastor  of  the 
church  at  Sautee,  who  was  then  i 
very  young  in  the  ministry,  and 
has  since  succeeded  Mr.  Hart  in 
Charleston,  requesting  their  advice 
on  a  matter  under  which  his  mind 
labored.  They  were  informed  by 
him,  tl;iat  he  had,  for  a  consider- 
able time,  ielt  strong  convictions 
respecting  the  propriety  of  believ- 
ers' baptism,  and  its  necessity  in 
order  to  a  universal  obedience  of 
Christ,  in  a  becoming  manner ; 
that  he  had  endeavored  to  silence 
his  conscience,  and  avoid  the 
means  of  conviction,  during  a  great 
part  of  the  time  ;  but  that  of  late 
he  had  felt  such  guilt  and  shame 
in  reflecting  on  his  past  conduct, 
as  compelled  him  to  a  serious  con- 
sideration of  the  subject,  with  a  full 
determination  of  heart  to  do  what- 
ever appeared  to  be  the  will  of 
God ;  and  that  the  result  of  this 
investigation  was  the  most  satis- 
factory evidence  in  favor  of  what 
he  had  so  long  thought  to  be  his 


duty.  This,  with  the  forcible  ap- 
plication to  his  mind  of  Annanias' 
address  to  Paul,  ''And  now,  why 
tarriest  thou  ?  Arise  and  be  bap- 
tized, and  wash  away  thy  sins, 
calling  upon  the  name  of  the 
Lord,"  made  him  anxious  to  com- 
ply  with  his  duty  without  delay, 
especially  as  a  favorable  opportu- 
nity then  offered.  •'  I  have  only 
to  add,  gentlemen,"  concluded  he, 
"that  I  should  be  glad  of  your  ad- 
vice, whether  to  embrace  the  ordi- 
nance immediately,  or  defer  it  to 
be  administered  among  the  people 
where  I  live  ;  and  if  1  submit  to 
it  immediately,  seeing  my  senti- 
ments and  intention  have  been  hi- 
therto unknown  to  .the  public, 
whether  it  would  be  proper  to 
make  Annanias'  address  to  St. 
Paul,  just  now  mentioned,  and 
from  which  I  have  felt  so  much 
conviction,  the  subject  of  the  dis- 
course I  am  about  to  deliver,  and 
Justin  the  light  I  now  behold  it, 
as  it  applies  to  myself  ?  This,  I 
confess,  is  the  dictate  of  my  own 
mind,  and  I  would  not  wish  to  act 
unadvisedly." 

The  ministers  were  both  of  opi- 
nion, that  it  would  be  best  not  to 
delay  the  administration,  and  that 
it  was  proper  he  should  follow  the 
dictate  of  his  own  mind  respecting 
the  subject  and  method  of  preach- 
ing proposed.  He  preached  ac- 
cordingly, to  the  surprise  and  con- 
viction of  many,  and  was  the  next 
day  baptized  by  the  pastor  of  that 
church,  the  Rev.  Mr.  Furman, 
after  satisfying  the  church  respect- 
ing his  acquaintance  with  experi- 
mental religion ;  and  on  farther 
consideration,  having  enjoyed  his 
visits  before,  and  being  fully  satis- 
fied with  his  ministerial  qualifica- 
tions,   they  began  to    contemplate 


his  ordination.  He  was  according- 
ly ordained  a  few  days  after  by 
Mr.  Hart  and  Mr.  Fnrman.  A 
vacancy  having  taken  place  in 
the  chnrch  of  Enhaw,  by  the 
death  of  an  excellent  divine,  the 
Rev.  Francis  Pelot,  Mr.  Cook  soon 
received  a  call  to  take  the  pastoral 
care  of  it,  which  he  accepted,  and 
preached  there  without  interrup- 
tion lor  some  time  ;  but  the  inva- 
sion of  the  State  taking  place,  and 
his  exposed  situation  nea.r  the  sea- 
coast,  having  already  subjected 
him  to  losses  and  distress,  he  re- 
moved to  an  interior  part  of  the 
country,  where  he  continued  to 
the  conclusion  of  the  war,  but  suf- 
fered anew  in  the  ravages  of  the 
State  by  the  troops  under  Lord 
Cornwallis  and  other  commanders, 
so  that  when  he  returned  to  the 
Euhaw,  on  the  commencement  of 
the  peace,  he  was  reduced  to  a  state 
of  poverty.  Previous  to  his  leaving 
Euhaw,  he  had  lost  his  first  wife, 
and  married  a  second  ;  some  cir- 
cumstances attending  this  mar- 
riage, gave  displeasure  to  a  number 
of  his  I'riends,  and  himself  acknow- 
ledged he  was  chargeable  with  im- 
prudence in  the  transaction,  for 
which  he  was  sorry. 

Hitherto  nothing  very  consider- 
able had  appeared  in  Mr.  Cook's 
ministry  in  America,  towards  pro- 
moting the  kingdom  of  Christ ;  but 
on  his  return  to  his  church,  having 
passed  through  some  humbling 
scenes,  and  entered  more  fully  into 
the  Gospel  spirit,  he  labored  with 
much  success.  The  church  had 
been  greatly  reduced  before  he 
took  charge  of  it,  and  at  his  return 
was  almost  become  extinct ;  yet  it 
pleased  God,  by  his  ministry,  to 
add  a  pleasing  number  to  it  in  a 
few  years.     The  account  of  addi- 


tions, by  baptism,  presented  to  the 
association  tor  the  five  last  years 
of  his  life,  was  seventy-eight ;  ma- 
ny of  these  are  persons  of  real 
worth  and  respectability. 

In  the  September  of  1790,  he 
wrote  a  letter  to  Mr.  Rippon,  of  Lon- 
don, in  which  he  gave  a  jjleasing 
account  of  the  believing  Negro 
church  at  Savannah,  and  then  ad- 
ded, "  My  sphere  of  action  is  great, 
having  two  congregations  to  re- 
gard, at  a  considerable  distance 
from  each  other,  exclusive  of  this 
where  I  reside;  as,  also,  friendly 
visits  to  pay  to  sister  churches, 
and  societies  of  other  denomina- 
tions, who  are  destitute  of  minis- 
ters, frequently  riding  under  a 
scorching  sun,  with  a  fever,  twen- 
ty miles  in  a  morning,  and  then 
preach  afterwards.  Our  brethren 
in  England  have  scarcely  any  idea 
of  what  hardships  we  struggle  with 
who  travel  to  propagate  the  Gos- 
pel. I  have  been  in  a  very  poor 
state  of  health  for  two  months, 
but  it  has  not  prevented  an  atten- 
tion to  the  duties  of  my  station. 
O,  what  a  blessing  is  health !  We 
cannot  be  too  thankful  for  it." 

This  good  man  had  now  almost 
finished  his  course.  The  circum- 
stances of  his  dissolution  may  be 
collected  from  a  letter,  written  by 
one  of  his  dear  friends,  of  which  the 
following  is  an  extract : 

"  To   THE  Rev.  Mr.  Rippon,   Lon- 
don. 

"  Euhaw,  S.  C,  Oct.  4,  1790. 
"  Rev.  Sir  :  I  could  have  wish- 
ed a  more  agreeable  event  than 
the  present  had  been  the  occasion 
of  my  address  to  you ;  but  when  I 
consider  I  am  fulfilling  the  pro- 
mise made  to  the  Rev.  Mr.  Cook, 
of   this    place,  now    with  God,  it 


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165 


seems  to  aiford  a  kind  of  melan- 
choly pleasure.  About  ten  weeks 
before  his  decease,  he  returned  in 
the  middle  of  a  sultry  day,  from 
preaching  to  a  congregation,  about 
twenty  miles  from  hence,  complain- , 
iug  of  feverish  symptoms,  with 
a  dry  cough,  a  tightness  of  the 
breast,  and  great  lassitude  ;  not- 
withstanding wluch,  he  relaxed 
not  his  labors.  In  this  state  he: 
continued  until  two  weeks  before 
his  exit,  when  he  delivered  his  hist  j 
sermon  from  Eph.  i.  6.  'To  the! 
praise  of  the  glory  of  his  grace,  j 
wherein  he  hatli  made  us  accepted 
in  the  beloved.*  He  was  then  so 
weak,  that  I  feared  he  would  not 
be  able  to  proceed,  but  he  was 
greatly  supported  and  much  en- 
gaged. He  reminded  the  con- 
gregation of  the  truths  he  had 
taught,  assured  them  he  felt  ac- 
quitted of  the  blood  of  all  men, 
having  fully  declared  the  counsel 
of  God  in  his  ministry.  He  pa- 
thetically addressed  himself  to  his 
hearers  of  every  age,  rank  and  sta- 1 
tion,  confident,  as  he  told  them, 
that  this  was  to  be  the  hist  sermon 
they  were  ever  to  hear  from  him ; 
and  then  concluded  with  a  solemn 
farewell.  The  succeeding  Sabbath 
he  was  to  have  preached  on  St.  He- 
lena Island.  j 
"On  Thursday  following,  the  I 
symptoms  began  to  be  so  alarming, 
that  I  feared  he  would  not  conti-  • 
nue  long.  He  desired  me  to  read 
to  him  the  324th  hymn  in  5"our 
selection,  entitled.  The  Christian 
remembering  all  the  way  the  Lord 
has  led  him.  Some  time  after,  he 
assured  me,  he  died  in  the  firm  be- 
lief of  the  doctrines  he  had  preach- 
ed, and  requested  I  would  write 
to  his  friends  in  England.  He 
sent  for    Mr.    Bealer.    an   amiable 


man,  and  deacon  of  his  church, 
since  dead,  and  consulted  with  him 
about  the  interests  of  his  church, 
particularly  about  obtaining  a  suc- 
cessor to  the-  pastoral  office ;  and 
as  the  following  Sabbath  was  sa- 
cramental season,  when  he  was  as- 
sured the  ordinance  would  be  ad- 
ministered by  his  brethren  in  the 
ministry,  who  were  to  be  present 
on  the  occasion,  he  said,  '  Next 
Sabbath,  when  you  are  feasting 
below,  I  shall  be  at  the  btiiiquet 
above.'  He  fixed  upon  the  place 
of  his  interment,  and  requested  that 
the  Kev.  Mr.  (now  Dr.)  Furman 
should  preach  his  funeral  sermon 
from  2d  Tim.  i.  12.  '  For  I  know 
whom  I  have  believed,  and  I  am 
persuaded  that  he  is  able  to  keep 
that  which  I  have  committed  unto 
him  against  that  day.'  From  this 
time  he  inclined  to  be  silent,  and 
seemed  engaged  in  secret  prayer. 
On  Friday,  he  was  rather  easier  ; 
and  on  Saturday  morning,  he  join- 
ed in  prayer  with  the  Rev.  Mr. 
(now  Dr.)  Holcombe  of  Philadel- 
phia, who  came  to  assist  at  an  or- 
dination. About  noon  he  grew 
worse.  Dr.  Morse,  one  of  the  mem- 
bers of  his  church,  who  attended 
him  in  the  last  stages  of  his  ill- 
ness, writes  thus,  in  a  letter  to  a 
friend,  concerning  the  last  day  of 
Mr.  Cook's  life.  '  Mr.  Cook  ap- 
peared to  me  to  have  a  heart  fully 
resigned  to  the  will  of  God  :  some 
time  before  his  death,  he  told  me 
that  his  whole  hope  of  eternal  re- 
demption was  built  on  the  sure 
foundation-stone,  Jesus  Christ ; 
but  I  do  not  feel,  said  he,  that 
gi-eat  comfort  and  joy  I  have  often 
experienced,  and  which  I  felt 
twelve  or  fourteen  days  ago,  as 
noted  in  my  diary.'  " 

Visible  tokens  of  dissolution  in- 


ducing  a  friend  to  ask  if  he 
should  pray  with  him  ;  he  gave 
assent,  and,  at  the  conclusion  audi- 
bly said  Amen ;  after  which,  he 
spoke  no  more  intelligibly,  butcon- 
tinued  struggling  with  the  last 
enemy  till  half  past  three.  Lord's 
day  morning,  Sept.  26,  1790,  when 
he  was  released  from  all  his  labors, 
leaving  a  disconsolate  widow  un- 
der great  affliction  ;  an  only  child, 
a  son  by  his  first  wife,  about  fifteen 
years  of  age,  in  whom  all  his  earth- 
ly hopes  seem  to  centre,  as  he  pos- 
sessed a  love  of  religion,  with  a 
thirst  for  learning,  [this  son,  Jo- 
seph B.  (  ook,  was  afterwards  edu- 
cated at  Providence  College,  R.  I., 
and  is  now  a  respectable  minister 
in  South  Carolina,]  and  a  church, 
almost  every  member  of  which 
looked  to  him  as  a  common  father 
in  Christ.  His  remains  were  in- 
terred the  same  evening,  immedi- 
ately after  the  administration  of 
the  sacrament,  when  a  very  tender 
and  animated  exhortation,  to  an 
audience  dissolved  in  tears,  was 
delivered  at  the  grave,  hy  Dr. 
Holcombe,  who  succeeded  him  in 
the  charge  of  the  church.  The 
funeral  sermon,  by  Dr.  Furman, 
was  not  delivered  for  a  considerable 
time  after,  owing  partly  to  the  dis- 
tance of  eighty  miles,  and  partly 
to  several  unavoidable  hindrances. 
Mrs.  Cook  survived  her  husband 
but  a  few  weeks,  being  taken  off' 
by  a  short  and  severe  illness.  Mr. 
Cook  was  of  middle  stature,  and 
slender  make,  but  had  acquired  a 
degree  of  corpulency  a  few  years 
before  his  death.  His  mental  pow- 
ers were  good,  and  had  received 
improvement  by  an  acquaintance 
with  the  liberal  arts  and  sciences, 
though  his  education  had  not  been 
completed.     His  conversation  was 


free  and  engaging.  As  a  preach- 
er, he  was  zealous,  orthodox  and 
experimental.  He  spoke  with 
animation  and  much  fervor  : 
though  his  talent  lay  so  much  in 
the  persuasive,  that  at  the  end  of 
his  sermon  he  frequently  left  the 
ludience  in  tears.  He  was  taken 
from  his  labors  at  a  time  when  his 
character  had  arisen  to  consider- 
able eminence,  and  a  spacious 
field  of  usefulness  was  opening 
all  around  him,  and  at  a  time 
when  he  was  greatly  endeared  to 
his  people.  He  was  a  little  in  ad- 
vance of  forty  years  at  the  time  of 
his  death. — Baptist  Library. 

COOKE,  William,  minister  of 
Wrexal,    England,    and    author  of 

An  answer  to  a  treatise,  entitled 
The  Vanity  of  Childish  Baptism, 
with  a  Discussion  of  the  Question 
concerning  Dipping.  Lond.  1644, 
4to.  2.  The  Front  uncovered  for 
Infant  Baptism.  Lond.  1651,  4to. 
Bib.  Brit. 

COSIN,  or  COSINS,  John,  D.  D., 
born  at  Norwich,  England,  1594  ; 
died  1672,  Bishop  of  Durham. 
He  published — A  Letter  to  Mr. 
Cordel,  in  the  case  of  Lay 
Baptism  and  Dissenters'  Baptism. 
1650.  Also,  several  learned  works 
on  Transubstantiation  and  other 
subjects  ;  one  in  Latin.     Bib.  Brit. 

CONSTANTIN,  Robert,  Pro- 
fessor of  Belles  Lettres  in  the  Uni- 
versity of  Caen,  was  born  in  1502, 
died  in  1605,  aged  103.  Besides 
other  works,  he  has  left  a  Lexicon, 
Greek  and  Latin,  1562,  Geneva, 
1592,  2  vols,  fol.,  with  the  alter- 
ation of  the  title  page  only.  Ge- 
nev.  1607.  Leyd.  1637.  The  se- 
cond is  the  best,  from  which  Booth 
quotes  as  follows :  "  BaTTi£r;.to,-,  bap- 
tism ;  the  act  of  dying,  that  is,  of 
Iplunging."  Edit.  1592,  Booth,  p.  28. 


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167 


CONNOR,  Wilson,  was  bom  in 
Marlborough  district,  South  Caro- 
lina, July  7,  1768,  and  at  about 
twenty-one  years  of  age  engaged 
in  the  ministry  among  the  Metho- 
dists. About  1773,  having  become 
dissatisfied  with  the  doctrine  and 
discipline  of  that  society,  he  was 
baptized  at  Cheraw,  by  Joshua 
Lewis,  and  was  ordained  as  a  Bap- 
tist minister  in  Effinghani  county, 
Georgia,  in  1803,  by  Rev.  Messrs. 
Peacock,  Brewer,  and  Cook.  The 
next  year  he  was  excluded  from 
the  Great  Ogechee  church,  and  re- 
mained in  a  backslidden  state  for 
several  years.  He  was  eighteen 
years  justice  of  the  inferior  court 
in  Montgomery  county.  He  was 
likewise  a  member  of  the  legisla- 
ture from  the  same  county.  He 
was  at  length  turned  from  his 
backslidings,  in  the  exercise  of 
hearty  repentance,  and  was  restor- 
ed to  the  church  and  the  ministry. 
In  his  latter  days  his  ministry  was 
signally  blessed.  Many  souls  were 
added  unto  the  Lord  through  his 
instrumentality.  He  was  a  warm 
and  successful  advocate  of  the 
temperance  cause,  and  of  all  simi- 
lar institutions.  He  was  princi- 
pally occupied  in  itinerant  service, 
to  which  he  was  much  devoted. 
It  may  be  said  in  truth  that  the 
entire  State  was  his  mission-field. 
In  thirteen  years  he  travelled  over 
thirty-five  thousand  miles.  For  a 
time  he  acted  as  domestic  mission- 
ary, under  the  patronage  of  the 
Georgia  Baptist  Convention,  and 
then  as  an  agent  of  the  board  of 
trustees  of  Mercer  University. 

His  person  was  commanding — 
frame  large,  though  neither  tall 
nor  corpulent — dark  complexion, 
with  black  eyes,  deeply  set — his 
voice  was  extraordinary,  resembling 


more  the  rumbling  of  distant  thun- 
der than  any  thing  else.  Those 
who  ever  heard  him  never  forgot 
the  sound.  He  appeared  to  take 
great  pleasure  in  preaching,  and 
was  frequently  heard  to  express 
the  desire  "  that  the  last  act  of  his 
life  might  be  to  preach  the  gospel, 
and  then  be  permitted  to  die  in  the 
pulpit."'  His  wish,  in  this  respect, 
was  singularly  fulfilled  ,  for  in  the 
summer  of  1844,  having  preached 
with  great  liberty  and  power,  in 
Telfair  county,  from  the  words, 
"  Verily,  I  say  unto  you,  the  hour 
is  coming  and  now  is,  when  the 
dead  shall  hear  the  voice  of  the 
Son  of  God,  and  they  that  hear 
shall  live,"  he  sat  down  and  ex- 
pired instantly,  without  the  least 
struggle.  He  was  then  about 
seventy-six  years  old,  and  had 
been  on  the  walls  of  Zion  near 
fifty  years.  His  descendants  are 
quite  numerous,  and  very  respect- 
able.— dnnpheU' s  Geor<ria  Baptists. 

COVERDALE,  IIiles,  or 
Myles,  D.  D.  ;  born  in  Yorkshire, 
England,  1487 ;  died  1568.  He 
was  bishop  of  Exeter,  and  a  most 
learned  and  pious  author ;  most 
distinguished  as  the  author  of — 
The  Bible  in  Black  Letter,  the 
first  English  edition  of  the  whole 
Bible.  Lond.  1535,  folio.  The 
only  other  of  his  very  numerous 
works  belonging  to  this  place,  was 
entitled,  Declaration  of  Order  which 
the  Churches  in  Denmark,  and  ma- 
ny other  places  in  Germany,  do  use 
not  only  at  the  Holy  Supper,  but, 
also,  at  Baptism.  Printed  abroad, 
without  date.   16mo.     Bib.  Brit. 

COUCH,  JoH.v.  Author  of— 
Anabaptistaruin  Scrupnli,  an  An- 
swer to  a  Kentish  Anabaptist,  made 
in  the  year  1649,  Lond.  1650,  4to. 
Bib.  Brit. 


168 


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COBBET,  Thomas.  Author  of— 
A'^indication  of  the  Covenant  and 
Cluirch  Estate  of  Children,  and 
of  their  Right  to  Baptism.  Lond. 
1648,  4to.  2.  The  Civil  Magis- 
trate's Povi^er  in  Matters  of  Re- 
lif^Mon,  modestly  debated ;  as,  also, 
an  Answer  to  Clerke's  Pamphlet, 
called,  111  News  from  New  Eng- 
land. Lond.  1653,  4to.;  and  some 
other  works.  Bib.  Brit.  On  p. 
277,  Mr.  Benedict  locates  this  au- 
thor in  Ipswich,  Massachusetts, 
and  says  Mr.  Cotton  notices  him 
respectfully.  Ipswich  seems  early 
to  have  had  several  writers  for 
Predobaptism. 

COTTON,  John,  of  Boston,  Mas- 
sachusetts. Among  his  works 
were — 1.  Grounds  and  Ends  of 
the  Baptism  of  the  Children  of  the 
Faithful.  Lond.  1647,  4to.  2. 
Treatise  on  Baptism.  Lond.  1646, 
4to.  3.  The  Bloody  Tenant 
Washed.  Loud.  1647.  Two  others 
on  the  Covenants.  Defence  of 
Orders,  at  Boston :  also,  against 
R.  Brillie,  Rutherford,  and,  also, 
D.  Cawdry.  His  other  works  be- 
long not  to  us  to  notice  here. 
Bib.  Bi-it.  ]^enedict  notices  the 
first  work  above,    p.  276. 

CROSBY,  Thomas,  an  English 
Baptist,  author  of — The  History  of 
English  Baptists  from  the  Reform- 
ation to  the  beginning  of  the  reign 
of  George  I.,  Lond.  1738-40.  4  vols. 
Svo.  2.  A  Brief  Reply  to  Mr. 
John  Lewis'  History  of  the  Rise 
and  Progress  of  Anabaptism  in 
England.  Lond.  1738,  8vo.  3. 
The  Book-keeper's  Guide,  Lond. 
1749.  In  our  historical  depart- 
ment, Mr.  Crosby  will  be  more 
elaborately  noticed.  Our  memoir 
of  him  has  been  lost,  and  due  time 
is  not  allowed  to  prepare  it  for  its 
proper  alphabetical  place. 


CORNWELL,  Francis.  An 
English  Baptist;  author  of — 1. 
Vindication  of  the  Royal  Commis- 
sion of  King  Jesus,  Matt,  xviii : 
18,  19,  20,  compared  with  Mark 
XVI.  15,  16,  against  the  Anti-chris- 
tian  Faction  of  Pope  Innocentius 
III.,  which  decreed  that  the  Bap- 
tism of  Infants  should  succeed  Cir- 
cumcision. 1644,  4to.  2.  King 
Jesus  is  the  Believer's  Prince, 
Priest,  and  Lawgiver ;  or,  differen- 
ces between  the  Law  and  the  Gos- 
pel. Lond.  1645,  12nio.  3.  Gos- 
pel Repentance.  Lond.  1645,  12 
mo.  4.  Description  of  the  Spi- 
ritual Temple.  Lond.  1646,  12 
mo.  5.  A  Conference  Mr.  John 
Cotton  held  at  Boston  with  Elders 
of  New  England.  Lond.  1646,  12 
mo.  Bib.  Brit.  Benedict,  p.  145, 
notices  only  the  title  of  the  first 
work  named  above,  and  says : 
"  This  work  was  dedicated  to  the 
House  of  Commons,  and  was  given 
away  at  the  doors  of  the  House. 
This  Mr.  Cornwell  was  a  man  of 
distinction  in  his  day.  He  was 
the  subject  of  very  severe  phillip- 
pics  from  that  inveterate  opponent 
to  the  Baptists,  Dr.  Featley."  We 
shall  notice  him  again  when  we 
come  to  the  history  of  the  period 
when  he  flourished. 

COLBY,  Lewis.  As  it  comes 
within  the  scope  of  this  volume  to 
register  the  names  and  titles  of 
works  issued  by  all  Baptist  Pub- 
lishers, everywhere,  we  insert  here 
an  incomplete  list  of  the  publica- 
tions issued  by  Rev.  Lewis  Colby, 
who  retiring  from  a  Professorship 
of  Theology,  in  Shurtcliff"  College, 
Alton,  Illinois,  has  conferred  upon 
the  American  Baptists  almost  as 
much  benefit  as  the  American 
Baptist  Publication  Society.  His 
house    in  New- York,  and  that   of 


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169 


Lincoln  &  Edmonds,  now  Gould,  \ 
Kendall  &  Lincoln,  Boston,  whose 
catalogue  will  be  iound  in  this 
work,  have  been  the  principal  Bap- 
tist ■  Publishers  in  America,  dis- ! 
tinctively  and  really  such,  and  if  | 
there  were  enough  of  such  estab-  { 
lishments,  organizations  for  deuomi- 1 
national  publication  of  Books  and  \ 
Tracts  would  be  more  efficient, ! 
and  such  private  publishers  and  i 
publication  societies  would  only 
reciprocally  aid  each  other.  We  1 
>^dd  the  list  in  part : 

1.  Sacred  Melodies,  designed  for 
Conferences,  Concerts,  and  Sabbath 
Schools,  32mo.      1845. 

2.  The  Baptist  Library,  a  re- 
publication of  Standard  \\'orks,  1 
vol.  8vo.     1845. 

3.  The  Scripture  Text-Book  and 
Treasury,  Scripture  Texts,  arrang- 
ed for  the  use  of  Ministers,  Sunday 
School  Teachers,  and  families.  In 
Two  Parts,  with  Maps  and  En- 
gravings.     12mo.     184(3. 

4.  Lea ;  or  the  Baptism  in  Jor- 
dan. By  Strauss.  Translated  by 
Mrs.  Conant.     12mo.     184(3. 

5.  Domestic  Slavery,  considered 
as  a  Scriptural  Institution,  in  a 
Correspondence  between  the  Rev. 
Richard  Fuller,  of  Beaufort,  S.  C, 
and  the  Rev.  Francis  Wayland,  of 
Providence,  R.  I.     18mo.     1846. 

6.  Memoir  and  Remains  of  Rev. 
Willard  Judd.     12mo.     184(3. 

7.  The  Pastor's  Hand  Book, 
comprising  selections  of  Scripture, 
arranged  lor  various  occasions  ol 
official  duty ;  Select  Formulas  for 
the  Marriage  Ceremony,  etc.,  and 
Rules  of  Business  for  Churches, 
Ecclesiastical,  and  other  deliberate 
assemblies.  By  Rev.  W.  W.  Ev- 
erts, Pastor  of  Laight-st.  Cfiurch, 
New-York.     1847. 

8.  Bible  Manual,  comprising  Se- 


lections of  Scriptures,  arranged  for 
various  occasions  of  Private  and 
Public  Worship,  both  special  and 
ordinary,  together  with  Scripture 
Expressions  of  Prayer,  from  Mat- 
thew Henry.  With  an  Appendix, 
consisting  of  a  copious  ciassili(;a- 
tion  of  Scripture  Texts,  presenting 
a  Systematic  View  of  the  Doctrines 
and  Duties  of  Revelation,  and  the 
Scripture  Treasury,  12mo.       1847. 

9.  The  Elements  of  Theology  ; 
or  the  Leading  Topics  of  Christian 
Theology,  Plainly  and  Scripturally 
set  forth,  with  the  Principles  of 
Divine  Revelation  concisely  stated, 
with  Questions ;  for  the  use  of 
Families  and  Bible  Classes,  and 
Seminaries  of  Learning.  By  Daniel 
Hascall,  A.  M.     18mo.     1847. 

10.  The  Trinity  and  JModern  Ari- 
anisrn.  A  Scriptural  Defence  of 
the  Doctrine  of  the  Trinity  ;  or 
a  Check  to  Modern  Arianism,  as 
Taught  by  Campbellites,  Hicks- 
ites,  New  Lights,  Universalists,  and 
Mormons;  and  especially  by  a  sect 
calling  themselves  ChriHtians.  By 
the  Rev.  H.  Mattison.  18mo.   1847. 

11.  Bible  Societies.  A  Sketch 
of  the  Origin,  and  some  Particulars 
of  the  History  of  the  most  eminent 
Bible  Societies,  with  a  more  detail- 
ed account  of  the  American  and 
Foreign.  By  William  H.  Wyck- 
off,  author  of  the  "  Bible  Ques- 
tions."    1847. 

12.  A  Pure  Religion  the  World's 
only  Hope.  .  By  Rev.  R.  W.  Cush- 
man.     18  mo.     1847. 

13.  A  General  History  of  theBap- 
tist  Denomination  in  America,  and 
other  parts  of  the  world.  By  Da- 
vid Benedict.     1848. 

14.  The  Judson  Offering;  intend- 
ed as  a  Token  of  Christian  Sympa- 
thy with  the  Living,  and  a  Me- 
mento of  Christian   Afiiectioji    for 


170 


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HAYNES'  BAPTIST 


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the  Dead.     Edited  by  John  Dow- 
ling,  D.  D.     1848. 

1.5.  Lives  of  the  Twelve  Apos- 
tles, on  the  basis  of  an  English 
abridgement  of  the  Work  of  Cave, 
by  R.  W.  Cushinan.  18mo.    1848. 

16.  Life  of  Bunyan.  By  Rev. 
Ira  Chase.     IBmo.     1848. 

17.  Power  of  Illustration.     By 
J.    Dowling,    D.  D.       18mo. 


The  Christian  Law  of  Bap- 
By  Rev.  E.  Turney.    12ino. 


Rev. 

1848. 

18. 

tism. 

1848. 

19.  The  Theological  Lectures  of 
Rev  David  Bogue,  D.  D.  Edited 
by  Rev.  Joseph  Samuel  C.  F. 
Frey.      1849. 

20.  The  Unique.  Very  inter- 
taining  and  curious.   18mo.     1849. 

21.  Pa'dobaptists  not  open  Com- 
munists. By  Rev.  S.  Remington. 
1849. 

22.  Reasons  for  being  a  Baptist. 
By  Rev.  S.  Remington.     1849. 

23.  Compendium  of  the  Faith 
of  the  Baptists.     1849. 

24.  The  Memoir  of  Mrs.  Sarah 
B.  Judson.  By  Emily  C.  Judson. 
1849.  Also  a  variety  of  Sunday 
School  Books  and  Pamphlets. 

25.  The  Happy  Transformation; 
or  the  History  of  a  London  Ap 
prentice.     With  Cuts. 

26.  Facts  tor  Boys.  Selected 
and  arranged  by  Joseph  Belcher, 
D.  D.     With  Cuts. 

27.  Facts  for  Girls.  Selected 
and  arranged  by  Joseph  Belcher, 
D.  D.     With  Cuts. 

28.  Way  for  a  child  to  be  saved. 
With  Cuts. 

29.  Every  Day  Duty.  Illustrat- 
ed by  Sketches  of  Childish  Char- 
acter.    With  Cuts. 

30.  Sketch  of  my  Friend's  Fa- 
mily.    By  Mrs.  Marshall. 

31.  Blossoms  of  Childhood. 


32.  My  Station. 

33.  Visit  to  Nahant. 

34.  The  House  of  the  Thief. 
3-5.  Guilty  Tongue. 

36.  Charles  Linn;  or  How  to 
Observe  the  Golden  Rule.  By 
Miss  Emily  Chubbuck. 

37.  The  Great  Secret ;  or  How 
to  be  Happy.     By  the  same. 

88.  Allen  Lucas ;  or  the  Self- 
made  Man.     By  the  same. 

39.  How  to  be  Great,  Good  and 
Happy.     By  the  same. 

40.  Gambling  in  its  Infancy  and 
Progress.     By  J.  H.  Green. 

41.  Letter  of  Kirwan  to  Doctor 
Cote,  of  the  Grande  Eigne  Mis- 
sion, and  Dr.  Cote's  Reply. 

Mr.  Colby  has  done  much  more 
for  the  denomination  as  a  publish- 
er than  he  could  else  have  done  in 
any  other  field  of  operation,  and 
sustained  himself  admirably. 

COMPTON,  Henry.  An  English 
clergyman;  born  1632;  died  1713. 
Among  his  published  works  were 
— 1.  Treatise  on  the  Holy  Com- 
munion. 1677.  2.  Letters  to  his 
Clergy  concerning  Baptism  ;  The 
Lord's  Supper;  Catechising.  1697. 
Bib.  Brit. 

COVEL,  Lemuel  was,  it  is  be- 
lieved a  native  of  the  State  of  New 
York ;  he  was  sent  out  into  the 
ministry  by  the  church  in  Provi- 
dence, Saratoga  county,  thirty  or 
forty  miles  above  Albany.  He 
commenced  his  ministerial  labors 
under  great  disadvantages,  being 
both  poor  and  illiterate ;  and  most 
of  his  life  was  spent  under  the 
pressure  of  poverty  and  worldly 
embarrassments.  But  notwith- 
standing he  was  obliged  to  labor 
almost  constantly  for  his  support, 
such  were  the  astonishing  powers 
of  his  mind,  that  he  became  one 
ofthe  most   distinguished  preach- 


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CYCLOPAEDIA. 


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171 


ers  in  the  Baptist  connection.    His  | 
talents  were  far  above  mediocrity, 
his  voice  was  clear  and  majestic,  j 
and  his  address  was  manly  and  en- 
gaging. 

The  doctrine  of  salvation  by  the  | 
cross,  was  the  grand  theme  on  [ 
which  he  dwelt  with  peculiar  j 
pleasure ;  and  his  preaching  was 
of  the  most  solid,  perspicuous  and 
interesting  kind.  He  lived  the  re-  ] 
ligion  he  professed,  and  exempli- 
fied by  his  conduct,  the  rules  he 
laid  down  for  others.  As  an  itine- 
rant preacher,  his  zeal  and  success  j 
was  equalled  by  few,  and  perhaps 
exceeded  by  none  among  the  Ame- 
rican preachers.  Missionary  con- 
cerns lay  near  his  heart ;  and  in 
every  thing  pertaining  to  them,  he 
seems  to  have  been  a  kindred 
spirit  to  the  famous  Pearce  of  Bir- 
mingham. 

He  travelled  much  among  the 
churches  in  New- York  and  New 
England,  and  had  often  explored 
new  and  destitute  regions.  A  lit- 
tle while  before  his  death,  the 
church  in  Cheshire,  with  which 
John  Leland  [this  eminent  ser- 
vant of  Christ,  died  at  North 
Adams,  Mass.,  aged  eighty-six 
years,]  is  connected,  had  settled 
him  as  their  pastor,  had  assumed 
the  debts  in  which  misfortunes 
had  involved  him,  and  his  pros- 
pects for  comfort  and  usefulness 
were  never  greater.  As  he  was 
much  inclined  to  travel,  the  church 
had  settled  him  under  the  ex- 
pectation that  he  would  be  wdth 
them  but  a  part  of  the  time,  and 
the  Missionarj'  Society  of  Boston 
most  gladly  afforded  him  their 
patronage  what  time  he  wished  to 
itinerate.  Dark  and  mysterious 
was  that  Providence,  which  cut 
oflF,  in  the  meridian  of  life,  and  in 


the  midst  of  usefulness,  this  wor- 
thy man.  His  constitution,  natu- 
rally slender,  had  been  much  im- 
paired by  frequent  attacks  of  dis- 
ease, and  by  his  too  extensive  la- 
bors of  various  kinds  ;  and  while 
travelling  as  a  missionary  in  Up- 
per Canada,  in  October,  1806,  he, 
after  a  short  illness,  finished  his 
earthly  course.  Elders  Elkanah 
Holmes  and  David  Irish  were  at 
that  time  engaged  in  the  same 
field  of  missionary  labors;  the  last 
of  whom,  thus  describes  the  mourn- 
ful CA'ent  of  Mr.  Covel's  death. 

"  At  this  meeting,  (that  is,  at 
Charlotteville,)  I  heard  that  my 
dear  brother  Covel  was  dangerous- 
ly ill.  I  therefore  concluded  to 
leave  them,  and  go  and  see  him, 
and  then  return  again.  The  at- 
tention appeared  so  great  in  many 
places,  that  I  could  not  believe  it 
to  be  my  duty  to  leave  them  yet. 
Accordingly,  on  Wednesday  I  set 
out,  accompanied  by  two  brethren. 
We  were  at  this  time  sixty  miles 
from  the  place  where  brother  Covel 
was  sick.  We  rode  until  we  came 
within  about  twenty  miles,  when 
we  heard  that  he  was  dead  and  bu- 
ried! Oh,  how  my  poor  heart 
felt!  I  was  left  among  strangers 
almost  three  hundred  miles  I'rom 
home,  and  one  of  the  most  dear 
and  intimate  friends  I  ever  had, 
taken  away  in  such  an  unexpected 
time !  But  the  Judge  of  all  the 
earth  has,  and  will  do  right. 

"Brother  Covel  has  done  his 
work,  and  went  off  in  the  triumphs 
of  faith.  AVe  came  to  the  place 
the  next  morning,  and  found  Elder 
Holmes  preaching  his  funeral  ser- 
mon, and  a  solemn  time  it  was. 
After  sermon,  we  attended  to  set- 
jtling  brother  Covel's  business,  and 
the  next  day  set  out  to  return  to 


172 


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HAYNES'  BAPTIST 


Co 


Townsend,  where  we  arrived 
the  day  following,  and  found 
the  church  met  together ;  and 
when  we  informed  them  of  the 
death  of  brother  Covel,  the  whole 
assembly  appeared  to  be  most 
deeply  affected.  It  appears  that 
this  church  was  the  fruit  of  his 
labors  in  his  former  visits.  When 
he  was  with  them  last  year,  he 
assisted  in  their  constitution.  I 
think  I  may  truly  say,  that  there 
has  never  been  a  preacher  in  these 
parts  more  highly  and  universally 
esteemed  than  he  was ;  and  a 
greater  and  more  universal  lamen- 
tation I  never  heard  in  any  place 
for  any  man,  than  in  Upper  Cana- 
da, for  him. 

"But  alas!  he  is  gone.  May 
God  grant  that,  like  Samson,  he 
may  slay  more  at  his  death,  than 
he  has  done  in  all  his  life.  Some 
of  the  church  in  Townsend,  in 
their  lamentation,  would  break 
their  silence  and  cry  out,  "  O,  my 
father  in  the  gospel !"  "  O,  that 
blessed  minister  of  Christ,  who  was 
used  as  God's  instrument  to  open 
my  eyes — shall  I  never  see  him 
again  in  this  world !"  We  then 
joined  and  sang  the  third  hymn 
of  the  second  book  of  Dr.  Watts, 
and  concluded  the  opportunity  in 
prayer  to  Almighty  God,  that  he 
would  sanctify  this  dispensation  to 
the  good  of  many  precious  souls." 

Mr.  Covel  left  a  widow  and  five 
children  to  mourn  his  loss. — Bajj- 
tist  Library. 

CROSSLEY,  David.  A  Baptist 
minister,  pastor  of  Curriers'  Hall, 
London,  where  he  was  settled  in 
1705,  and  continued  only  a  few 
years,  and  retired  into  the  country, 
where  he  lived  many  years,  but 
after  his  removal,  little  of  his  his- 
tory is    known    to  us.     "  In  early 


life,"  says  Walter  Wilson,  "  he 
had  been  acquainted  with  the  ce- 
lebrated Mr.  John  Bunyan,  and 
travelled  into  different  parts  of  the 
country  to  propagate  his  religious 
principles.  At  that  time  he  was 
one  of  the  most  popular  preachers 
of  the  Calvinistical  Baptists,  and 
was  instrumental  in  gathering 
three  or  four  churches  of  that  de- 
nomination, in  Lancashire,  and 
Yorkshire.  Mr.  Crossley  lived  to 
be  very  old,  and  kept  a  school  in 
his  old  age.  He  died  about  the 
year  1743,  and  was  reputed  the 
largest  man  in  the  country  where 
he  resided.  In  the  latter  part  of 
his  life  he  maintained  a  corres- 
pondence with  the  celebrated 
George  Whitfield."  Hist.  Dissent. 
Churches.  Vol.  2,  pp.  272.  See 
Art.  Curriers'  Hall,  in  our  Ga- 
zetteer for  the  succession  of  its 
pastors,  beginning  with  Hanserd 
Knollys. 

COURCY,RicHARD  De,  a  native 
of  Ireland  and  Vicar  of  St.  Al- 
mond's Parish,  Shrewsbury,  Eng. 
died  1803.  Among  his  published 
works  are  two  which  may  be  nam- 
ed. 1.  A  Letter  to  a  Baptist  Mi- 
nister— a  Reply  to  Parmenas,  1776. 
2.  The  Rejoinder,  on  Baptism,  1777. 

COLLENS,  John.  Author  of— 
A  Message  from  the  Lord  to  the 
People  called  Anabaptists,  Lond. 
1660,  4to.  Bib.  Brit. 

COCHLtEUS,  John.  This  ce- 
lebrated opponent  of  Luther  and 
the  early  Reformers,  was  born  at 
Nuremberg,  1479,  died  at  Breslau, 
1552,  and  yet  he  is  mentioned  by 
Mr.  Benedict  on  the  authority  of 
Dr.  Sears,  as  a  writer  against  the 
Anabaptists  in  1582.  If  so,  this 
work  must  have  been  either  pos- 
thumous, or  not  the  first  edition, 
or  there  may  have  been  some  other 


Co 


CYCLOPEDIA. 


Co 


173 


of  the  same  name  ;  but  this  is  not  subject  of  Infant  Baptism  plainly 
probable,  nor  would  any  have ;  proved,  written  against  the  cele- 
been  more  likely  to  write  against  brated  Thomas  De  Laune,  1681. 
supposed  heretics,  if  we  may  judge  Benedict,  p.  157.  '■'The  foUow- 
from  the  titles  of  his  works.  1.  ing  curious  statement  in  an  old 
Historia  Hussitarum.  Basil.  1594,  j  handwriting,"  says  the  same  au- 
fol.  A  scarce  and  curious  work,  thor,  "  is  in  a  copy  of  his  Dis- 
2.  De  Actis  et  Scriptis  Lutheri,  course  on  the  Covenants,"  belono-- 
ab  anno  1517,  usque  ad  annum  ing  to  Mr.  Sutcliff,  of  Oluey.  The 
1546.  Apud  S.  Victorem  prope  j  author  lived  at  Cranfield,  a  cord- 
Moguntiam,  1549,  fol.  3.  Specu-  j  winder.  He  was  imprisoned  for 
lum  circa  missam.  8vo.  4.  De;  preaching  the  gospel.  On  his  trial 
emendanda  ecclesia,  1539,  8vo.,  jatthe  assize  at  Bedford,  he  first 
very  scarce.  5.  Adversus  Lutheri  pleaded  in  Greek,  and  then  an- 
articulos,  quos  in  concilio  generali !  swering  in  Hebrew,  upon  which 
proponendos  Scripserat,  necessaria  the  judge  called  for  the  indict- 
et  Catholica  consideratio.  Paris,  |  ment,  and  reading  N.  Cox,  cord- 
1562,     16mo.     6.  The    Broom   of !  winder,  he  wondered  and  declared 


Johannes  Cochla3us,  for  sweeping 
down  the  cobwebs  of  Morrison. 
This  was  written  in  defence  of  a 
tract  he  WTote  against  the  mar- 
riage of    Henry    ATII.     Bib.  Brit. 

COX,  or  COXE.  Benjamin-.  An 
English  author  of — A  Declaration 
concerning  the  Public  Dispute 
about  Infant  Baptism,  by  him  and 
others.  Lond.  1645,  4to.  2.  Some 
Mistaken  Scriptures  sincerely  ex- 
plained, in  answer  to  one  inlected 
with  Pelagian  Errors.  London, 
1646,  4to.  3.  An  Appendix  to  a 
Confession  of  Faith.  Lond.  1646, 
4to.     Bib.   Brit. 

This  Baptist  minister  was  eject- 
ed by  the  Act  of  Uniformity. 
Crosby,  vol.  I.,  p.  353  ;  vol.  III., 
p.  6. 

COX,  Nehemiah,  D.  D.  An 
English  Baptist,  author  of — A 
Discourse  of  the  Covenant  that 
God  made  with  men  before  the 
law,  wherein  the  covenant  of  cir- 
cumcision is  more  largely  handled, 
and  the  invalidity  of  the  plea  for 


that  none  could  answer  him.  Mr. 
Cox  insisted  on  his  right  to  plead 
in  that  language,  which  was  grant- 
ed, and  he  was  dismissed.  Mr. 
Sutclifl'  says,  he  has  various  times 
heard  the  above  anecdote  repeated 
in  the  town  and  neighborhood  of 
Bedford,  and  particularly  with  this 
addition,  that  judge  would  say 
to  the  counsellors,  "  well,  the 
cord-winder  has  wound  you  all 
up  gentlemen."  Ibid,  pp.  157. 
Note. 

COX,  F.  A.  D.  D.,  L.  L.  D., 
an  English  Baptist  minister,  yet 
living,  author  of — History  of  Eng- 
lish Baptist  Missionary  Society, 
from  1792  to  1842,  by  the  Rev.  F. 
A  Cox,  D.  D.,L.  L.  D.,  two  volumes 
in  one.  Boston,  published  by  Wil- 
liam Damrell,  No.  11,  Cornhill, 
1845,  8vo.  pp.  318.  He  is  also  au- 
thor of  a  work  on  Baptism  bound 
up  in  the  work  on  that  subject  by 
Dr.  Carson,  in  the  edition  issued 
by  the  American  Baptist  Publica' 


tion  Society.  See  Art.  Carson. 
Psedobaptism  taken  from  thence.  He  will  be  noticed  in  our  Gazet- 
discovered.  This  was  occasioned  teer  in  connection  with  English 
by  Mr.  Whitson's   treatise  on  the  Baptist  Churches  and  Societies. 


174 


Co 


HAYNES'  BAPTIST 


Co 


COREL Y,  John,  was  a  native 
of  Ireland ;  and  while  a  boy, 
agreed  to  serve  four  years  for  his 
passage  to  Pennsylvania.  When 
his  time  expired,  he  came  to  Vir- 
ginia, and  settled  in  or  near  Cnl- 
peper,  where  he  became  a  con- 
vert to  true  religion,  under  the 
ministry  of  James  Ireland.  After 
his  conversion,  he  became  so  noted, 
that  the  enemies  of  the  cross  con- 
sidered him  worthy  of  a  prison. 
He  was  accordingly  put  into  Cul- 
peper  jail,  where  he  staid  a  consi- 
derable time.  The  exact  year  in 
which  he  was  imprisoned,  is  not 
known  ;  but  it  was  probably  pre- 
vious to  1770  ;  for  in  1769  he  was 
a  delegate  from  Mountain  Run 
church  in  Culpeper,  to  the  Ketock- 
ton  Association  ;  and  acted  as 
clerk  of  the  Association.  His 
name  does  not  appear  on  the  min- 
utes again,  until  1775  ;  when  he 
comes  as  a  representative  of  a 
church  called  Goshen,  in  Red- 
stone settlement,  Pennsylvania.  It 
appears  that  he  had  removed  there 
several  years  previous  to  this  ;  and 
in  conjunction  with  Isaac  Sutton, 
had  planted  the  first  three  or  four 
churches  in  the  Redstone  settle- 
ment. His  first  wife  was  a  Pa- 
pist, and  was  married  to  him  pre- 
vious to  his  profession  of  religion. 
She  proved  a  thorn  in  his  side  dur- 
ing her  life.  She  died ;  and  he 
married  a  most  amiable  woman, 
by  whom  he  had  several  children. 
But  how  delusory  is  all  earthly 
bliss !  The  Indians  for  many  years, 
were  exceedingly  troublesome  in 
the  Redstone  country.  Mr.  Cor- 
bly  and  his  wife  and  children,  on 
a  Sunday  morning,  started  to  walk 
to  the  meeting-house,  less  than 
half  a  mile  from  his  house.  After 
going    a   small   distance,    it    was 


found  that  his  bible,  which  he  had 
given  his  wife  to  carry,  had  been 
forgotten.  He  went  back  for  it. 
On  his  return  to  overtake  his 
family,  he  saw  two  Indians  run- 
ning;  one  of  whom  made  a  dire- 
ful yell.  He  suspected  something 
bad  ;  ajrd  ran  to  a  fort  about  half 
a  mile  off,  and  obtained  assistance. 
When  they  came  to  the  place,  he 
found  his  wife  killed  with  a  toma- 
hawk ;  and  the  infant  which  she 
had  in  her  arms  thrown  across  her 
breast,  with  its  brains  dashed  out 
against  a  tree.  Three  of  the  other 
children  were  killed,  and  two 
scalped  and  wounded  that  after- 
wards recovered.  Only  one,  a 
little  girl,  escaped  unhurt.  She 
was  attacked,  but  a  dog  seized  the 
Indian  that  was  pursuing  her ;  by 
which  she  got  into  the  bushes  and 
hid  herself  The  feelings  of  Mr. 
Corbly  on  this  afflicting  occasion, 
are  beyond  description.  He  fell 
into  a  melancholy  state  of  mind  ; 
during  which  he  could  not  preach, 
or  scarcely  do  any  thing  else.  Re- 
flecting at  length,  that  the  hand 
of  Providence  was  visible  in  the 
preservation  of  his  own  life,  he 
took  courage  and  recommenced 
his  labors.  His  ministry  was  very 
effectual  in  that  country  ;  though 
thereby  settled,  he  baptized  three 
or  four  hundred  persons.  He  was 
a  man  of  great  gifts ;  and  esteemed 
by  most  persons  a  very  pious 
christian.  His  success  drew  up- 
on him  the  resentment  of  the 
wicked,  which  they  vented  in  a 
very  diabolical  manner.  A  base 
woman  accused  him  of  making 
several  criminal  proposals  to  her, 
and  offered  to  confirm  it  by  a 
solemn  oath.  Although  he  knew 
it  to  be  false,  and  the  church  did 
not  believe  it,   yet  he  thought  it 


Co 


CYCLOPAEDIA. 


Co 


175 


best  to  remain  silent  and  not 
preach,  until  it  could  by  some 
means  be  cleared  uj).  They  cited 
the  woman  to  appear  before  a  ma- 
gistrate in  order  to  swear  her  to 
what  she  affirmed  ;  and  in  the 
meantime  were  earnestly  engaged 
in  prayer.  When  she  came  beibre 
the  magistrate,  she  was  taken 
with  a  trembling,  and  lor  some 
time  remained  speechless.  Some 
wished  to  excuse  her,  and  let  it 
pass  off;  but  Mr.  Corbly  insisted 
on  her  swearing,  which  she  did, 
and  expressly  declared  his  inno- 
cence, and  said  it  was  a  plot  laid 
by  certain  persons  whom  she 
named.  Thus  was  Mr.  Corbly 
providentially  delivered  from  cal- 
umny. In  the  time  of  the  Whis- 
key Insurrection,  in  western  Penn- 
sylvania, under  Washington's  ad- 
ministration, Mr.  Corbly  was  ac- 
cused of  taking  an  active  part 
and  favoring  the  insurgents ;  for 
which,  as  being  a  distinguished 
man,  the  government  chose  to 
make  an  example  of  him.  He 
was  seized  and  hastily  carried  to 
Philadelphia,  which  was  upwards 
of  200  miles  from  his  house,  and 
there  kept  in  prison  in  great  afflic- 
tion. His  wants  while  in  prison 
were  benevolently  supplied  by  Dr. 
Rogers,  and  others  of  his  friends 
in  Philadelphia.  He  was  never 
brought  to  trial ;  and  ol'  course  it 
can  not  with  certainty  be  said 
whether  he  was  accused  falsely 
or  not.  He  was  not  accused  of 
being  an  insurgent  himself;  but 
of  aiding  and  abetting  those  that 
were.  If  this  were  the  case,  it 
was  certainly  a  very  imprudent 
piece  of  business;  yet  considering 
the  state  of  things  in  that  country, 
at  that  time,  it  must  be  viewed 
by  the  impartial,  rather  as  an  error 


of  the  head  than  of  the  heart.  He 
lived  about  seven  years,  after  he 
was  released  irom  prison  ;  during 
which  time,  he  continued  to  occu- 
py his  talents  and  to  do  good.  In 
1805,  he  finished  his  course  in 
peace.  Mr.  Corbly,  though  a 
good  preacher,  was  thought  to  do 
more  good  out  of  the  pulpit  than 
in  it.  He  generally  after  preach- 
ing mingled  with  the  congregation ; 
and  by  singing  and  pious  exhorta- 
tions, frequently  made  very  serious 
impressions.  Semple's  History  of 
Virginia  Baptists,  p.  428. 

COVENTRY,  George.  Under 
the  head  of  Duke-street  Park  Ge- 
neral Baptist  Church,  Westmin- 
ster, England,  it  is  recorded  by 
Walter  Wilson  that  he  was  pastor 
there  in  Feb.  1731,  but  his  connex- 
ion with  the  Park  meeting-house 
must  have  been  dissolved  by 
death  or  otherwise,  in  the  same 
year.  He  appears  to  have  been 
in  necessitous  circumstances,  and 
to  have  been  relieved  occasionally 
by  the  trustees  of  Prince  John's 
estate.  There  was  a  large  tomb 
in  the  ground  adjoining  the  meet- 
ing-house, belonging  to  the  Coven- 
try family,  but  when  the  congre- 
gation lost  their  place  of  worship, 
it  was  destroyed  with  other  monu- 
ments of  the  dead.  Hist.  Dis- 
sent. Churches,  vol.  4,  181-182. 
Notices  of  fifteen  pastors  of  this 
church  will  be  found  in  their  al- 
phabetical places.  For  the  list, 
see  Duke-street  Park,    in  our  Ga- 

CLOPHENBURGIUS,  .John, 
author  of — Gargraena  Theologiae 
Anabaptisticae,  &c..  Franc.  1645, 
1656,  4to.  2.  De  Sacramentorum 
Christianse  Religionis  Institutione. 
Lond.  1585,  8vo.  Also  other 
works.     Bib.  Brit. 


176 


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HAYNES'  BAPTIST 


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COLLIER,  William.  This  hum- 
ble and  devoted  servant  of  God 
was  born  in  Scituate,  Mass.,  Oct. 
11,  1771.  His  father,  though  not 
a  professor  of  religion,  was  much 
respected  for  his  intelligence,  in- 
dustrious habits  and  strict  moral 
integrity.  His  mother,  happily  for 
him,  was  a  woman  of  piety,  and 
the  character  which  was  Ibrined 
under  her  training,  furnishes  one 
of  the  most  delightful  proofs  of  the 
influence  of  maternal  instructions 
and  example.  To  that  source,  un- 
der God,  may  be  traced  the  pecu- 
liar simplicity  of  spirit  and  purpose, 
and  the  conscientious  regard  to 
moral  obligations,  which  distin- 
guished him  through  life.  He  was 
trained  up  in  the  way  he  should 
go,  and  when  he  was  old  he  did 
not  depart  from  it. 

While  yet  a  youth,  Mr.  C.  re- 
moved to  Boston,  for  the  purpose 
of  learning  the  trade  of  a  carpen- 
ter, and  soon  becaiiie  a  hearer  of 
the  Rev,  Dr.  Baldwin,  whose  faith- 
ful ministry  was  blessed  to  his 
conversion.  Soon  after  the  age  of 
twenty-one,  he  was  baptized  by  his 
pastor,  and  became  a  member  of 
the  Second  Baptist  church.  Consi- 
dering it  as  his  duty  to  prepare  to 
preach  the  gospel,  he  entered  upon 
a  course  of  study  at  the  Rhode  Is- 
land College,  now  Brown  Univer- 
sity, where  he  graduated  in  1797, 
and  afterward  studied  theology 
under  the  direction  of  its  distin- 
guished President,  Dr.  Jonathan 
Maxcy.  In  1799,  he  was  ordain- 
ed to  the  work  of  the  ministry,  Dr. 
Baldwin  preaching  the  sermon,  and 
Dr.  Stillman  giving  him  the  charge. 
Having  preached  one  year  to  the 
Baptist  Church  in  Newport,  R.  I., 
he  was  the  next  four  years,  the 
pastor  of  the  First  Baptist  church 


in  New- York,  after  which  he  re- 
moved to  Charlestown,  Mass.,  where 
he  remained  a  pastor  of  the  First 
Baptist  church  until  the  year  1820, 
Irom  which  date  until  the  time  of 
his  death,  March  19,  1843,  he  re- 
sided in  Boston,  and  labored  in  the 
•service  of  the  "  Female  Society 
for  Missionary  purposes." 

As  a  preacher,  Mr.  C.  was  not 
remarkable  ;  though  his  meekness, 
humility,  prudence  and  eminent 
consistency  of  deportment  always 
secured  for  him  the  respect  and 
confidence  of  his  hearers.  As  a 
pastor,  he  particularly  excelled. 
Like  the  good  shepherd,  he  knew 
his  flock,  and  could  call  them  all 
by  their  names.  He  went  from 
house  to  house,  comforting,  exhort- 
ing, and  instructing  every  one  of 
them,  as  a  father  doth  his  children. 
Nor  were  his  labors,  when  in  Char- 
lestown, confined  to  his  own  people. 
Ever  intent  upon  carrying  the  gos- 
pel to  the  poor  and  destitute,  he 
early  turned  his  attention  to  the 
spiritual  wants  of  the  unhappy  in- 
dividuals confined  in  the  Peniten- 
tiary, where  he  was,  soon  after  his 
settlement  in  Charlestown,  appoint- 
ed to  the  office  of  chaplain,  in 
which  capacity  he  acted  for  several 
years  after  his  removal  to  Boston — 
thus  imitating  his  Divine  Master, 
who  was  commissioned  "  to  pub- 
lish good  tidings  to  the  meek,  to 
bind  up  the  broken  hearted,  to 
proclaim  liberty  to  the  captives, 
and  the  opening  of  the  prison  to 
them  that  are  bound." 

As  a  city  missionary,  his  labors 
were  confined  mainly  to  the  poor, 
the  neglected  and  the  vicious,  and, 
though  his  movements  were  noise- 
less, and  attracted  little  attention, 
yet  they  were  effective  in  the  pro- 
duction of  valuable   results.     He 


Co 


CYCLOPEDIA. 


Co 


177 


was  the  minister  of  kindness  to 
many  afflicted,  the  almoner  of 
others'  bounty  to  many  suffering, 
the  counsellor  of  many  amid  the 
perplexities  of  temptation.  He 
visited  the  sick  and  dying  in  places 
seldom  trodden  by  christian  feet ; 
he  conveyed  the  light  of  truth  and 
mercy  into  the  dark,  squalid  abodes 
of  the  most  wretched  and  abandon- 
ed ;  he  rescued  from  the  haunts  of 
infamy  not  a  few  who  were  on  the 
frontier  of  perdition.  Neglected 
children  were  the  objects  of  his 
special  care,  and  many  who  now 
occupy  respectable  stations  in  so- 
ciety, will  long  bless  him  tor  his 
devotion  to  their  perilled  interests. 
None  but  those  who  occasionally 
accompanied  him,  as  he  "went  about 
doing  good,"  could  appreciate  the 
amount  of  labor  which  he  perform- 
ed, the  sacrifices  which  he  made, 
the  blessings  of  which  he  was  the 
judicious  dispenser.  His  record  is 
on  high  ;  and  the  great  day  alone, 
will  disclose  the  sum  of  his  useful- 
ness. 

Mr.  Collier  was  one  of  the  pio- 
neers in  the  great  temperance  re- 
formation. More  than  thirty  years 
ago  he  published  Dr.  Rush's  "  In- 
quiry into  the  nature  and  effects 
of  ardent  spirits  ;"  and  in  1826,  he 
commenced  the  publication  of  the 
"  National  Philanthropist,"  the  ob- 
ject of  which  was  to  advocate  en- 
tire abstinence  from  all  intoxicat- 
ing drinks.  This  was  the  first 
temperance  journal  in  the  country, 
and  indeed  in  the  world.  He  was 
also  the  friend  and  promoter  of 
all  good  enterprises  which  con- 
template the  advancement  of 
truth  and  righteousness  in  the  i 
world.  I 

His  last  illness  was  attended  by  i 
great      prostration     of     physical! 


strength,  but  his  mind  was  clear, 
vigorous,  and  serene,  and  he  was 
able  to  give  his  decided  te,stimony 
to  the  faithfulness  of  the  Redeem- 
er whom  he  had  served,  and  the 
excellence  of  the  gospel  whose 
doctrines  he  believed,  whose  pre- 
cepts he  had  obeyed,  whose  spirit 
he  had  exemplified,  and  Avhose 
promises  he  still  trusted.  His  end 
was  peace ;  his  memory  is  blessed. 
■—Baptist  Blemorial. 

COLLIER,  Thomas,  M^as  a  min- 
ister of  the  Baptist  persuasion,  a 
person  of  great  diligence,  modera- 
tion and  usefulness,  and  a  sufferer 
in  the  evil  times  in  which  he  lived. 
Edwards  denominates  him  a  gi-eat 
sectary,  and  a  man  of  great 
power  among  them  ;  who  had 
emissaries  under  him,  whom  he 
sent  abroad  into  various  parts  of 
the  country.  He  preached  some 
time  in  the  island  of  Guernsey, 
where  he  had  many  converts  ;  but 
his  cruel  persecutors  would  not 
allow  him  to  enjoy  peace.  They 
banished  him  and  many  of  his 
followers  from  the  place,  aaid  cast 
them  into  prison  at  f  ortsmoutl^ ; 
but  how  long  they  ■  reanaaned  in 
confinement,  we  are  .not  informed. 
On  account  of  his  incessant  labots 
and  extensive  usefulaess,.  h«  is  rei- 
presented  by-  his  adversaries,  as 
having  done  much;  hurt  atLynl- 
ington,  Haiapton,  Walthaiin,;  and 
all  along  the  west  country.  "Tbi.? 
Collier,"  says  my  author,  ,  •'  is  a, 
great  sectary  in  the  west  of  Eng- 
land, a  mechanical ;  fellow,  and  a 
great  emissary,  a  dipper,  who  goes 
about  Surrey,  Hampshire,  and 
tho.se  counties,  preaching  and  dip- 
ping. About  a  fortnight  ago,  on 
the  Lord's  day,  he  preached  at 
Guildford,  in  the  meeting  place, 
and  to  the  company  of  one  old  Mr. 


178 


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HAYNES'  BAPTIST 


Co 


Close,  an  independent  minister, 
who  hath  set  up  at  Guildford,  and 
done  a  great  deal  of  mischief,  hav- 
ing drawn  away  many  of  the  well 
meaning  people  from  the  ministry 
of  other  godly  ministers.  There 
this  Collier  exercised  ;  and  it  was 
given  out  in  the  country,  that  he 
was  a  rare  man ;  and  the  people 
came  from  the  towns  ahout  to  hear 
him.  This  fellow,  in  his  circuit, 
at  an  exercise  where  he  was 
preaching  to  many  women  for  re- 
baptization  and  dipping,  made  use 
of  that  scripture  for  that  purpose  : 
"  And  in  that  day,  seven  shall 
take  hold  of  one  man,  &c.'' 

In  the  year  1645,  Mr.  Collier 
came  forward  in  vindication  of  his 
sentiments,  and  published  a  work, 
entitled  "  Certain  Queries,  or 
Points  now  in  Controversy  Ex- 
amined ;"  in  which,  after  vindicat- 
ing his  own  views  of  Christian 
baptism,  he  maintains  that  magis- 
trates have  no  power  whatever  to 
establish  church  government,  or 
to  compel  any  persons  by  any  hu- 
man power,  toiobserve  the  govern- 
irieht  of  Christ.^  in  discussing  the 
pbwei^  of ^  the  civil  itlagistrate  in 
ecclesiastical  matters,  he  gives  his 
advice  to  ihe'  Parliament  to  use 
their^  iitmost  eiideavoTS  to  i  omote 
a'  further  ^reformation  f  the 
chu-roh  ;■  for  the  attain  i' ent  of 
■ikrhich,  he  irecbmmends  ihem  "to 
disniiss  that  ass*mMyoi_  learned 
men>  who  are  now  called  together 
to  coli^ult  about  :  matters  of  reli- 
gion, because  he  canilot  conclude 
that  God  hath  any  thing'  for  them 
to  do — and  he  knows  no  rule  in 
the  book  of  God  for  such  an  as- 
sembly." He  also  recommends 
them  to  go  forward  in  subduing 
their  antichristian  enemies,  so  far 
as  by  civil  law  they  had  power. 


He  then  concludes  by  recommend- 
ing the  Parliament  to  give  the 
kingdom  to  the  saints  ;  "by  which 
is  meant,"  he  says,  "  not  only  an 
external  kingdom,  but  the  spiritual 
kingdom  and  government  of  the 
Church  of  Christ." 

The  year  following,  two  of 
Mr.  Collier's  letters,  addressed  to 
his  religious  friends,  were  inter- 
cepted, and  published  to  the  world. 
As  they  discover  his  piety  and 
usefulness,  and  contain  a  sufficient 
answer  to  all  the  impious  clamor 
of  Mr.  Edwards'  scurrilous  pen,  it 
will  be  proper  to  insert  them.  The 
first,  dated  from  Guildford,  April 
20th,  1640,  is  addressed  "  To  the 
Saints  in  the  order  and  fellowship 
of  the  gospel  at  Taunton  ?"  the 
preamble  to  which  is,  "  Your  dear 
brother,  Thomas  Collier,  desireth 
the  increase  of  grace  and  peace 
from  God  the  Father,  and  from 
our  Lord  Jesus  Christ,"  and  is  as 
follows : 
"  Dea7-  Brethren  and  Sisters, — 

"  I  have  not  had  an  opportunity 
of  writing  unto  you  until  now,  al- 
though my  spirit  hath  been  up  to 
the  Lord  for  you  continually.  The 
Lord  hath  manifested  his  presence 
with  me  exceedingly  in  my  jour- 
ney. I  desire  the  Lord  to  raise  up 
your  hearts  in  thankfulness.  He 
hath  gathered  saints  in  Pool  by  me. 
Fourteen  took  up  the  ordinance 
at  once  ;  there  is  like  to  be  a  great 
work  ;  and  I  confirmed  the 
churches  in  other  places.  I  am 
not  yet  got  so  far  as  London, 
but  I  shall,  I  expect,  to-mor- 
row. Dearly  beloved,  my  desire 
and  prayer  to  our  Father,  on  your 
behalf,  is,  that  your  souls  may  be 
satisfied  with  his  fulness,  that  you 
may  live  above,  and  then  you  shall 
not   want  comfort.     My  exhorta- 


Co 


CYCLOPAEDIA. 


Co 


179 


tion  to  you  is,  to  wait  upon  the 
Lord,  in  his  own  way,  and  not  to 
look  forth  into  the  world.  There 
is  bread  enough  in  your  father's 
house,  where  he  hath  promised 
his  presence.  Though  you  seem 
to  want  gilts,  yet  you  shall  not 
want  the  presence  of  your  Father, 
your  Jesus,  if  you  wait  upon  him. 
There  are  two  brethren,  1  suppose, 
will  visit  you  I'rom  Hampton — 
brother  Sims  and  brother  Row — 
whom  I  desire  you  to  receive  as 
from  the  Lord.  The  unlimited 
power  of  the  Presbyterians  is  deni- 
ed them,  of  which  you  shall  hear 
more  shortly.  I  desire  to  be  re- 
membered to  all  my  kind  friends 
with  you,  and  at  present  rest  your 
dear  brother  in  the  faith  and  fel- 
lowship of  the  Gospel. 

Thomas  Collier." 

Li  a  note  to  the  above  letter, 
Mr.  Collier  says,  "  I  shall  see  you 
as  speedily  as  possible."  This  se- 
cond letter  breathes  the  same  pious 
feelings,  and  is  also  addressed  "To 
the  Saints  in  the  order  and  the 
fellowship  of  the  Gospel."  It  is 
dated  from  London,  May  2d,  1646, 
and  is  as  follows  : 
"  My  dear  ones  in  the  Lord  Jesus, 

"  I  salute  you,  desiring  him  who 
is  our  head  and  liusband,  our  life 
and  liberty,  our  all  and  in  all,  to 
gather  up  our  souls  more  abun- 
dantly into  the  glorious  unity  and 
fellowship  of  the  Son  of  God ;  that 
you  may  not  live  upon  these  lower 
things,  which  are  but  instruments 
to  convey  light  and  love  unto  us ; 
I  mean  even  ordinances  or  the 
like ;  which  indeed  are  but  as  a 
shell  without  the  kernel,  further 
than  we  enjoy  Christ  in  them. 
My  dear  ones,  you  are  in  my  heart 
continually,  and  my  desire  is  to 
be  with  you  as  soon  as  possibly  I 


can,  to  impart  some  spiritual 
gifts  unto  you,  and  to  enjoy  fellow- 
ship in  Jesus  Christ  with  you. 
But  what  is  this  ?  you  are  upon 
the  heart  of  Christ ;  nay,  engraved 
upon  his  hand,  and  shall  be  had 
in  everlasting  remembrance  before 
him.  I  am  much  in  haste  at  pre- 
sent, the  post  coming  forth  of  town, 
only  I  have  sent  you  these  few 
lines,  and  two  books  here  enclosed, 
as  a  remembrance  of  my  love.  I 
desire  to  be  remembered  to  all  my 
dear  friends  with  you,  and  at  pre- 
sent remain  your  dear  brother  in 
the  faith  and  fellowship  of  the 
Gospel. 

Thomas  Collier." 

Mr.  Collier  was  author  of  seve- 
ral other  pieces,  in  addition  to  the 
one  we  have  mentioned,  which 
were  probably  on  the  controversies 
of  the  day.  But  at  what  place  or 
places  he  afterwards  preached,  or 
when  he  died,  we  are  not  inform- 
ed.— Baptist  Memorial. 

CHOULES,  J.  O.  This  dis- 
tinguished living  Baptist  was  edi- 
tor of — The  Comprehensive  Com- 
mentary on  the  Bible,  Baptist  edi- 
tion, Fessenden  &  Co.,  Brattle- 
boro,  Vermont.  ls:37.  J.  B.  Lip- 
pencott  &  Co.,  Philadelphia,  1838, 
in  6  vols.,  fol.  Also,  History  of 
INIissions. 

CROOK,  George,  An  English 
Baptist,  author  of — Conversations 
on  Baptism.     Benedict,  p.  207. 

CONE,  Spencer,  H.,  D.  D. 
This  venerable  pastor  of  the  First 
Baptist  Church,  New  York,  and 
i  President  of  the  American  and  Fo- 
reign Bible  Society,  is  known  as  the 
author  of — AnLitroductory  Essay 
to  Judd's  Remains.  The  Bible 
translation,  Communion,  and  of  se- 
veral Historical  notices  of  church- 
es, biographical  notices,  &c.     But 


180 


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HAYNES'  BAPTIST 


Co 


since  we  record  only  the  titles  of 
works  of  living  Baptist  authors, 
we  waive  here  any  further  notice 
of  this  writer,  but  in  the  Gazet- 
teer under  Art.  Bible  Society,  Am. 
and  For.,  and  Art.  Oliver-street, 
and  Broonie-street  Baptist  church- 
es, New  York,  and  other  churches 
in  Washington,  D.  C,  and  in  New 
Jersey,he  willbe  more  fully  noticed. 

COFFIN,  Robert  A.,  of  Nor- 
walk,  Connecticut,  author  of  a 
Prize  Essay — On  Town  Organiza- 
tion.    Boston,  1845.      A  Baptist. 

CORNELL,  Joseph,  a  Baptist 
minister,  born  11th  February,  1747, 
at  Swansea,  Massachusetts  ;  died 
at  Galway,  New- York,  26th  July, 
1826.  He  was  ordained  to  the 
ministry  in  1780,  at  Lanesborough, 
Massachusetts,  having  previously 
married  Mary  Mason.  His  con- 
version occurred  at  about  1 9  years 
of  age,  and  when  about  21,  he  was 
baptized  by  Russel  Mason.  Soon 
after  he  entered  the  ministry,  his 
labors  were  successful  at  Manches- 
ter, Vermont,  where  he  resided 
about  14  years,  then  removed  to 
Gal  way,  New- York,  1794,  where 
he  was  pastor  five  years. 

For  three  years  after  his  resig- 
nation, until  1802,  he  labored  as 
an  Evangelist  in  New- York  and 
Upper  Canada.  From  1802  to 
1812,  he  was  pastor  of  the  First 
Baptist  Church  at  Providence,  R. 
I.,  and  then  returning  to  Galway, 
New- York,  labored  nine  years  as 
pastor  of  the  Second  Baptist 
Church,  then  resigning  in  favor  of 
Eugenio  Kincaid.  during  the  next 
five  years  he  labored  either  as  an 
Evangelist  in  Columbia  county. 
New- York,  or  in  New-England  as 
agent  of  the  Hamilton  Baptist 
Missionary  Society.  He  died 
aged  80,  having  preached  the  gos- 


pel 46  years.  He  was  illiterate, 
but  studious,  energetic,  and  labo- 
rious. His  preaching  was  charac- 
terized by  zeal,  fervor,  and  spiritu- 
ality. His  judgment  was  dis- 
criminating, and  his  influence  was 
extensively  useful,  popular,  and 
conservative.  Peck  and  Law- 
ton's  Historical  Sketch,  &c.,  p.  200. 
COMSTOCK,  Elkanah,  a  Bap- 
tist minister,  born  at  New-London, 
Connecticut,  30th  September,  1771; 
died  of  dropsy  in  his  native  town, 
13th  May,  1834.  He  married  in 
1797,  having  previously  been  bap- 
tized, and  entered  the  ministry. 
He  resided  from  1802  to  1807,  in 
Albany  County,  New- York,  and 
subsequently  for  17  years,  in  the 
towns  of  Scipio  and  Owasco,  in 
Cayuga  County,  New-Y'^ork,  during 
which  time  he  labored  successfully, 
as  an  Evangelist,  in  Western 
New- York  and  Pennsylvania,  in 
pioneer  settlements.  Particularly 
were  his  efforts  owned  of  God  in 
the  churches  of  the  Cayuga  Asso- 
ciation. In  1824  he  removed  to 
Pontiac  in  Michigan,  under  np- 
pointment  of  the  New- York  Bap- 
tist State  Convention,  and  was 
the  first  minister,  except  Roman 
Catholics,  settled  in  the  territorv 
of  that  State.  So  signally  success- 
ful were  his  efforts,  that  in  1826, 
or  7,  the  first  Baptist  Association 
in  Michigan  sprung  into  existence. 
He  was  pastor  of  Pontiac  Church 
until  the  year  previous  to  his  re- 
lease from  the  trials  of  earth. 
During  32  years,  he  was  the  faith- 
ful and  sympathizing  servant  of 
the  Churches  of  Christ,  and  the 
anxious  preacher  of  glad  tidings 
to  perishing  sinners.  Such  men 
have  been  too  little  appreciated, 
while  ministers  who  seek  and  find 
pleasant    places    of    leisure    and 


quietly  enjoy  the  result  of  the 
labors  of  such  as  the  beloved  Corn- 
stock,  are  flattered  and  promoted, 
receiving  honor  of  one  another  and 
of  men.  But  his  record  is  on  high, 
and  his  honor  is  that  which  comes 
from  God  to  him  who  does  faith- 
fully the  work  of  an  Evangelist. 
Peck  and  Lawton's  Hist.  Sketches, 
&c.,  pp.  225-228. 

COLES,  Peter,  an  English 
Baptist  minister  of  Downtown,  in 
County  Sarum,  was  imprisoned 
for  Konconformity  several  years  in 
the  county  jail,  at  Saruin,  with 
AValter  Penn  and  John  Kingman, 
the  first  pastor  of  Sarum,  and  the 
latter  of  Burford  Baptist  Church. 
Crosby,  vol.  3.  p.  126. 

CLOPTON,  William.  For  the 
biographies  of  William  Clopton, 
John  Courtney,  John  Corbly, 
Lewis  Conner,  and  Thomas  Con- 
diut,  see  Taylor's  Lives  of  Virgi- 
nia Baptist  Ministers;  and  for  the 
memoir  of  Clopton,  the  missionary 
who  died  in  China,  see  Southern 
Baptist  Missionary  Journal. 

COLE,  Nathaniel,  Jun.,  an 
American  Baptists  minister,  was 
born  at  Swansea,  Massachusetts, 
14th  July,  1780.  In  his  youth  he 
was  employed  as  a  mechanic  and 
as  a  school  teacher,  in  Otsego 
county,  New- York.  In  1806  he 
married,  and  the  next  year  settled 
as  a  merchant  in  Southfield,  Ma- 
dison county.  New- York,  where 
he  was  first  a  magistrate,  then 
County  Judge,  then  Representa- 
tive in  the  Legislature  in  1812. 
He  was  baptized  in  1816,  by  Na- 
thaniel L.  Moore,  and  united  with 
the  Baptist  church  at  Fenner,  and 
was  ordained  to  the  ministry,  8th 
April,  1818.  He  was  afflicted 
with  hemorrhage  of  the  lungs, 
which  terminated  his  life,  4th  July, 


1827.     Rev.  John  Peck  preached 

his  I'uneral  Sermon,  from  Acts  viii. 
2.  AMiile  in  the  Legislature  he  de- 
tected and  exposed  a  singular  case 
of  bribery.  As  a  minister  he  was  a 
peace-maker,  yet  firm,  bold,  decid- 
ed, quick,  ready  and  communica- 
tive. He  knew  no  fear  of  public 
opinion,  and  possessed  in  his  cha- 
racter the  elements  of  ministerial 
success.  Peck  and  Lawton's  Hist. 
Sketches.  &c.,  p.  240. 

CUPERIOLLIS,  Aug.,  author  of 
the  Ibllowing  curious  work,  enti- 
tled— Disputatio  Medico,  Theolo- 
gica  Politici  de  Baptismate  Infan- 
tium  in  uteris  existentium.  Venet. 
1725,  8vo.  Bib.  Brit. 

CHURCH,  John,  author  of— 
The  Divine  Warrant  of  Infant 
Baptism.  Lond.  1648,  4to.  Bib. 
Brit. 

CURCELLiEUS,  or  COUR- 
CELLES,  Stephen  de,  born  at 
Geneva,  1586,  successor  to  Episco- 
pius  as  Professor  of  Theology  at 
Amsterdam,  and  published  his  pre- 
decessor's works,  ■  with  the  life  of 
the  author.  He  was  himself  au- 
thor of  several  theological  and  con- 
troversial pieces,  which  were  after- 
wards published,  collected  by  El- 
zevir. Amst.  1675,  fol.  Bib.  Brit. 
The  titles  of  some  of  these  works 
will  be  annexed  to  the  quotations 
below,  which  are  taken  from 
Booth,  pp.  88,  89,  195,  413,  in  in- 
verse order.  "  Psedobaptism  was 
unknown  in  the  two  first  ages  af- 
ter Christ ;  and  therelbre  this  rite 
is  indeed  observed  by  us,  as  an  an- 
cient custom,  but  not  as  an  apos- 
tolic tradition."  In  Dr.  Gill's  Ar- 
gument from  Apostolic  Tradition, 

"  The  Baptism  ot  Infants  in  the 
two  first  centuries  after  Christ,  was 
altogether  unknown ;  but,   in  the 


182 


HAYNES'  BAPTIST 


Cu 


third  and  fourth,  was  allowed  by 
some  few.  In  the  fifth  and  follow- 
ing ages,  it  was  generally  receiv- 
ed. The  custom  of  baptizing  in- 
fants did  not  begin  before  the 
third  age  after  Christ  was  born. 
In  the  former  ages,  no  trace  of  it 
appears — and  it  was  introduced 
without  the  command  of  Christ." 
Instut.  Relig.  Christ.,  lib.  i.  c.  xii. 
Dissert.  Secund.  de  Peccat.  Orig. 
§  56.  "  Baptism  was  performed  by 
plunging  the  whole  body  into  wa- 
ter, and  not  by  sprinkling  of  a  feio 
drops,  as  is  now  the  practice. 
For  John  was  baptizing  in  Jinon 
near  Saiim,  because  there  was 
much  water ;  and  they  came  and 
were  baptized.  John  iii.  23.  Nor 
did  the  disciples  sent  out  by  Christ, 
administer  baptism  afterwards  in 
any  other  way ;  a,nd  this  is  more 
agreeable  to  the  signiiication  of 
the  ordinance.  Romans  vi.  4. 
I  am  therefore  of  opinion,  that 
we  should  endeavor  to  restore 
and  introduce  this  primitive  rite 
of  immersing,  if  it  may  be  done 
without  ofl'ence  to  the  weak ; 
otherwise  it  seems  best  to  tolerate 
this  abuse,  than  to  raise  a  disturb- 
ance in  the  church  about  it.  They 
are  now  ridiculed,  who  desire  to 
be  baptized,  not  hy  sprinMing,hx\i 
as  it  was  performed  by  the  ancient 
church,  by  an  immersion  of  the 
whole  body  into  the  water."  Re- 
lig. Christ.  Instut.  L.  v.  C.  2.  et  a- 
pud  Hiedegg.  Libert.  Christ,  a  Le- 
ge Lib.  V.  et  C.  14,  §  3. 

CURTIS,  Thomas,  D.  D.,  author 
of — Bible  Episcopacy,  a  Bible  con- 
stituency of  the  Church,  and 
Bible  church  ordinances  exhibit- 
ed. Eight  lectures  delivered  in  the 
spring  of  1844,  in  the  Wentworth- 
street  Baptist  Meeting  House, 
Charleston,    S.    C.     By    Thomas 


Curtis  D.  D.,  Charleston,  Burgess 
&  James,  1844,  12mo.  Dr.  Cur- 
tis is  author  of  a  manuscript  Poem 
entitled  The  Messiah,  which,  we 
believe,  has  not  yet  been  publish- 
ed. This  author  will  be  noticed 
in  our  Gazetteer  in  connection 
with  London  Booksellers  and  se- 
veral Institutions  and  Churches  in 
England  and  in  the  United  States. 

CURTIS,  Stephen,  an  English 
Baptist  minister,  born  at  Harring- 
tonworth.  Under  a  bishop's  writ 
this  useful  minister  of  the  Baptist 
church  in  his  native  place,  was 
seized  and  imprisoned  many  years 
for  Nonconformity.  His  property 
was  confiscated,  and  he  impover- 
ished, and  made  to  suffer  severely. 
He  was  a  shepherd.  Crosby,  vol. 
3,  p.  128. 

CUSHMAN,  R.  W.  Author  of 
— A  Pure  Christianity,  the  world's 
only  Hope,  by  R.  W.  Cushman, 
pastor  of  Bowdoin-square  Baptist 
church,  Boston.  N.  Y.  Lewis  Col- 
by, 1845.  By  the  same  author — 
Lectures  to  Young  Men  on  the 
temptations  of  a  City  Life.  Boston, 
Gould,  Kendall  &  Lincoln. 

CLYFTON,  Richard,  Author 
of  a  work  entitled — For  Baptizing 
Infants,  and  against  Baptizing  of 
elder  people,  a  Process  of  the  pas- 
sages between  Smyth  and  Clylton, 
Amst.  1610,  4to.  This  Ciyfton 
was  associated  with  the  English 
exiled  church  at  Amsterdam,  Hol- 
land, and  was  joint  pastor  with  a 
Mr.  Robinson,  the  puritan,  of  one 
of  two  Brownist  churches  in  Not- 
tinghamshire and  Yorkshire,  Eng- 
land, previous  to  his  emigration  to 
Holland,  and  John  Smyth,  the 
Baptist,  of  the  other.  Johnson, 
Ainsworth,  Robinson,  Jessop,  and 
Ciyfton  were  writers  against 
Smyth  after  he  became  a  Baptist. 


Da 


CYCLOPEDIA. 


Da 


183 


For  further  particulars  concerninn^ 
him,  see  Hanbury's  Historical  Me- 
moirs, vol.  1,  chap,  xxi,  p.  271  et 
seq.  Also,  Wilson's  Hist.  Dis- 
sent. Churches,  vol.  1,  p.  24,  2S, 
29,  in  his  biography  of  Henry 
Ainsworth.  See  also,  Art.  Smyth, 
in  its  alphabetical  place. 

DAVIDS.    The  name  is  Welsh, 
and  is  included,  without  any  other 
information,  in  the  list  of  British 
Baptist  authors  on  baptism,  by  Be- ! 
nedict.  i 

DAVIS,  AViLLiAM.  This  excel-! 
lent  man  and  useful  minister  was; 
a  native  of  Orange  County,  Va., 
where  he  was  born  January  7th, 
1765.  His  parents  were  poor,  but 
honest  and  respectable,  and  were 
members  of  the  Episcopal  Church.' 
He  became  concerned  about  his 
soul  at  the  early  age  of  nine  years.  \ 
Two  sermons  which  he  heard 
about  this  time,  (one  by  an  Epis-, 
copalian,  the  other  by  a  Presbyte- ; 
rian,)  made  a  deep  impression  upon 
his  mind.  The  Baptists,  then  call-, 
ed  "  New-Lights,"  commenced; 
preaching  in  his  native  county' 
about  the  same  time.  Much  was; 
said  against  them,  as  those  who; 
were  "  turning  the  world  upside 
down,"  which  raised  much  anxiety 
in  the  mind  of  young  Davis  to 
hear  them.  The  first  opportunity! 
of  the  kind  he  enjoyed  was  to  hear  i 
an  exhortation  and  prayer  from  I 
one  John  Bledsoe.  This  served  toj 
deepen  his  religious  impressions, 
and  frequently  at  that  tender  age 
he  was  known  to  go  forward  vol- 
untarily and  ask  the  ministers  to 
pray  for  him.  He  continued  seri- 
ous, by  turns,  until,  in  his  four- 
teenth year,  a  conversation  he  had  [ 
with  a  pious  negro  in  his  father's 
employment,  (a  Baptist,)  fully 
awakened  him  to   a  sense  of  his 


lost  condition  as  a  sinner.  For 
some  six  months,  his  mind  was  in 
great  distress.  During  those  days 
of  darkness,  he  went  lar  and  near, 
by  day  and  by  night,  as  far  as  lay 
in  his  power,  to  hear  the  gospel 
from  the  Baptist  preachers,  who 
were  itinerating  through  the  coun- 
try. One  night  he  went  some 
four  miles  from  his  father's  resi- 
dence to  attend  a  meeting  held  by 
Elijah  Craig.  During  the  services, 
his  feelings  became  such  as  to  un- 
nerve him ;  he  swooned  away,  and 
remained  in  a  helpless  state  for 
some  time.  In  this  condition,  the 
Lord  brought  deliverance  to  his 
soul.  He  rose  rejoicing,  and  began 
at  once  to  exhort  his  I'ellow-mor- 
tals  to  flee  from  the  wrath  to  come. 
At  this  time  his  parents  resided  in 
Culpeper  county  and  were  op  posers 
and  persecutors  of  the  Baptists. 
William  left  the  parental  roof  ra- 
ther uncerenwiiiousli/ pevhiips,  walk- 
ed some  fourteen  or  fifteen  mile; 
to  a  Baptist  church  in  Orange 
county,  called  S/ae  Run,  where 
he  was  immersed  in  his  fifteenth 
year. 

As  soon  as  he  had  discharged 
this  solemn  duty,  he  returned 
home  and  submitted  himself  to  his 
parents.  Soon  thereafter,  being  en- 
couraged by  his  brethren,  he  was 
in  the  habit  of  exercising  publicly 
in  exhortation  and  prayer.  Tiiese 
exercises  were  sanctified  to  the 
conversion  of  his  parents,  his  two 
older  brothers,  his  youngest  bro- 
ther and  several  of  his  sisters.  All 
these  became  Baptists,  and  con- 
tinued in  "  the  comfort  of  the  Holy 
Ghost"  until  their  death. 

At  sixteen  years  of  age,  though 
much  against  the  will  of  his 
friends,  Mr.  Davis  volunteered  as 
a  soldier   of  the   revolution,    and 


184 


Da 


HAYNES'  BAPTIST 


Da 


was  some  time  under  the  command 
of  Gen.  Lafayette.  He  was  wound- 
ed in  the  head,  and  sufl'ered  greatly 
from  fatigue  and  hunger.  Wliile 
the  army  of  Lafayette  was  on  a 
forced  march  to  join  Washington 
in  the  capture  of  Cornwallis,  young 
Davis  was  without  a  morsel  of  food 
two  whole  days.  This  having 
come  to  the  ears  of  the  General,  he 
was  sent  for  to  his  tent,  and  with 
his  own  hands  he  furnished  the 
j^outhful  soldier  with  food.  This 
kindness,  on  the  part  of  Lafayette, 
was  remembered  with  gratitude  all 
his  life.  He  was  heard  to  mention 
it  during  his  last  sickness.  He 
was  present  at  the  surrender  of 
Cornwallis,  and  after  the  war,  re- 
turned to  his  family  in  Virginia, 
where  he  enjoyed  the  friendship 
and  confidence  of  the  Madisons, 
and  Barbours,  and  other  distin- 
guished men  of  that  State. 

In  1788  he  was  licensed  to 
preach  the  gospel,  while  yet  in  his 
native  State ;  and  was  ordained  in 
Georgia  by  Dozier  Thornton  and 
Thomas  Maxwell  in  1793.  His 
education  was  quite  limited  ;  yet 
he  was  a  man  of  strong  mind,  ex- 
cellent memory,  and  fine  imagina- 
tion. His  manner  was  easy,  yet 
forcible.  He  was  an  original 
thinker,  and  his  style  of  oratory  was 
peculiar  to  himself — bold  and  ener- 
getic. His  character  was  without 
spot  or  blemish,  and  his  piety  was 
of  a  high  order.  One  fact  proves 
that  he  lived  the  religion  which 
he  preached :  Eleven  out  of  the 
twelve  children,  which  he  had,  be- 
came worthy  members  of  the 
church  during  their  father's  life, 
time— three  of  them  are  preachers, 
Jonathan,  James  and  Jesse ;  and 
two  others,  Jeptha  and  William, 
deacons.     As    a  pastor,   he   must 


have  stood  high  with  the  churches 
which  enjoyed  his  watchful  care. 
The  church  in  the  fork  of  Broad 
river  (Elbert  co.,)  he  served  twenty- 
three  years ;  that  at  Beaver  Dam 
twelve  years  ;  Clark's  Station  nine- 
teen years,  &o.  He  possessed  the 
faculty  of  drawing  out  his  breth- 
ren, who  were  called  of  God  to 
the  ministry :  among  those  who 
were  raised  up  under  him,  are  the 
following :  E.  Shackelford,  Isaac 
Shuttle,  Elijah  Mosely,  Isham 
Goss,  James  Hales,  and  Sylvanus 
Gibson. 

In  the  middle  of  life,  Mr.  Davis 
was  a  person  of  fine  appearance, 
weighing  upwards  of  two  hundred 
pounds.  He  suffered  much  in  af- 
ter life  from  dropsy  in  the  chest, 
and  was  so  debilitated  as  to  make 
it  necessary  that  he  should  resign 
all  pastoral  charges.  Yet,  was  in 
the  habit  of  visiting  the  churches, 
whenever  he  was  able  to  ride;  and, 
when  unable  to  stand,  he  would 
preach  in  a  sitting  posture.  While 
thus  standing  on  the  borders  of  the 
tomb,  his  ministry  was  greatly 
blessed.  His  farewell  discourse  to 
the  people  of  Elbert  county  was 
delivered,  while  he  sat  on  a  table 
in  the  open  air,  and  such  was  the 
powerful  effect  produced,  that  it 
was  regarded  as  the  commence- 
ment of  one  of  the  most  glorious 
revivals  ever  experienced  in  that 
county.  He  was  decidedly  favor- 
able to  ministerial  education,  and 
was  one  of  the  Board  of  Mount 
Enon  Academy.  He  was  opposed 
to  the  location,  however,  and  al- 
ways believed  that  that  was  the 
main  cause  of  its  failure.  The 
Temperance  cause  never  had  a 
warmer  friend.  On  this  subject, 
he  addressed  letters  to  the  Sarepta 
and  Georgia    Associations,    when 


CYCLOPEDIA. 


Da 


185 


too  infirm  to  attend  their  sessions,  years.  It  is  rather  remarkable, 
For  several  months  previous  to  I  that  she  did  not  become  a  profes- 
his  death,  he  had  a  presentiment  !sor  of  religion  until  after  her  hus- 
that  his  end  was  near,  often  spake  [band's  death,  She  was  finally 
of  it,  and  arranged  all  his  worldly  baptized  by  her  son,  Jonathan,  and 
business  with  reference  to  it.  All  died  full  of  years  and  in  strong 
his  children  were  invited  to  make  hope  of  eternal  happiness. —  Camp- 
him  a  last  visit,  and  on  their  doing  |  if //'.s  Georgia  Baptists. 
so,  he  required  each  of  his  sons  toj  DAVIS,  J.,  a  Welsh  Baptist 
lay  their  hand  on  the  scar  on  his 


head,  (the  result  of  a  wound  he  re- 
ceived in  his  youth,  while  a  sol- 
dier of  the  revolution.)  and  solemn- 
ly charged  them  severally  to  be 
faithful  to  their  country's  interest 
and  glory.  He  was  in  attendance 
on  a  Methodist  camp-meeting  some 
ten  days  before  his  death,  when  he 
was  taken  suddenly  ill.  His  wife 
(who  was  absent  on  a  visit)  was 
sent  for,  as  also  his  children.  When 
they  arrived,  he  told  the  day  and 
the  hour  he  expected  to  depart 
hence  and  be  with  Christ.  When 
that  day  arrived,  he  spent  a  part  of 
it  in  writing,  and  to  his  friends 
present  gave  a  circumstantial  ac- 
count ot  his  early  life.  Some  two 
or  three  hours  previous  to  his  exit, 
he  was  in  great  pain,  and  frequent- 
ly called  upon  God  for  help.  Of 
his  sons,  Jonathan  and  James,  who 
had  not  yet  arrived,  he  spoke  in  a 
most  affectionate  manner.  To  his 
son  Isaac,  (the  only  one  of  his 
children  not  in  the  church,)  he 
made  a  most  touching  appeal  to 
meet  his  aged  father  in  heaven.  Af- 
ter bidding  his  wife  and  children  a 
last  farewell,  he  desired  to  be  raised 
up  in  bed — then,  raising  his  hands 
towards  heaven,  he  shouted  aloud, 
"  Victory  !  victory  ! !  victory  !  ! !'' — 
lay  down    calmly,    and    instantly 


minister,  now  residing  on  the  (Ca- 
rolina sea  coast,  between  Wil- 
mington and  Charleston,  author 
of — History  of  the  Welsh  Baptists, 
from  A.  D.  63  to  1770.  Pittsburgh, 
1835,  12mo.,  p.  204.  Also  of  a 
Life  of  Christinas  Evans,  and 
Christmas  Evans'  Sermons,  trans- 
lated from  the  Welsh. 

DAVIS,  Joseph,  an  English 
Baptist  minister,  born  at  Chipping- 
Norton,  in  Oxford  county,  August, 
1627  ;  died  16th  February,  1706, 
in  London.  His  father  was  a  Pu- 
ritan, and  chief  burgess  of  Chip- 
ping-Norton.  His  pious  instruc- 
tions were  blessed  to  the  early 
conversion  of  his  son,  who  during 
his  apprenticeship  to  Mr.  Cooling, 
a  mercer,  was  baptized  at  Coven- 
try, and  suffered  persecution  from 
Mr.  Cooling  and  his  family.  From 
the  time  that  Charles  II.  entered 
London,  he  was  five  times  impri- 
soned at  Burford  and  Oxford  Cas- 
tle, and  although  he  took  the  oath 
of  allegiance,  his  goods  were  con- 
fiscated, and  his  last  imprisonment 
lasted  ten  years,  hastened  his  own 
dissolution,  and  destroyed  the  life 
of  his  first  v/ife,  and  yet  afterward 
he  was  mulcted  by  fines  for  meet- 
ing a  Baptist  church.  When  his 
life  was  almost  spent.  King  James 
ascended  the  throne,  and  he  en- 


expired.     This  glorious  triumph  of  I  joyed   liberty  of  conscience.     He 
faith  took  place  on  the  31st  Octo-ileft  in  manuscript — His  last  Leg- 
hex,  1831,  in  his  67th  year.  |«cy,  which  was  published  and  re- 
His  widow  survived  him  eleven!  printedin  1720.    See  Crosby,  vol.  3 ^ 


186 


Da 


HAYNES'  BAPTIST 


Da 


pp.  130-137,  for  an  interesting  ac- 
count of  him  and  his  sufferings. 

DAVIS,  G.  F.,  D.  D.,  an  Ame- 
rican  Baptist,  author  of — A.  Tract. 
A  familiar  dialogue  between  Peter 
and  Benjamin,  on  Communion. 
The  author  resided  at  Hartford, 
Connecticut. 

DAVIS,  Thomas,  pastor  of  the 
Baptist  Church,  Petticoat-lane, 
Westminster,  England,  where  he 
was  killed  15th  June,  1763,  by  a 
stone  falling  upon  him.  He  had 
been  twelve  or  thirteen  years  pas- 
tor there.  See  Petticoat  Lane  in 
Gazetteer. 

DAVIES,  J.  J.,  a  modern  Eng- 
lish Baptist,  author  of — Ecclesias- 
tical establishments  based  on  baby 
baptism.     Benedict,  p.  207. 

DAVIES,  Samuel,  was  born  at 
New-Castle,  in  Delaware,  1724  ; 
died  1761,  an  American  Presbyte- 
rian divine  and  author.  He  is 
more  particularly  known  as  the 
author  of  three  volumes  of  Ser- 
mons, 18mo.,  edited  by  Drs.  Gib- 
bons and  Finley,  London.  In 
vol.  2,  p.  169,3rd  edition,  he  says: 
•'  He  (Christ)  had  a  baptism  to  be 
baptized  with  ;  a  baptism,  an  im- 
mersion in  tears  and  blood."  Apud 
Booth,  p.  17. 

DAVIES,  Mr.,  pastor  of  White- 
street  Particular  Baptist  Church, 
Westminster,  England,  in  1758, 
and  subsequent  years.  See  White- 
street,  in  our  Gazetteer. 

DAVYE,  Thomas,  an  English 
General  Baptist,  author  of — The 
baptism  of  adult  believers  only, 
asserted  and  vindicated  ;  and  that 
of  infants  disproved,  by  Rev.  Tho- 
mas Davye.  London,  pp.  158,  1719. 
Benedict  says  that  he  resided  at 
Leicester,  and  quotes  largely  to 
show  the  character  of  his  work. 
Benedict,  pp.  167,  168. 


DAVE  NANT,  John,  D.D.,  bishop 
of  Salisbury,  born  in  London  ;  died 
1641.  This  Protestant  picdobap- 
tist  was  author  of  several  works — 
Expositio  Epistolse  D.  Pauli  ad 
Colossenses.  Cantab.  1627,  fol.  3d. 
Edit.  Cantab.  1639.  Also,  Episto- 
la  de  Sacramentis.  Loud.  1649, 
8vo.  In  his  work  on  Colossians, 
chapter  ii.  v.  12,  he  says :  "  In 
baptism,  the  burial  of  the  body  of 
sin,  or  of  the  old  Adam,  is  repre- 
sented, when  the  person  be  bap- 
tised is  put  down  into  the  water  ; 
as  a  resurrection^  when  he  is 
brought  out  of  it."  "In  the  an- 
cient church  they  not  only  sprink- 
led but  immersed  those  whom  they 
baptized."  Most  singular  both 
sprinkled  and  immersed  to  com- 
plete a  baptism  or  both  sprinkled 
and  baptized !  Dr.  Barnes  has 
dipped  in  order  to  sprinMe,  by  his 
criticism.  It  is  a  source  of  mirth 
and  serious  lamentation  to  contem- 
plate the  flounderings  of  hard- 
pressed  ptedobaptist  critics.  For 
his  other  works  see  Bib.  Brit. 

D'ASSIGNY,  Marius.  As  this 
writer  was  omitted  under  Ai,  we 
insert  his  name  under  Da  for  the 
sake  of  giving  the  following  title 
of  a  work — Mystery  of  Anabap- 
tism.  This  woi'k  is  quoted  from 
p.  95,  in  Booth,  p.  450,  simply 
D'Assigny,  but  since  we  find  a  list 
of  his  works  published  from  1672 
to  1706,  we  superadd  Marius  as 
his  christian  name,  and  refer  to 
Bib.  Britannica.  He  was  of  course 
a  Pajdobaptist. 

DAGNAL,  Stephen,  one  of  the 
English  Baptist  ministers  ejected 
by  the  Act  of  Uniformity.  He, 
with  eleven  of  his  church  at  Ails- 
bury,  were  sentenced  to  death,  but 
were  pardoned  by  the  King. 
Crosby,  vol.  3,  p.  121 ;  vol.  2,  p.  181. 


Da 


CYCLOPiEDIA. 


Da 


187 


DALE,  Anthony  Van,  M.D.  This 
distinguished  Mennoiiite  Baptist 
was  author  of  the  tbllowing  works  : 
1.  De  Oraculis  Ethiiicorum.  Amst. 
1083,  8vo.  Amst.  1700.  2.  Dis- 
sertationes  de  Origine  ac  Progres-| 
su  Idolatriffi  at  Superstitionum. 
Ainst.  1696,  Svo.  3.  De  Statua 
Sitnoni  Mago,  ut  prajtenditur,  erec- 
ta,  et  de  Chresto  Suetonii.  Amst. 
1700.  4.  Dissertationes  ix.  Anti- 
quitatibus  et  Marmoribus,  cum  Ro- 
manis,  turn  Potissimum  Graecis 
illustrandis  inservientes.  Amst. 
1702,  4to.  5.  Dissertatio  super 
Aristea,  cum  Historia  Baptismor, 
et  Diss.  Super  Sanchoiiiathone. 
Amst.  1705,  4to.  (Bib.  Brit.)  Al- 
though he  was  a  physician,  he 
was  also  a  minister  of  Christ. 
Benedict,  p.  141,  quotes  from; 
Wail's  Hist.  Inf.  Bap.  vol.  2,  p.j 
28,  the  following  passage  from 
Van  Dale's  last  work  above,  Eng- 
lish translation.  History  of  Baptism, 
p.  375,  which  the  author  credits 
to  Scilmasius.  "  In  the  two  first 
centuries  none  received  baptism 
but  such  as  being  instructed  in  the 
faith  and  made  acquainted  with 
the  doctrine  of  Christ,  could  dis- 
close their  belief  of  it,  because  of 
these  words  ;  He  that  be/ieveth  and 
is  baptized  shall  be  saved ;  so  that 
believing  is  to  be  first."' 

DAILLE,  John,  was  born  at 
Chattellerant,  1594  ;  died  at  Paris. 
1670.  He  was  minister  of  the 
church  at  Paris,  a  Protestant  re- 
former, and  one  who  by  his  learn- 
ing and  writings  was  an  ornament 
to  Christianity.  The  only  one  of 
his  works  which  we  will  notice 
was  entitled — De  Usu  Patrum, 
1646,  4to.  Genev.  1656.  Trans- 
lated into  English  under  the  title 
— A  Treatise  concerning  the  right 
use  of  the  Fathers.     Lond.  1651, 


Svo.  In  this  work,  Book  2,  p. 
1848,  he  says  :  "  It  was  the  cus- 
tom heretofore  in  the  ancient  church 
to  plunge  those  they  baptized  over 
head  and  ears  in  water.  This  is 
still  the  practice  both  of  the  Greek 
and  Russian  Churches  even  at 
this  very  day." 

DAWKES,  Clendon,  An  Eng- 
lish Particular  Baptist  minister, 
who  in  1735  was  pastor  of  a 
church,  at  Joiner's  Hall,  Thames-st. 
London.  "  This  gentleman,"  says 
Wilson,  "  is  supposed  to  have 
come  originally  trom  Wellingbo- 
rough, in  Northamptonshire,  and 
was  well  known  in  London,  where 
he  preached  among  the  Particular 
Baptists  a  considerable  number  of 
years.  He  settled  in  early  life, 
with  an  ancient  congregation  in 
Broad-street,  Wapping,  where  he 
succeeded  a  Mr.  Edward  Elliot, 
about  the  year  1719,  or  1720.  In 
this  situation  he  continued  till 
Christmas,  1726,  when  he  resigned 
his  charge,  and  accepted  a  call  to 
become  pastor  of  a  newly  consti- 
tuted church  in  CoUier's-Rents, 
Southwark.  This  connexion,  how- 
ever, was  of  but  short  duration, 
for  Mr.  Dawkes  left  his  people 
early  in  1730  ;  though  upon  what 
account  we  can  find  no  where 
mentioned.  The  probable  reason, 
however,  was  his  partiality  to 
strict  communion  ;  the  church  in 
Collier's-Rents  being  formed  upon 
the  mixed  plan.  After  spending 
about  three  or  four  years  without 
any  settled  charge,  Mr.  Dawkes 
was  chosen  about  1734,  or  1735, 
to  succeed  Mr.  Richardson  as  pas- 
tor of  the  Society  that  met  in  the 
afternoon  at  Devonshire  Square. 
With  this  people  he  continued 
about  sixteen  years  ;  but  their 
numbers  being  greatly  reduced  by 


188 


Da 


HAYNES'  BAPTIST 


Da 


deaths  and  removals,  they  were  at 
length,  under  the  necessity  of  dis- 
solving their  church  state.  This 
event  is  said  to  have  taken  place 
ahout  the  year  1751.  After  this, 
Mr.  Dawkes  accepted  a  call  from 
the  Baptist  Church  at  Hemel- 
Hempstead,  in  Hertfordshire,  w^here 
he  finished  his  course  12th  Decem- 
ber, 1758,  but  at  what  age  does 
not  appear.  Mr.  Dawkes  was  a 
learned  man  and  an  acceptable 
preacher.  His  religious  senti- 
ments were  high  Calvinism,  but 
he  seems  to  have  carried  himself 
with  moderation  towards  his  bre- 
thren. Mr.  Brine,  of  London, 
preached  his  funeral  sermon,  at 
Heinel-Hempstead,  and  afterwards 
published  it.  The  text  was  2  Cor. 
xi.  "  For  we  know  that  if  the 
earthly  house  of  this  tabernacle 
were  dissolved,"  &c.  Of  Mr.  Dawkes 
he  says  :  "  It  may  now  be  expect- 
ed that  I  should  give  a  character 
of  him,  and  a  beauteous  represen- 
tation might  be  given  of  him  ;  but 
I  must  inform  you,  that  he  laid  an 
injunction  on  me  not  to  enlarge 
upon  his  character,  and  that  he 
expressed  a  dislike  of  bestowing 
encomiums  on  the  dead  ;  however 
a  few  words  concerning  him  may 
surely  be  allowed.  He  was  meek, 
humble,  modest,  wise  and  learned ; 
diligent  in  study,  there  is  reason 
to  think  to  the  prejudice  of  his 
constitution.  He  had  an  enlarged 
acquaintance  with  the  evangelical 
scheme,  and  a  spiritual  savour  of 
the  truths  of  the  gospel.  In  his 
last  long  illness,  which  issued  in 
his  death,  he  was  remarkably  fa- 
vored with  the  presence  of  God, 
and  filled  with  a  lioly  adoration  of 
sovereign  grace  and  mercy.  Those 
glorious  truths,  which  in  the  course 
of  his  ministry,  he  recommended 


to  you,  were  the  matter  of  his  sup- 
port, consolation,  and  unspeakable 
joy,  in  the  views  of  his  dissolution." 
Wilson's  Hist.  Dissent.  Churches, 
vol.  1,  p.  532. 

DAY,  DAYE,  or  DAIE,  John, 
an  eminent  English  printer,  born 
in  St.  Peter's  parish,  Dunwich,  in 
Suffolk  ;  died  23rd  July,  1584. 
He  was  the  first  printer  who  used 
the  Saxon  letter  in  printing,  and 
he  brought  into  use  improvements 
in  printing  in  Greek  and  Italian 
letter.  A  very  long  catalogue  of 
the  books  he  published,  both  witli 
and  without  date,  is  given  in  the 
Bibliotheca  Britannica.  The  titles 
of  two  or  three  will  be  subjoined. 
1.  The  Sum  of  the  Holy  Scrip- 
ture, and  ordinarye  of  the  Chrys- 
tian,  teachyng  the  true  Chrystian 
fayth,  by  whiche  we  be  all  instifi- 
ed  ;  and  of  the  vertue  of  Baptisme 
after  the  teachyne  of  the  Gospel  1 
and  of  the  Apostles,  &c.  Lond. 
1547,  8vo,  2.  A  Simple  and  reli- 
gious consultation  of  vs.  Herman, 
by  the  Grace  of  God  Archbishop 
of  Colone,  and  Prince  Electour, 
&c.,  by  what  means  a  Christian 
Reformation,  and  founded  in  God's 
worde  of  doctrine  Administration, 
of  the  Deuine  Sacraments,  of  Ce- 
remonies, and  the  whole  Cure  of 
Souls,  &c.  Lond.  1547,  12mo.  3. 
Bapt.  Mantuanus,  his  Treatise, 
&c.  V.  Bale,  J.  8vo.      Bib.  Brit. 

DAVENTRIA,  A.,  a  writer 
against  the  Anabaptists,  a.d.  1533. 
Benedict,  p.  926. 

DANTZ,  OR  DANS,  John  An- 
drew, was  born  near  Gotha,  Ger- 
many, 1657  ;  died  1727.  Author 
of  various  Latin  works  in  contro- 
versy with  the  Jews,  also,  Anti- 
quitas  Baptismi  Initiationis  Iraeli- 
tarum  vindicata.  Jense.  1710. 
Bib.  Brit. 


Da 


CYCLOPEDIA. 


Da 


189 


March,  1st,  1796,  the  subject  of 
our  present  notice  was  married,  to 
Miss  Penelope  Cain  Flowers,  of 
Chatham  County,  in  the  same 
State,  with  whom  he  lived  most 
happily  forty-five  years.  The  deep 
piety  and  ardent  zeal,  ibr  the  cause 
of  salvation,  of  this  excellent  and 
devoted  lady,  I  will  be  permitted 
to  remark,  qualified  her  to  be,  and 
she  was,  eminently  a  co-worker 
with  her  husband,  in  his  numer- 
ous labors  in  the  Gospel  field. 
She  closed  a  life  of  consistent 
piety,  and  unwavering  fidelity  in 
her  Christian  profession,  at  Salem, 
in  Mississippi,  on  the  first  day  of 
Janutiry,  ly4().  She  brought  up 
five  sons,  and  three  daughters,  and 
lived  to  greet  twenty-seven  grand 
children  and  great-grand  children. 
For  several  years  previous  to  her 
death,  she  had  been  the  subject  of 
deep  bodily  affliction.  She  felt 
that  she  had  done  her  work  on 
earth,  and  pressed  with  irrelieva- 
ble  suffering,  she  wished  to  depart. 
At  length  '"  the  Angel  of  the  Cov- 
enant" came — 

'* And  faithful  to  his  promise,  stood 

Prepared  to  walk  with  her  through  death's  dork  vale." 

She  met  the  summons  with  a  se- 
rene heart,  and  ascended  express- 
ing her  perfect  confidence  in  the 
boundless  fulness  of  Christ,  and 
that  in  him  she  was  safe. 

Mr.  Daniel  professed  in  July, 
1802,  to  have  obtained  a  hope  in 
Christ.  He  was  then  in  his  twenty- 
ninth  year.  Under  what  instru- 
mentality this  event  occurred,  can- 
not now  be  determined  ;  probably, 
as    has   been    the    case   in  many 


DAGG,  John  L.,  D.D.,  Presi- 
dent of  Mercer  University,  Geor- 
gia, and  author  of  an  Exegesis  on 
John  iii.  5.  Also,  An  Essay  in 
Defence  of  Strict  Communion. 
Penfield  Geo.  1845,  8vo,  p.  74. 
A  very  able  refutation  of  the  ar- 
guments of  Robert  Hall  on  mixed 
communion. 

DAVENPORT,  John,  successor 
to  Samuel  Wilson,  a  pastor  of 
Great  Eastcheap  Particular  Bap- 
tist Church,  London,  in  172().  See 
Great  Eastcheap  in  Gazetteer. 

DAVENPORT,  John,  a  Puritan, 
first  of  England,  then  of  Holland, 
and  finally  of  New-Haven,  Con- 
necticut. The  titles  of  his  works 
we  have  not,  but  according  to  Be- 
nedict, he  WTote  works — 1.  Against 
the  pioiniscous  baptism  of  children 
while  in  Holland,  1634.  2.  In 
favor  of  this  rite  being  more  gene- 
rally extended  to  children  than 
was  then  practised  in  New  Eng- 
land. 1662.  There  is  in  Biblio- 
theca  Britannica  mention  of  a  John 
Davenport,  born  at  Coventry,  Eng- 
land, 1597  ;  died  at  Boston,  1770, 
with  titles  of  several  works,  but  the 
above  are  not  included.  Reference 
may  be  made  to  the  same  man  by 
Benedict  and  Robert  Watt. 

DANIEL,  M.,  an  English  Bap- 
tist, author  of-Dipping  is  baptizing. 
DANIEL,  Robert  T.,  a  Baptist 
minister, — was  the  fifth  son  of 
Samuel  and  Eliza  Thomas  Daniel. 
He  was  born  the  lOthday  of  June, 
1773,  at  their  residence,  in  Middle- 
sex county,  Virginia.  Soon  after 
the  close  of  the  Revolutionary  war, 
the  family  emigrated  to  North 
Carolina,  and   settled    in   Orange 

county,  near  Hillsborough,  where  other  instances,  the  influence  and 
most  of  them  remained  until  the :  exhortations  of  the  lovely,  bloom- 
close  of  their  earthly  pilgrimage.    { ing,  and  pious  girl,  who  had  con- 
At    the    age    of    twenty-there,!  nected  herself  with  the  church  m 


190 


Da 


HAYNES'  BAPTIST 


Da 


very  early  life,  and  who,  six  years 
before,  had  united  her  earthly  des- 
tinies with  his.  Having  found 
peace  in  believing,  he  did  not  de- 
lay to  put  on  Christ,  in  the  divine- 
ly appointed  form,  but  the  next 
month — in  August — was,  at  Holly 
Springs,  in  Wake  county.  North 
Carolina,  of  which  church  he  be- 
came a  member,  "  buried  with 
Christ  in  baptism,"  by  the  Pastor, 
Rev.  Isaac  Hicks. 

The  sacred  fire  that  burned  in  a 
soul  so  ardent  and  ingenuous  as 
his,  could  not  be  depressed  or  con- 
cealed. During  the  early  part, 
therefore,  of  the  succeeding  year, 
1803,  he  began  publicly  to  address 
sinners,  and  at  the  meeting  of  his 
church  in  April,  was  Ibrmally 
licensed  to  preach  the  Gospel.  His 
education  was  extremely  limited, 
and  had  he  been  in  a  condition  to 
apply  himself,  no  facilities  were 
then  at  his  command ;  but  he  had 
less  need  of  this  species  of  prepa- 
ration, than  any  man  I  ever  knew. 
His  extraordinary  abilities  were 
at  once  perceived,  and  three  months 
afterwards  he  was  called  to  ordi- 
nation. He  submitted  with  tremb- 
ling, and  the  solemn  rite  took 
place  at  Holly  Springs,  at  their 
monthly  meeting,  in  July  of  that 
year,  when  he  had  been  a  mem- 
ber of  the  church  but  eleven 
months.  The  officiating  Presby- 
ters were  Elder  Isaac  Hicks,  his 
Pastor,  and  Nathan  Gully,  both 
of  whom,  eminently  useful  minis- 
ters in  their  day,  have  long  since 
gone  to  their  rest.  From  this 
hour,  in  which  he  took  upon  him 
the  solemn  vows  of  the  Episcopal 
office,  until  that  day  in  which  he 
went  up  to  inhabit  "  that  temple 
not  made  with  hands,  eternal  in 
the  heavens,"  he  magnanimously 


devoted  himself  exclusively  to  the 
ministry,  in  the  duties  of  which 
he  expended  his  fortune  and  his 
life.  Of  the  several  pastorships 
he  sustained,  I  will,  for  the  sake 
of  brevity,  limit  the  notice  to  a 
bare  catalogue. 

The  Church  at  Mount  Pisgah, 
near  his  youthful  home,  was  the 
first,  of  which  I  have  information, 
over  which  he  presided.  After 
some  years,  he  changed  his  place 
to  Rocky  River,  in  the  same  coun- 
ty, and  took  charge  of  the  church 
at  May's  Chapel,  in  the  vicinity. 
Thence,  on  their  invitation,  he  re- 
moved to  Sawmill  Church,  in 
Marlborough  district,  South  Caro- 
lina. From  that  place,  he  return- 
ed to  May's  Chapel.  While  here, 
he  accepted  the  call  of  the  Church 
in  Raleigh,  and  removed  to  that 
metropolis.  After  some  years,  he 
resigned  his  pastorship  there,  and 
accepted  the  oversight  of  the 
Church  in  Greenville,  Pitt  county. 
Thence,  he  removed  to  the  Church 
at  Black  Creek,  in  Southampton 
county,  Virginia.  His  next  and 
last  place  of  residence  on  the  other 
side  of  the  mountains,  was  Bell- 
field,  Greenville  county,  Va. 
Leaving  this,  he  emigrated  with 
his  family  to  Tennessee,  and  after 
spending  some  time  in  itinerant 
labors  in  the  middle  part  of  the 
State,  he  settled  in  Lexington, 
Henderson  county.  He  soon  after 
took  charge  of  the  Church  in  Paris, 
in  Henry  county  ;  and  after  a  few 
years  residence  there,  removed  to 
Holly  Springs,  Mississippi ;  whence, 
he  finally  changed  his  residence  to 
Salem,  in  that  State,  where  expir- 
ed the  affectionate  companion  of 
all  his  journeyings,  and  which  he 
regarded  as  his  home,  at  the  time 
of  his  death. 


Da 


CYCLOPAEDIA. 


Da 


191 


From  this  rapid  sketch,  it  will 
be  seen,  that  Mr.  Daniel  was  em- 
phatically a  wanderer.  He  had  lit- 
erally "  no  continuin*^  city."  This 
feature  in  his  history,  was  the  re- 
sult of  causes,  not  difficnlt  to  he  as- 
certained. His  temperament  was 
sanguine.  He  was  easily  discourag. 
ed,  and  as  easily  induced  to  change 
his  place,  by  the  prospect  of  greater 
usel Illness  at  some  other.  The  re- 
vival spirit  had  a  permanent  home 
in  his  heart.  Where  religious  ex- 
citement prevailed,  lor  the  time,  he 
was  powerfully  attracted,  and 
strongly  disposed  to  fix  his  resi- 
dence. But  the  consideration 
which,  I  apprehend,  more  especi- 
ally governed  his  movements,  was 
the  just  conviction,  that  Divine 
Grace  had  designed  and  fitted 
him  peculiarly  for  the  labors  of 
an  Evangelist.  He  was,  therefore, 
desirous  of  being  constantly  in  the 
itinerant  service.  These,  and  not 
any  dissatisfactions  of  his  churches, 
or  difticulties  with  them,  were  the 
causes  of  his  frequent  removals. 
No  man  had  more  than  he  of 
Christian  urbanity  and  kindness, 
was  more  ardentlj'  beloved  by  his 
people,  or  more  deeply  regretted 
when  he  considered  it  his  duty  to 
leave  them.  These  facts,  if  we 
had  no  other  proof  of  their  truth, 
were  sufficiently  demonstrated  by 
the  enthusiastic  joy  with  which 
the  people  over  whom  he  had  once 
presided,  always  greeted  his  sub- 
sequent visits  among  them. 

Another  prominent  characteris- 
tic of  our  departed  brother  was,  an 
abiding  desire  to  unite  the  people 
of  God  in  evangelical  action,  by 
which,  he  was  assured,  they  could 
accomplish  more  than  in  their  se- 
parate and  individual  capacity. 
He    understood    and    appreciated 


'the  advantages,  of  which  we  may 
in  this  way  avail  ourselves,  for 
the  more  thorough  and  extensive 
preaching  of  the  Gospel,  in  our 
own  and  other  lands.  He  was 
consequently,  a  zealous  actor  in 
the  origination  of  many  religious 
and  benevolent  associations,  and 
the  chiel'  instrument,  in  the  region 
of  his  labors,  by  which  they  were 
sustained.  Much  of  his  time  was 
occupied  with  these  duties.  Dur- 
ing a  greater  part  of  his  life,  he 
was  either  a  missionary  or  an 
agent,  of  some  one  or  another  of 
them.  In  these  capacities  he 
served  successively,  besides,  per- 
haps, several  other.s  whose  names 
do  not  now  oc(!ur  to  me  :  the  North 
Carolina  Baptist  Missionary  So- 
ciety, and  Baptist  State  Conven- 
tion ;  the  Baptist  Board  of  Foreign 
Missions  ;  the  Baptist  General  As- 
sociation of  Virginia  ;  the  Ameri- 
can Baptist  Home  Mission  Society; 
the  Baptist  State  Convention  of 
Tennessee  ;  the  Education  Socie- 
ties of  Tennessee  and  Mississippi ; 
and  the  South-Western  Home  Mis- 
sion Society.  AVhen  he  was  over- 
taken by  the  message  which  called 
him  hence,  he  was  on  a  tour 
which  he  had  projected  for  tliR  be- 
nefit of  the  last  two  of  these  ;'Ocie- 
ties,  which  he  proposed  to  extend 
through  Tennessee,  Virginia,  North 
and  South  Carolina,  Alabama  and 
Mississippi. 

When  not  especially  employed 
as  a  missionary  or  agent,  the  whole 
region  of  the  country,  within  from 
a  hundred  to  two  hundred  miles 
of  his  residence,  was  frequently 
visited  by  him,  and  especially 
such  places  as  gave  indications  of 
revival.  In  these  excursions,  his 
labors  were  often  attended  by  the 
inostfjlorious  results.    He  was  not, 


192 


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HAYNES'  BAPTIST 


Da 


consequently,  much  with  his 
churclies — and  yet,  most  of  them 
were,  by  his  instrumentality,  built 
np,  and  greatly  .  enlarged  and 
strengthened.  It  is,  therefore, 
matter  of  no  surprise,  that  during 
the  last  thirty  years  and  more  of 
his  life,  he  tilled  so  large  a  space 
in  the  public  eye,  in  the  South 
and  South- West.  He  was  honored, 
as  the  instrument  of  originating  or 
advancing  many  powerful  and  ex- 
tensive revivals,  from  which  the 
churches  have  been  replenished 
with  members,  and  out  of  which, 
have  gone  forth  numerous  minis- 
ters into  the  Gospel  field.  In  a 
letter  to  me,  written  from  his 
death-bed,  referring  to  these  sub- 
jects, he  says : — 

"  During  the  thirty-seven  years 
that  have  passed  away  since  I 
commenced  the  work  of  the  min- 
istry, I  have  travelled  for  the  pur- 
pose of  preaching  the  CTOspel, 
about  sixty  thousand  miles,  preach- 
ed upwards  of  five  thousand  ser- 
mons, and  baptized  more  ih&a.  fif- 
teen hundred  people.  Of  that  num- 
ber, many  are  now  ministers  of 
various  grades,  but  twelve  are  men 
of  distinguished  talents  and  use- 
fulness, and  ten,  mostly  through 
my  procurement,  are  regularly 
and  thoroughly  educated.  Of  all 
these,"  he  adds,  "  1  have  nothing 
to  boast,  only  in  Christ  Jesus,  my 
Lord.  I  regret,  much,  that  I  have 
done  so  little  for  his  dear  cause, 
and  been  so  cold-hearted,  and  re- 
miss in  duty." 

The  readers  of  this  article  are 
aware  that  an  Evangelist  seldom 
baptizes  more  than  a  very  small 
proportion  of  those  who  profess  re- 
ligion under  his  ministry.  If,  then, 
our  lamented  brother  baptized  fif- 
teen hundred,  we  may  safely  con- 


clude, that  he  had  been  the  instru- 
ment of  the  conversion  of  five 
times  that  number,  or,  at  least, 
seven  thousand  five  hundred  per- 
sons. 

Mr.  Daniel  was  emphatically, 
the  friend  of  young  ministers.  Af- 
fectionate and  sympathetic  in  his 
intercourse  with  them,  he  was  ever 
ready  to  impart  instruction,  and  to 
encourage  and  sustain  them  by 
his  countenance  and  influence. 
His  advice  was  always  in  favor  of 
a  close  and  constant  study  of  the 
Bible,  joined  with  ardent  prayer, 
humility,  and  exclusive  devotion 
to  the  glorious  cause.  Many  a 
young  minister  has  felt,  for  years, 
the  influence  of  a  few  hours'  inter- 
course with  him. 

"  His  eye  was  meek  and  gentle,  anJ  a  Bmile 
Played  on  his  lips  ;  and  in  his  speech  was  heard 
Paternal  sweetness,  dignity,  and  love. 
Tlie  occupation  dearest  to  his  heart 
Was  to  encourage  goodness." 

To  no  man  more  than  to  him,  is 
the  Church  in  the  South  and 
South- West  indebted,  for  the  spirit 
that  now  prevails,  and  the  means 
at  her  command,  for  ministerial 
improvement. 

He  was  truly  apostolic  in  his 
sentiments  and  actions,  regarding 
the  spread  of  the  Gospel.  His  soli- 
citude could  not  be  circumscribed 
by  the  boundaries  of  a  town,  a 
county,  a  state,  or  even  continent. 
His  soul  was  too  expanded  to 
move  in  so  small  a  circle.  The 
cause  of  Christ  was  the  same  in 
all  lands  to  him,  and  had  the  same 
measure  of  his  prayers,  labors  and 
anxieties.  In  the  last  article  he 
ever  wrote  for  publication,  he  ear- 
nestly, as  professedly  his  dying 
admonition,  solicits  the  ministri/ 
to  give  themselves  wholly  to  the 
work ;  to  avoid  all  feelings  of  sel- 
fishness ;  in  their  addresses  to  be 


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193 


plain,  brief,  perspicuous,  and  to 
preach  to  the  heart ;  to  be  affec- 
tionate to  other  denominations ; 
to  seek  self-government,  and  con- 
tinued mental  advancement  ;  to 
indulge  no  jealousies  towards  each 
other  ;  to  seek  out  and  encourage 
young  men  whose  duty  it  may  be 
to  preach  ;  and  to  avoid  secular 
and  political  stations  and  honors ; 
to  be  i'aithful  in  private  intercourse ; 
to  be  industrious  in  preparations 
for  the  pulpit ;  to  abjure  all  ego- 
tism ;  never  to  ordain  any  man,  of 
whose  fitness  for  the  sacred  office 
they  are  not  entirely  satisfied :  and 
to  remember  that,  whatever  may 
be  their  literary  and  philosophical 
attainments,  without  a  thorough 
knowledge  of  the  Bible,  they  are 
unprepared  to  perform  the  duties 
of  a  minister  of  Christ.  In  the 
same  paper,  he  exhorts  the  churches 
to  be  indissolubly  united  in  their 
efforts  for  the  spread  of  the  Gos-  [ 
pel  ;  to  sustain  the  ministry  by  i 
their  co-operation,  their  prayers,  j 
and  their  contributions  ;  to  provide 
means,  for  the  education  of  those ! 
who  are  preparing  to  enter  the  \ 
field ;  to  see  that  they  are  all  de- 1 
voted  to  the  work  ;  to  secure  the  | 
services  of  able  and  efficient  dea- 
cons ;  and  to  cultivate  among 
themselves,  assiduously,  the  spirit 
of  concord.  Thus  is  his  character 
illustrated,  with  reference  to  the 
general  cause  of  salvation.  1 

Than  our  lamented  brother,  few 
men  have  ever  possessed  in  a  high- 
er degree,  the  qualifications  neces- 
sary to  a  successful  minister  of 
the  Gospel. 

He  had  not  the  learning  of  the 
schools,  and  yet,  if  education  con- 
sist in  the  discipline  of  the  mind  ; 
the  expansion,  and  energy,  and 
discrimination  of  the  intellect ;  the 


ability  to  perceive  the  nature,  the 
relations,  the  bearings  and  influ- 
ence of  any  subject  he  wished  to 
investigate,  his  was  unquestion- 
ably, most  extensive  and  thorough. 
The  Bible,  and  the  human  heart, 
were  his  chief  books.  He  read 
little  else.  His  rhetoric,  he  drew 
from  his  own  elegant  taste ;  his 
logic,  from  his  discriminating  and 
enlightened  judgment,  as  to  what 
is  true  in  argument ;  his  metaphy- 
sics, from  his  constant  contact 
with  the  human  mind  ;  his  ethics, 
from  God's  revelation  ;  and  all 
the  sciences  and  arts,  from  their 
original  sources.  In  literature,  the 
knowledge  of  his  vernacular,  with- 
out pretensions  to  critical  accuracy, 
supplied  him  with  an  easy,  copi- 
ous, and  beautiful  style  of  speak- 
ing, which  for  perspicuity  and 
force,  if  not  elegance  and  splen- 
dor, has  not  often  been  equalled 
by  those  who  are  classically  read. 
His  manner  was  natural  and 
affectionate.  Highly  polished  as  a 
gentleman — grave,  dignified  and 
courteous,  in  social  intercourse,  he 
was  in  the  pulpit,  lucid,  spiritual, 
and  impressive.  As  a  friend,  he 
was  gentle  as  "  the  first  mild 
beams  of  morning's  glorious  sun  ;" 
when  he  ascended  the  pulpit,  he 
blazed  as  the  noontide  rays  of  the 
same  solar  orb. 

"  The  breath  of  air  that  stirs  the  harp's  soft  string," 

is  an  emblem  of  his  spirit  in  the 
circle  of  his  friends.  On  the  walls 
of  Zion,  tliat  zephyr  "  rose  into  the 
whirlwind  and  the  storm." 

" All  attitude  and  stare, 

"  And  start  theatric,  practised  at  the  glass," 

were  his  perfect  scorn.  Possessing 
a  tall  and  manly  person ;  a  coun- 
tenance of  the  finest  mould,  iatel- 


194 


Da 


HAYNES'  BAPTIST 


Da 


lectual,  and  benevolent ;  a  voice 
in  which  was  mingled  the  sweet- 
ness of  music  and  affection ;  and 
during  many  years  past,  locks  upon 
his  brow  as  white  as  wool  ;  his 
whole  aspect  and  manner,  instant- 
ly enchained  his  hearers,  and  made 
them  feel  that  they  were  in  the 
presence  of  a  great  and  good  man. 
His  piety  was  consistent,  ardent, 
and  cheerful.  He  was  uniformly 
prayerful,  ready  to  every  good 
word  and  work,  ever  prepared  to 
yveep  with  those  who  weep,  and 
to  rejoice  with  those  who  rejoice, 
to  instruct  the  inquirer,  and  to 
point  all  to  "  the  Laurb  of  God, 
who  taketh  away  the  sin  of  the 
world." 

As  a  divine,  his  orthodoxy  was 
above  suspicion.  His  knowledge 
of  the  profound  doctrines  of  the 
Gospel,  was  extensive  and  minute, 
and  his  ability  to  make  them  un- 
derstood by  his  audience,  was  un- 
usual. These,  he  always  associa- 
ted in  the  mind  with  their  practi- 
cal bearings  and  relations  to  expe- 
rimental religion.  The  cross  of 
Christ  was  his  favorite  theme. 
Thence,  he  derived  all  his  own 
hopes,  and  to  that  he  ever  directed 
the  hopes  of  the  people,  as  the 
fountain  of  salvation,  and  the 
source  of  eternal  life. 

Such  as  a  man,  a  Christian,  and 
a  minister,  was  our  beloved  and 
lamented  Father  in  the  Gospel. 
That  he  was  free  from  imperfec- 
tions, and  even  grave  faults,  we  do 
not  pretend.  We  claim  not  for  him 
exemption  from  the  common  lot 
of  humanity.  He  would  himself 
have  shrunk  from  such  an  intima- 
tion, as  fulsome  and  revolting. 
There  are  dark  spots  in  the  sun. 
Nor  did  he  escape,  entirely,  the 
withering  breath  of  calumny  and 


detraction.  All  these,  however, 
are  now  covered  by  the  dust  of  the 
grave-yard,  which  lies  upon  his 
bosom  ;  and  never  did  it  press  a 
purer,  a  warmer,  or  a  more  gener- 
ous heart.  He  has  descended  to 
the  tomb,  without  a  spot  to  disfi- 
gure the  escutcheon  of  his  fame. 

To  his  closing  hour,  he  retain- 
ed his  accustomed  vigor  of  mind. 
Of  his  last  sermon,  the  writer  of 
this  article  was  an  auditor.  His 
subject,  was  "  The  Christian 
Brotherhood,"  with  a  valedictory 
address  to  the  people  from  the 
text,  2  Cor.  xiii.  11.  "  Finally, 
brethren,  farewell.  Be  perfect,  be 
of  good  comfort,  be  of  one  mind, 
live  in  peace,  and  the  God  of  love 
and  peace  shall  be  with  you." 
His  body  was  worn  down  and  em- 
aciated with  disease,  but  he  was 
evidently  much  interested,  and 
soon  became  warm  with  his  sub- 
ject. His  eyes  were  partially 
lighted  up  with  their  usual  fire, 
and  his  thoughts  occasionally 
arose,  and  sparkled  with  glowing 
brillancy ;  but  they  were  like  the 
distant  flickering  of  the  lightning, 
in  the  far  off  storm  cloud,  which 
had  expended  its  force,  and  nearly 
passed  away.  He  tottered  from 
the  pulpit  to  his  bed,  where  he 
lingered  until  Saturday  evening, 
the  12th  September,  1840.  He 
then  called  to  him  his  sons  resi- 
dent in  Paris,  Tenn.,  whither  his 
friends  had  conveyed  him  from 
Lebanon,  and  announced  to  them, 
that  he  was  about  to  go — that 
chilly  death  had  commenced  his 
actual  work.  He  gave  them 
calmly  all  necessary  directions, 
and  addressed  to  them,  and  the 
numerous  friends  that  crowded 
around  him,  his  final  exhortations. 
Still  he  lingered.     The  holy  Sab- 


Da 


CYCL0P2EDIA. 


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195 


bath  passed  in  devotion,  and  Mon- 
day arrived. 

" All  round  was  calm, 

While  on  the  btd  of  death  (he  pious  saint 

Was  waiting  for  Ills  passport.     Not  a  voice 

Broke  on  that  holy  stilhu-ss— not  a  groan, 

To  tell  of  nature's' sufferings,  met  the  ear. 

All — all — was  peace.     The  healing  aid 

Was  proffered  by  the  hand  of  love  ;  but  he, 

The  dying  one,  now  knew  his  hour  had  come, 

And  looked,  alone,  to  Him  In  whom  his  soul 

So  long  had  rested.     With  an  eye  of  faith 

He  saw  the  heavens  opened — waiting  spirits  stood 

To  bear  him  upwards  ;  and  he  seemed  to  hear        ( 

Some  notes  from  angels'  minstrelsy." 

He  had  given  his   all  to  God, 
and  only  whispered  andibly — these 
were  his  last  Avord.s — ''  Lord  Jesus 
receive  my  spirit,"  and  fell  asleep. 
There  lay  his  body,  but  his  soul 
had  gone,  after  a  weary  journey  of  , 
sixty-seven  years  on  eartli,  to  tune 
its  golden  harp  in  the  presence  of 
the  Saviour.     He  who  had  M'ept, 
and  prayed,   and   toiled  so  much,! 
had  ascended  to  dw-ell  with  those,  j 
who  long  before,   had  crossed  the; 
flood  of  gloomy  Jordan.     AVe  will 
not  now   ask — how  could  he  bei 
spared  ?    Who  is  to  take  his  place : 
in  the  battle  field  ?     God  is  infin- 
itely wise  and  good. 

We  will  only  add,  that  not  a 
pang  or  groan  marked  his  exit. 
"  Ravished  with  a  view  of  Hea- 
ven's glory,  he  forgot  to  live,  and 
left  on  his  pale  corpse,  now  a  fal- 
len ruin,  such  a  peaceful  smile,  as 
well  might  prove  his  victory  in 
death."  Oh,  it  is  gain  thus  to 
die !  When  rich  atoning  blood 
purifies  the  spirit,  and  faith  lays 
her  strong  hand  on  the  blessed 
Lamb,  who  bore  our  load  of  guilt 
and  wo,  then  darkness  flees  away, 
and  through  the  dreary  vale  of  the 
King  of  Terrors,  a  glory  shines 
which  tells  of  immortality.  And 
there  are  angel  bands  of  bright  at- 
tendants— angel  notes  to  greet  the 
joyful    spirit,    as    it    bursts   away 


from  its  cold  prison ;  and  beyond 
that  valley,  all  is  God  and  Hea- 
ven'.— Dr.  Hou-ell  in   Bap.  Mem. 

DELL,  William,  M.  D.,  an  Eng- 
lish Baptist,  was  educated  at  the 
University  of  Cambridge,  and  was 
a  clergyman  of  the  Church  of 
England,  ofticiating  in  the  parish 
of  Yeldon,  Bedfordshire.  Nothing 
is  known  of  his  holding  any  con- 
nexion with  the  Baptists,  until  the 
civil  wars,  w^hen  the  subject  of  re- 
forming the  church  become  agi- 
tated. To  that  question  he  brought 
all  the  energy  of  his  intellect,  and 
all  the  warmth  of  his  heart.  De- 
riving from  his  Bible  clear  views 
of  the  spirituality  of  the  present 
dispensation,  pronounced  the  sen- 
timent, that,  "  to  make  a  whole 
kingdom  a  church  was  a  mystery 
of  iniquity.'"  It  is  said  by  Dr. 
Calamey,  that  Baxter's  most  fre- 
qiient  disputes  with  Dell,  was 
about  liberty  of  conscienre,  "  that 
is,  that  the  magistrate  had  nothing 
to  do  in  matters  of  religion  by 
constraint  or  restraint,  but  every 
man  might  not  only  hold  and  be- 
lieve, but  preach  and  do  in  mat- 
ters of  religion  what  he  pleased." 
'in  that  year,  1645,  Mr.  Dell  be- 
came chaplain  in  the  army,  and 
preached  regularly  in  the  quarters 
of  Sir  Thomas  Fairfax.  He  Avas 
intimate  with  Oliver  Cromwell, 
and  the  leading  men  of  those 
times.  In  1646,  he  was  appointed 
to  preach  before  the  House  of 
Commons  on  a  public  fast-day. 
In  the  course  of  his  sermon,  he 
took  occasion  to  speak  of  the  evil 
!  of  persecution,  and  of  using  exter- 
nal force  in  promoting  religion. 
The  preacher  who  followed  him, 
animadverted  on  that  part  of  Mr. 
Dell's  discourse,  and  defended  the 
;  right  of  the  magistrate  to  interfere 


196 


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HAYNES'  BAPTIST 


De 


in  matters  of  conscience.  This 
led  to  public  discussion  by  means 
of  the  press,  and  thus  Mr.  Dell 
stood  forth  as  a  leader  of  the 
party  who  favored  religious  liberty, 
and  Mr.  Love,  his  opponent,  a 
Presbyterian,  was  at  the  head  of 
those  who  advocated  persecution. 
In  1649,  Mr.  Dell  was  appointed 
Master  of  Cains  College,  Cam- 
bridge, and  retained  his  station 
until  he  was  ejected  by  the  act  of 
uniformity."  (Hague's  Church 
Translated,  p.  163-4.)  The  Bib- 
liotheca  Britannica  represents  him 
as  master  of  Greenville  and  Cains 
College,  Cambridge,  and  gives  the 
following  list  of  his  works :  1. 
Power  from  on  High  ;  delivered 
in  two  Sermons  on  Acts  i.  8. 
Lond.  1655,  4to.  2.  Right  Re- 
formation, in  a  Sermon  before  the 
House  of  Commons,  with  a  Reply 
to  the  Contradictions  of  Mr.  Love's 
Sermons.  Lond.  1646,  4to.  3. 
Sermon  on  Heb.  ix.  10.  Lond. 
1646,  4to.  4.  The  building  of  the 
truly  Christian  Church,  represent- 
ed in  a  Exposition  on  Isaiah  iv. 
11,  17.  Lond.  1646,  4to.  5.  Uni- 
formity Examined,  whether  it  may 
be  fovind  in  the  Gospel  or  the  prac- 
tice of  the  Church  of  Christ. 
Lond.  1646,  fol.  6.  The  Way  of 
true  Peace  and  Unity  among  the 
Faithful  and  Churches  of  Christ. 
Lond.  1649,  4to.  7.  The  Crucifi- 
ed and  Quickened  Christians  ;  or  a 
Discourse  on  Gal.  ii.  19,  20.  Lond 
1652,  4to.  8.  Several  Sermons 
and  Discourses.  Lond.  1652,  4to 
9.  Tryall  of  the  Spirits,  both  in 
teachers  and  hearers.  Lond.  1653, 
4to.       10.  The    Stumbling  Stone. 

Lond.  1653,  4to.     11.   BaJrT.(7,jw»AiJax»i' ; 

or,  the  Doctrine  of  Baptism.  Lond. 
1647,  12mo.  12.  Select  Works. 
Lond.    1773,    8vo.      We    cannot 


close  this  ar-ticle  without,  once 
again,  renewing  our  expression  of 
surprise  that  the  charge  of  illiter- 
ateness  has  ever  in  any  age  been 
alleged  against  the  Baptists,  and 
at  the  same  time  we  must  confess 
our  mortification  that  any  of  our 
cherished  and  beloved  denomina- 
tion should  ever  have  tamely  ad- 
mitted its  truth. 

DEAVHERST,  Thomas,  origi- 
nally of  Backup,  in  Lancashire, 
where  he  was  a  member  of  a  Bap- 
tist Church,  under  the  care  of  Rev. 
Richard  Ashworth.  He  was  re- 
ceived a  member  of  Turner's  Hall, 
London,  August  19,  1715,  and 
after  a  further  trial  of  his  minis- 
terial gifts,  was  ordained  to  the 
pastoral  office  on  the  29th  of  the 
same  month.  Mr.  Wallin  opened 
the  work  of  the  day,  and  was  the 
movith  of  the  church  upon  the  oc- 
casion; two  members  of  the  church 
ofi'ered  public  prayer,  Mr.  Mark 
Key  gave  a  word  of  exhortation 
to  the  minister,  and  Mr.  John 
Skepp  preached  to  the  church ; 
Mr.  Dewhurst  then  closed  the 
work  of  the  day  with  prayer. 
He  continued  at  Turner's  Hall 
about  seven  years,  till  1723,  when 
he  either  died  or  removed  to  some 
other  place.  Mr.  Dewherst  was 
one  of  the  subscribing  brethren  at 
the  Salter's  Hall  Synod  in  1719. 
Wilson's  Hist.  Dissent.  Churches, 
vol.  1,  pp.  144,  145. 

DENNE,  John,  father  of  Henry 
Denne,  a  General  Baptist  minister, 
who  preached  chiefly  in  the  coun- 
ties of  Huntingdon  and  Cambridge. 
He  was  fined  for  preaching  a  ser- 
mon, entitled — Glad  Tidings  of 
Peace  —  the  printing  of  which 
was  delayed  by  persecuting  oppo- 
sition many  years,  was  published 
in  1699.     Crosby,  vol.  3,  p.  114. 


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197 


DENNE,  Henry,  a  minister 
and  author  of  eminence  among 
the  English  Baptists  of  the  seven- 
teenth century,  received  his  edu- 
cation in  the  University  of  Cam- 
bridge, and  about  the  year  1630, 
toolc  orders  in  the  church  of  Eng- 
land from  the  hands  of  the  bishop 
of  St.  David's.  The  first  living  he 
obtained  was  that  of  Pyrton,  in 
Hertfordshire,  which  he  held  about 
ten  years ;  and  being  a  more  fre- 
quent and  lively  preacher  than 
most  of  the  clergy  in  his  neighbor- 
hood, was  greatly  beloved  and  res- 
pected by  his  parishioners.  A 
visitation  being  held  at  Baldock, 
in  the  above  county,  in  the  year 
1641,  Mr.  Denne  was  the  person 
selected  to  preach  on  the  occasion. 
In  this  sermon  he  freely  exposed 
the  sin  of  persecution,  and  took 
occasion  to  lash  the  vices  of  the 
clergy  with  so  much  freedom  as 
gave  great  offence,  and  occasioned 
many  false  reports,  which  obliged 
him  to  print  it  in  his  own  defence. 
From  this  time  he  was  taken 
great  notice  of  as  a  man  of  extra- 
ordinary parts,  and  a  proper  per- 
son to  help  forward  the  designed 
reformation.  The  revolution  which 
took  place  in  the  state  afterwards, 
occasioned  a  material  alteration  in 
religious  atl'airs,  many  learned  men 
were  led  to  a  closer  study  of  the 
sacred  Scriptures,  as  well  as  a 
more  acurate  investigation  of  some 
doctrines,  then  generally  received 
as  true.  Of  this  number  was  J\Ir. 
Denne,  who  judging  that  the  bap- 
tism of  infants,  had  no  foundation 
either  in  Scripture,  or  in  the  pur- 
est ages  of  the  cliurch,  publicly 
professed  himself  a  Baptist,  and 
about  the  year  1743,  was  baptized 
by  immersion,  in  London.  He 
immediately  joined  himself  to  the 


church  in  Bell  Alley,  of  wliich 
Mr.  Lamb  w^as  pastor,  and  still 
continued  his  ministry  both  there 
and  in  diti'erent  parts  of  the  coun- 
try. This  change  in  Mr.  Denne's 
sentiments  exposed  him  to  the  re- 
sentment of  the  ruling  powers, 
who  put  frequent  obstructions  in 
the  way  of  his  preaching.  In  the 
year  1644,  he  was  apprehended  iu 
Cambridgeshire,  by  the  committee 
of  that  county,  and  sc/it  to  prison 
for  jyi'eaching  against  infant  bap- 
tism. After  he  had  been  coiifnied 
some  time,  his  case,  through  the 
intercession  of  some  friends,  was 
referred  to  a  committee  of  Parlia- 
ment; and  he  was  sent  up  to  Lon- 
don, where  he  was  kept  prisoner 
in  Lord  Peter's  house,  in  Alder- 
gate-street,  till  the  committee 
heard  his  case  and  released  him. 
At  this  time  there  was  confined  in 
the  same  prison  the  learned  Dr. 
Daniel  Featley,  famous  for  his  op- 
position to  the  Baptists.  The  Doc- 
tor having  published  a  book,  call- 
ed "  The  Dipper's  Dipt,  &:c.,"  it 
was  laid  in  the  way  of  Mr.  Denne, 
who  having  read  it,  thought  him- 
self called  upon  to  defend  his  prin- 
ciples. He  therefore  challenged 
the  Doctor  to  a  disputation,  which 
being  accepted,  Mr.  Denne  is  re- 
ported to  have  had  tlie  best  of  the 
argument,  and  the  Doctor  declined 
proceeding  further,  under  pretence 
that  it  was  dangerous  to  do  so 
without  license  from  the  govern- 
ment. Mr.  Denne  immediately 
set  about  answering  the  Doctor's 
book,  and  in  the  course  of  a  few 
weeks  produced  a  very  learned 
and  ingenious  reply.  After  his 
release,  notwithstanding  the  ob- 
noxious nature  of  his  opinions,  Mr. 
Denne  obtained,  by  some  means, 
the  parish  of  Elsly,  in  Cambridge- 


shire,  where  he  preached  publicly 
in  the  church,  and  was  much  fol- 
lowed. But  this  excited  the  jeal- 
ousy of  the  Presbyterian  party. 
Being,  upon  an  occasion,  to  preach 
a  lecture  at  St.  Ives,  the  coniniit- 
tee  of  the  county  issued  an  order 
to  prevent  him  ;  upon  which  lie 
went  into  a  neighboring  church- 
yard, and  preached  under  a  tree, 
to  a  number  of  people,  and  to  the 
great  mortification  of  his  oppo- 
nents. In  June,  1646,  he  was 
again  apprehended  by  two  justices 
of  the  peace,  at  Spalding,  in  Lin- 
colnshiri^.  and  committed  to  prison 
for  bapUzing  some  persons  in  the 
river.  Being  thus  pursued  by  the 
ruling  clergy,  Mr.  Denne  was 
obliged  to  quit  his  living ;  and 
seeing  no  prospect  of  usefulness  in 
the  church,  he  went  into  the  army. 
As  he  was  a  man  of  great  courage, 
and  zeal  for  the  liberties  of  his 
country,  he  behaved  himself  so 
well  in  the  character  of  a  soldier, 
as  to  gain  a  reputation  not  inferior 
to  many  who  had  made  it  the 
profession  of  their  lives.  At  the 
conclusion  of  the  war  he  returned 
to  his  former  course  of  preaching, 
and  took  every  opportunity  of  de- 
lending  his  principles.  In  the 
year  1658,  he  was  engaged  in  a 
dispute  concerning  baptism,  with 
Dr.  Gunning,  at  St.  Clement's 
Church,  which  lasted  two  days  ; 
and  he  is  said  to  have  offered 
strong  proofs  of  his  abilities  and 
learning,  as  a  good  scholar,  and 
complete  disputant.  In  his  judg- 
ment concerning  some  doctrines  of 
the  gospel,  he  took  the  middle 
way,  along  with  bishops  Usher, 
Davenant,  Mr.  Baxter  and  others. 
On  this  account,  some  accused 
him  of  being  a  great  Antinomian, 
and  others,  a  desperate  Arminian. 


His  death  is  supposed  to  have 
taken  place  soon  after  the  restora- 
tion of  King  Charles  the  Second. 
Mr.  Denne  published  the  following 
pieces  :  1.  The  Doctrine  and  Con- 
version of  John  the  Baptist :  a  Visi- 
tation Sermon,  1642,  8vo.  2.  The 
Foundation  Children's  Baptism  dis- 
covered and  rased  ;  an  answer  to 
Dr.  Featley  and  Mr  Marshall,  1645, 
4to.  3.  The  Man  of  Sin  discover- 
ed, whom  the  Lord  will  destroy 
with  the  Brightness  of  his  coining, 
1645,  4to.  4.  The  Drag-Net  of 
the  Kingdom  of  Heaven  ;  or 
Christ's  drawing  all  men,  1646, 
Svo  5.  The  Leveller's  Design  dis- 
covered ;  a  Sheet,  1649.  6.  A  Con- 
tention for  the  Truth  ;  in  two  pub- 
lic Disputations  at  St.  Clement's 
Church,  between  Dr.  Gunning  and 
Henry  Denne,  concerning  infant 
baptism,  1658,  4to.  See  Wilson's 
History  Dissenting  Churches,  vol.  2, 
pp.  440-443,  and  Hague's  Church 
Transplanted,  p.  160.  Watt  in 
his  Bibliotheca  Britannica  gives  a 
list  of  his  works,  as  follows  : 

1.  Grace,  Mercy,  and  Peace; 
containing  God's  reconciliation  to 
man,  and  man  reconciled  to  God. 
Lend.  12mo.  2.  The  Doctrine 
and  Conversation  of  John  the  Bap- 
tist ;  a  Sermon.  Lond.  1642, 
12mo.  3.  A  Conference  between 
a  Sick  Man  and  his  Minister. 
Lond.  1642,  12ino.  4.  Antichrist 
Unmasked,  in  two  treatises.  Lond. 
1645,  4to.  5.  The  Man  of  Sin 
discovered.  Lond.  1645,  4to.  6. 
The  Liverer's  Design  discovered. 
Lond.  1649,  4to.  7.  A  Contention 
for  Truth,  in  two  several  Disserta- 
tions, between  himself  and  Mr. 
Peter  Gunning,  concerning  the 
Baptism  of  Infants.  Lond.  1658, 
4to.  8.  The  Quaker  no  Papist. 
Lond.   1659,  4to.      9.  An    Epistle 


De 


CYCLOPAEDIA. 


De 


199 


recommended  to  all  Prisons  in  this 
City  and  Nation.  Loud.  1660, 
4to.  10.  Tlie  Foundation  of  Ciiil- 
dren's  Baptism  discovered  and 
razed ;  an  answer  to  Dis.  Featley 
and  Marshall,  1645,  4to.  11.  A 
Contention  lor  the  Truth,  in  two 
public  disputations,  at  St.  Clem- 
ent's Church,  between  Dr.  Gun- 
ning and  Henry  Denne,  concern- 
ing Infant  Baptism,  16o8,  4to. 
The  two  last  titles  are  i'roin  Bene- 
dict, p.  144,  the  preceding  eight 
from  Bib.  Brit. 

DEW,  Samuel,  a  Baptist  of  Eng- 
land. "  His  origin  seems  to  have 
been  humble,  and  he  was  bred  to 
the  trade  of  a  stone-cutter;  but 
how  long  he  followed  this  profes- 
sion we  are  not  able  to  say.  His 
mind  being  seriously  impressed, 
he  applied  in  early  life  to  the 
study  of  the  Sacred  Scriptures, 
and  having  embraced  the  princi- 
ples of  the  Baptists,  commenced 
preacher  in  that  denomination. 
After  spending  a  few  years  in  oc- 
casional labors,  he  settled  with  a 
Baptist  congregation  at  Mitchel- 
Dean,  in  Gloucestershire,  where 
he  was  very  popular,  and  not  a 
little  useful.  In  1731,  he  removed 
to  London  to  succeed  Mr.  Noble, 
at  Great  Eastcheap.  Here  his 
popularity  abated,  nor  did  his 
labors  meet  with  that  success 
with  which  they  had  formerly 
been  attended.  In  consequence, 
his  congregation  greatly  declined, 
and,  at  length,  upon  the  expiration 
of  their  lease  about  1760,  dissolved 
their  church  state.  After  this, 
Mr.  Dew  did  not  assume  any  min- 
isterial charge,  but  preached  occa- 
sionally lor  his  brethren,  and  com- 
municated with  the  church  at 
Horsleydown.  under  the  pastoral 
care  of  Dr.  Gill.     Mr.  Dew  was  a 


man  of  respectable  character,  and 
esteemed  a  good  preacher  by  the 
admirers  of  Calvinism.  But  the 
manner  in  which  he  explained 
some  doctrines  was  considered  by 
some  persons  as  having  an  Anti- 
nomian  tendency.  Nothing,  how- 
ever, could  be  farther  from  his  de- 
sign. His  only  publication  that 
we  have  met  with,  is  a  funeral 
sermon  of  Mrs.  Mary  Be  vols, 
preached  at  Mr.  Gill's  meeting- 
house, 1st  April,  1735,  on  Job  xix. 
25.  Mr.  Dew  survived  the  disso- 
lution of  his  church  only  a  few 
years."  Wilson,  as  quoted  in  pre- 
vious article,  vol.  1,  pp.  460,  461. 

DE  AUCHY,  Jacquks,  a  Bap- 
tist merchant  who  suffered  mar- 
tyrdom at  Leewarden,  the  capi- 
tol  of  Frjezland,  in  1559.  This 
good  man,  in  the  prosecuti m  of 
mercantile  operations  visited  Lord 
\  an  der  Baal,  an  alderinaii  of 
Harlengen,  and  in  conversation 
urged  incidentally  something 
against  the  Roman  Catholic 
Church.  On  the  information  and 
at  the  instance  of  this  alderman, 
his  professed  friend,  he  was  seized, 
imprisoned,  his  estate  confiscated, 
his  family  reduced  to  poverty  and 
beggary,  and  he,  alter  an  examina- 
tion before  the  Inquisition,  was 
martyred  the  next  year  alter  the 
death  of  Bloody  Mary  of  England 
died.  "  Confession  of  .laques 
D'Auchy,  made  before  the  Com- 
missary and  the  Inquisitor,"  13tli 
January,  a.  d.  1558.  This  was 
first  written  in  French  and  after- 
wards translated  into  Dutch,  Ger- 
man, and  English.  It  may  be 
found  in  the  Martyr's  Mirror,  pp. 
517-532,  and  extract  of  it  in  Be- 
nedict, pp.  94-98.  He  was  a 
learned  advocate  of  Bible  and  Bap- 
tist truth. 


200 


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HAYNES'  BAPTIST 


De 


DENISON,  John,  an  English 
divine,  died  at  Reading,  1628-9. 
Published  among  his  works  one 
entitled — On  the  two  Sacraments, 
Baptism  and  the  Lord's  Supper. 
Lond.  1621,  4to. 

DEAN,  Mrs.,  wife  of  the  Rev. 
William  Dean.  Mrs.  Dean  was 
horn  on  the  29th  of  March,  1819, 
at  Thetford,  England.  She  was 
the  da,ughter  of  E.  H.  Barker,  Esq., 
a  distinguished  scholar,  and  the 
editor  and  author  of  several  liter- 
ary works.  Discovering  in  early 
lile  a  love  for  books  and  a  capacity 
for  acquiring  knowledge,  the  pa- 
rents of  Miss  Barker  afforded  her 
every  desirable  opportunity  for 
study,  which  she  successfully  im- 
proved. 

Having  prosecuted  her  studies, 
including  several  European  lan- 
guages, with  great  Aagor  and  suc- 
cess, she  commenced  the  study  of 
the  CHiinese  language  at  the  age 
of  seventeen,  and  the  following 
year  sailed  for  China,  under  the 
patronage  of  the  "  Society  for  the 
Promotion  of  Female  edi;cation  in 
the  East." 

In  March,  1838,  she  was  mar- 
ried at  Macao  to  the  Rev.  William 
Dean,  with  whom  she  proceeded 
to  Bangkok,  Siam,  where  she  soon 
commenced  a  Chinese  school,  in 
the  instruction  of  which  she  dili- 
gently and  successfully  labored 
for  five  years.  By  the  combined 
influence  of  teaching  and  study, 
she  had  so  far  acquired  the 
Chinese  language  as  to  speak  and 
read  it  with  readiness,  and  has 
left  some  proofs  of  her  capacity  at 
composition  in  that  difficult  tongue. 
Indeed,  taking  her  acquirements 
as  a  whole,  she  probably  knew 
more  of  the  Chinese  language 
than  any  foreign  lady  living. 


Her  piety,  which  discovered 
itself  in  childhood,  was  of  an  un- 
ostentatious but  efficient  character. 
Like  an  under  current,  though 
unseen,  it  evidently  gave  direction 
to  the  conduct  of  her  life.  She 
needed  only  to  be  convinced  that 
any  given  course  was  agreeable  to 
her  Divine  Master,  and  she  ad- 
hered to  it  with  scrupulous  tena- 
city, and  pursued  her  way  with 
untiring  perseverance.  In  her 
choice  of  friends,  and  selection  of 
books,  she  discovered  a  strong  par- 
tiality to  what  was  decidedly  spiri- 
tual, and  those  who  knew  her 
best  can  testify  to  her  love  for 
retirement  and  communion  with 
God.  This  she  exemplified  to  be 
compatible  with  a  cheerful  and 
animated  deportment  in  the  do- 
mestic and  social  circle.  She  ap- 
peared most  happy  when  most 
usefully  employed,  and  benevolent 
eflort  appeared  ever  to  administer 
to  the  health  of  body  and  mind ; 
while  she  exhibited  a  practical  ex- 
emplification of  the  saying,  "  dili- 
gent in  business,  fervent  in  spirit, 
serving  the  Lord." 

The  health  of  her  husband  fail- 
ing at  Bangkok,  she  sailed  with 
him  for  China  in  1841,  where  they 
arrived  in  May,  1842,  at  Macao — 
at  which  place  was  born  the  little 
daughter  now  left  motherless  at 
the  age  of  ten  months.  In  the 
latter  end  of  October,  of  1842,  she 
took  up  her  residence  at  Hong- 
kong, where,  up  to  the  last  week 
of  her  life,  she  occupied  a  portion 
of  her  time  in  her  favorite  employ- 
ments of  teaching  and  studying 
the  Chinese  language.  She  look- 
ed forward  with  delight  to  the 
time  when  she  hoped  to  be  per- 
manently located  with  her  hus- 
band     at    a    station    northward, 


De 


CYCLOPEDIA. 


De 


201 


where  she  could  be  more  entirely 
devoted  to  direct  missionary  works. 
But  God  sees  not  as  man  sees. 
On  Tuesday  morning,  March  21st, 
she  arose  apparently  in  her  usual 
health,  and  took  her  accustomed 
walk  belbre  breakfast.  During 
the  forenoon  of  the  day,  she  merely 
mentioned  that  she  felt  uncomfort- 
ably ;  but,  in  course  of  the  atter- 
noon,  her  husband  found  her  so 
much  indisposed  as  to  warrant  his 
calling  her  a  physician.  During 
the  night  her  lever  was  verj-  high, 
and  her  disease  continued  its  vio- 
lence until  Friday,  when  it  assum- 
ed alarming  features,  and  baffled 
the  etlbrts  of  the  most  skilful  me- 
dical treatment.  There  were  now 
manifest  indications  that  the  dis- 
ease had  deranged  the  mental 
functions,  which  materially  inter- 
fered with  eliciting  those  marked 
expressions  of  faith  and  hope 
sometimes  uttered  by  dying  Chris- 
tians in  the  immediate  prospect  of 
dissolution.  And  yet  conscious- 
ness lingered  sufficiently  for  her 
to  listen  with  marked  attention  to 
prayer  and  religious  conversation  ; 
and  we  know  that  having  made 
her  peace  with  God  while  in  youth 
and  health,  she  was  ready  for  the 
solemn  summons.  Her  disease 
now  raged  with  unabated  violence, 
rendering  abortive  the  assiduous 
attentions  and  skilful  treatment 
of  her  physicians  :  and  throughout 
Saturday,  Sunday,  and  jNIonday, 
she  lay  balancing,  as  it  were,  be- 
tween life  and  death,  lingering 
upon  the  confines  of  time  and 
eternity  until  half-past  four  o'clock 
on  Wednesday  morning,  March 
29th,  when  the  silver  cord  was 
loosed,  the  golden  bowl  broken, 
and  her  spirit  took  its  upward 
flight  to  that  world — where  death 


is  swallowed  up  in  victory,  and 
all  tears  are  wiped  away. 

Thus,  on  the  :J4th  anniversary 
of  her  birth-day,  the  subject  of 
this  notice  left  her  surviving  hus- 
band and  infant  daughter  to  feel 
the  loss  of  an  affectionate  wife 
and  a  devoted  mother — a  circle  of 
Christian  friends  to  mourn  the 
removal  of  an  agreeable  associate 
and  valued  helper  in  their  mis- 
sionary work,  while  she  has  enter- 
ed upon  a  higher  service  above, 
and  commenced  a  life  of  immor- 
tality and  unmingled  enjoyment. 
By  her  life  she  has  furnished  a 
practical  exposition  of  the  meek- 
ness, the  chastened  cheeriulness, 
the  patient  perseverance  and  pious 
devotion  of  the  Christian  ;  and  by 
her  sudden  death,  she  has  admon- 
ished us  to  live  habitually  in  read- 
iness to  leave  this  world  and  meet 
our  Judge.  She  has  left  us  the 
best  of  testimony  in  favor  of  early 
piety,  a  life  of  faith  and  prayer, 
and  of  the  importance  of  the  mis- 
sionary enterprise. 

In  this  cause  she  cheerfully  de- 
voted her  all,  and  in  the  prosecu- 
tion of  her  work  she  peacefully 
resigned  her  life.  Though  cradled 
in  affluence,  and  nurtured  under 
the  influence  of  kindred  friendship 
and  rehned  society,  influenced  by 
an  enlightened  and  consistent 
piety,  she  broke  away  from  the 
embrace  of  affectionate  parents,  a 
beloved  sister  and  endeared  asso- 
ciates, and  dared  the  perils  of  the 
sea  and  the  unseen  dangers  of  a 
foreign  land,  the  scoffs  of  the  infi- 
del and  the  superstition  of  the 
heathen,  for  the  sake  of  promoting 
the  welfare  of  her  race,  and  the 
glory  of  her  Saviour.  She  now 
"  rests  from  her  labors,  and  her 
works  follow  her."     One  Chinese, 


202 


De 


HAYNES'  BAPTIST 


De 


who  had  been  her  personal  ser- 
vant up  to  the  time  of  her  death, 
followed  her  to  the  grave  with 
marks  of  mourning,  who  by  his 
prayer  and  life  affords  encouraging 
evidence  that  he  is  preparing  to 
follow  his  departed  mistress.  Dur- 
ing her  labors  among  the  heathen, 
it  was  her  privilege  to  see  several 
Chinese  put  on  Christ ;  and  how 
far  their  conversion  may  be  attri- 
butable to  her  influence,  will  be 
best  known  in  a  future  world.  Few 
persons  have,  during  the  same 
number  of  years,  enjoyed  better 
opportunities  for  a  free  and  friendly 
intercourse  with  the  Chinese,  and 
perhaps  none  liave  improved  them 
more  assiduously,  or  produced  a 
more  salutary  impression. 

The  following  extracts  made  by 
her  from  favorite  authors,  may  in- 
troduce us  to  the  principles  by 
which  she  was  governed,  and  the 
spirit  she  labored  to  cultivate. 

"  Resolved,  To  spend  a  portion 
of  time,  thrice  a  day,  for  medita- 
tion, prayer,  and  reading  the  scrip- 
tures,— and  to  spend  sometime  on 
Saturday  night  in  religious  exer- 
cises for  myself  and  relations  and 
friends. 

"  To  receive  reproof  or  remarks 
on  my  conduct  and  pertbrniances 
with  meekness,  even  though  harsh 
and  unreasonable. 

"  To  endeavor,  in  giving  reproof, 
not  to  offend,  but  to  profit. 

"  Never  to  enter  into  any  dis- 
pute or  into  conversation  about 
the  character  of  any  absent  person, 
unless  to  answer  some  good  end. 

"  When  in  company,  consider 
that  perhaps  some  present  may  be 
lying  under  the  wrath  of  God  ; 
should  I  not  do  something  for 
such  ?  Some  who  are  sitting 
around  me  may  be  near  eternity. 


"  Consider  what  views  I  once 
had  of  those  missionaries  who  did 
not  converse  profitably. 

"  What  if  this  be  the  last  oppor- 
tunity I  shall  ever  have  of  doing 
good  ?  Am  I  improving  it  ?  If 
the  hour  of  my  death  should  now 
come,  am  I  suitably  employed  ? 

"  In  writing  to  my  friends,  in- 
quire :  1st.  Do  I  keep  fully  Avithin 
actual  facts  or  strong  probabilities? 
2d.  Do  I  so  write  as  will  be  apt 
to  lead  the  public  to  expect  more 
than  can  be  realized  ?  3d.  Do  I 
write,  in  regard  to  style,  terms 
and  address,  becoming  my  age, 
talents,  &c.  ?  4th.  Do  I  write 
anything,  which  if  made  public 
would  cause  future  self-reproach, 
or  become  an  obstacle  to  my  use- 
fulness ? 

'•  The  trne  missionary  goes  to 
his  work  with  simple  and  sublime 
faith,  high  elevation  of  aim  and 
desire,  a  spirit  of  entire  consecra- 
tion to  his  work,  not  counting  his 
life  dear  unto  himself  As  he  ad- 
vances in  this  work,  he  indeed 
finds  it  a  career  of  labor  and  tribu- 
lations, but  this  only  seems  to  give 
to  his  motives  and  aims  a  superior 
puritij  and  hcavenliness." 

The  last  extract  is  underscored, 
and  seems  to  have  been  her  daily 
watchword.  In  another  manu- 
script are  found  the  following  : 

"  O.  may  I  never  be  tempted  to 
delay  repentance  to  my  dying  day, 
but  remember  that  the  Lord  has 
said,  '  they  that  seek  me  early 
sha/I  find  me.'  " 

"  May  I  remember,  that  if  I 
would  die  the  death  of  the  right- 
eous, I  must  also  live  the  life  of 
the  righteous.  There  is  nothing 
in  life  of  which  I  can  be  certain 
but  death,  and  I  know  not  when 
it  may  come — how  necessary  it  is 


De 


CYCLOPEDIA. 


De 


203 


that  I  should  make  my  whole  life 
a  course  of  preparation  for  death." 

The?;e  expressions  appear  strik- 
ingly prophetic,  and  find  tlieir  ful- 
filment in  the  pious  character  and 
unexpected  termination  of  her  own 
life.  She  has  fought  a  good  light 
and  finished  her  course,  and  has 
gone  to  receive  the  reward  of  the 
faithful.  May  we  follow  her  ex- 
ample as  she  followed  Christ,  and 
be  prepared  to  pass  in  peace 
through  the  dark  waters  of  death 
to  the  bright  glories  of  the  heaven- 
ly world. —  Chinese  Repository. 

DE  VEIL,  Carolus  Maria, 
D.  D.,  was  born  at  Metz,  in 
Lorrain,  of  Jewish  parents,  and 
educated  in  that  religion,  but  by 
perusing  the  prophetical  part  of 
the  Old  Testament,  and  comparing 
it  with  the  New,  he  was  led  while 
very  young  to  embrace  Christiani- 
ty. This  so  enraged  his  father, 
that  with  a  drawn  sword,  he  at- 
tempted to  kill  him  ;  but  was  pre- 
vented by  some  persons  present. 
His  great  abilities  soon  advanced 
him  to  considerable  preferment  in 
the  Galilean  Church.  He  became 
a  canon-regular  of  St.  Augustin, 
prior  of  St.  Ambrose,  at  Melun, 
and  professor  of  divinity  at  the 
University  of  Anjou,  where  he 
proceeded  doctor  of  divinity.  In 
the  year  1672,  he  published  a  com- 
mentary on  the  gospels  of  Mark 
and  Luke,  in  which,  besides  a 
liberal  exposition  of  the  text,  he 
took  opportunity  to  defend  the 
errors  and  superstitions  of  the 
Church  of  Rome.  This  so  advan- 
ced his  reputation,  that  he  was 
appointed  to  assist  in  writing 
against  the  Huguonots,  the  then 
main  adversaries  of  the  Roman 
Catholics  in  France.  This  em- 
ployment led  him  to  examine  the 


controversies  between  the  Papists 
and  the  Protestants,  to  whose 
principles  he  had  been  hitherto  a 
stranger ;  and  finding  the  truth 
on  their  side,  he  freely  followed 
the  dictates  of  his  mind.  How- 
ever, to  prevent  the  consequences 
that  were  likely  to  attend  a  change 
of  his  principles,  he  fled  to  Hol- 
land, where  he  abjured  Popery,  in 
1677,  and  soon  after  came  over  to 
England.  Here  he  soon  became 
acquainted  with  bishops  Stilling- 
fleet,  Compton,  and  Lloyd,  and 
Doctors  Tillotson,  Sharp,  and  Pat- 
rick, and  other  clergymen.  He 
was  soon  admitted  to  orders  in  the 
Church,  and  became  chaplain  and 
tutor  in  a  family  of  distinction. 
In  167S,  he  revised  his  commen- 
tary on  Matthew  and  Mark  ;  and 
in  the  following  year,  published  a 
literal  explication  of  Solomon's 
Song,  which  he  dedicated  to  Sir 
Joseph  Williamson,  President  of 
the  Royal  Society.  This  work 
was  so  well  received  by  the  clergy, 
both  at  home  and  abroad,  that 
they  encouraged  him  to  proceed 
in  expounding  the  other  parts  of 
the  sacred  writings.  Lipon  this, 
he  published,  in  1680,  his  literal 
exposition  of  the  Minor  Prophets, 
which  he  dedicated  to  Lord  Chan- 
cellor Finch.  These  publications 
strongly  recommended  him  to  Dr. 
Compton,  bishop  of  London,  who 
gave  him  all  possible  encourage- 
ment, and  granted  him  free  admit- 
tance at  all  times  into  his  library. 
There  he  met  with  some  writings 
of  English  Baptists  ;  and  the  argu- 
ments they  used  appearing  to  him 
to  be  founded  on  the  word  of  God, 
he  without  hesitation  embraced 
their  opinions.  After  this  he  ob- 
tained an  interview  with  the  fa- 
mous Hanserd   Knollys,    and  be- 


204 


De 


HAYNES'  BAPTIST 


De 


came  intimately  acquainted  with 
Rev.  John  Gosnold,  with  whose 
learning  and  conversation  he  was 
so  much  taken,  that  he  soon  be- 
came a  inember  of  his  congrega- 
tion.    Such  a  proselyte  as  Doctor 


education  in  his  own  country,  un- 
der the  patronage  of  the  gentleman 
who  ov.'ned  the  estate  on  which 
his  parents  lived.  He  was  con- 
verted when  a  young  man,  and 
afterwards    became    teacher    of  a 


De  Veil  brought  no  small  honor  to  i  grammar  school  in  London,  and 
the  Baptists.  But  he  lost  all  his  i  the  minister  of  a  Baptist  Church, 
old  I'riends,  as  well  as  his  employ-  [  Dr.  Calamy,  one  of  the  chaplains 
meuts,  with  the  exception  of  Dr.  I  to  Charles  II.,  having  invited  the 


Tillotson,  who  valued  men  for 
their  merits,  not  their  opinions. 
Not  long  after  this  change  in  his 
sentiments,  he  wrote  his  Literal 
Explanation  of  the  Acts  of  the 
Apostles.     It  was  printed  at  Lon- 


the  Latin,  into  the  English   lan- 
guage.   In  this  piece  he  vindicates 


Nonconformists  to  bring  forth  their 
strong  reasons,  that  they  might  be 
fairly  discussed,  Mr.  De  Laune, 
published  his  immortal  "  Plea," 
the  best  work  in  defence  of  Non- 
conformity that  was  ever  written, 
don  in  1684,  and  the  following!  It  passed  through  twenty  editions, 
year  translated  by  the  author  from !  and  Defoe,  who  wrote  a  preface  to 

'       ' the    eighth   edition,    says:    "The 

work  is  perfect  of  itself;  never  an 
author  left  behind  him  a  more  fin- 


the  principles  and  practices  of  the 
Baptists,  with  much  learning  and 
good  judgment.  After  this.  Dr. 
De  Veil  practised  physic  for  his 
maintenance,  and  he  received  an 
annual  stipend  from  the  Baptists 
till  his  death.  As  he  was  not  a 
perfect  master  of  English  language, 
he  never  succeeded  as  a  preacher. 
He  was  however  a  grave  and  judi- 
cious divine,  a  skilful  grammarian. 
He  had  a 


ished  piece  ;  and  I  believe  the  dis- 
pute is  entirely  ended.  If  any 
man  ask  what  we  can  say  why 
the  Dissenters  differ  from  the 
Church  of  England,  and  what 
they  can  plead  for  it,  I  can  recom- 
mend no  better  reply  than  this  ; 
let  them  answer  in  short  Thomas 
De  Laune,  and  desire  the  querist 
to  read  the  book."  Great  as  were 
and  a  pious  good  man.  He  had  a  the  merits  of  his  work,  it  was  the 
brother,  Lewis  De  Compeigne  De ,  occasion  of  his  being  cast  into 
Veil,  who  also  embraced  the  Pro- j  Newgate  prison,  where  he  lan- 
testant  religion.  He  was  a  learned  i  guished  and  died.  As  Defoe  ob- 
man,  and  before  he  came  to  Eng-j  serves,  "few  clearer  heads,  greater 
land,  interpreter    of   the   Oriental  I  scholars   or   masters  of   argument 


languages  to  the  King  of  France." 
Birch's  Life  of  Tillotson,  pp.  75, 
76,  77.  Crosby,  vol.  iv.,  pp.  252, 
259.  VV'ilsou's  Hist.  Dissenting 
Churches,  vol.  1,  pp.  205,  207. 
Hague's  Church  Transplanted,  pp. 
161,  163 


ever  graced  the  English  nation. 
Hague's  Church  Transplanted,  p. 
169. 

He  was  the  author  of  the  follow- 
ing works  : — 1.  Truth  Defended  ; 
or,  A  Triple  Answer  to  Mr.  Baxter's 
Review,  Mr.  Wills'  Censure,  and 


DE  LATTNE,  Thomas,  a  Baptist  i  Mr.  Whiston's  Postscript.  Lond. 
minister  and  author,  "was  a  na-  1667,  8vo.  2.  Survey  and  Confu- 
tive  of  Irelaiul,  the  son  of  Roman  tation  of  Joseph  Whiston's  Book 
Catholic  parents.    He  received  his  of  Baptism,    1676,    Bvo.     3.   The 


De 


CYCLOP.EUIA. 


Di 


205 


Present  State  of  London.  Lond. 
1681,  8yo.  4.  A  Key  to  open 
Scripture  Metaphors  ;  in  4  Books, 
the  three  hist  by  Benjamin  Keach. 
Lond.  1682,  2  vols.  iol.  5.  A  Nar- 
rative of  his  Suflerings.  Lond. 
1683,  1684,  4to.  6.  A  Plea  for 
the  Nonconiformists  ;  to  wliich  is 
added,  a  Parallel  Scheme  of  the 
Pagan,  Papal,  and  Christian  Cere- 
monies, with  a  Narration  of  the 
Trial  and  Sufferings  of  the  Author. 
Lond.  1084,  1704,  4to.  Lond. 
1712,  8vo.  Sermon  on  Several 
Occasions.  Lond.  1728,  8vo.  Bib. 
Britannica. 

DEXTER,  Gregory,  a  Baptist 
minister  of  America.  '•  He  had 
been  a  stationer  in  London,  Eng- 
land, and  had  officiated  as  a 
preacher  among  the  Baptists  of  that 
city.  Having  incurred  the  dis- 
pleasure of  the  government  by  too 
free  a  use  of  his  press,  he  fled  to 
America,  and  in  1644,  arrived  at 
Providence.  He  was  a  correspon- 
dent of  Roger  Williams  before  he 
left  England,  and  printed  his  Key 
to  the  Indian  Language,  at  Lon- 
don, in  1643.  It  is  probable  that 
he  and  Mr.  Green,  of  Boston,  were 
the  only  two  in  New  England 
who  understood  well  the  art  of 
printing  at  that  time  ;  at  any  rate, 
it  is  certain  that  Mr.  Dexter  used 
to  go  regularly  to  Boston,  from 
year  to  year,  to  aid  the  latter  in 
the  publication  of  his  almanac.  It 
is  said  of  him  that  he  was  remark- 
able for  a  grave  and  earnest  man- 
ner, which  never  forsook  him,  and 
was  always  intent  on  the  work  of 
the  ministry.  When  Mr.  Vaughan 
visited  Providence  in  1652,  in  or- 
der to  procure  the  aid  of  Mr. 
Wickenden  in  forming  a  church 
which  should  observe  the  laying  on 
of  hands  as  a  divine  ordinance,  Mr. 


Dexter  accompanied  them  to  New- 
port, and  seems  to  have  taken  part 
in  that  service,  from  wliich  we 
may  infer  that  he  had  united  with 
those  who  had  formed  a  separate 
church  there,  under  the  care  of 
Mr.  Wickenden.  Al\er  a  while 
the  latter  removed  his  residence  a 
short  distance  from  the  town,  to 
the  place  now  called  Olneyville, 
and  then  the  whole  care  of  his 
ministry  devolved  on  Mr.  Dexter, 
who  lived  to  the  advanced  age  of 
90  years."  Hague's  Church  Trans- 
planted, pp.  97,  98.  This  Dexter 
may  have  been  a  descendant  and 
successor  to  Robert  Dexter,  the 
famous  English  Printer,  Stationer, 
and  Bookseller,  who  flourished 
from  1591  to  after  1600.  See 
Bib.  Brit,  under  his  name. 

DICKINSON,  Crispin.  For  a 
memoir  of  this  Baptist  minister, 
see  Taylor's  Lives,  Va.  Baptist  Mi- 
nisters, p.  489,  et  seq. 

DICKINSON,  JoNATH.<uv,  a  Pres- 
byterian, First  President  of  Prince- 
ton College,  N.  J.,  author  of — 1. 
Baptismal  Regeneration,  against 
Dr.  Waterland,  1742.  2.  Reflec- 
tions on  Mr.  Wetmore's  defence  of 
Dr.  Waterland,  1745.  3.  A  pam- 
phlet in  favor  of  Infant  Baptism, 
1746.     Ben.  p.  277. 

DRINK  WATER.  Richard,  an 
English  Baptist  minister,  born  at 
Milton  Abbey,  Dorset  county, 
1646,  baptized  1667,  ordained  pas- 
tor of  the  Baptist  Church  at  Ports- 
mouth, 1669,  he  suffered  fines  and 
imprisonments,  once  was  in  jail 
eighteen  months  for  conscience 
sake.  His  ministry  was  success- 
ful many  years,  and  to  the  last  he 
maintained  his  integrity  of  charac- 
ter, and  exhibited  prudence  and 
piety  under  all  circumstances. 
Crosby,  vol.  3,  p.  137. 


206 


Do 


HAYNES'  BAPTIST 


Do 


DICKENS,  L,  a  writer  against 
the  Anabaptists,  about  tlie  close 
of  the  eighteenth  century,  men- 
tioned by  Benedict,  p.  926,  on  the 
authority  of  Dr.  Sears. 

DIPPING.  See  Articles  in  this 
volume,  Barber  Edward,  Cooke 
William.  Guidot  Thomas,  and 
Anabaptist,  Anabaptism,  Catabap- 
tist.  Baptist,  Baptism,  Psedobap- 
tism,  and    references  under  them. 

DORE,  James,  an  English  Bap- 
tist minister  and  author.  He  stu- 
died under  the  patronage  of  the 
Bristol  Education  Society,  and 
was  sent  into  the  ministry  by 
the  Baptist  Church  at  Cirencester, 
of  which  his  brother  was  pastor. 
He  received  his  first  invitation  to 
preach  at  Maze  Pond,  in  Decem- 
ber, 1782,  and  in  the  November  of 
the  following  year,  was  elected  to 
the  pastoral  office  by  the  general 
sufirage  of  the  church.  His  pub- 
lic ordination  took  place  2.5th 
March,  1784 ;  Mr.  Robinson,  of 
Cambridge,  delivered  the  intro- 
ductory discourse;  his  brother, 
Mr.  William  Dore,  delivered  the 
charge;  and  Mr.  W.  Clarke, 
preached  to  the  people.  Wilson's 
Hist.  Diss.  Churches,  vol.  4.  p.  294. 
Among  his  published  works,  we 
have  the  titles  of   the   following  : 

1.  Letters  on  Faith,    Lond.  1786. 

2.  Sermons  on  the  African  Slave 
Trade,  Lond.  1788,  8 vo.  3.  Sermon 
on  the  death  of  Mr.  John  Flight, 
1791,  8vo.  4.  The  principles  of 
Anti-Pfcdobaptism,  (i.  e.  Baptism,) 
and  the  practice  of  Female  Com- 
munion completely  consistent ;  in 
answer  to  the  objections  of  Mr. 
Peter  Edwards,  Lond.  1795,  12mo. 

5.  An  Essay  on  the  resurrection 
of  Christ,  in  which  proofs  of  the 
fact      are      added,     1797,     12mo. 

6.  Christ     crucified,    the      grand 


theme  of  Paul's  ministry,  illus- 
trated in  a  Sermon,  1804,  4to.  6. 
Religious  Experience  essential  to 
a  christian  minister;    a    Sermon, 

1804,  4to.  7.  The  Holy  Spirit, 
the    Spirit  of    Truth ;    a   Sermon, 

1805,  8vo.  8.  Three  Sermons, 
1805,  8vo.  9.  A  sermon  occa- 
sioned by  the  death  of  Rev.  Abra- 
ham Booth,  1806,  8vo.  Biblio- 
theca  Brit.  This  may  be  the  same 
James  Dore  noticed  by  Benedict, 
p.  190,  as  follows.  10.  Sermons 
on  Baptism  ;  with  a  preface  and 
notes,  by  William  Newman,  D. 
D.,  1824,  8vo.  pp.   108. 

DORESTAAR.  See  Bayle's 
Crit.  Die.  vol.  1.  p.  289,  note  H. 
Art.  Anabaptists,  and  Bayle  Peter, 
in  this  vol. 

DODDRIDGE,  Philip,  D.  D., 
born  in  London,  1702,  died  in  Lis- 
bon, 1751,  was  minister  at  North- 
ampton, and  is  well  known  as  au- 
thor of  several  Theological  works, 
the  most  considerable  of  which 
was  entitled — The  Family  Expo- 
sitor, or,  a  Paraphrase  and  Ver- 
sion of  the  New  Testament,  with 
critical  Notes  and  practical  Im- 
provements. Lond.  1760-2,  6  vols. 
4to.  This  work  has  been  often 
re-printed,  and  published  also  ab- 
ridged. The  testimony  of  this 
learned  and  pious  Paedobaptist  will 
now  be  most  copiously  introduced. 
He  says  : — 

"  I  have,  indeed,  a  most  dread- 
ful baptism  to  be  baptized  with, 
and  know  that  I  shall  shortly  be 
bathed,  as  it  were,  in  blood,  and 
plunged  into  the  most  overwhelm- 
ing distress."  Paraphrase  on  Luke 
xii.  50. 

2.  "  And  after  Jesus  was  bap- 
tized, as  soon  as  he  ascended  out 
of  the  water,  to  the  bank  of  Jor- 
dan.    And  John  was  also  at  that 


Do 


CYCLOPEDIA. 


Do 


207 


time  baptizing  at  Enon,  which 
was  a  place  near  iSalini.  a  town 
on  the  east  side  of"  Jordan  ;  and  he 
particnlarly  chose  tliat  place  be- 
cause tliere  was  a  great  quantity 
of  water  there,  which  made  it 
very  convenient  for  his  purpose. 
Nothinsr,  surely,  can  be  more  evi- 
dent, than  that  noua  'i/J^-s,  mam/ 
waters,  signifies  a  large  qt/aiititi/ 
of  irater,  it  being  sometimes  used 
for  the  Euphrates.  Jer.  i.  13, 
Septuagint.  To  which  I  suppose 
there  may  be  an  allusion.  Rev. 
xvii.  1.  Compare  Ezekiel  xliii. 
2,  and  llev.  i.  15.,  xiv.  2.,  xix.  6., 
where  the  voice  of  many  loaters 
does  plainly  signify  the  roaring  of 
a  high  sea.  Considering  how  fre- 
quently bathing  was  used  in  those 
hot  countries,  it  is  not  to  be  won- 
dered that  baptism  was  generally 
administcredhy  immersion;  though 
I  see  no  prool'that  it  was  essential 
to  the  institution.  It  would  be 
very  unnatural  to  suppose  that 
they  (Philip  and  the  Eunuch) 
ivent  down  to  the  water,  merely 
that  Philip  might  take  up  a  little 
water  in  his  hand  to  pour  on  the 
Eunuch.  A  person  of  his  dignity 
had,  no  doubt,  many  vessels  in  his 
baggage,  on  such  a  journey, 
through  so  desert  a  country  ;  a 
precaution  absolutely  necessary 
for  travellers  in  those  parts,  and 
never  omitted  by  them.  See  Dr. 
Shaw's  Travels,  pref  p.  4.  Buri- 
ed with  him  in  Baptism.  It 
seems  the  part  of  candor  to  con- 
fess, that  here  (Rom.  xi.  4,)  is  an 
allusion  to  the  manner  of  baptiz- 
ing by  immersion,  as  most  usual 
in  those  early  times  :  but  that  will 
not  prove  this  particular  circum- 
stance essential  to  the  ordinance." 
Fam.  Expos,  on  Matt.  iii.  16, 
John  iii.  23,  Acts  viii.38,  Rom.vi.  4. 


'  3.  "  I  render  the  word  na^crev. 
^lii-c,  proselyte,  that  it  may  be 
duly  distinguished  from  J'iJ'.»c-M.T(ir, 
tcarhing,  (in  the  next  verse)  with 
which  our  version  confounds  it. 
The  former  seems  to  import  in- 
struction in  the  essentials  of  reli- 
gion, which  it  was  necessary 
adults  should  know  and  submit 
to,  before  they  could  regularly  be 
admitted  to  baptism ;  the  latter 
may  relate  to  those  more  parti- 
cular admonitions  in  regard  to 
Christian  faith  and  practice,  which 
were  to  be  built  on  that  founda- 
tion."    Note   on  Matt,  xxviii.  19. 

4.  On  Matt.  xix.  4,  he  says  :  "  I 
acknowledge  these  words  of  them- 
selves will  not  prove  infant  bap- 
tism to  be  an  institution  of  Christ ; 
but  if  that  appears  from  other 
Scriptures  to  be  the  case  (whicii 
I  think  most  probable)  there  will 
be  proportionable  reason  to  believe, 
that  our  Lord  might  here  intend 
some  reference  to  it."' 

5.  Although  Dr.  Doddridge 
might  be  quoted  on  Acts  ii.  39,  1 
Cor.  vii.  14,  Acts  xxviii.  23,  and 
other  passages,  it  is  waived. 

DORSET,  John-,  an  English 
Baptist  of  London,  who  in  1762, 
endowed  the  Particular  Baptist 
Church  in  Petticoat  Lane.  Fie 
was  a  tallow-chandler  in  Brick 
Lane,  and  bequeathed  900/.  to  be 
equally  divided  amongst  nine  non- 
conformist churches.  Wilson,  ut 
supra,  pp.  425,  426. 

DOBSON,  Alexaxder,  a  Bap- 
tist minister  of  London,  who  set- 
tled as  pastor  of  Park-meeting  Ge- 
neral Baptist  Church,  Duke-street, 
London,  in  1757,  and  preaclied 
about  ten  years,  till  his  death, 
which  happened  in  1767.  Wilson's 
Hist.  Dissent.  Churches,  vol.  4,  p. 
184. 


DOLMAN,  John,  an  Indepen- 
dent, a  Baptist,  and  a  Churchman. 
He  had  been  bred  to  the  trade  of 
a  basket-maker,  but  commencing 
preacher,  became  pastor  ol"  a  con- 
gregation in  Bristol,  England.  He 
there  published — "  Contemplations 
among  St.  Vincent's  Rocks,  near 
Bristol."  Afterwards  removing  to 
London,  he  became  pastor  of  the 
congregation  in  Blackhelds,  Lon- 
don. It  was  constituted  upon  the 
Independent  plan,  but  afterwards 
adopted  mixed  communion  and 
admitted  Calvinistic  Baptists.  In 
1766,  there  was  a  lecture  support- 
ed in  this  place,  and  preached  by 
Mr.  Eades,  and  Mr.  Richardson. 
As  for  Mr.  Dolman,  he  continued 
to  preach  here  about  six  or  seven 
years,  when  he  judged  fit  to  con- 
form to  the  Church  of  England, 
the  patrons  of  which  rewarded  the 
basket- maker  with  livings  —  the 
vicarage  of  Chalk,  near  Graves- 
end  ;  the  rectory  of  St.  James's,  Isle 
of  Grains,  Kent ;  and  vicarage  of 
Little  Brickhill,  Bucks  ;  all  of 
small  value.  He  is  said  to  have 
been  a  very  ignorant  man,  and 
went  by  the  name  of  '  Parson 
Twig.'  His  conformity  took  place 
in  1765."  Wilson's  Hist.  Dissent. 
Churches,  vol.  4,  p.  343.  By  the 
bye,  this  is  not  a  solitary  instance 
of  a  Churchman's  gown  being 
conferred  on  ignorant,  sell-impor- 
tant, recreant  Baptists,  either  in 
England  or  America,  as  a  premium 
upon  Episcopal  orders. 

DOE,  Charles,  an  English  Bap- 
tist minister,  and  author  of — 1. 
Collection  of  the  Experience  of 
the  works  of  Grace.  Lond.  8vo. 
Bib.  Brit,  also — 2.  The  Reason 
why  not  Infant  sprinkling,  but  be- 
lievers' baptism  ought  to  be  ap- 
proved ;  because  the    Lord    Jesus 


Christ,  his  fore-runner  John,  and 
the  apostles,  preached  it,  and  prac- 
tised it,  as  herein  will  I'urther  ap- 
pear by  scripture  authority,  in 
about  forty  texts,  with  notes  on 
every  text.  To  which  is  added — 
How  Infant  Baptism  came  in  fa- 
shion. The  evil  tendencies  of  In- 
fant sprinkling.  Difference  be- 
tween believers'  baptism  and  In- 
fant sprinkling,  with  several  other 
things,  1702,  6th  edition.  From 
the  title  of  this  work,  Pengilly 
must  have  read  it,  as  also  some 
other  writers.  For  this  last  title, 
see  Ben.  pp.  159,  160. 

DOUGLASS,  Caleb,  a  Baptist 
minister,  born  at  New  London, 
Connecticut,  11th  February,  1756; 
died  27th  September,  1833,  at 
Gorham,  Ontario  county,  New- 
York.  He  was  first  a  Psedobaptist 
Separate,  but  afterwards  in  1796, 
at  Whitestown,  New- York,  was 
baptized  by  Stephen  Parsons.  He 
was  ordained  a  deacon  in  1799, 
and  to  the  ministry  7th  January, 
1802,  and  was  pastor  ofWhites- 
boro  Baptist  Church  from  1803  to 
1816.  He  was  one  of  the  founders 
of  Hamilton  Institution,  a  most 
pious,  efficient,  useful  and  success- 
ful minister,  and  in  every  relation 
of  life,  as  well  as  in  all  his  public 
trusts,  was  faithful.  For  a  more 
full  biography,  see  Peck  and  Law- 
ton's  Historical  Sketches,  pp.  206 
-218. 

DOBELL,  Joseph,  an  English 
Baptist  minister,  author  ot^ — A 
New  Selection  of  700  Evangelical 
Hymns,  Lond.  1806,  8vo.  2.  Re- 
marks on  the  Arguments  of  Mr.  P. 
Edwards,  for  the  Baptism,  Church- 
membership  and  Salvation  of  In- 
fants, 1807.  8.  A  Flowret  for  the 
Wealth  of  Humanity,  1812,  8vo. 
Bib.  Brit. 


Dn 


CYCLOPEDIA. 


DU 


209 


BOWLING,  John,  D.  D.,  now 
pastor  of  Bereaii  Baptist  Church  in 
the  city  of  New- York,  autlior  of — A 
Vindication  of  the  Baptists  from 
the  charge  of  bigotry,  and  embar- 
assing  missionary  operations  by 
translating  and  refusing  to  trans- 
fer, in  all  their  Aversions  of  the 
Scriptures  among  the  heathen,  the 
words  relating  to  Baptism.  New- 
York,  1838,  8vo.,  pp.  30.  Also  a 
work  on  Romanism,  and  a  Revi- 
val Hymn  Book,  &:c. 

DORRINGTON,  Theophilus, 
M.  A.,  Rector  of  Wittnessham, 
in  Kent,  Eng.  Among  various 
works  against  Dissenters,  and  on 
other  subjects,  he  wrote  and  pub- 
lished, A  Vindication  of  the  Christ- 
ian Chnrch  in  baptizing  Infants, 
drawn  from  the  Holy  Scriptures. 
Lond.  1701,  svo.  Bib.  Brit. 

This  writer,  in  the  work  above, 
p.  37,  supposes  that  baptism  was 
appointed  by  God  in  the  beginning, 
and  that  it  is  a  rite  belonging  to 
the  old  religion  of  the  Avorld,  before 
the  flood ;  and  on  p.  44,  maintains 
that  "although  parents  be  admit- 
ted into  the  new  covenant,  the 
children  born  of  them  are  not 
born  within  the  covenant,  but  are 
as  all  others,  born  in  a  state  of  re- 
bellion." 

DOD  and  CLEAVER.  See 
Cleaver. 

DUDLEY,  Ambrose.  See  Tay- 
lor's  Lives  Virginia  Baptist  Minis- 
ters, p.  214,  et  seq. 

DUTCH  Annotators.  On  Rom. 
vi.  3,  they  say :  "  The  Apostle 
seems  here  to  allude  to  the  man- 
ner of  baptizing,  much  used  in 
those  warm  Eastern  Countries ; 
where  men  were  ivhoUy  dipped 
into  the  water,  and  afterwards 
rose  up  out  of  the  water  ;  to  show 
that  their  dipping  into  and  remain- 


ing in  the  water,  is  a  represent- 
ation of  Christ's  death  and  burial ; 
and  the  rising  up  out  of  the  water, 
of  his  resurrection." 

DUKE,  William,  LL.D.,  author 
of — A  Course  of  plain  and  familiar 
Lectures  on  the  Christian  Coven- 
ant, or  the  Articles  of  the  Chris- 
tian Faith,  and  on  the  two  Sacra- 
ments, Baptism  and  the  Lord's 
Supper,  1789,  12ino.  Bib.  Brit. 
Nothing  more  can  be  here  recorded 
of  this  writer.  We  suppose  him 
probably  to  have  been  an  English 
General  Baptist. 

DUNCAN,  John,  an  English 
Baptist  minister,  pastor  for  a  short 
time  after  1792  of  Rotherite  Bap- 
tist Church,  London.  He  had 
been  deacon  of  Mr.  Browns  Church 
in  Blackfields,  and  afterwards  built 
a  small  place  of  worship  in  the 
Grange  Road,  but  left  it  in  conse- 
quence of  some  difference.  Wil- 
son's Hist.  Dissent.  Churches,  vol. 
4,  p.  367. 

DU  BOIS,  J.,  mentioned  as  a 
M'riter  against  the  Anabaptists  in 
1799.     Ben.  p.  926. 

DUNSCOMBE,  Thomas.  For  a 
notice  of  this  Baptist  see  Evans' 
Sketches  of  all  Religions,  p.  157. 

DUNSTAR,  First  President  of 
Harvard  University.  For  a  notice 
of  this  Psedobaptist  who  was  really 
a  Baptist  at  heart,  see  Barber's 
Hist.  Mass.  p.  548. 

DURFEE,  Job,  Esq.,  a  Baptist 
Author  of  a  Poem,  entitled  "  What 
Cheer,"  based  on  the  salutation  of 
the  Indians  to  Roger  Wiilianis  and 
his  company  on  their  first  landing 
at  Providence,  R.  I. 

DUNHAM,  Jacob  H.  The  first 
white  person  ever  baptized  in  Lib- 
erty County,  Georgia.  As  early 
as  1756  his  grandfather  settled  in 
that  county.     Jacob,   son  of  John 


210 


Dy 


HAYNES'  BAPTIST 


Dy 


Dunham,  was  born  26tli  Feb.,  1774, 
in  Mcintosh  County,  Georgia.  He 
was  married  1799,  baptized  20th 
Sep.  1806,  and  entered  the  minis- 
try in  1808,  and  labored  24  years 
until  25th  Sep.,  1832,  when  he  died. 
The  principal  field  of  his  labors 
were  "  the  backwoods  of  Liberty," 
(where  he  settled  upon  his  mar- 
riage,) "the  settlements  of  poor 
people  along  the  Altamaha  River, 
the  blacks  about  Darien,  and  on 
the  Sea-Islands,  (St.  Catharine,  Sa- 
pelo,  &c.,) — these  were  the  fields 
of  his  labors — these  the  people, 
who  joyfully  received  the  word 
from  his  lips.  Year  after  year,  till 
late  in  life,  would  he  hold  his 
plough  handles  up  to  the  very  hour 
when  he  should  set  out  upon  his 
mission,  and  then  throwing  the 
saddle  upon  his  plough-horse,  he 
would  press  forward,  with  a  heart 
burning  with  love  to  God  and  man. 
Or,  launch  his  canoe  and  work  his 
slow  passage  from  ten  to  fifteen 
miles,  to  carry  the  lamp  of  life  to 
hundreds  of  poor  blacks  whose  lots 
were  cast  on  the  islands  adjacent." 
"  Hundreds,  perhaps  thousands, 
were  converted  under  his  ministry 
and  baptized  by  his  hands.  No 
missionary  in  Burmah,  in  China,  or 
Africa,  was  ever  more  willing  to 
sacrifice  all  for  Christ  and  his 
cause."  The  Baptists  then  had  no 
organizations  in  Georgia  to  sustain 
home  missionaries,  and  the  people 
were  unable  to  support  him,  but 
God  was  with  him. —  CampbeWs 
Gcorsia  Baptists,  pp.  50-52. 

DYKE,  Daniel,  M.  A.  A  learn- 
ed and  godly  English  Baptist  Minis- 
ter, born  1617,  at  Epping,  in  Essex, 
died  1688,  at  London,  and  was 
buried  at  Bunhill-Fields,  aged  70. 
His  father,  Jeremiah  Dyke,  was 
a    parochial    Puritan  minister,    at 


Epping,  and  was  brother  of  Daniel 
Dyke,  minister,  first  at  Coggeshall, 
in  Essex,  and  afterwards  at  St.  Al- 
ban's,  in  Hertfordshire,  where  he 
was  suspended  by  bishop  Aylmer. 
This  Daniel  Dyke,  uncle  of  the 
Baptist  subject  of  this  memoir,  was 
author  of  a  work  entitled  "  The 
Deceitfulness  of  the  Human  Heart," 
and  other  works.  His  nephew, 
Daniel  Dyke,  after  due  course  of 
preparatory  education  at  private 
schools,  was  sent  to  the  University 
of  Cambridge,  where  he  took  his 
degree  of  Master  of  Arts,  and  soon 
afterwards  received  Episcopal  or- 
dination, and  became  immediately 
distinguished  for  his  learning  and 
useful  preaching,  and  was  in  con- 
sequence promoted  to  the  living  of 
Haddam  Magna,  in  Hertfordshire. 
He  was  made  Chaplain  in  ordina- 
ry to  Oliver  Cromwell,  and  one  of 
the  Triers  for  the  approval  and  ad- 
mission of  Ministers  in  1653,  in 
consideration  of  his  learning,  judg- 
ment and  piety.  He  had  previously 
become  a  Baptist,  and  was  one  of 
the  three  Baptists  with  Tombes 
and  Jessey  which  were  appointed 
among  the  Triers. 

"  Upon  the  Restoration,  Mr. 
Dyke  discovered  his  great  integri- 
ty by  refusing  to  conform  to  Epis- 
copal Government,  and  to  the 
ceremonies  of  the  Church  of  Eng- 
land. In  contemplation,  therefore, 
of  the  approaching  storm,  he  vol- 
untarily resigned  his  living.  When 
his  intimate  friend  Mr.  Case,  who 
was  one  of  the  Ministers  deputed 
to  wait  upon  the  King  at  the  Hague, 
endeavored  to  dissuade  him  from 
his  purpose,  telling  him  what  a 
hopeful  prospect  they  had  from  the 
King's  behavior,  &c.,  Mr.  Dyke 
told  him  plainly  "  that  they  did  but 
deceive    and    flatter    themselves ! 


Dy 


CYCLOPiEDIA. 


Ea 


211 


That  if  the  King  was  sincere  in  his 
show  of  piety,  and  great  respect  to 
them  and  their  religion  ;  yet  when 
he  came  to  be  settled,  the  party 
that  had  formerly  adhered  to  him, 
would  have  the  management  of 
public  offices,  and  circumvent  all 
their  designs,  and  in  all  probability, 
not  only  turn  them  out,  but  take 
away  their  liberty  too."  The  wis- 
dom and  justice  of  these  remarks 
were  fully  justified  by  the  King's 
subsequent  conduct. " 

"  Alter  jNIr.  Dyke  resigned  his 
living,  he  preached  as  often  as  he 
had  opportunity,  and  through  some 
kind  appearance  of  Providence,  was 
generally  preserved  from  the  rage 
and  malice  of  his  persecutors. 
Though  he  lived  in  two  or  three 
great  storms,  and  had  several  writs 
out  against  him,  yet  he  never  was 
imprisoned  more  than  one  night. 
After  preaching  a  year  upon  trial, 
he  was  chosen  a  colleague  with 
Mr.  Kitfin,  at  Devonshire-square, 
London,  and  set  apart  to  the  office 
of  joint-elder,  Feb.  17,  1668  ;  Mr. 
KnoUys,  3Ir.  Harrison  and  Mr.  Kif- 
fin,  officiating  upon  the  occasion. 
In  this  station  he  continued  a  faith- 
ful laborer,  till  removed  by  death 
in  1688,  when  he  was  about  70 
years  of  age.  His  remains  were  in- 
terred at  Bunhill-Fields,  and  his 
funeral-sermon  preached  by  Mr. 
Warner.  Mr.  Dyke  was  a  man  of 
so  much  modesty  that  he  could 
never  be  prevailed  upon  to  appear 
in  print.  His  name  however  stands 
with  some  others  in  two  or  three 
printed  papers,  in  the  composing 
of  which  it  is  supposed  he  had  some 
concern.  These  were,  1.  The 
Quaker's  Appeal  Answered ;  or  a 
full  relation  of  the  occasion,  issue 
and  progress  of  a  meeting  at  Bar- 
bican,  between  the   Baptists  and 


Quakers,"  1674.  2.  The  Baptist's 
Answer  to  Mr.  .Mill's  Appeal,  1675, 
&:c.  3.  Recommendatory  fc]pistle 
before  Mr.  Cox's  Confutation  of  the 
Errors  of  Thomas  Collier.  He  also 
edited  a  volume  of  sermons  by  his 
father.  Wilson's  Hist.  Dissent. 
Churches,  vol.  1,  pp.  433-434. 
Crosby,  vol.  1,  pp.  3o5-3o9. 
Hague's  Church  Transplanted,  pp. 
157-158. 

Crosby,  in  vol.  3,  p.  6,  says, 
he  was  ejected  from  Great  Hadd.\.\i, 
in  the  County  of  Hartford,  Dr. 
Calamy,  as  an  evidence  of  his  being 
Episcopally  ordained,  says  :  '■  That 
a  certain  person,  when  he  had  mar- 
ried, being  desirous  to  get  off"  from 
his  marriage,  he  produced  his  or- 
ders, and  by  that  means,  he  was 
disappointed." 

EATON,  D.wm,  an  English 
author  of — 1.  Scripture  the  only 
Guide  to  Religious  Truth;  a  nar- 
rative of  the  proceedings  of  the  So- 
ciety of  Baptists  in  York,  in  re- 
linquishing the  popular  systems  of 
religion,  for  the  study  of  the  scrip- 
tures. Lond.,  1800,  8vo.,  2d  ed., 
1809. — 2.  Letters  to  John  Graham, 
in  answer  to  his  Defence  of  Scrip- 
ture Doctrines  as  understood  by 
the  Church  of  England  ;  and  in 
Vindication  of  the  Narrative  of 
the  proceedings  of  the  Baptists  in 
York.  1801,  Hvo. — 3.  A  Familiar 
Conversation  on  Religious  Bigotry, 
Candor  and  Liberality,  Lond.,  8vo. 
— 4.  A  Narrative  of  the  Proceedings 
of  the  Baptists  in  York,  Lond., 
1809,  12mo.  This  Eaton  mu.st 
have  been  a  Baptist.     Bib.  Brit. 

EDWARDS,  MoRG.\N,  A.  M. 
The  following  biographical  sketch 
of  this  truly  eminent  man,  and  dis- 
tinguished promoter  of  the  Baptist 
cause  in  America,  was  drawn  by 
Dr.  William  Rogers   of  Philadel- 


phia,  in  a  sermon  preached  at  his 
funeral,  and  by  him  communicated 
to  Dr.  Rippon  of  London,  who  pub- 
lished it  in  the  twelfth  number  of 
his  Annual  Register,  from  which  it 
is  now  extracted.  The  sermon, 
which  for  some  cause  was  not 
printed,  was  preached  in  the  first 
Baptist  Church  in  Philadelphia, 
February  22,  1794,  on  2  Cor.  vi.  8. 
By  lionor  or  dishonor ;  by  evil  re- 
port and  good  report ;  as  deceivers 
and  yet  true.  The  Doctor,  after  a 
general  and  pertinent  illustration 
of  his  text,  thus  proceeds :  "  My  high- 
ly esteemed  Iriend  and  father,  the 
Rev.  Mr.  Morgan  Edwards,  request- 
ed, as  you  have  already  been  in- 
formed, that  these  words  should  be 
preached  from,  as  soon  as  conveni- 
ent after  his  decease.  I  presume 
he  found  them  descriptive  of  Avhat 
he  met  with  in  the  course  of  his 
ministry. 

"  Honor,  Mr.  Edwards  certainly 
had,  both  in  Europe  and  America. 
The  college  and  academy  of  Phila- 
delphia, at  a  very  early  period,  hon- 
ored him  as  a  man  of  learning,  and 
a  popular  preacher,  with  a  diplo- 
ma, constituting  him  Master  of 
Arts ;  this  was  followed  by  a  de- 
gree ad  eundem  in  the  year  ]  769, 
i'rom  the  college  of  Rhode  Island, 
being  the  first  commencement  in 
that  institution.  In  this  seminary 
he  held  a  Felloirskip,  and  filled  it 
with  reputation,  till  he  voluntarily 
resigned  it  in  1789  ;  age  and  dis- 
tance having  rendered  him  incapa- 
ble of  attending  the  meetings  of 
the  Corporation  any  longer. 

"  He  also  met  with  dishonor ; 
but  he  complained  not  much  of 
this,  as  it  was  occasioned  by  his 
strong  attachment  to  the  Royal 
Family  of  Great  Britain,  in  the 
beginning   of  the  American  war, 


which  fixed  upon  him  the  name 
of  Tory  :  tliis  I  should  have  omit- 
ted mentioning,  had  not  the  de- 
ceased enjoined  it  upon  me.  For 
any  person  to  be  so  marked  out  in 
those  days,  Avas  enough  to  bring  on 
political  opposition  and  destruction 
of  property  ;  all  of  which  took  place 
with  respectto  Mr.  Edwards,  though 
he  never  harbored  the  thought  of 
doing  the  least  injury  to  the  United 
States,  by  abetting  the  cause  of 
our  enemies. 

"  A  good  report  onr  brother  also 
had.  The  numerous  letters  brought 
with  him  across  the  Atlantic,  from 
the  Rev.  Dr.  John  Gill  and  others, 
reported  handsome  things  of  him  ; 
and  so  did,  in  return,  the  letters 
that  went  from  America  to  the  then 
parent  country. 

"  Evil  reports  also  fell  to  his 
share  ;  but  most  of  these  were  false 
reports,  and  therefore  he  gave  credit 
for  them  as  a  species  of  persecution. 
And  even  the  title  of  deceiver  did 
not  escape  him.  Often  has  he  been 
told  that  he  was  an  Arminian, 
though  he  professed  to  be  a  Cal- 
vinist ;  that  he  was  a  Universalist 
in  disguise,  &c.  Yet  he  was  true 
to  his  principles.  These  may  be 
seen  in  our  confession  of  faith, 
agreeing  with  that  re-published  by 
the  Baptist  churches  assembled  at 
London,  in  the  year  1689.  He  sel- 
dom meddled  with  the  five  polemi- 
cal points ;  but  when  he  did,  he 
always  avoided  abusive  language. 
The  charge  of  Universalism  brought 
against  him  was  not  altogether 
groundless  ;  for  though  he  was  not 
a  Universalist  himself,  he  professed 
a  great  regard  for  many  who  were, 
and  he  would  sometimes  take  their 
part  against  violent  opposers,  in  or- 
der to  inculcate  moderation. 

"  Mr.  Edwards  was  born  in  Tre- 


CYCLOPAEDIA. 


Ea 


213 


vethin  parish,  Monmouthshire,  in 
the  principality  of  Wales,  on  May 
9th.  1722,  old  style;  and  had  his 
grannnar  learning  in  the  same  par- 
ish, at  a  village  called  Trosnat ; 
afterwards  he  was  placed  in  the 
Baptist  seminary  at  Bristol,  in  Old 
England,  at  the  time  the  president's 
chair  was  filled  by  the  Be  v.  Mr. 
Foskett.  He  entered  on  the  minis- 
try in  the  sixteenth  year  of  his  age. 
After  he  had  finished  his  academi- 
cal studies,  he  went  to  Boston  in 
Lincolnshire,  wdiere  he  continued 
seven  years,  preaehing  the  gospel 
to  a  small  congregation  in  that 
town.  From  Boston,  he  removed 
to  Cork,  in  Ireland,  where  he  was 
ordained,  June  1,  1757,  and  resided 
nine  years.  From  Cork,  he  return- 
ed to  Great  Britain,  and  preached 
about  twelve  months  at  Rye,  in 
Sussex.  While  at  Rye,  the  Rev. 
Dr.  Gill,  and  other  London  minis- 
ters, in  pursuance  of  letters  they 
received  from  this  church,  (Phila- 
delphia,) urged  him  to  pay  you  a 
visit.  He  complied,  took  his  pas- 
sage for  America,  arrived  here  May 
23,  1761,  and  shortly  afterwards 
became  your  pastor.  He  had  the 
oversight  of  this  church  for  many ! 
years ;  voluntarily  resigned  his  of- 
fice, when  he  found  the  cau,se,  .so 
near  and  dear  to  his  heart,  sinking 
under  his  hands ;  but  continued 
preaching  to  the  people,  till  they 
obtained  another  niinister,  the  per- 
son who  now  addresses  you,  in  the 
procuring  of  whom  he  was  not  in- 
active. 

"  After  this,  Mr.  Edwards  pur- 
chased a  plantation  in  Newark. 
New-Castle  county,  state  of  Dela- 
ware, and  moved  thither  with  his 
family  in  the  year  1772  ;  he  con- 
tinued preaching  the  word  of  life 
and  salvation  in  a  number  of  vacant 


churches,  till  the  American  war. 
He  then  desisted,  and  remained 
silent,  till  after  the  termiruition  of 
our  revolutionary  troubles,  and  a 
consequent  reconciliation  with  this 
church.  He  then  occasionally  read 
lectures  in  divinity  in  this  city  and 
other  parts  of  Pennsylvania,  also  in 
New  Jersey,  Delaware  and  New 
England ;  but  for  very  particular 
and  afi'ecting  reasons  could  never 
be  prevailed  upon  to  resume  the 
sacred  character  of  a  ininistei-. 

'•Our  worthy  friend  departed  this 
life,  at  Pencader,  New-Castle  coun- 
ty, Delaware  state,  on  AVednesday, 
the  28th  of  January,  1795,  in  the 
seventy -third  year  of  his  age  ;  and 
was  buried  agreeably  to  his  own 
desire,  in  the  aisle  of  this  meeting- 
house, with  his  first  wii'e  and  their 
children ;  her  maiden  name  was 
Mary  Nunn,  originally  of  Cork,  in 
L-eland,  by  whom  he  had  several 
children,  all  of  whom  are  dead, 
excepting  two  sons,  William  and 
Joshua ;  the  first,  if  alive,  is  a  mili- 
tary officer  in  the  British  service  ; 
the  other  is  now  present  with  us, 
paying  this  last  public  tribute  of 
filial  affection  to  the  memory  of  a 
Ibnd  and  pious  parent.  Mr.  Ed- 
wards' second  wife  was  a  Mrs. 
Singleton,  of  the  state  of  Delaware, 
who  is  also  dead,  by  whom  he  had 
no  issue. 

"  Several  of  Mr.  Edwards'  pieces 
have  appeared  in  print,  viz:  1.  A 
Farewell  Discourse,  delivered  at 
the  Baptist  meeting-house  in  Rye, 
February  8,  1761,  on  Acts  xx.  25, 
26.  '  And  now,  behold,  I  know 
that  ye  all,  among  whom  I  have 
gone  preaching  the  kingdom  of 
God,  shall  see  my  face  no  more ; 
wherefore,  I  take  you  to  record 
this  day,  that  I  am  pure  from  the 
blood  of   all  men.'      This  passed 


214 


HAYNES'  BAPTIST 


Ea 


through  two  editions,  8vo.  2.  A  Ser- 
mon preached  in  the  college  of 
Philadelphia,  at  the  ordination  of 
the  Rev.  Samuel  Jones,  (now  D.D.) 
with  a  narrative  of  the  manner  in 
which  the  ordination  was  conduct- 
ed, 8vo.  3.  The  Customs  of  Primi- 
tive Ckurches,  or  a  set  of  Proposi- 
tions relative  to  the  Name,  Ma- 
terials, Constitution,  Powers,  Of- 
ficers, Ordinances,  &c.,  of  a  church  ; 
to  which  are  added,  their  proofs 
from  scripture,  and  historical  nar- 
ratives of  the  manner  in  which 
most  of  them  have  been  reduced  to 
practice.  Ito.  This  book  was  in- 
tended jji  the  Philadelphia  associ- 
ation, in  hopes  they  would  have 
improved  upon  the  plan,  so  that 
their  joint  productions  might  have 
introduced  a  full  and  unexception- 
able treatise  of  church  discipline. 
4.  A  New- Year's  Gift ;  a  sermon 
preached  in  this  house,  January  1, 
1770,  from  these  words,  '  This  year 
thou  shalt  die ;'  which  passed 
through  four  editions.  What  gave 
rise  to  this  discourse  will  probably 
be  recollected  for  many  years  to 
come.  5.  Materials  towards  a  His- 
tory of  the  Baptists  in  Pennsylva- 
nia, both  British  and  German,  dis- 
tinguished into  First-day,  Keithian, 
Seventh-day,  Tunker,  andRogerene 
Baptists,  12mo.  1792.  The  motto 
of  both  volumes  is,  Lo  !  a  people 
that  dwell  alone,  and  shall  not  be 
reckoned  among  the  nations.  6.  A 
Treatise  on  the  Millennium.  7.  A 
Treatise  on  the  New  Heaven  and 
New  Earth :  this  was  re-printed  in 
London.  8.  Res  Sacra,  a  Transla- 
tion from  the  Latin.  The  subject 
of  this  piece  is  an  enumeration  of 
all  the  acts  of  public  worship,  which 
the  New  Testament  styles  ojferings 
and  sacrijices ;  among  which,  giv- 
ing money  for  religious  uses  is  one; 


and  therefore,  according  to  Mr.  Ed- 
wards' opinion,  is  to  be  done  in  the 
places  of  public  worship,  and  with 
equal  devotion. 

"  Besides  what  he  gave  to  his 
intimate  friends  as  tokens  of  per- 
sonal regard,  he  has  left  behind 
him  forty-two  volumes  of  sermons, 
twelve  sermons  to  a  volume,  all 
written  in  large  print  hand  ;  also 
about  a  dozen  volumes  in  quarto, 
on  special  subjects,  in  some  of 
which  he  was  respondent,  and 
therefore  they  may  not  contain  his 
own  real  sentiments.  These,  with 
many  other  things,  unite  to  show 
that  he  was  no  idler. 

"  He  used  to  recommend  it  to 
ministers  to  write  their  sermons  at 
large,  but  not  to  read  them  in  the 
pulpit ;  if  he  did,  he  advised  the 
preacher  to  write  a  large  fair  hand, 
and  make  himself  so  much  master 
of  his  subject,  that  a  glance  might 
take  in  a  whole  page.  Being  a 
good  classic,  and  a  man  of  refine- 
ment, he  was  vexed  with  such  dis- 
courses from  the  pulpit  as  deserved 
no  attention,  and  much  more  to 
hear  barbarisms ;  because,  as  he 
used  to  say,  '  They  were  arguments 
either  of  vanity  or  indolence,  or 
both ;  for  an  American,  with  an 
English  grammar  in  his  hand,  a 
learned  triend  at  his  elbow,  and 
close  application  for  six  months, 
might  make  himself  master  of  his 
mother  tongue.' 

"  The  Baptist  churches  are  much 
indebted  to  Mr.  Edwards.  They 
will  long  remember  the  time  and 
talents  he  devoted  to  their  best 
interests  both  in  Europe  and  Ameri- 
ca. Very  far  was  he  from  a  selfish 
person.  When  the  arrears  of  his 
salary,  as  pastor  of  this  church, 
amounted  to  upwards  of  three 
hundred  and  seventy-two  pounds, 


and  he  was  put  in  possession  of  a 
house  by  the  church,  till  the  princi- 
pal iind  interest  thoukl  be  paid, 
he  resigned  the  house,  and  re- 
linquished a  great  part  of  the  debt, 
lest  the  church  shoidd  be  distress- 
ed. 

"  The  college  of  Rhode  Island  is 
also  greatly  beholden  to  him  for 
his  vigorous  exertions  at  home  and 
abroad,  in  raising  money  for  that 
institution,  and  for  his  particular 
activity  in  procuring  its  charter. 
This  he  deemed  the  greatest  ser- 
vice he  ever  did  for  the  honor  of 
the  Baptist  name.  As  one  of  its 
first  sons,  I  cheerfully  make  this 
public  testimony  of  his  laudable 
and  well  timed  zeal. 

"  In  the  finst  volume  of  his  Ma- 
terials, he  proposed  a  plan  for  unit- 
ing all  the  Baptists  on  the  conti- 
nent in  one  body  politic,  by  having 
the  association  of  Philadelphia  (the 
centre)  incorporated  by  charter,  and 
by  taking  one  delegate  out  of  each 
association  into  the  corporation ; 
but  finding  this  impracticable  at 
that  time,  he  visited  the  churches 
from  Kew-Hampshire  to  Georgia, 
gathering  materials  towards  the 
history  of  the  whole.  Permit  me 
to  add,  that  this  plan  of  union,  as 
yet,  has  not  succeeded. 

"  Mr.  Edwards  was  the  moving 
cause  of  having  the  minutes  of  the 
Philadelphia  association  printed, 
which  he  could  not  bring  to  bear 
lor  some  years ;  and  therefore,  at 
his  own  expense,  he  printed  tables, 
exhibiting  the  original  and  annual 
state  of  the  associating  churches. 

"  There  was  nothing  uncommon 
in  Mr.  Edwards'  person ;  but  he 
possessed  an  original  genius.  By 
his  travels  in  England,  Ireland, 
and  America,  commixing  with  all 
sorts  of  people,  and  by  close  appli- 


cation to  reading,  he  had  obtained 
a  remarkable  ease  of  behavior  in 
company,  and  was  furnished  with 
something  pleasant  or  inlbrming 
to  say  on  all  occasions.  His  Greek 
Testament  was  his  favorite  com- 
panion, of  which  he  was  complete 
master ;  his  Hebrew  Bible  next, 
but  he  was  not  so  well  versed  in 
the  Hebrew  as  in  the  Greek  lan- 
guage ;  however,  he  knew  so  much 
of  both  as  authorized  hinr  to  say, 
as  often  as  he  did,  that  the  Greek 
and  Hebrew  are  the  two  eyes  of 
a  minister,  and  the  translations  are 
but  commentaries;  because  they 
vary  in  sense  as  cojnmentators  do. 
He  preferred  the  ancient  British 
version  to  any  he  had  read  ;  ob- 
serving that  the  idioms  of  the 
Welsh  fitted  those  of  the  Hebrew 
and  Greek,  like  hand  and  gl  jve. 

"  Our  aged  and  respectable  iriend 
is  gone  the  way  of  all  the  earth ; 
but  he  lived  to  a  good  old  age  and 
with  the  utmost  composure  closed 
his  eyes  on  all  the  things  of  time. 
Though  he  has  gone,  this  is  not 
gone  with  him ;  it  remains  with 
us,  that  the  Baptist  interest  was 
ever  uppermost  with  him,  and  that 
he  labored  more  to  promote  it  than 
to  promote  his  own  ;  and  this  he 
did,  because  he  believed  it  to  be 
the  interest  of  Christ  above  any  in 
Christendom.  His  becoming  a 
Baptist  was  the  effect  of  previous 
examination  and  conviction,  hav- 
ing been  brought  up  in  the  Epis- 
copal cliurch,  lor  which  church  he 
retained  a  particular  regard  during 
his  whole  life."     Baptist  Library. 

EDWARDS,  Peter.  First  a 
Pffidobaptist,  then  ibr  a  i'ew  months 
a  Baptist,  and  then  a  Paedobaptist, 
author  of — 1.  Candid  Reasons  for 
renouncing  the  principles  of  Anti- 
paedobaptism.     Lond.  1795,  8vo. — 


216 


Ea 


HAYNES'  BAPTIST 


Ea 


2.  Baptism;  being  an  address  to 
Baptists  and  Paedobaptists,  Lond 
1805,  12mo.  We  have  also  Peter 
Edwards'  Short  Method  with  the 
Baptists.  The  first  work  was 
printed  in  the  Methodist  Discipline, 
American  edition  of  1812,  and  has 
been  regarded  by  Ptedobaptists  as 
the  master-piece  of  Paxlobaptists, 
although  it  contains  not  an  original 
argument.  Its  merit  consists  in 
its  brevity  and  sophistry,  and  is  of 
all  books  most  uncandid,  and  has 
become  obsolete. 

EDWARDS,  John,  an  English 
Baptist,  author  of— 1.  A  Vindica- 
tion of  the  sentiments  contained 
in  a  late  address,  &c.,  to  a  con- 
gregation of  Baptists,  Lond.  1791, 
8vo.  2.  Letters  to  the  Rev.  Mr. 
Medley,  occasioned  by  his  late  be- 
havior while  engaged  in  divine 
service,  1790,  Svo.  3.  Sermon,  oc- 
casioned by  the  death  of  the  late 
Rev.  Dr.  Joseph  Priestly,  Lond. 
1804,  8v().  4.  The  Friend  of  Christ 
sleeping  in  death ;  a  Funeral  Ser- 
mon, Lond.  1804.  5.  Sermon 
preached  on  the  ThanksgivingDay, 
Lond.  1805,  8vo.  6.  All  Saints 
Church  Derby  ;  a  Poem,  1806,  4to. 
7.  Sermon,  Lond.  1806.  The  list 
of  his  writings  is  given  in  full  to 
distinguish  him  from  several  other 
authors  of  the  same  name.  Bib.  Brit. 

EDWARDS,  John,  D.  D.,  an 
eminent  English  divine,  and  author 
of  numerous  and  vohiminous  works, 
born  at  Hartford,  1637  ;  died  1716. 
We  shall  notice  only  three  of  his 
works,  from  each  of  which  quota- 
tions will  be  added.  1.  An  Inquiry 
into  four  remarkable  Texts  of  the 
New  Testament,  Lond.  1692,  Svo. 
In  this  work,  pp.  143-144,  he  says: 
"  Some  of  the  Fathers  held,  that 
the  Apostle's  argument  in  the  text 
(1  Cor.  XV.  29,)  is  of  this  sort ;  If 


there  shall  be  no  rising  of  the  dead 
hereafter,  why  is  baptism  so  signi- 
ficant a  symbol  of  our  dying  and 
rising  again,  and  also  of  the  death 
ai)d  resurrection  of  Christ?  For 
those  that  were  proselytes  to  the 
christian  religion,  were  interpreted 
to  make  an  open  profession  of  these, 
in  their  being  plunged  into  the 
baptismal  water,  and  in  being  there 
overwhelmed  and  binied,  as  it  were, 
in  the  consecrated  element.  The 
immersion  into  the  water  was 
thought  to  signify  the  death  of 
Christ;  and  their  coming  out,  de- 
noted his  rising  again ;  did  no  less 
represent  their  future  resurrection. 
On  which  account  the  minister's 
putting  in  of  the  christian  converts 
into  the  sacred  waters,  and  his  tak- 
ing them  out  thence,  are  styled  by 
St.  Chrysostom,  the  sign  and  pledge 
of  desrriiding  into  the  state  of  the 
dead  and  of  a  return,  from  thence. 
And,  thus  because  the  washing  and 
plunging  of  tlie  newly  admitted 
christians,  was  a  visible  proof  and 
emblem,  first  of  Christ's,  and  then 
of  their  resurrection  from  the  grave; 
the  foreinentioned  fathers  have  been 
induced  to  believe,  that  this  pas- 
sage of  our  Apostle,  which  I  am 
speaking  of,  hath  a  particular  re- 
spect to  that,  and  is  to  be  inter- 
preted by  it.  Nay,  this  seems  to 
agree  exactly  with  the  language 
and  tenor  of  our  Apostle  himself, 
who  may  be  thought  to  be  the  best 
interpreter  of  his  own  words;  know 
ye  not,  saith  he,  that  so  many  of  us 
as  have  been  baptized  into  Christ, 
tvere  baptized  into  his  death  ? 
Therefore  we  are  buried  with  hitn 
by  baptism,  &c.,  Rom.  vi.  3,  4." 

In  his  work,  entitled  Exercita- 
tions,  critical,  philosophical,  his- 
torical, and  theological,  on  several 
important  places  in  the  Old  and 


Ea 


CYCLOPEDIA. 


E> 


217 


New  Testament ;  in  two  parts, 
Lond.  1702.  Svo.  Exercit.  ix.  p. 
136,  commenting  on  Cant.  xii.  2. 
TInj  navel  is  like  a  round  goblet 
which  wanteth  not  liquor.'^  This 
passage  lie  applies  to  baptism  thus: 
"  There  is  a  great  controversy  .solv- 
ed, namely,  between  us  and  the 
Anabaptists,  who  are  against  the 
baptizing  of  children,  because  they 
are  not  come  to  the  years  of  un- 
derstanding. Let  it  be  remember- 
ed from  what  is  suggested  to  us 
here,  that  infants  (according  to  the 
notion  which  prevailed  in  those 
(lays,)  receive  nourishment  by  the 
navel,  thoaigh  they  take  not  in  any 
food  by  the  mouth.  >So  it  is  no 
good  objection  against  baptizing 
infants,  that  they  are  ignorant  and 
understand  not  what  they  do,  and 
that  they  are  not  able  to  take  any 
spiritual  nourishment  after  the  or- 
dinaiy  way  ;  it  may  be  done,  as  it 
is  said  here,  by  the  navel,  by  the 
federal  knot  or  link  which  ties  them 
fast  to  their  christian  and  believing 
parents."  This  is  the  ablest  de- 
fence of  infant  baptism  we  have 
ever  seen  from  scripture,  but  its  use 
by  a  learned  Doctor  ol"  Divinity 
must  injure  the  cause  it  seeks  to 
promote.  Lord,  what  is  man  that 
he  should  stoop  to  such  means  to 
prop  infant  baptism  ?  Another  of 
his  works  may  be  simply  quoted 
as  another  sample  of  logic.  Theo- 
logia  Reformata ;  Or,  the  substance 
and  body  of  the  Christian  Religion, 
Lond.  1772,  2  vols,  folio.  Ten  years 
after  the  author's  death,  was  pub- 
lished vol.  3,  Lond.  1726,  folio.  In 
this  work,  vol.  3,  p.  568,  on  Matt, 
xxviii.  IS,  he  says :  '  This  general 
commission  takes  in  all  particulars. 
Go,  baptize  all  nations,  is  as  much 
and  as  full  as  if  Christ  had  said, 
Go,  baptize   all  men,  women  and 


rhildren.'"  Of  course  this  interpre- 
tatiou  includes  untaught  and  un- 
converted Pagans,  unbelieving 
Jews  and  IMahomedans,  as  well  as 
Lifidels.  This  would  convert  the 
world  into  a  church  without  any 
other  qualification  but  baptism, 
and  such  has  been  the  policy  of 
Papists,  Episcopalians,  Lutherans, 
and  most  Ptedobaptist  Sects.  The 
argument  is,  I  assure  you  my  breth- 
ren— the  simple  declaration  of  a 
divine. — No,  the  commission  is, 
mahe  disciples  and  baptize  disciples, 
and  a  disciple  is  a  christian  before 
baptism,  and  Avhen  baptized  is  a 
baptized  christian,  but  if  not  a 
christian  before  baptism,  after  bap- 
tism the  baptized  is  a  baptized 
AXTicHRisTiAX.  Is  it  not  taking 
the  name  of  the  Father,  Son,  and 
Holy  Ghost  in  vain,  to  use  the 
name  of  the  sacred  Three  in  One 
in  the  mock  baptism  of  one  who  is 
not  really  or  professedly  a  christian 
first  ?  Too  much  of  our  attention 
has  been  bestowed  already  upon 
this  author. 

EDWARDS,  Jonathan,  an 
American  Psedobaptist,  president 
of  Princeton  College,  N.  J.,  the 
celebrated  author  of  "  the  History 
of  Redemption,'"  and  various  other 
learned  theological  works,  unequal- 
led in  merit.  He  says  in  a  work 
entitled  Discourses  on  Lnportant 
Subjects,  Boston,  1738,  on  p.  68: 
"  Positive  precepts  are  the  greatest 
and  most  proper  trial  of  obedience ; 
because  in  them  the  mere  authority 
and  will  of  the  legislator,  is  the 
sole  ground  oi  ohW^ni'wn,  and  noth- 
ing in  the  natures  of  the  things 
themselves ;  and  therefore,  they 
are  the  greatest  trials  of  any  per- 
son's respect  to  that  authority  and 
will."  Baptists  properly  apply  this 
truth  to  baptismal  obedience.     Li 


218 


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HAYNES'  BAPTIST 


Ea 


his  Inquiry  into  the  Qualifications 
for  full  communion,  Bost.  Ed.  1749, 
p.  117  and  p.  30,  "On  Providence  and 
the  Covenants"  he  might  be  quoted, 
were  it  consonant  with  oar  plan  to 
develope  or  review  the  positions  of 
authors.  This  reference  must  suf- 
fice. We  must  add,  that  in  his 
History  of  Redemption,  he  main- 
tains psedobaptist  views  of  the 
sacraments  and  covenants,  and 
deals  not  the  most  fairlij  with  the 
German  Anabaptists,  although  his 
testimony  concerning  the  Wal- 
denses,  &c.,  is  valuable  properly 
modified. 

EDWARDS.  Jonathan,  D.  D., 
an  English  Divine,  born  in  Der- 
byshire, lfi29;  died,  1712.  He 
was  an  able  writer  on  various  sub- 
jects, particularly  against  Socinian- 
isni.  In  his  works  entitled.  Pre- 
servative against  Socinianism,  Oxf. 
1698-1703,  4to.  part  3,  p.  o2.  On 
Philological  Interpretation  he  re- 
marks very  properly,  that  "  In 
words  which  are  capable  of  two 
senses,  the  natural  and  propei-  is 
the  jjrimari/ ;  and  therefore,  ought 
in  the  Jirst  place  and  chiejly  to  be 
regarded."  A  principle  calculated 
to  make  Baptists. 

ERASMUS,  DisEDERius  Roter- 
DAMUs,  one  of  the  most  illustrious 
of  the  Revivers  of  Learning,  was 
born  at  Rotterdam,  1467 ;  died, 
1536.  This  most  voluminous, 
learned,  and  classic  theological 
author,  is  quoted  only  to  show  a 
specimen  of  piedobaptist  positions. 
He  says,  "It  is  ])ro/)ab/e  the  bap- 
tism of  infants  was  instituted  by 
Apostles;  nevertheless,  if  one  doubt 
thereof  he  should  not  be  condemn- 
ed." This  is  somewhat  more  lib- 
eral for  the  period  in  which  he 
lived,  than  was  common  in  the 
advocates  of  human  tradition.     It 


is  PR,0BABLE.  If  it  wore  so,  would  it 
not  be  found  in  the  New  Testa- 
ment and  then  be  certain.  'Tis 
probable  is  an  argument  which 
might  as  well  prove  any  other  er- 
ror. 

EDZARDI,  J.  a  German  Luther- 
an, who  wrote  against  the  Anabap- 
tists from  1636  to  1651. 

EASTWOOD,  Marvin,  a  Bap- 
tist author  of — The  Apostolic  Plat- 
form, or  a  Vindication  of  the  Bap- 
tists from  the  charge  oi'  Close 
Communion,  it  being  the  substance 
of  a  sermon  preached  by  Marvin 
Eastwood,  pastor  of  the  Baptist 
Church,  at  Waterford,  N.  Y.  Lan- 
singburgh,  N.  Y.  Lamb,  Pr.  1842. 
This  work  we  have  seen  and  it  is 
an  able  tract. 

ENGLAND,  Church  of.— In  the 
Homily  of  the  Resurrection  it  is 
written :  "  As  we  be  buried  with 
Christ  by  our  baptism  into  death, 
so  let  us  daily  die  to  sin,  mortify- 
ing and  killing  the  evil  motions 
thereof.  And  as  Christ  was  raised 
up  from  death  by  the  glory  of  the 
Father,  so  let  us  rise  to  a  new  life, 
and  walk  continually  therein." 

In  a  book  entitled,  "  Catechismus, 
that  is  to  say,  a  short  introduction 
into  christian  religion  for  the  syn- 
gular  commodite  and  prosyte  of 
childre  and  yong  people.  Set 
forth  by  the  inooste  reverende 
father  in  God,  Thomas,  Archbishop 
of  Canterbury,  Primate  of  all  Eng- 
land, and  Metropolitane.  Gaulte- 
rus  Lynne  excudebat,  1548  ;"  which 
was  the  first  liturgy  of  the  Pro- 
testant Church  of  England,  adopt- 
ed during  the  Reign  of  Edward  VI., 
says : 

"  What  greater  shame  can  there 
be,  than  a  man  to  professe  himself  to 
be  a  christen  man,  because  he  is 
baptized,  and  yet  he  knoweth  not 


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CYCLOPJEDIA. 


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219 


what  baptisme  is,  nor  what  strength 
the  same  hath,  nor  what  the  dip- 
ping in  the  Avater  doth  betoken.  .  . 
\\lien  God  is  added  and  joined  to 
the  water,  then  it  is  the  lullic  of 

regeneracion, .a  bathe  that 

washeth  our  soules  by  the  Holy 
Ghoste,  as  Sayncte  Panle  calleth 
it,  saying,  God  hath  saved  us 
thorowe  liys  mercye  by  the  hatlie 
ol'  regeneracion, lor  bap- 
tisme and  the  dyppynge  into  the 
water  doth  betoken,  that  the  old 
Adam,  with  all  his  synne  and  evel 
lustes  ought  to  be  drowned  and 
kylled  by  daily  contrition  and 
repentance."' 

The  Rubric  of  the  Church  of 
England  ordains  that  the  "  Priest 
dip  the  child,  unless  it  be  certified 
that  it  be  weakly."  Also  in  one  of 
the  Baptismal  Prayers,  God  is  thus 
addressed — "Almighty  Father  .  .  . . 
who  didst  sanctify  water  for  this 
use  hy  the  baptism  of  thy  icell  be- 
loved Son  IN  the  River  Jordan." 

The  Provincial  Councils  of  the 
English  Church,  while  it  was  sub- 
ject to  the  See  of  Rome,  ordained 
immersion,  a.  d.  1106,  York;  1200, 
London;  1217,  Salisbury;  1224, 
Worcester;  1287,  Exeter;  1306, 
Worcester,  and  the  first  Rubric  did 
not  ordain  adult  baptism  but  only 
— Infant  Trine  Immersion,  and  in 
the  Prayer-Book  preference  is  still 
given  to  dipping. 

As  to  other  positions  of  the 
Church  of  England,  they  will  be 
noticed  more  appropriately  else- 
where, touching  the  sacraments. 
Enough  is  here  quoted  to  show  it 
to  have  maintained,  enforced,  and 
preferred  immersion,  Avhile  it  ad- 
ministered the  rite  to  children  from 
the  beginning  of  Protestantism,  and 
from  the  beginning  of  Romanism, 
at  the  period  of  the  visit  of  Austin 


the  Monk  first  to  the  British  Isles, 
and  to  the  Baptists  who  had  been 
there  from  the  days  of  the  Ca;sars, 
or  at  least  as  early,  a.  d.  150,  were 
numerous,  and  exceedingly  so  in 
the  beginning  of  the  7th  century. 
But  of  this  in  its  place  under  the 
periods  to  which  each  sect  belongs 
in  our  History. 

EADES,  .Joseph,  an  English 
Baptist  Minister,  of  whom  nothing 
further  can  now  be  stated  except 
that  under  Hart-street  General 
Bapti.st  Church,  Westminster,  Eng- 
land, Walter  Wilson,  pp.  15-16, 
says :  "'  This  gentleman  is  intro- 
duced in  the  capacity  of  assistant 
to  Mr.  Smith,  which  office  he  sus- 
tained a  few  years.  His  name  oc- 
curs in  a  manuscript  list  of  Dis- 
senting Churches  in  London,  in  the 
year  1727,  and  which  is  now  before 
us.  In  the  year  172S,  or  near  upon 
that  time,  Mr.  Eades  removed  to 
take  charge  of  a  General  Baptist 
Society,  at  Saffrom  Walden,  in  Es- 
sex, where  he  continued  to  preach 
upwards  of  forty  years,  and  died 
greatly  respected,  November  26, 
1769.  He  was  a  worthy  and  pious 
man,  and  pos.sessed  respectable  tal- 
ents for  the  ministry."  He  is  not 
to  be  confounded  with  another 
person  of  the  same  name,  who 
preached  at  Ratclifi-highway,  and 
will  be  mentioned  in  his  proper 
place. 

EVANS,  Caleb.  An  English 
Baptist.  "  This  worthy  minister 
was  born  in  Bristol,  in  the  year 
1738;  being  the  son  of  the  Rev. 
Hugh  Evans,  a  minister  and  tutor 
among  the  Baptists  of  that  city. 
LTnder  the  care  and  instruction  of 
his  excellent  parent,  he  imbibed 
the  first  principles  of  learning  and 
religion.  At  a  proper  age  he  was 
sent  to  London,  and  placed  in  the 


220 


Ea 


HAYNES'  BAPTIST 


Ea 


Dissenting  Academy  at  Mile-End, 
under  Drs.  Walker,  Conder,  and 
Gibbons  ;  and  at  the  same  time  re- 
ceived a  member  of  Dr.  Stennett's 
Church  in  Little  Wild- street.  At 
the  close  of  his  studies,  he  preached 
for  about  two  years  as  assistant  to 
Mr.  Thompson,  in  Unicorn-yard, 
and  Dr.  Furneaux,  at  Clapham. 
At  the  earnest  request  of  the  con- 
gregation at  Broadmead,  Bristol,  he 
removed  thither  in  1759,  to  become 
colleague  with  his  father.  About 
eight  years  afterwards  he  was  or- 
dained co-pastor  ;  and  likewise  as- 
sisted in  the  academy.  In  order 
to  assist  and  extend  the  benefits 
of  this  institution,  he  planned  in 
1790,  "The  Bristol  Education  So- 
ciety ;"  and  upon  the  death  of  his 
father  in  1781,  was  appointed  to 
superintend  the  concerns  of  the 
academy ;  in  which  Rev.  James 
Newton,  minister  of  another  con- 
gregation in  the  same  city,  had 
been  sonre  years  before  appointed 
tutor.  His  good  sense  and  piety, 
his  acquaintance  with  men  and 
things,  and  the  knowledge  he  ac- 
quired by  diligent  study  and  read- 
ing, all  happily  qualified  him  for 
this  important  office.  The  improve- 
ment of  his  pupils  in  useful  liter- 
ature, particularly  in  those  branch- 
es of  it  which  with  the  blessing  of 
God  might  render  them  acceptable 
preachers,  was  what  he  earnestly 
desired ;  and  his  incessant  labors 
to  that  end  were  crowned  with 
no  small  success.  The  perfect 
harmony  which  subsisted  between 
the  different  tntors,  reflected  no 
small  honor  on  them  all,  whilst  it 
contribnted  greatly  to  the  success 
of  the  institution.  In  IV 89,  the 
University  of  Aberdeen  conferred 
upon  him  the  degree  of  Doctor  in 
Divinity.    The  natural  and  acquir- 


ed abilities  of  Dr.  Evans,  combined 
with  the  amiable  qualities  of  his 
mind,  fitted  him  in  an  eminent  de- 
gree for  the  stations  of  public  use- 
fulness which  he  was  called  to  fill. 
As  a  pastor,  he  was  faithful,  labo- 
rious, and  affectionate.  His  preach- 
ing was  evangelical,  experimental, 
and  practical ;  his  manner  of  ad  - 
dress  grave,  but  not  formal ;  animat- 
ing and  commanding ;  but  neither 
afl'ected  nor  assuming.  Over  the  af- 
fairs of  the  church,  he  presided 
with  prudence,  candor,  and  steadi- 
ness. But  his  labors  were  not  con- 
fined to  ministerial  duties.  He 
published  many  occasional  sermons 
and  tracts  in  defence  of  the  lead- 
ing truths  of  the  christian  religion, 
particularly  the  doctrine  of  the 
atonement,  which  he  made  the 
grand  topic  of  his  ministry.  His 
zeal  he  tempered  with  christian 
charity,  and  understood  well  tlie 
right  of  pi'ivate  judgment.  Sensible 
of  the  weakness  of  the  human  in- 
tellect, and  of  the  difficulties  felt 
by  many  upright  minds  with  re- 
gard to  certain  doctrines,  he  was 
disposed  to  make  every  allowance 
for  the  disagreement  of  christians, 
and  cordially  embraced  all  who 
loved  our  Lord  Jesus  Christ  in 
sincerity.  He  was  a  warm  advo- 
cate for  civil  and  religious  liberty, 
and  greatly  rejoiced  at  the  increase 
of  both.  Whilst  he  adorned  his 
profession  as  a  minister  and  a  chris- 
tian, his  general  character  was 
held  among  all  ranks  of  men  in  the 
highest  respect  for  probity,  honor, 
and  benevolence.  The  numerous 
schemes  of  public  usefulness  devis- 
ed and  executed  by  Dr.  Evans, 
evince  both  the  activity  and  be- 
nevolence of  his  disposition.  At 
Broadmead,  Down-end,  and  Man- 
gotsfield,  near  Bristol,  he   caused 


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CYCLOPAEDIA. 


Ea 


221 


Schools  to  be  erected  for  the  in- 
struction and  clothing  of  destitute 
children ;  and  he  reared  places  i'or 
public  worship  at  Down-End, 
Thornbury,  and  other  neighboring 
villages.  For  the  support  of  all 
these  he  labored  with  grccit  zeal 
and  activity,  and  failed  not  him- 
self to  set  an  example  of  liberality. 
Hospitality  flourished  in  his  own 
house,  and  his  assistance  to  works 
of  charity,  was  cheerfully  af- 
forded. Many  long  and  weary 
journies  he  undertook  for  the  pur- 
pose, in  concurrence  with  his  breth- 
ren, in  forwarding  the  cause  of 
truth  and  godliness.  In  the  inter- 
val between  his  first  paralytic 
seizure  and  that  which  put  a  pe- 
riod to  his  life,  he  had  the  posses- 
sion of  his  reason,  although  a  gen- 
eral languor  prevailed  over  his 
frame.  During  this  period  his 
mind  was  calm,  and  he  expressed 
a  patient  acquiescence  in  the  will 
of  God.  The  cordial  and  tender 
manner  in  which  he  often  expressed 
his  forgiveness  of  the  injuries  he 
had  received,  made  a  deep  impres- 
sion upon  the  hearts  of  those  who 
attended  him.  After  his  recovery 
from  the  first  shock,  hopes  were 
entertained  of  the  re-establishment 
of  his  health  ;  but  a  second  attack 
in  the  course  of  about  two  months, 
and  which  left  him  in  a  state  of 
insensibility  for  two  days,  put  a 
period  to  his  life  on  the  9th  of 
August,  1791,  in  the  54th  year  of 
his  age.  An  excellent  discourse 
preached  upon  this  occasion  to  his 
congregation  at  Broad  mead,  by  Dr. 
Stennett,  was  afterwards  published, 
together  with  an  address  at  his 
interment,  by  the  Rev.  John  Tom- 
mas,  minister  of  the  Pithay  meet- 
ing in  the  same  city."  It  must  be 
grateful  to  the  heart  of  every  Bap- 


tist to  receive  such  a  memoir  of  a 
departed  brother,  as  a  tribute  of 
respect  from  a  Psedobaptist,  and  it 
is  no  less  creditable  to  its  autiior, 
Walter  Wilson.  In  his  Hist.  Dis- 
sent. Churches,  vol.  4,  pp.  2:36-239, 
he  adds  the  following  list  of  his 

WORKS. 

1.  Sermons  on  the  Scripture  Doc- 
trines of  the  Son  and  Holy  Spirit, 
1766,  12mo.  2.  A  Collection  of 
Hymns  adapted  to  Public  Worship, 
1769,  12mo.  3.  An  Address  to  the 
serious  and  candid  Professors  of 
Chri-stianity,  1772, .12mo.  4.  Christ 
Crucified ;  or,  the  Scripture  Doc- 
trine of  the  Atonement ;  in  four 
discourses  upon  that  subject,  1789, 
12  mo.  5.  Seventeen  occasional 
Sermons,  viz  :  Funeral  Sermons  ; 
Sermons  at  the  Ordination  of  Min- 
isters ;  On  the  Fifth  of  November; 
and  other  Public  Occasions.  6. 
Tracts  ;  Association  Letters  ;  and 
other  fugitive  Pieces."'  The  Bib- 
liotheca  Britannica  gives  the  fol- 
lowing catalogue,  and  dates  his 
birth  a  year  earlier,  1737.  1.  Ser- 
mons on  the  Scripture  Doctrine 
of  the  Son  and  the  Holy  Spirit, 
1766,  12mo.  2.  Against  an  attack 
on  the   Trinity,  by  one  Williams. 

3.  A  Collection  of  Hymns  adapted 
to    Public    Worship,    1769,    12mo. 

4.  Sermon  on  Psalm,  xxvii.  13, 
1771,  8vo.  5.  An  Address  to  se- 
rious and  candid  Professors  of 
Christianity,  5th  Ed.  1772,  12mo. 
6.  Sermon  on  3  John,  xi.  1773, 
8vo.  7.  On  Tim.  ix.  5,  1673,  8vo. 
8.  On  Eph.  X.  16,  1774,  8vo.  9. 
On  Gal.  V.  13,  1775,  8vo.  10.  A 
Funeral  Sermon,  Brist.  1776,  8vo. 
11.  Letter  to  Rev.  John  Worley, 
Lond.  1775,  12mo.  12.  A  Reply- 
to  Mr.  Fletcher's  Vindication  of 
Mr.  Wesley's  Calm  Address,  Lond. 
1775,  12mo.     13.  Political  Sophis- 


try  Detected.  Lond.  1776,  8vo.  14. 
Sermon,  Lond.  1784,  8vo.  15.  On 
Psalm  Ixxiii.  26,  1776,  8vo.  16. 
Ou  2  Sam.  iii.  38,  1776.  17.  On 
Heb.  X.  32,  1778,  8vo.  18.  On 
Providence,  xiv.  32,  1780,  8vo.  19. 
A  Fnneral  Sermon  on  2  Kings,  ii. 
12,  Brist.  1787.  20.  Sermon,  Loud. 
1789,  12mo.  21.  The  Faithful 
Servant  Crowned  ;  preached  April 
13th,  at  the  interment  of  the  late 
Rev,  James  Newton,  M.  A.,  together 
with  the  funeral  oration  at  the 
grave  of  John  Tommas,  Lond.  1791, 
16mo.  22.  The  Deceitfulness  of 
Sin ;  a  sermon  addressed  to  young 
people,  Lond.  1792,^  8vo.  23. 
Seventeen  occasional  Sermons,  and 
a  few  Tracts  of  fugitive  subjects." 
He  died  1791. 

EVANS,  Hugh,  M.  A.,  father 
of  the  above  Caleb  Evans.  He 
was  a  Baptist  minister  and  tutor 
at  Bristol,  England,  and  author  of 
— 1.  Sermon  on  Phil.  ii.  29,  1773, 
8vo.  2.  On  Col.  iv.  17,  1773,  8vo. 
3.  On  2  Cor.  iii.  6,  1773,  8vo.  4. 
On  Zach.  i.  5,  1773,  8vo.  5.  On 
1  Thess.  ii.  19,  1781,  8vo.  Bib. 
Brit.  In  another  place  this  em- 
inently good  man  will  be  further 
noticed. 

EVANS,  John,  M.  A.,  an  English 
General  Baptist,  author  of — 1.  An 
Address  designed  to  promote  a  re- 
vival among  the  General  Baptists, 
1793,  12mo.  2.  Juvenile  Pieces 
designed  for  youth  of  both  sexes, 
5th  Ed.  1793,  12mo.  3.  A  Brief 
Sketch  of  the  Different  Denomina- 
tions into  which  the  Christian 
World  is  Divided.  Lond.  1794, 
12mo.  1801,  12mo.  12th  Ed.  1811. 
New  Ed.  1815.  4.  A  Sequel  to 
the  Sketch,  1796,  12mo.  1801,  4th 
Ed.  1806.  5.  A  Funeral  Sermon, 
Lond.  1795,  8vo.  6.  A  Funeral 
Sermon,  Lond.  1796,  8vo.     7.  An 


Apology  for  Human  Nature,  by  the 
late  Charles  Bulkley  ;  with  a  Pre- 
fatory Address,  1797,  12mo.  8. 
An  attempt  to  account  for  the  infi- 
delity of  the  late  Mr.  Gibbon ; 
founded  on  his  own  memoirs,  1797, 
8vo.  9.  Sermon,  Lond.  1798,  8vo. 
10.  Moral  Reflections,  suggested 
by  a  view  of  London  from  the 
Monument,  1798,  12mo.  11.  On 
the  Education  of  Youth,  5th  Ed. 
1798,  8vo.  12.  An  Epitome  of 
Geography,  1801.  2d  Ed.  1802. 
13.  An  Address  to  Young  People 
on  the  Importance  of  Religion, 
1801,  12mo.  14.  The  name  of  the 
Lord  great  among  the  Gentiles ;  a 
Sermon,  Lond.  1801,  8vo.  15.  Ser- 
mon on  the  Peace  of  Amiens,  2d 
Ed.  1802,  8vo.  16.  Sermon  on  the 
Threatened  Invasion,  1803-1816. 
17.  The  Juvenile  Tourist;  or.  Ex- 
cursions through  various  parts  of 
Great  Britain,  Lond.  1803,  8vo. 
1805,  12mo.  18.  The  unhappy 
effects  of  Enthusiasm  and  Super- 
stition;  a  Sermon,  1804,  8vo.  19. 
The  Destruction  of  the  Combined 
Fleets  of  France  and  Spain  ;  a  Ser- 
mon on  the  Victory  of  Trafalgar, 
1805,  8vo.  20.  Picture  of  Wor- 
thing, 1805,  12mo.  21.  The  Poetic 
Garlands ;  or,  Beatitudes  of  Mod- 
ern Poetry,  1807,  12mo.  22.  A 
Sermon  at  the  opening  of  a  new 
place  of  worship,  Cranbrook,  1808, 
8vo.  23.  A  Sermon  on  the  Lan- 
casterian  System  of  Educating 
the  Poor,  1808,  8vo.  24.  An  Ad- 
dress on  the  Baptism  of  Isaac  Lit- 
tleton, a  converted  Jew,  1808,  8vo. 
25.  Importance  of  Educating  the 
Poor ;  a  Sermon  on  behalf  of  the 
Royal  Free  School  in  Canterbury, 
Lond.  1809,  8vo.  26.  A  Letter  to 
Robert  Hawker,  D.  D.,  suggested 
by  his  Defence  of  the  London  Fe- 
male   Penitentiary,    Lond.    1809, 


Ea 


CYCLOPEDIA. 


Ee 


223 


8vo.      27.    A   New   Geographical 

Grammar,  1809,  2  vols.  8vo.  28. 
General  lledemption  the  only  pro- 
per basis  of  General  Beneficence, 
Lond.  1809,  8vo.  .  29.  The  Jubilee 
rendered  a  source  of  religious  im- 
provement ;  a  Sermon,   1809,  8vo. 

30.  A  Sermon  on  the  interment  of 
Stephen  Lodwell,  Esq.  1809,  8vo. 

31.  A  Sermon  on  the  death  of  Prin- 
cess Amelia,  1810,  Svo.  32.  Re- 
ligious Liberty  the  Oifspring  of 
Christianity ;  a  Sermon  on  the 
ejection  of  Lord  Sidmouth's  Bill. 
1811,  Svo.  33.  The  Christian 
Minister's  Retrospect ;  a  Sermon, 
1811,  8vo.  34.  The  Superior  Glo- 
ry of  the  Second  Temple ;  a  Ser- 
mon, 1812,  8vo.  35.  Protestantism 
illustrated  in  two  letters  from  a 
Roman  Catliolic  Priest ;  with  re- 
marks, 2d  Ed.  1812,  Svo.  36.  A 
Funeral  Sermon,  1812,  8vo.  37. 
A  Funeral  Sermon,  1813,  8vo. 
38.  Complete  Religious  Liberty 
Vindicated,  in  a  letter  respecting 
the  Petition  for  the  abolition  of  all 
the  Penal  Statutes  in  Matters  of 
Religion,  2d  Ed.  1813,  8vo.  39. 
Peace  and  Persecution  incompati- 
ble with  each  other;  an  Address 
on  tlie  Persecution  in  South  France, 
Lond.  1813.  40.  Sermon  on  Peace, 
Lond.  1814,  Svo.  41.  A  Preserva- 
tive against  the  Lifidelity  and  Un- 
charitableness  of  the  18th  Century, 
Lond.  12mo.  42.  Flowers  ol' Poetry, 
24mo.  43.  The  Prosaic  Garland, 
24mo.  44.  Mr.  Evans  also  edited 
Dr.  Young's  True  Estimate  of 
Human  Life ;  with  a  Life  of  the 
Author,  4th  Ed.  12mo.  45.  Also, 
Mrs.  Brock's  Dialogues  between  a 
Lady  and  her  Pupils;  Describing 
a  Journey  through  England  and 
Wales,  3d  Ed.  enlarged,  li!mo. 
46.  Crosby's  Christian  Lady's  Pock- 
et-Book,  which   appears  annually. 


Bib.  Brit.  Have  Baptists  no 
authors  ?  A  copy  of  each  of  Evans' 
works  alone  would  be  no  mean 
library. 

EVANS,  CuRisMAS.  Of  this  dis- 
tinguished Welsh  Baptist  Minister, 
whose  eloqi^ence  made  him  a  .star 
of  tiie  lirst  magnitude  in  the  Brit- 
ish Empire  as  a  Christian  Evange- 
list, we  can  only  refer  the  reader 
to  sketches  of  his  Sermons  publish- 
ed first  in  Welsh  and  republished  in 
Pittsburgh,  Pa.,  1S37,  by  Rev.  Mr. 
Davis,  translator  of  the  History  of 
the  Welsh  Baptists.  Our  succint 
memoir  of  him  is  lost.  He  will 
elsewhere  be  noticed. 

ERBERY,  William.  For  a  no- 
tice of  him  see  Davis'  History  of 
the  Welsh  Baptists,  p.  -26.  He 
was  author  of — 1.  Nor  Truth  nor 
Errour,  nor  Day  nor  Night,  but  in 
the  Evening  there  shall  be  Light, 
Zach.  xiv.  6,  7  ;  being  the  relation 
of  a  Public  Discourse  between  Mas- 
ter Cheynel  and  Master  Erbery, 
Lond.  1627,  4to.  2.  The  Lord  of 
Hosts  ;  or,  God  guarding  the  Camp 
of  the  Saints  and  the  beloved  City, 
Rev.  XX.  9,  Lond.  164S,  4to.  3. 
The  Grand  Oppressor ;  or,  the  Ter- 
ror of  Tithes  felt,  and  now  confest, 
Lond.  1652,  4to.  4.  The  Scourge 
of  the  Assyrian,  Lond.  1652,  4to. 
5.  The  Sword  doubled  to  cut  off 
both  the  Righteous  and  the  Wick- 
ed, Lond.  1652,  4to.  6.  The  Bishop 
of  London  ;  or  an  Episcopal  Spirit 
risen  and  appearing  at  Loudon 
House,  Lond.  1652.  7.  A  Call  to 
Churches  ;  or,  a  Packet  of  Letters 
to  the  Pastors  of  Wales,  presented 
to  the  Baptist  Teachers  there,  Lond. 
1653,  Svo.  8.  A  Monstrous  Dis- 
pute ;  or,  the  language  of  the  Beast, 
Lond.  1653,  4to.  9.  Ministers  for 
Tithes,  Lond.  1653,  4to.  10.  The 
Madman's  Plea;  or,  a  Sober  De- 


224 


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HAYHES'  BAPTIST 


Ee 


fence  of  Capt.  Chillinton's  Ciiurch, 
Lond.  1653,  4to.  11.  The  Babe 
of  Glory  breaking  for  him  the  brok- 
en flesh  of  the  Saints,  Lond.  1653, 
4to.  12.  The  North  Star;  or,  Some 
Night  Light  Shining  in  North 
Wales,  Lond.  1653,  4to.  13.  An 
Olive  Leaf;  also,  the  Reign  of 
Christ  and  his  Saints  with  him  on 
Earth  a  thousand  Years  and  one 
Day,  and  the  Day  at  hand,  Lond. 
1654,  4to.  14.  Jack  Pudding;  or, 
a  Minister  made  a  Black  Pucldiug, 
Lond.  1654,  4to.  15.  The  Great 
Earthquake,  Rev.  xxi.  18  ;  or,  Fall 
of  all  Churches,  Lond.  1654,  4to. 
Bib.  Brit. 

ELDERFIELD,  Christian,  M. 
A.,  known  only  as  author  of — 1. 
The  Civil  Right  of  Tythes,  Lond. 
1650,  4to.  2.  Disquisitions  con- 
cerning Regeneration  and  Baptism, 
Lond.  1653,  4to.  A  Psedobaptist 
Churchman.     Bib.  Brit. 

EXELL,  Joshua.  Known  only 
as  author  ot^ — A  Serious  Enquiry 
into  Lifant  Baptism,  showing  by 
plain  Scripture  proof,  that  John 
Baptist  did  as  certainly  baptize 
ini'a)its  as  adults,  Lond.  1693,  4to. 
Bib.  Brit. 

EVE,  George.  For  his  memoir 
see  Taylor's  Lives  of  Virginia  Bap- 
tist Ministers,  p.  208. 

EWER,  Samuel,  a  generous 
worthy  man  of  great  piety  and 
learning ;  he  was  pastor  of  the 
Baptist  congregation  at  Hemp- 
stead in  Hertfordshire,  England, 
and  well  beloved  and  respected  by 
his  people.  He  was,  says  Mr.  Pig- 
gott,  Works,  p.  416,  justly  esteemed 
by  all  men  of  probity  and  good 
sense,  who  had  the  advantage  of 
his  acquaintance.  For  if  one  con- 
sider the  Rev.  Mr.  Ewer,  in  any 
relation  while  living,  he  was  very 
desirable.      He  has  distinguished 


himself  for  several  years,  as  an  ex- 
amphiry  christian,  whose  piety  to- 
wards God,  and  aflability  towards 
men,  have  recommeniled  him  to 
the  esteem  and  approbation  of  all; 
being  an  example  to  the  believers 
in  word,  in  conversation,  in  charity, 
in  spirit,  in  faith,  in  purity.  He 
had  a  prudent  and  regular  zeal  for 
the  glory  of  God,  and  the  salvation 
of  souls.  He  ever  expressed  a  just 
indignation  against  sin,  and  press- 
ed after  the  highest  degrees  of  ho- 
liness. He  kept  clear  irom  the  ex- 
tremes of  superstition  and  enthusi- 
asm, believing  that  substantial  re- 
ligion did  consist  in  a  conforming 
to  the  moral  perfections  of  the 
Godhead.  His  moderation  was 
remarkable  and  extensive ;  he  fol- 
lowed the  things  which  made  for 
peace,  and  diffused  the  grateful 
odors  of  charity  wherever  he 
came.  He  was  patient  and  sub- 
missive under  the  various  trials 
and  attiictions  to  which  he  was 
exposed  thro'  the  coui'se  of  his  life. 
It  was  not  the  prospect  of  outward 
gain,  but  the  love  of  .souls,  that 
engaged  him  in  the  ministerial 
work.  He  did  forego  that  which 
he  might  have  demanded,  viz. :  a 
maintainance  ibr  himself  and  fami- 
ly ;  yet  he  always  generously  gave 
his  labors  to  his  church,  and  not- 
withstanding, took  not  the  less 
pains  in  the  promoting  of  their  sal- 
vation. But  he  studied  diligently 
to  show  himself  approved,  a  work- 
man who  needed  not  to  be  asliamed, 
rightly  dividing  the  word  of  truth. 
And  constantly  in  the  course  of  his 
ministry,  he  did  insist  upon  the 
great  and  substantial  truths  con- 
tained in  the  christian  revelation. 
The  time  of  his  death  I  did  not 
find  ;  but  his  indisposition  was  but 
short,    for   he  was  well  and   dead 


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CYCLOPiEDIA. 


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225 


within  the  compass  of  seven  days. 
His  funeral  sermon  was  preached 
by  Mr.  Piggot,  Dec.  24,  1708. 

Mr.  Ewer  was  autlior  of — A  Re- 
ply to  Edward  Hitchins'  Work, 
entitled,  The  Infant  Cause  Plead- 
ed, Cleared,  and  Vindicated,  1704. 
This  is  an  able  work.  Crosby,  vol. 
4,  pp.  314-319.     Beii.  p.  160. 

ECCLES,  John.  An  English 
Baptist.  "  He  was  pastor  of  a  con- 
gregation at  Broniisgrove,  in  the 
county  of  Worcester;  and  preached 
the  gospel  there  and  at  Coventry, 
near  sixty  years.  He  suffered  much 
for  his  nonconformity ;  was  taken 
preaching,  and  greatly  abused,  and 
put  into  a  dungeon  in  Worcester 
gaol.  But  God  raised  him  up  a 
friend,  Mr.  Swift,  one  of  the  mem- 
bers of  Parliament  for  the  county 
of  Worcester,  who  became  bound 
for  him  in  a  bond  of  one  thousand 
pounds,  and  so  procured  his  liberty. 
He  was  a  man  of  worth,  and  given 
much  to  hospitality ;  but  having  a 
large  family  and  sufiering  much 
persecution,  he  was  in  the  end 
reduced  to  great  poverty;  which 
he  bore  in  a  cheerful  manner.  The 
latter  part  of  his  life  was  spent  at 
Coventry,  where  he  died  January 
26,  anno  1711,  in  the  76th  year  of 
his  age."     Crosby,  vol  3,  p.  118. 

ERSKINE,  John,  D.D.,  an  emi- 
nent divine  of  the  Church  of  Scot- 
land, was  born  1721 ;  died  1803. 
Of  his  numerous  and  some  valuable 
works,  one  entitled,  Theological 
Dissertations,  1766,  12mo,  may  be 
quoted.  On  p.  8,  he  says :  "  The 
Sinai  Covenant  was  made,  not  only 
with  those  who  came  out  of  Egypt, 
but  with  all  succeeding  generations 
that  were  to  spring  from  them. 
Descent  from  Israel  gave  any  one 
a  right  to  the  benefits  of  this  cov- 
enant ;  for  which  reason,  the  chil- 


dren even  of  unregenerate  Israelites 
were  circumcised  the  eighth  day, 
and  were  said  to  be  born  unto  God, 
Ezek.  xxi.  20."  Upon  which  it 
may  be  observed  that  want  of  cir- 
cumcision was  a  crime  to  which 
the  penalty  of  excommunication 
was  annexed  invariably  by  Gen. 
xvii. ;  and  further,  that  it  typified 
spiritual  regeneration,  for  ignorance 
of  which  fact  Christ  reproached 
Nicodemus ;  and  John  in  the  begin- 
ning of  his  gospel,  chapter  i.  13, 
insists  upon  this  distinctive  fact, 
truth  and  doctrine  emphatically, 
and  so  as  to  preclude  mistake  in 
his  meaning,  if  sought  without  pre- 
conceived false  principles  of  expo- 
sition. In  pp.  78-80,  Dr.  Erskine 
says  curiously,  "  That  it  (Baptism,) 
came  in  the  place  of  circumcision, 
I  allow."  (No — the  circumcision 
of  the  heart  came  in  the  room 
of  the  circumcision  of  the  flesh,) 
"  in  so  far  as  circumcision  was 
a  seal  to  real  saints."  (To  no  other 
person  but  Saint  Abraham)  "  of 
the  righteousness  of  faith ;"  (whose  ? 
Abraham's  and  his  only,)  "  not  in 
so  far  as  it  sealed  external  privi- 
leges to  all  Jews,  and  was  a  badge 
of  distinction  between  them  and 
other  nations.  Baptism  has  none 
of  these  properties  which  rendered 
circumcision  a  fit  sign  and  seal  of 
an  external  covenant.  Circumci- 
sion impressed  an  abiding  mark; 
was  the  characteristic  of  J  udaism  ; 
belonged  to  all  Jews,  however  dif- 
fering in  opinion  or  practice ;  and 
those  born  of  a  Jew,  even  when  come 
to  age,  were  entitled  to  it.  Whereas, 
baptism  impresses  no  abiding  mark. 
A  profession  and  suitable  practit"^ 
not  baptism,  is  the  characteristic  of 
Christianity."  AVe  cannot  omit 
the  occasion  to  quote  Christ's  words 
I  in   opposition    to    both    positions. 


226 


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HAYNES'  BAPTIST 


Ei 


"  By  this,"  said  Christ,  by  what  ? 
"  By  this  shall  all  men  know  that 
ye  are  iny  disciples,  if  ye  have  love 
one  to  another."  Not  by  cir- 
cumcision, or  baptism,  or  prolession, 
or  practice,  or  anything  else,  but  by 
brotherly  love.  "  And  persons 
come  to  age,  have  no  just  title  to 
baptism,"  (nor  have  any  irrespective 
of  age,)  "  till  they  believe  and  re- 
pent; and  therefore  are  not  bap- 
tized, unless  their  opinions  and 
practices  appear  agreeable  to  the 
gospel ;  their  credible  professio)i, 
and  not  their  descent,  founding 
their  claim  to  that  privilege.  The 
proof  of  this  is  extrenaely  obvious. 
John's  baptism  was  termed  the 
h&^ihm.  of  repentance,  and  baptism 
to  repentance  ;  because  he  required 
of  all  whom  he  admitted  to  bap- 
tism, a  profession  of  repentance, 
and  exhorted  them  to  such  conduct 
as  would  demonstrate  their  repent- 
ance genuine.  Peter  demanded 
repentance  of  his  hearers  in  order 
to  baptism ;  and  only  they  that 
gladly  received  his  word  were  bap- 
tized. And  Philip  acquaints  the 
Eunuch,  if  thou  believe  with  thy 
whole  heart  thou  mayest  be  bap- 
tized. Well,  therefore,  does  Paul 
join  together  the  tvashing  of  water, 
and  the  renewing  of  the  Holy 
Ghost,  as  things  which  should  never 
be  sejjarated.  And  lor  the  same 
reason  Peter  informs  us  that  bap- 
tism is  of  no  avail  unless  attended 
with  the  answer  of  a  good  con- 
science,"  i.  e.,  "  a  sincere  and  cordial 
acceptance  of  the  gospel."  Baptism 
is  the  answer  which  a  conscience 
made  previously  good  seeks  and 
finds.  It  is  not  the  means  of  a 
good  conscience  but  the  answer 
to  it.  We  omit  the  passages 
cited  from  Acts,  Matt.,  Tit.,  and  Pet. 
On  p.  82,  he  says:   "  I  have  fully 


shewn,  that  the  seals  of  the  cove- 
nant are  under  the  Neiu  Testament, 
peculiar  to  the  imvardli/  jnous.'" 
We  should  have  quoted  him  above 
from  p.  9,  where  he  says :  "  When 
God  promised  the  land  of  Canaan 
to  Abraham  and  his  seed,  circum- 
cision was  instituted  for  ;/«'s,  among 
other  purposes,  to  show  that  de- 
scent from  Abraham  was  the  foun- 
dation of  his  posterity's  right  to 
those  blessings." 

ELLIS,  John,  Jun.,  author  of — 
1.  The  sole  path  to  a  Sound  Peace, 
recommended  in  a  Sermon,  Lond. 
1643,  4to.  2.  VindicisB  Catholicse; 
or,  the  Rights  of  particular  Church- 
es rescued  against  the  notion  of 
one  particular  Church,  Lond.  1647, 
4to.  3.  A  Debate  concerning  Bap- 
tism, Lond.  1659,  8vo.  4.  Retrac- 
tions and  Repentings;  in  reference 
to  the  late  ecclesiastical  changes 
in  this  nation,  Lond.  1662.  Bib. 
Brit.  Of  him  we  know  no  more.  He 
is  to  be  distinguished  i'rom  several 
others  of  the  same  name  by  com- 
paring the  titles  of  their  works. 

ELLISON,  James.  See  Tay- 
lor's Lives  of  Virginia  Baptist 
Ministers,  for  his  biography. 

ELLISON,  Seacome.  His  name 
is  connected  with  a  work  as  fol- 
lows, entitled  ;  "  Rhantism  against 
Baptism.  Truth  defended  in  a 
supposed  trial  between  infant  af- 
fusion and  believers'  baptism,  sec- 
ond edition,  remodeled,  condensed, 
and  revised  ;  to  which  is  appended 
a  letter  to  Joseph  Gurney,  Esq.,  on 
Baptism  and  the  Lord's  Supper. 
Second  Edition,  revised  and  cor- 
rected by  Seacome  Ellison,  Lond. 
1836,  Svo.  p.  400.    Ben.  p.  198. 

EMLIN,  is  mentioned  by  Bene- 
dict, p.  206,  simply  in  a  list  of 
British  Baptist  authors.  See  Emlyn 
in  its  place. 


El 


CYCLOPEDIA. 


Eo-u-Y 


227 


ELLIOT,  Richard,  or  John,  A.  B. 
Sometime  of  Benet  College,  Cam- 
bridge, England,  a  native  of  Kings- 
bridge,  Devon;  died  1788.  Among 
his  latest  works  was  one,  entitled, 
"  Dipping  not  Baptizing ;  or,  the 
snhject,  mode,  and  importance  of 
Water-Baptism  according  to  the 
Scriptures,  Lond.  1788,  8vo.  Bib. 
Brit.  He  was,  notwithstanding, 
author  of  many  valuable  and  evan- 
gelical works. 

ELTRINGHAM,  AVilliam.  An 
English  author  of — 1.  The  Baptist 
against  the  Baptist;  or,  a  display 
of  Antipaedobaptist  Self-Inconsis- 
tency ;  in  answer  to  several  letters 
from  a  Baptist  brother.  To  which 
is  added,  a  reply  to  a  letter  subscrib- 
ed J.  W.  Written  by  way  of  reproof 
to  me,  and  in  defence  of  Dr.*  Gill, 
Lond.  1756,  8vo.  2.  Remarks  on 
a  Pamphlet  entitled.  The  Baptists 
Vindicated,  &c.,  Lond.  1757,  8vo. 
Bib.  Brit.    A  PcEclobaptist. 

ESTIUS,  William,  a  Roman 
Catholic  Divine,  born  at  Gor- 
cum,  Holland,  about  1542  ;  died  at 
Douay,  1613.  He  wrote  in  Latin, 
French  and  English.  We  quote 
him  only  as  a  commentator  highly 
prized  by  the  Catholics.  He  says, 
"  The  Apostle  in  Rom.  vi.  4,  al- 
ludes to  the  rite  of  immersion, 
when  the  body  is,  as  it  were,  bur- 
ied, and  in  a  little  while  drawn 
out  again  as  from  a  sepulchre." 
Again  :  "  Though  the  ceremony  of 
immersion  was  anciently  more  com- 
mon, as  appears  from  the  unani- 
mous language  of  the  Fathers,  as 
often  as  they  speak  about  baptism  ; 
and  in  a  more  expressive  manner 
represents  the  death,  burial,  and 
resurrection  of  our  Lord,  and  of  us; 
whence  St.  Thomas  affirms,  that 
the  rite  of  dipping  is  more  com- 
mendable;    yet    there    have   been 


,  many  reasons   for   which   it   was 
sometimes  convenient,  to  alter  iin- 
inersion   into   some   other   kindred 
ceremony.     Hence,  therefore,    the 
j  ceremony  o(  pouring  as  a  medium 
between    dipping  and    sprinkling, 
:was   much    used;    which   custom,  i 
^  Bonaventure  saith,  was  in  his  time 
much    observed    in    the     French 
;  Churches  and  some  others  ;  though 
he  confesses,  that  the  ceremony  of 
!  immersion  was  the  more  common, 
jthe  'inore  Jit,   and  the  more  safe, 
as   St.  Thomas  teaches."     And  in 
I  Gen.  xvii.  7,  he  says  :  "  From  this 
j  passage  Calvin  infers,  that  because 
a  person  is  the  sf«/ of  Abraham,  the 
promise  which  was  made  to  Abra- 
ham belongs  to  him.     But  the  an- 
swer is  plain:  For  that  promise  be- 
ing understood  of  .s;^^i/77(/a/bles';ings, 
does  not  belong  to  the  carnal  but 
\ spiritual  seed   of  Abraham,   even 
jas  the   Apostle  himself  interprets 
it,   Rom.   iv.  and   ix.     For  if  you 
'  understand    the    carnal  seed,  that 
'  promise  will  not  belong  to  any  of 
the    Gentiles ;  but   only   to   those 
persons  that  are  begotten  of  Abra- 
ham  and  Isaac,  according  to  the 
flesh."  See  Bib.  Brit.  Pool,  Knatch- 
buU,  Toinbes,  Booth,  &c. 

ELY,  Thomas.  Of  this  person, 
says  Walter  Wilson,  Crosby  has 
related  the  following  particulars  : 
"In  the  year  1716,  one  Thomas 
Ely,  a  Baj)tist  minister,  conformed 
to  the  Church  of  England,  and 
was  ordained  by  tlie  bishop  of 
London.  He  had  been  a  very 
troublesome  man,  and  guilty  of  sev- 
eral disorders  ;  one  while  profess- 
ing the  Arminian  or  Remon- 
strants' scheme,  another  while  a 
Calvinist;  and  while  he  was  a 
Baptist  minister,  stood  god-father 
to  the  child  of  a  rich  relation,  from 
whom  he  had  some  expectations. 


228 


Eo-u-Y 


HAYNES'  BAPTIST 


Eo-u-Y 


When  he  was  accused  of  this  he 
denied  the  fact,  though  the  clergy- 
man, the  midwife,  and  the  nurse 
testified  the  fact.  He  was  first  a 
member  of  Mr.  Gimmit's  congrega- 
tion in  Moorfields,  but  not  meeting 
with  that  encouragement  there 
which  he  expected,  he  removed  to 
the  churcli  of  which  Mr.  Douglas 
was  pastor,  where  he  was  also  dis- 
appointed, and  after  some  time 
brought  uiuler  the  censure  of  the 
church  for  lying.  After  this,  upon 
Mr.  Piggott's  decease,  he  endeavor- 
ed to  procure  himself  chosen  elder 
of  that  congregation,  but  not  suc- 
ceeding in  this,  he  caused  a  divi- 
sion in  the  church,  and  set  up  a 
meeting  at  a  little  distance,  with 
such  persons  whom  he  had  pre- 
vailed upon  by  his  preaching  and 
insinuating  conversation.  When 
he  wanted  to  be  ordained  elder  of 
this  small  number,  he  first  applied 
himself  to  the  Calvinist  ministers 
to  do  it ;  they  refusing,  he  next 
attempted  to  prevail  on  the  Ar- 
minian  elders  to  grant  it  to  him ; 
but  none  of  the  ministers  in  Lon- 
don would  be  concerned  in  it.  At 
last  he  persuaded  two  or  three 
country  ministers,  who  came  out 
of  Buckinghamshire  to  do  it.  But 
in  about  a  years'  time,  finding  that 
his  number  did  not  increase  much, 
and  that  there  was  no  great  gain 
to  be  made  in  this  way,  he  was 
resolved  to  try  his  fortune  in  the 
established  church ;  and  upon  ap- 
plication to  the  bishop  of  London 
was  admitted  into  orders,  and  found 
it  easier  to  get  an  ordination  in  that 
church,  than  among  the  despised 
Baptists."  Thus  far  Crosby.  Be- 
fore his  conformity,  Mr.  Ely  pub- 
lished three  single  sermons.  L  On 
a  Thanksgiving  occasion,  preached 
at  Goodman's-fields,  Nov.  5,  1711, 


2.  "'Israel's  Guardian,"  on  a  similar 
occasion,  preached    Nov.   5,    1714. 

3.  The  Eternal  Building ;  or,  the 
Saint's  Assurance  of  Happiness, 
preached  at  Glasshouse-street,  Aug. 
21,  171-5,  on  the  death  of  Mrs. 
Elizabeth  Auchmuty,  late  wife  of 
Robert  Auchmuty,  Esq.  Crosby, 
vol.  4,  pp.  156-158.  Wilson's  Hist. 
Dissent.  Churches,  vol.  4,  pp.  40- 
41. 

EMLYN,  Thomas,  a  learned 
English  Divine,  and  champion  of 
Arianism,  was  born  1663 ;  died 
1743.  Among  his  numerous  works 
was  one  entitled  :  "  The  Previous 
Question  to  the  Several  Questions 
about  valid  and  invalid  Baptism, 
Lay  Baptism,  &c. ;  considered 
whether  there  be  any  necessity  for 
the  continual  use  of  Baptism  among 
the  posterity  of  Baptized  Chris- 
tians, 1710."     Bib.  Brit. 

ENCYCLOPAEDIA  Britannica. 
This  work,  Art.  Russia,  vol.  ix.  p. 
6910,  says :  "  The  Muscovite  Priests 
plunge  the  child  three  times  over 
head  and  ears  in  the  water,"  in 
baptism.  In  Art.  Baptism,  vol.  2, 
p.  996,  it  says :  "  The  custom  of 
sprinkling  children,  instead  of  dip- 
ping thein  in  the  font,  which  was 
at  first  allowed  in  case  of  the  weak- 
ness or  sickness  of  the  infant,  has 
so  far  prevailed,  that  immersion  is 
at  length  quite  excluded.  What 
principally  tended  to  confirm  the 
practice  of  affusion  or  sprinkling, 
was  that  several  of  our  Protestant 
divines,  flying  into  Germany  and 
Switzerland  during  the  bloody 
reign  of  Queen  Mary,  and  returning 
home  when  Queen  Elizabeth  came 
to  the  crown,  brought  back  with 
them  a  great  zeal  for  the  Protestant 
chi\rches  beyond  the  sea,  where 
they  had  been  sheltered  and  re- 
ceived ;  and  having  observed,  that. 


Eu 


CYCLOlVEbl. 


229 


lit  Geneva  and  some  other  places, 
baptism  was  administered  by 
sprinkling,  they  thonght  they  could 
not  do  the  Church  oi"  Enghmd  a 
greater  piece  of  service  than  by  in- 
troducing a  practice  dictated  by  so 
great  an  oracle  as  Calvin.  This, 
together  with  the  coldness  of  our 
northern  climate,  was  what  con- 
tributed to  banish  entirely  the 
practice  of  dipping  infants  in  the 
font."  Other  articles  might  ap- 
propriately be  quoted  from  this 
work,  as  also  from  the  Encyclope- 
dia Germanica,  the  Encyclopedia 
Americana,  and  almost  all  general 
Cyclopaedias,  Encyclopedias,  Lexi- 
cons, and  Dictionaries  in  all  lan- 
guages ;  but  this  may  be  done  in  a 
separate  work.  We  are  compelled 
to  omit  more  than  half  of  our  arti- 
cles to  keep  our  book  within  de- 
signed limits. 

EDMUNDS,  J.  O.  We  adopt 
from  the  Baptist  Memorial,  vol.  2, 
p.  363,  et  seq.,  a  biography  of  this 
man,  prepared  by  a  committee  from 
the  Pastors'  Conference  of  New- 
York,  Brooklyn  and  vicinity. 
Brethren  Haines,  Everts,  and  Tay- 
lor, Committee.  It  is  long,  but 
some  of  these  extended  biographies 
will  be  acceptable  to  a  very  numer- 
ous class  of  the  readers  of  this  vol- 
ume. 

"  When  we  reflect  with  what 
delightful  and  benignant  power  our 
hearts  are  impressed  by  visible  ma- 
nifestations of  piety — piety  embo- 
died before  our  eyes,  and  moving 
among  us,  in  some  lovely  ibrm  of 
christian  character  and  action — we 
can  easily  account  for  the  strong 
desire,  which  is  so  generally  felt  on 
the  removal  of  a  devoted  servant 
of  God,  for  the  pre.servation  of  his 
moral  portraiture,  and  a  permanent 
record  of  his  useful  deeds.     As  the 


living  example  of  the  righteous  man 
is  salutary,  so  "  his  memory  is  bless- 
ed." Rarely,  indeed,  is  all  the 
benefit  realized  from  biographical 
sketches  which  the  heart  of  pious 
friendship  promises  to  itself;  for,  in 
most  cases,  the  delineation  of  the 
character  is  necessarily  too  imper- 
fect to  be  impressive,  and  the  de- 
tails of  the  life  are  of  so  familiar  a 
kind,  as  to  produce  little  effect  on 
the  imagination  or  feelings  of  nay, 
except  those  who  were  personally 
acquainted  with  the  deceased.  To 
tliem,  however,  such  a  sketch  is 
always  valuable,  serving,  as  it  does, 
to  arrest  and  combine  the  fleeting 
and  fragmentary  items  of  memory, 
and  to  deepen  the  traces  of  impres- 
sions too  sweet  and  salutary  to  be 
willingly  lost ;  while  to  others  it 
at  least  illustrates  the  value  of  that 
good  name,  which  the  scriptures 
declare  to  be  "  better  than  precious 
ointment,"  which  friendship  trea- 
sures, as  the  best  legacy  of  departed 
worth,  and  the  hope  of  which  is, 
perhaps,  the  most  powerful  of  all 
merely  extraneous  incentives  to  a 
purs  and  godly  life.  Such  are  the 
considerations  that  encourage  this 
committee  in  the  performance  of 
the  task  assigned  them. 

Justin  Olin  Edmunds  was  born 
in  Clarendon,  Rutland  county,  Vt., 
Sept.  17th,  1810.  From  that  place 
his  parents  removed,  in  1815,  to 
Hartland,  Niagara  county,  N.  Y., 
where  they  have  resided  ever  since, 
and  still  survive  among  the  oldest 
and  most  respectable  inhabitants  of 
the  town.  They  have  lived  to  see 
a  numerous  family  of  children  and 
grand-children  grow  up  around 
them,  nearly  all  of  whom  have  em- 
braced Christ,  and  been  added  to 
his  people.  They  are  themselves 
members  of  the  Baptist  church  in 


230 


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HAYNES'  BAPTIST 


Eu 


that  vicinity,  highly  respected 
among  the  brethren  ibr  intelligence, 
integrity,  and  devotedness,  and,  in 
particular,  "  given  to  hospitality." 
Few  ministers  or  missionaries,  who 
have  had  occasion  to  travel  in  that 
region,  are  ignorant  of  their  names, 
or  strangers  to  the  free-handed  and 
warm-hearted  generositywhich  ever 
beneath  their  roof  spreads  the  bonn- 
teous  board  and  smooths  the  com- 
fortable couch  for  all  the  Saviour's 
friends. 

Olin  was  one  of  the  youngest  of 
the  family.  No  record  has  been 
preserve(!  of  his  early  religious  his- 
tory. Tl:e  subject  of  most  faithful 
training,  it  is  certain  that  he 
"knew  the  scriptures  from  a  child;" 
and  deep  and  lasting  convictions  of 
their  truth  nuist  have  been  wrought 
into  his  mind  by  the  inliuence  of 
his  parents'  example,  and  by  the 
intercourse  with  christians  of  emi- 
p.^^ut  piety,  for  which  such  ample 
opportunity  was  afforded  at  his  fa- 
ther's house.  As  might  have  been 
expected,  through  boyhood  and 
youth  he  not  only  maintained  a 
moral  character  unusually  free  from 
spot,  hut  manifested  an  invariable 
and  prufound  respect  for  all  the 
doctrines  and  institutions  of  reli- 
gion. To  the  hitter  he  gave,  as  he 
had  opportunity,  a  ready  support. 
He  was  deeply  interested  in  the 
Sabbath  school  long  before  his  own 
heart  had  felt  the  power  of  divine 
truth,  and  engaged  personally  in 
the  work  with  an  ardor  of  enlight- 
ened zeal,  which  might  afford  to 
many  who  bear  the  christian  name 
at  once  the  keenest  of  rebuke  and 
a  model  worthy  of  all  imitation. 

He  was  hopefully  converted  to 
Christ  during  the  winter  of  his  21st 
year,  and  made  a  public  profession 
of  his  faith  in  the  month  of  March 


L 


following.  Very  soon  after  his 
connexion  with  the  church,  he  ap- 
pears to  have  had  impressions  of 
duty  in  relation  to  the  work  of  the 
ministry;  but  being  unable  to  solve 
the  question  satisfactorily  to  his 
own  mind,  he  said  nothing  on  the 
subject  to  his  friends,  and  silently 
prosecuted  the  course  of  mental 
training  which  he  had  already  be- 
gun, and  which  he  knew  would  be 
equally  useful  to  him,  in  whatever 
form  of  christian  labor  he  might 
ultimately  engage.  About  two 
years  after,  as  we  learn  from  his 
diary,  his  religious  feelings  experi- 
enced a  special  and  very  interesting 
revival.  He  seems  to  have  been 
led  to  deep  and  thorough  search- 
ings  of  heart,  to  have  reviewed  his 
former  course  of  life  at  the  foot  of 
the  Redeemer's  cross  and  in  the 
light  of  the  judgment-throne,  to 
have  been  borne  down  beneath  an 
overwhelming  sense  of  unworthi- 
ness,  and,  with  a  contrite  and  broken 
spirit,  to  have  laid  himself  down, 
as  a  living  sacrifice,  on  the  altar 
of  Christ.  "  And  now,"  writes  he, 
June  2d,  1833,  after  recording  the 
exercises  of  a  Sabbath  day  of  more 
than  usual  interest,  "  O  Lord  God, 
thou  hast  brought  me  into  exist- 
ence, and  been  my  Preserver  from 
my  youth  up.  Thou  hast  multi- 
plied thy  blessings  on  every  side, 
while  I  have  been  a  wicked  and 
rebellious  subject,  and  have  broken 
thy  law,  which  is  holy,  just,  and 
good,  times  and  ways  without  num- 
ber. O  Lord  God,  I  have  so  deeply 
sinned  against  thee,  and  sinned 
against  so  much  light,  that  it  would 
be  most  just  in  thee,  and  thy  throne 
would  be  perfectly  guiltless,shouIdst  ;  j 
thou  send  me  tww  to  hell.  Glory  ,| 
be  given  to  thy  great  name,  that  1 1 
I  hope  for  better  things.   And  now,   ^  \ 


Eu 


CYCLOPEDIA. 


Eu 


231 


Lord  God,  here  I  give  myself  up 
uncoiulitionally  into  thy  hands, 
soul  and  body,  for  time  and  eter- 
nity, praying  thee  to  strip  ine  of 
all  selfishness,  and  make  me  icIioUy 
thine.  Convinced  as  I  am,  that 
nothing  but  thy  sovereign  grace 
can  make  me  meet  for  the  society 
of  '  the  saints  in  light,'  I  thus  give 
myself  to  thee,  praying  that  thou 
wilt  wear  me  out  in  thy  service, 
and  then  admit  me  to  the  joys  at 
thy  right  hand,  for  the  great  Re- 
deemer's sake.  Amen."  From  this 
time  onward,  we  discover  most  dis- 
tinct and  afl'ecting  evidences  of  spi- 
ritual advancement,  of  more  and 
more  lively  devotional  feelings, 
deeper  anxiety  for  the  conversion 
of  the  impenitent,  and  greatly  in- 
creased activity  in  the  cause  of 
Christ. 

In  the  fall  of  that  year,  "  at  the 
request  of  his  pastor  and  other 
friends,  and  also  from  a  conviction 
of  duty  "  he  related  to  the  church 
his  exercises  in  relation  to  the  min- 
istry. He  still  felt  doubts,  but  was 
willing  to  receive  the  advice  of 
his  brethren,  and  desirous  that  they 
should  divide  with  him  the  respon- 
sibility of  decision.  They  were 
quite  ready  to  assume  their  share 
of  the  burden ;  and  after  a  second 
trial  of  his  gitt,  they  licensed  him 
"  to  preach  the  gospel,  wherever 
he  might  be  cast  in  the  providence 
of  God."'  He  almost  immediately 
received  invitations  to  the  pastoral 
charge  of  churches,  who  were  in- 
terested in  his  first  efforts,  and  dis- 
covered in  him  the  promise  of  far 
greater  success.  But  such  were 
his  views  of  the  qualifications  re- 
quisite lor  a  high  degree  of  useful- 
ness in  this  sacred  work,  that  noth- 
ing could  induce  him  to  listen  to 
these  proposals.     He  felt  that  he 


must  first  be  "  taught  the  way  of 
the  Lord  more  perfectly."  This 
conviction  was  so  pungent  and 
clear,  and  so  intimately  blended 
with  those  exercises  which  had 
pressed  him  into  the  ministry,  that 
he  could  not  doubt  as  to  its  having 
the  same  origin.  Accordingly,  in 
obedience,  as  he  believed,  to  the 
Divine  will,  he  made  immediate 
arrangements  for  entering  the 
Seminary  at  Hanrilton,  and  com- 
menced his  studies  with  the  Fresh- 
man Class,  in  the  spring  of  1834. 

It  was  here  that  two  members 
of  this  comnuttee  became  person- 
ally acquainted  with  him  :  an  ac- 
quaintance, which,  as  they  were 
class-mates,  naturally  ripened  into 
intimacy,  and  laid  the  Ibundation 
of  a  friendship  which  continued 
without  interruption  until  tln^  time 
of  his  death.  One  of  them,  in  par- 
ticular, was  his  room-mate  for  the 
last  years  of  their  common  course, 
and  can,  therefore,  speak  with  the 
greater  confidence  of  his  habits  and 
character,  both  then  and  since. 

Few  of  his  fellow-students  were 
so  generalh',or  so  '•'  favorably  known 
throughout  the  body.  He  was  not 
noted  for  any  extraordinary  brilli- 
ancy of  parts,  though  his  mind  was 
vigorous  and  sound,  and  by  dint  of 
application,  he  maintained  a  highly 
honorable  standing  in  all  his  stu- 
dies, and  in  some  (especially  in  the 
Mathematics,  for  which  he  had  con- 
tracted an  early  fondness,)  he  stood 
among  the  first  in  a  class  more  than 
usually  distmguished  for  zeal  and 
proficiency  in  this  branch  of  colle- 
giate education.  But  it  was  his 
moral  and  religious  character  that 
rendered  him  most  conspicuous. 
As  a  man  of  principle,  of  generous 
affections,  and  of  high  christian  at- 
tainments, he  may  truly  be  said  to 


232 


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HAYNES'  BAPTIST 


Eu 


have  been  among  his  compeers  "  a 
burning  and  a  shining  light." 

It  must  be  acknowledged  that 
his  temperament  was  favorable  to 
a  high  degree  of  moral  culture, 
while  he  possessed  all  those  ele- 
ments of  natural  sensibility  which, 
properly  regulated,  give  at  once 
beauty  and  force  to  character — the 
harmony  of  their  development 
was  the  most  admirable  feature  of 
the  whole.  You  found  in  his 
moral  composition  every  thing  you 
could  wish,  and  nothing  in  ex- 
tremes— nothing  ill-balanced  or  out 
of  proportion.  Constitutionally 
cheerful,  no  one  but  himself  ever 
accused  him  of  frivolity.  Discrimi- 
nating in  his  selection  of  associates, 
and  strong  in  his  attachment  to 
friends,  he  had  nothing  of  the  spirit 
of  exclusiveness  about  him :  he 
despised  or  hated  no  man.  Spon- 
taneously generous,  his  principles 
made  him  consistently,  (and  if  we 
may  so  speak,)  economiralhj  so.  He 
carefully  husbanded  his  resources, 
not  for  his  own,  but  for  the  benefit 
of  others.  To  do  good  did  certainly 
appear  to  be,  naturally,  his  delight. 
It  apparently  cost  him  less  than 
most  of  us  selfish  mortals,  to  deny 
himself  a  gratification  or  endure 
an  actual  hardship,  for  another's 
good.  To  injure  another  was  not 
in  his  heart:  an  injury  done  to 
himself,  he  was  quick  to  feel,  and 
slow  to  resent.  The  anger  that 
"  reigns  in  the  bosom  of  fools,"  in 
his  bosom  found  never  more  than 
momentary  place,  scarcely  ever, 
even  that.  Though  from  his  natu- 
ral activity,  he  engaged  with  great 
zeal  and  earnestness  in  those  affairs 
which  constitute  the  important 
business  of  the  little  world  of  col- 
lege, yet  his  zeal  was  always  tem- 
pered with  moderation,  and  in  his 


earnestness,  he  never  lost  posses- 
sion of  himself,  or  forgot  the  cour- 
tesy due  to  an  opponent.  Says 
one  who  was  for  years  his  most 
intimate  companion:  "I  can  truly 
say  that  I  never  saw  him  give  way 
to  the  spirit  of  anger,  and  never 
but  once  discovered  even  the  ap- 
pearance of  any  such  emotion. 
Then,  at  a  marked  and  doubtless 
intentioned  insult,  his  flxce  sudden- 
ly flushed  with  feeling;  but  while 
every  eye  was  fixed  upon  him  in 
expectation  of  some  expression  of 
resentment,  he  remained  for  a  mo- 
ment perfectly  silent,  and  then, 
having  completely  mastered  his 
passion,  rose,  and  ventured  a  mild 
but  manly  remonstrance  against 
the  injustice  done  him.  I  need 
hardly  add,  that  his  course  was  as 
successful  as  it  was  magnanimous." 
In  action,  Mr.  E.  was  prompt  with- 
out being  rash,  persevering  without 
being  reckless,  resolute  without  be- 
ing stubborn.  While,  therefore, 
he  was  proverbially  efficient,  he 
was  never  guilty  of  those  impru- 
dences, which  are  often  as  mis- 
chievous as  malice  itself,  and  oc- 
casion the  bitterest  regrets  even  in 
minds  conscious  of  no  evil  inten- 
tion. 

We  have  spoken  of  Mr.  E.  as  a 
man  of  principle.  He  was  always 
to  be  relied  on.  His  engagements, 
of  every  kind,  were  not  merely 
met  with  fidelity,  but  (a  rarer  vir- 
tue) with  scrupulous  punctuality. 
He  had  none  of  that  sort  of  mag- 
nanimity, which,  disdaining  mi- 
nuteness, forgets  to  be  honest,  and 
is  at  last  forced  to  be  mean.  He 
never  dodged  a  creditor,  or  forgot 
a  promise.  He  never  colored  a 
statement,  or  stooped  to  carry  a 
point  by  management  and  intrigue, 
His  character   was  transparent  as 


Eo 


CYCLOP.EUIA. 


Eu 


233 


crystal,  his  word  more  sacred  than 
a  written  bond. 

Tlie  same  conscientiousness  was 
shown  in  relation  to  all  his  duties 
as  a  student,  and  in  his  strict  ob- 
servance of  all  the  regulations  of 
the  Institution.  In  this  respect, 
we  commend  him  as  a  model  to 
all  young  men  in  similar  circum- 
stances. He  cared  nothing  for  the 
unpopularity  of  such  a  character 
among  the  ill-principled  and  ill- 
advised  ;  and  every  imputation  on 
his  motives  he  despised  as  the 
coinage  of  a  narrow  or  an  envious 
muid.  Nor  did  he  feel  absolved 
from  these  obligations  by  any  con- 
siderations of  personal  convenience, 
or  even  of  interest.  When  his  less 
thoughtful  associates  would  some- 
times urge  him  to  omit  some  minor 
duty,  to  which  perhaps  he  could 
not  attend  without  some  slight 
sacrifice  or  considerable  inconve- 
nience, he  would  reply :  "  No,  these 
laws  are  for  the  general  good,  and 
every  social  obligation  binds  us  to 
observe  them  strictly.  Indi^'idual 
interests  must  be  subordinated  to 
the  common  weal." 

His  religious  character  was  equal- 
ly interesting.  His  diary  affords 
abundant  proof,  that  while  labor- 
ing diligently  for  the  cultivation 
of  his  mind,  he  was  not  negligent 
of  his  heart.  A  few  weeks  after 
entering  the  Institution,  he  made 
the  following  record  : — "  Am  con- 
vinced, that  the  advice  of  some 
friends,  '  not  to  trouble  myself 
much  about  my  heart  while  study- 
ing, but  to  pursue  my  course  with 
rigor,  and  alterwards  attend  to  the 
cultivation  of  piety,'  is  bad,  and 
am  determined  not  to  follow  it."' 
This  resolution  he  was  happily 
enabled  to  carry  out.  His  fellow- 
students   can    never    forget    how 


uniform  and  punctual  was  his  at- 
tendance on  all  the  public  means 
of  grace.  He  loved  the  sanctuary. 
It  was  his 'practice  to  record,  at  the 
close  of  every  Sabbath,  the  names 
of  the  preachers  to  whom  he  had 
listened  through  the  day,  together 
with  their  texts,  and  some  brief 
comment  respecting  the  religious 
effect  of  the  discourse  on  his  own 
mind.  When  they  were  of  more 
than  usual  interest,  he  would  write 
out  a  full  abstract  of  them  in  a 
blank  book  kept  for  the  purpose. 
Several  of  these  books,  neatly  and 
closely  written,  are  found  among 
his  papers.  His  place  in  the  prayer 
circle  was  rarely  vacant ;  and  there 
was  no  religious  exercise  in  which 
he  manifested  greater  freedom,  or 
engaged  publicly  with  greater  wil- 
lingness, than  that  of  prayer — a 
pleasing  proof,  that  it  was  an  ex- 
ercise to  which  he  was  no  stranger 
in  private. 

His  piety  was  active.  It  wrought 
outward,  as  well  as  within  him, 
and  sought  the  salvation  of  others, 
as  well  as  his  own.  He  showed 
how  much  of  direct  christian  labor 
may  be  accomplished,  consistently 
with  the  diUgent  prosecution  of  a 
course  of  preparatory  training.  The 
promptitude  with  which  he  set 
himself  to  do  whatever  his  hand 
found  to  do,  is  illustrated  in  the 
following  incident,  which  may  be 
taken  as  a  specimen  of  the  man. 
He  arrived  in  Hamilton,  and  en- 
tered the  Institution,  IMay  3d, 
1834.  The  next  day,  being  the 
Sabbath,  he  attended  worship  in 
that  village.  By  the  ibllowing 
Sabbath,  he  had  found  his  way 
into  a  destitute  region  about  twelve 
miles  distant,  where  he  proposed 
the  organization  of  two  Sabbath 
Schools  at  diff'erent  points.   A  week 


234 


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HAYNES'  BAPTIST 


Eu 


later,  we  find  the  following  entry 
in  his  diary:  "May  18,  Lord's  day. 
To-day,  went  to  attend  the  Sab- 
bath schools  which  I  had  agreed 
to  meet.  Found  the  prospects 
quite  encouraging,  more  so  than  I 
expected.  Organized  one  school 
in  a  district,  where  a  Sabbath 
school  was  never  held  before,  and 
where  I  met  several  very  wicked 
young  men,  who  were  not  ashamed 
to  show  that  they  were  servants 
of  the  devil,  and  meant  to  serve 
him  faithfully.  They,  however, 
treated  me  with  some  civility,  and 
professed  a  wish  to  attend  the 
school.  Their  motives  are  known 
to  the  Searcher  of  hearts,  and  O 
may  His  Spirit  make  use  of  the 
school  as  an  instrument  lor  their 
conversion.  Felt  that  I  had  in 
some  measure  the  presence  of  my 
Lord,  and  O  'tis  sweet !"  Here  we 
find  him  with  his  summer's  work 
laid  out  and  an  efficient  beginning 
made,  in  less  time  than  most  young 
men  would  have  required,  to  get 
over  the  novelty  of  the  scene  and 
ascertain  that  there  was  even  an 
opportunity  for  them  to  labor  di- 
rectly in  the  Saviour's  cause. 
These  schools  he  continued  with 
great  success  through  the  season, 
and,  it  would  seem,  subsequently 
increased  their  number,  for  under 
date  of  Sept.  28th,  he  writes : 
"  Closed  three  of  my  schools  to- 
day, at  the  last  of  which  preached 
by  request  to  a  crowded  assembly. 
My  labors  in  B.  have  now  closed 
for  the  present  season.  I  have  no 
reason  to  regret  having  been  there 
during  the  past  summer,  although 
it  has  been  attended  with  some  in- 
convenience and  some  slight  sacri- 
fice." His  labors  were  indeed 
"  not  in  vain."  His  name  is  still 
spoken  in  that  place  with  interest 


and  affection,  by  those  who  receiv- 
ed spiritual  benefit  from  his  in- 
structions. 

We  next  find  him  at  the  head 
of  a  class  in  the  Hamilton  Sabbath 
School.  It  was  while  laboring  to 
gather  the  children  of  the  vicinity 
into  that  school,  that  his  attention 
was  drawn  to  the  Irish  Catholics 
in  and  about  Hamilton,  large  num- 
bers of  whom  were  at  work  on  the 
Chenango  Canal,  then  in  process 
of  construction.  Like  his  Divine 
Master,  "  when  he  saw  the  multi- 
tudes, he  was  moved  with  compas- 
sion on  them,  because  they  fainted, 
and  were  scattered  abroad  like 
sheep  having  no  shepherd."  He 
went  among  them,  and  found  them 
not  only  entirely  without  religious 
instruction,  but  given  up  to  the 
most  vicious  indulgences,  especial- 
ly on  the  Sabbath,  "assembling  in 
difierent  huts,  carousing,  and  wal- 
lowing in  filth."  On  his  first  ap- 
proaches, they  were,  as  he  express- 
es it,  "  wild  as  patridges  ;"  but  he 
soon  convinced  them  that  he  was 
a  friend,  and  came  to  do  them  good. 
After  a  while,  he  obtained  their 
consent  to  visit  them  regularly, 
to  instruct  their  children,  and  even 
to  preach  and  distribute  books 
among  their  shantees.  He  and 
another  brother  of  congenial  spirit, 
faithfully  occupied  this  field  until 
the  close  of  the  academic  year, 
with  what  results  eternity  must 
reveal.  They  felt  the  counteract- 
ing influence  of  the  priest,  and 
seem  not  to  have  been  sanguine 
of  effecting  much.  The  last  re- 
ference made  to  these  labors  in  the 
diary,  is  in  these  words :  "  Aug. 
16,  Have  continued  until  now  to 
spend  my  Sabbaths  among  the 
Catholics.  We  have  found  them 
uniformly  kind,  willing  to  receive 


En 


CYCLOPiEDIA. 


Eu 


235 


us,  and  even  anxious  for  our  com- 
ing. Still,  I  have  but  little  expec- 
tation that  they  will  be  permanent- 
ly benefited.  Their  hearts  appear 
almost  callous  to  the  impressions 
oi'  truth.  Now  I  must  leave  them, 
at  least  for  a  time.  May  the  Lord 
sanctify  the  feeble  efforts  which 
have  been  made,  to  the  enlighten- 
ing of  some  precious  souls,  and 
thus  get  glory  to  his  own  great 
name." 

He  was  soon  after  selected  super- 
intendent of  the  Hamilton  Sabbath 
School.  This  office  introduced  him 
to  a  wide  field  of  usefulness.  He 
became  generally  known  in  the 
commnnit)^  and  during  the  rest  of 
his  stay  in  Hamilton,  enjoyed  a 
large  share  of  the  public  confidence. 
His  visits  were  almost  exclusively 
of  a  religious  character,  and  in 
many  families  are  still  mentioned 
with  interest  and  gratitude.  His 
memory  is  fragrant,  and  wherever 
the  trace  of  his  influence  is  to  be 
met,  the  eye  rests  on  it  with  satis- 
faction and  delight. 

We  have  dwelt  with  greater 
length  upon  the  time  which  he 
spent  at  Hamilton,  because,  as 
now  appears  in  the  inscrutable 
Providence  of  God,  this  was  to  be 
the  principal  field  of  his  earthly 
labors,  and  because  his  example, 
instructive  to  all,  addresses  itself 
with  peculiar  force  to  christian 
students.  It  is  a  happy  circum- ' 
stance,  that  though  his  spirit  was  j 
released  at  a  far  distant  point,  his 
body  now  sleeps  among  those 
scenes  with  which  it  was  conver- 
sant during  the  period  of  its  highest 
activity.  There,  though  dead,  he 
yet  speaketh ;  and  his  voice  is  to 
you,  O  young  men,  the  favored 
sons  of  the  church,  the  chosen  her- 
alds   of  salvation :    "  Whatsoever , 


thy  hand  findeth  to  do,  do  it  with 
thy  might,  for  there  is  no  work, 
nor  device,  nor  knowledge,  nor 
wisdom,  in  the  grave,  whither  thou 
goest." 

He  was  graduated  from  the 
Theological  Department  of  Hamil- 
ton Institution,  in  August,  1839, 
but  prosecuted  studies  as  a  resident 
graduate  several  months  longer. 
He  was  married,  Jan.  15,  1840,  to 
Miss  Philena  Spear,  daughter  of 
Dea.  Abraham  Spear,  of  Palmyra, 
a  companion  every  way  fitted  to 
promote  both  his  happiness  and  his 
usefulness.  They  found  a  home 
in  the  family  of  his  brother,  Mr. 
James  Edmunds,  Jr.,  then  Steward 
of  the  Education  Society,  intend- 
ing to  remain  there  until  Mr.  E. 
had  completed  his  contemplated 
course  of  studies.  The  writer  of 
this  sketch  sat  at  the  same  table  ; 
and  it  is  not  without  an  affecting 
sense  of  the  vanity  of  human  ex- 
pectations, that  he  recalls  those 
scenes,  so  recent  as  hardly  to  seem 
past.  The  two  brothers  had  mar- 
ried sisters ;  and  all  the  four  were 
there  gathered  under  the  same  roof, 
in  the  prime  of  life,  united  in  the 
closest  bonds  of  affection,  pursuing 
the  same  great  ends,  and  with  every 
prospect  of  long  and  happy  lives 
spent  in  the  Redeemer's  service. 
Three  of  that  four  now  lie  side  by 
side  in  the  "  Cemetery-grove,"  un- 
der the  shadow  of  those  trees  to 
which  they  so  often  walked  in 
company,  and  within  sight  of  the 
Institution  with  which  they  were 
all  connected  by  such  interesting 
relations.  Brother  J.  O.  Edmunds 
closed  the  eyes  of  his  wife  on  Jan. 
16,  1841,  just  one  year  from  the 
day  of  their  marriage.  During  her 
protracted  and  painful  illness,  her 
husband  watched  beside  her  with 


236 


Eu 


HAYNES'  BAPTIST 


Eu 


unwearied  assiduity.  The  fatigues 
and  vigils  of  that  trying  season, 
were  too  much  for  him.  His  frame, 
belbre,  a  model  oi  rohust  vigor, 
never  wholly  regained  its  elasticity, 
hut  hy  a  steady  decline,  at  first 
gradual,  but  more  rapid  toward  the 
the  close,  sank  to  the  house  ap- 
pointed for  all  living. 

After  a  lew  months,  spent  suc- 
cessfully in  an  agency  for  the  Ed- 
ucation Society,  Mr.  Edmunds  ac- 
cepted a  call  to  the  pastorate  of 
the  Baptist  church  in  Jersey  city, 
near  New- York,  where  he  remain- 
ed until  his  failing  health  obliged 
him  to  relinquish  preaching  alto- 
gether. The  books  in  which,  with 
characteristic  accuracy,  he  kept  the 
records  of  his  brief  career,  as  well 
as  the  style  of  his  written  dis- 
courses, exhibit  abundant  evidence 
of  the  ardor  with  which  his  work 
was  prosecuted,  and  of  the  high 
standard  of  ministerial  excellence 
which  he  had  set  before  him.  The 
record  of  his  success  is  written  in 
the  history  of  a  revived  and 
strengthened  church,  on  the  hearts 
of  many  who  through  his  instru- 
mentalit)^  are  made  possessors  of 
the  Christian's  hope,  and,  we  trust, 
in  the  Lamb's  book  of  life. 

On  leaving  this  dear  people,  he 
made  a  short  visit  to  his  friends  in 
Western  New- York,  and  then,  in 
the  fall  of  1842,  bade  them,  as  he 
foreboded,  (alas !  with  too  much 
reason,)  a  final  adieu,  and  went 
into  a  southern  state  to  pass  the 
winter.  He  found  a  home  in  the 
western  part  of  Virginia,  at-  the 
house  of  Dr.  Grady,  and  his  father, 
of  Snickersville,  a  Christian  and  a 
Baptist. 

His  letters  during  the  winter 
were  so  cheerful,  as  to  encourage 
among  his  friends  the  hope  that 


his  diseases  had  been  effectually 
checked,  and  would  soon  be  thrown 
entirely  off.  Nor  did  anything 
occur  to  disturb  this  expectation, 
until  April  last,  when  a  letter  was 
received  from  Dr.  Grady,  contain- 
ing intelligence  of  his  having  be- 
gun again  to  fail,  and  with  so 
much  rapidity  that  there  was  but 
little  probability  of  his  ever  return- 
ing north.  His  brother  was  at  that 
time  confined  to  the  bed-side  of  a 
dying  wife,  but  without  delay  de- 
spatched a  messenger  (Mr.  Samuel 
Ward,  then  a  theological  student 
at  Hamilton,)  with  directions  to 
bring  Mr.  E.  immediately  home, 
unless  indeed  it  should  be  too  late 
to  do  so  with  safety. 

Mr.  Ward  found  him  even  lower 
than  he  expected,  and  felt  some 
doubts  as  to  the  propriety  of  re- 
moving him ;  Dr.  G.  also  was  ex- 
ceedingly reluctant  to  have  him 
set  out  while  so  feeble.  But  the 
strong  desire  which  Mr.  Edmunds 
felt,  to  see  his  old  home  once  more, 
and  to  be  buried  by  the  side  of  his 
beloved  companion,  overcame  the 
kind  scruples  of  his  friends ;  and, 
having  drawn  from  the  Dr.  an 
opinion  that  he  would  probably  be 
able  to  endure  a  slow  and  easy 
journey,  and  perhaps  he  even 
benefited  by  the  change  of  scene 
and  air,  he  at  length  concluded  to 
leave  a  house,  whose  inmates  had 
manifested  the  tenderest  sympathy 
in  his  sufferings,  and  where  every 
thing  had  been  done  for  his  comfort 
which  professional  skill  could  dic- 
tate or  christian  kindness  devise. 
On  the  evening  of  the  fourth  day 
after  leaving  Snickersville,  they 
put  up  for  the  night  within  six 
miles  of  Alexandria,  having  come 
only  fifty  miles.  At  this  time, 
writes  Mr.  W.,    "  he   seemed  less 


fiitigued  than  on  any  previous  eve- 
ning, and  retired  to  rest  much  en- 
couraged with  the  prospect  of  soon 
meeting  his  friends  in  Hamilton. 
About  three  o'clock  next  morning, 
he  awoke  me.  I  found  him  sitting 
on  tlie  side  of  the  bed.  The  tirst 
thing  he  said  was,  '  I  feel  very 
strong.'  I  told  him  I  was  glad  to 
hear  it,  and  he  replied  that  he 
wanted  to  go  out,  and  walk  around 
the  house  lor  exercise.  I  told  him 
I  thought  he  needed  rest  more  than 
exercise.  '  Well,'  said  he,  after 
musing  a  moment,  'just  as  you 
say,'  and  lay  down  again.  The 
next  morning  he  referred  to  this 
conversation,  and  added :  '  After 
you  went  to  sleep,  1  got  up  and 
walked  out  into  the  garden  and  all 
around.'  There  were  circumstances 
which  satisfied  me,  tiiat  this  could 
not  be  so ;  and  the  painful  convic- 
tion flashed  upon  me,  thsit  his  brain 
had  become  aftected,  and  that  his 
mind  was  deranged."'  This  sus- 
picion was  .soon  confirmed,  and 
from  this  time  Mr.  Edmunds  began 
very  plainly  to  fail.  On  reaching 
Alexandria,  they  were  most  kindly 
received  by  Elder  Kingsford,  who 
would  not  consent  to  their  going 
any  I'arther  that  day,  although  they 
felt  that  the  most  fatiguing  part  of 
their  journey  was  over,  the  rest 
being  by  water  and  railroad.  At 
his  house,  the  best  inedical  advice 
was  procured  for  Mr.  Edmunds' 
now  suffering  body  ;  while  nothing 
could  be  more  adapted  to  soothe 
his  troubled  and  excited  mind,  than 
the  judicious  convense  of  this  ex- 
perienced minister  and  his  excel- 
lent lady.  Before  midnight  he  was 
much  relieved,  the  next  morning 
seemed  decidedly  better,  and  by 
eight  o'clock  was  comfortably  lying 
in  the  cabin  of  the  steamer  Colum- 


bia, and  rapidly  descending  towards 
the  mouth  of  the  Potomac. 

To  this  point  he  had  been  look- 
ing forward  during  the  whole  of 
his  fatiguing  and  tedious  ride,  with 
the  feeling  that  when  he  should 
reach  it,  he  should  be  indeed  near 
his  home.  Nor  did  the  result  dis- 
appoint his  expectation ;  but  it 
was  his  heavenly,  not  his  earthly 
liome,  to  which  he  now  was  rapid- 
ly approaching.  "  So  far  as  the 
body  was  concerned,"  says  his  kind 
and  faithful  attendant,  "  brother  E. 
seemed  comfortable,  except  for  a 
short  time  in  the  afternoon,  when 
he  manifested  considerable  uneasi- 
ness ;  but  his  mind  was  disturbed 
and  wandering  the  whole  day. 
He  would  frequenth^  ask  me,  if  I 
had  seen  his  brother  James  yet,  or 
if  I  had  been  to  the  post-office  for 
letters  and  papers  from  his  brother. 
In  the  course  of  the  day.  Elder  Ad- 
ams, of  Baltimore,  came  on  board 
at  one  of  the  landing  places,  but 
brother  E.  gave  no  sign  of  recog- 
nizing hi)n.  Early  in  the  evening, 
we  approached  the  mouth  of  the 
river.  The  wind  was  high,  and 
the  water  so  rough,  that  the  Cap- 
tain thought  it  unsafe  to  venture 
out  on  the  Bay,  and  we  anchored 
in  Comstock  Harbor,  about  a  quar- 
ter of  a  mile  off'  Cape  Lookout.  At 
ten  o'clock,  1  had  a  bed  spread  for 
Mr.  E.  on  the  floor,  which  1  thought 
would  be  more  comfortable  than 
his  berth.  But  very  soon  after  be- 
ing removed,  1  found  that  he  was 
dying.  He  was  at  first  slighly  con- 
vulsed, but  gradually  sank  into  a 
state  of  perfect  quietness,  continuing 
to  draw  his  breath  more  and  more 
faintly  luitil  about  a  quarter  before 
eleven,  when  he  gently  breathed 
his  last.  So  peaceful  was  his  de- 
parture, that  1  could  not  determine 


238 


Eu 


HAYNES'  BAPTIST 


Fa 


for  some  minutes  whether  he  was 
really  gone.  It  was  truly  "falling 
asleep,"  and,  without  a  doubt,  in 
the  Saviour's  arms.  The  day  be- 
fore, he  had  conversed  with  Mr. 
and  Mrs.  Kingsford,  as  freely  as 
the  state  of  his  body  and  mind 
would  permit,  and  given  the  most 
satisfactory  evidence,  if  indeed  his 
life  had  left  any  room  to  desire  it, 
that  his  hope  was  fixed  upon  the 
sure  foundation,  and  that  it  was 
as  an  anchor  to  his  soul  in  this  dark 
and  stormy  hour. 

There  is  something  melancholy 
in  the  circumstances  of  his  death, 
on  that  wild,  tempestuous  night,  in 
the  cabin  of  a  steamboat,  surround- 
ed by  strangers,  and  with  only  one 
of  the  many  affectionate  friends 
who  would  have  ielt  it  a  privilege 
to  stand  by  his  bed-side  and  soothe 
his  dying  pangs.  And  yet  it  was 
pleasingly  characteristic  of  the 
man,  to  die  in  the  resolute  pursuit 
of  an  object  on  which  he  had  fixed 
his  purpose — an  object,  too,  to 
which  he  was  drawn,  not  by  his 
interests,  but  his  aff'ections.  It  was 
a  suitable  end  of  a  career  so  ener- 
getic and  self-forgetting  as  his  had 
been  throughout;  and  he  doubtless 
found  it  (to  use  an  expression  of 
his  own,  made  but  a  day  or  two 
before,)  "  as  sweet  to  go  to  Jesus 
from  a  steamer's  cabin,  as  from  any 
other  place." 

Immediately  after  reaching  Bal- 
timore, Mr,  Ward  made  arrange- 
ments for  fulfilling  brother  E.'s  dy- 
ing request,  that  he  should  be  car- 
ried to  Hamilton  and  buried  by  the 
side  of  his  wife.  This  melancholy 
journey  was  completed  on  the  al- 
ter noon  of  the  sixth  day  from  his 
death  ;  at  which  time  his  friends, 
having  been  previously  notified, 
assembled  at  the  tolling  of  the  bell, 


and  proceeded  immediately  to  the 
interment.  It  Avas  with  an  inexpres- 
sible feeling  of  relief  and  satisfac- 
tion, that  they  saw  this  precious 
dust,  its  mortal  toils  and  weary 
wanderings  ended,  laid  in  its  chosen 
place  of  rest.  Beside  him  lay  his 
beloved  companion,  and  just  be- 
yond, beneath  a  yet  fresh  sod,  their 
newly-buried  sister :  and  there  the 
three  shall  sweetly  sleep  together 
till  the  resurrection  morn." 

FARNWORTH,  Richard,  an 
English  Quaker,  and  learned  au- 
thor of  numerous  works  with  sin- 
gular titles  ;  one,  "  To  you  that 
are  called  Baptists,"  1654,  4to. 
Observe,  "  are  called,"  not  call 
yourselves,  which  distinction  ob- 
tained in  that  age.  In  fact,  the 
name  Baptist  was  given  to  the  sect 
at  first  reproachfully  and  vulgarly, 
by  Bullinger  learnedly,  but  dis- 
dainfully. They  called  themselves 
in  England,  in  the  seventeenth 
century,  baptized  congregations, 
and  such  like  names,  and  finally 
accepted  the  name  Baptist,  given 
by  their  enemies,  which  expressed 
more  than  those  who  first  used  it 
meant;  i.e.,  it  claimed  that  Baptists 
pre-eminently,  in  contradistinction 
to  others,  baptized,  and  rightly. 
Bib.  Brit. 

FARMER,  Richard,  one  of  the 
English  Baptist  Ministers  who  suf- 
fered for  non-conformity,  in  Lei- 
cestershire. He  was  minister  of  a 
congregation  of  Baptists  at  Kilbey; 
had  a  small  estate  to  live  upon  ; 
was  a  very  aftecting  preacher,  and 
frequently  preached  among  the  In- 
dependents. He  studied  hard,  and 
increased  in  knowledge  very  fast. 
The  calamity  of  the  times  brought 
much  trouble  upon  him,  so  that 
he  suffered  greatly  for  his  religion. 
Distress  was  made,  by  virtue  of  a 


Fa 


CYCLOPAEDIA. 


Fa 


239 


justice  of  the  peace's  warrant,  upon 
his  goods ;  and  they  took  from  him, 
in  one  year,  to  the  value  of  one 
hundred  and  ten  pounds.  One  of 
his  inlbrniers,  who  threatened  him 
much,  was  at  Triukley  market, 
and  there  hoasted  of  what  he  had 
done  against  him,  and  dechired 
that  he  hoped,  before  next  Candle- 
mas, (this  being  at  Cliristmas,) 
that  he  should  get  a  good  portion 
for  his  daughter  by  informing  ;  but 
as  he  was  riding  home,  and  over  a 
boggy  place,  where  there  was  a 
little  brook,  his  horse  threw  him 
into  it,  and  he  was  drowned  in  a 
less  quantity  of  water  than  wouhl 
cover  his  body.  At  another  time, 
one  swore  against  him.  Quickly 
after,  this  informer's  tongue  so 
swelled  in  his  moutli,  that  he  died 
thereupon,  being  supposed  to  have 
taken  a  false  oath.  Mr.  Farmer 
and  Mr.  Adams  joined  with  ]\Ir. 
Shuttleworth  and  Mr.  Clark,  and 
iVequently  kept  days  of  prayer,  at 
Mr.  Woolaston's,  at  Loesby.  They 
preached  often  one  for  another,  and 
kept  up  a  meeting  at  Loesby-hall, 
taking  their  turns.  He  died  in  the 
reign  of  King  James  11. ,  and,  as  I 
am  informed,  was  buried  at  Kiibey, 
the  place  of  his  residence.  Crosby, 
vol.  iii..  pp.  118,  119. 

FARAVELL,  Hon.  Levi,  an 
American  Baptist,  late  of  Cam- 
bridge, was  born  in  Worcester 
county,  Mass.  His  father  was  a 
farmer ;  and  Levi  spent  the  years 
of  his  minority  principally  in  assist- 
ing him  in  this  calling.  There 
were  no  incidents  which  peculiarly 
distinguished  his  boyhood.  His 
kindness  and  consideration  made 
him  a  favorite  among  his  brothers 
and  sisters.  He  was  understood  to 
be  the  arbiter  in  cases  of  disagree- 
ment among  them.     He  had  natu- 


rally much  amiability  of  disposi- 
tion, though  of  a  nervous  tempera- 
ment and  easily  excited  to  anger. 
The  advantages  which  he  enjoyed 
for  cultivating  his  mind  were  but 
small,  and  his  instruction  imper- 
fect. He  was  not  permitted  to  ac- 
quire even  a  knowledge  of  the 
grammar  of  his  own  language. 
The  time  which  was  allotted  to 
study  was  only  a  few  months,  or 
perhaps  a  few  weeks,  for  a  few 
years  of  his  childhood  and  youth. 
His  limited  opportunities  in  early 
life  were  matter  of  regret  alter  he 
entered  into  its  business,  and  when 
he  was  called  to  assume  many 
pressing  and  weighty  responsibili- 
ties. It  is  a  remarkable  fact  that 
he  had  so  carefully  observed  the 
u,se  of  language  in  good  society, 
that  there  seldom  appeared  any 
violation  of  the  rules  of  grammar 
or  of  good  taste  in  his  numerous 
letters  ;  and  few  men  wrote  more 
intelligent  and  comprehensive  epis- 
tles than  he  did :  Avhether  it  were 
to  missionaries  among  the  heathen 
or  merchants  in  England,  they 
were  brief,  proper,  and  pertinent. 

When  about  seventeen  years 
old,  young  Farwell  had  his  atten- 
tion directed  to  a  careful  considera- 
tion of  his  obligations  to  love  and 
serve  his  Creator.  He  ascertained 
what  claims  God  made  on  him, 
and  felt  that  they  were  just,  and 
would  therefore  be  su.stained ;  but 
he  was  painfully  conscious  that  he 
had  not  met  these  claims,  and  was 
therefore  guilty.  His  conviction  of 
sin  was  deep  and  intelligent.  He 
abandoned  all  hope  of  obtaining 
the  favor  of  God  by  any  thing 
which  he  could  offer  or  promi.se. 
The.se  scriptural  views  of  his  guilt 
and  helplessne.ss  prepared  him  to 
receive  the  Lord  Jesus  Christ  as 


240 


Fa 


HAYNES'   BAPTIST 


Fa 


the  propitiation  for  his  sins.  Some 
time  after  he  entertained  a  hope 
that  his  sins  had  been  forgiven,  he 
united  with  the  Congrfegational 
church  in  his  native  village,  of 
which  he  continued  an  exeniphiry 
member  while  he  remained  in  that 
place.  He  had  almost  reached  the 
age  of  manhood,  and  had  formed 
no  plans  for  the  future.  He  looked 
out  upon  the  world  with  interest 
and  solicitude,  scarcely  knowing 
what  direction  to  take.  At  length 
he  determined  to  come  into  the 
vicinity  of  Boston.  After  being 
engaged  for  a  time  in  business 
which  offered  itself,  he  abandoned 
it  as  unsuitable  to  his  character,  as 
it  was  uncongenial  to  his  feelings. 
A  short  time  after  this  he  obtained 
a  place  as  clerk  to  the  Messrs.  Bar- 
rett, in  the  city  of  Boston.  He  was 
now  about  twenty  years  of  age. 
After  his  residence  was  fixed  in 
the  city,  he  connected  himself  with 
the  old  South  church,  then  under 
the  pastoral  care  of  the  Rev.  Dr. 
Eckley. 

He  continued  his  connexion  with 
this  church  for  several  years  :  it 
does  not  appear  that  he  was  parti- 
cularly active  or  energetic  as  a 
Christian  during  the  period  of  his 
membership.  After  about  two 
years'  residence  in  Boston,  he  was 
solicited  by  Mr.  Richard  Boardman 
to  engage  in  business  in  Cambridge. 
With  this  he  complied,  and  before 
the  time  for  which  he  had  engaged 
as  clerk  expired,  his  skill  and  in- 
tegrity in  business  had  gained  for 
him  so  much  of  the  confidence  of 
his  employer,  that  he  was  offered  a 
place  as  partner  in  the  concern. 
This  offer  was  accepted.  Consider- 
ing himself  as  settled  in  business, 
he  now  gave  his  energies  afresh  to 
the  work  in  which  he  was  engaged. 


The  demand  for  ■  effort  was  great, 
as  the  business  was  extensive.  His 
mind  had  become  considerably 
matured,  and  great  confidence  was 
reposed  in  his  honesty,  frankness, 
and  integrity  by  those  with  whom 
he  transacted  business. 

But  after  about  two  years  of  se- 
vere application  to  the  business  in 
which  he  had  become  interested  as 
one  of  the  firm,  his  health  failed. 
When  partially  recovered,  he  was 
prostrated  by  hemorrhage  of  the 
lungs.  This  continued  at  intervals 
for  several  months,  which  reduced 
him  very  low,  and  placed  him  for 
a  long  time  beyond  the  reasonable 
hope  of  life.  But  after  lingering 
for  many  months,  the  disease  abated 
and  some  favorable  symptoms  ap- 
peared. He  was  an  invalid  for 
about  two  years,  and  for  most  of 
that  time  confined  to  his  room. 

During  his  confinement  much  of 
his  time  was  spent  in  reading  the 
Bible.  He  resorted  to  the  ivord  of 
God  as  the  source  of  his  comfort, 
and  as  fnrnishing  a  test  of  Christian 
character.  Whether  he  was  laying 
the  foundation  of  character  and  in- 
fluence for  fnture  life,  or  making 
solemn  preparation  for  a  speedy 
exit  from  the  world,  he  knew  not. 
In  either  case  he  desired  a  familiar 
acquaintance  with  what  was  taught 
in  the  oracles  of  divine  truth.  In 
the  course  of  his  reading  and  inves- 
tigation, he  was  incidentally  led  to 
inquire  what  the  scriptures  taught 
concerning  baptism.  He  has  fre- 
quently said  that  he  was  surprised 
and  disappointed  in  the  first  read- 
ing of  the  New  Testament,  as  he 
prosecuted  this  inquiry ;  but  he 
supposed  the  fanlt  was  in  him.self 
He  read  again,  with  Doddridge  and 
others  to  aid  him.  Still  he  was 
disappointed  at  the  small  number 


Fa 


CYCLOPAEDIA. 


Fa 


241 


of  texts  which  sustained  by  any 
interpretation  the pajdobaptist  view 
of  the  subject,  and  dissatisfied  with 
the  interpretation  given  a  large 
portion  of  them  by  the  authors 
whom  he  consulted.  He  was  al- 
most fearful  that  he  had  not  ac- 
knowledged his  Saviour  in  the  way 
of  his  appointment.  He  was  in 
difficulty,  and  acquainted  his  pas- 
tor with  his  investigation  and  dis- 
appointment. He  endeavored  to 
relieve  him  from  difficulty  and  to 
soothe  his  feelings.  They  had  fre- 
quent conversations,  and  Mr.  Far- 
well  read  treatises  on  the  subject 
of  baptism,  which  he  recommended, 
and  reperused  the  scriptures.  The 
result  was,  he  was  painfully  con- 
vinced that  he  had  not  been  bap- 
tized. He  determined  to  obey  the 
teachings  of  the  word  of  God,  and 
Ibllow  the  dictates  of  his  conscience 
on  the  subject.  Accordingly,  in 
September,  1811,  he  was  baptized 
by  Dr.  Thomas  Baldwin,  and  joined 
the  church  then  under  his  pastoral 
care.  So  important  did  he  deem 
this  investigation,  that  he  left  a 
record  of  the  process  and  its  results. 
It  is  now  before  me,  attached  to  the 
inside  of  the  cover  of  a  blank  book 
in  which  he  recorded  the  texts 
which  were  the  themes  of  the  dis- 
courses which  he  heard  on  the 
Sabbath. 

This  record  indicates  a  very  care- 
ful, patient,  and  thorough  exami- 
nation of  the  subject,  so  far  as  a 
mere  English  reader  can  prosecute 
the  investigation. 

The  period  Avhen  Mr.  Farwell 
united  with  Dr.  Baldwin's  church 
was  one  of  deep  interest,  from  the 
fact  that  soon  after  this  our  first 
missionaries  went  forth  from  it  to 
India.  The  consecration  and  de- 
parture of  Wheelock  and  Coleman 


made  a  deep  and  abiding  impres- 
sion on  his  heart.  From  this  time 
to  his  death  he  was  the  devoted 
and  efficient  friend  of  missions.  No 
man  sympathized  with  the  mis- 
sionary in  his  toils,  trials,  priva- 
tions, and  perils  more  deeply  or 
more  intelligently  than  lie  did.  As 
a  member  of  the  church,  he  soon 
began  to  be  known  as  a  man  of 
sound  discretion,  great  decision  and 
independence,  and  strictly  governed 
by  the  principles  of  the  gospel  in 
his  business,  and  in  the  manage- 
ment of  the  affairs  of  the  church. 
His  influence  in  its  di-scipline  was 
considerable,  and  was  always  ex- 
erted to  promote  its  purity,  by  de- 
manding the  excision  of  such  as 
walked  disorderly.  There  was  at 
this  time  residing  near  him  in 
Cambridge  a  companion  of  his 
youth,  who  was  also  a  Baptist. 
They  had  often  conversed  about 
their  responsibility  and  influence 
in  the  place  of  their  residence. 
After  the  lapse  of  several  years, 
they  determined  to  meet  in  Mr. 
Farwell's  room  once  each  week  for 
prayer.  This  they  continued  to  do 
for  two  years,  and  about  this  time 
other  places  were  opened  for  meet- 
ings. He  was  foremost  in  procuring 
the  aid  of  the  neighboring  clergy- 
men to  preach  an  occasional  lec- 
ture on  Sabbath  evening,  and  to 
encourage  the  formation  of  a  Bap- 
tist church,  which  was  done  in 
December,  1817.  As  those  engaged 
in  this  enterprise  had  relied  on  his 
judgment  and  ibllowed  his  counsel, 
tliey  elected  him  as  one  of  their 
officers. 

From  this  time  his  energy  and 
influence  were  devoted  to  the  ad- 
vancement of  evangelical  religion 
in  Cambridge.  He  was  ready  to 
make  anj^  sacrifice,  or  perform  any 


242 


Fa 


HAYNES'  BAPTIST 


Fa 


labor,  which  the  cause  seemed  to 
demand.  The  first  pastor  of  the 
church  (Rev.  Bela  Jacobs)  was  not 
in  good  health  for  several  years  of 
his  ministry.  Deacon  Farvvell  sel- 
dom allowed  a  day  to  pass  without 
calling  on  him  and  inquiring  if  any 
thing  was  needed  for  his  comfort, 
or  a  supply  for  the  Sabbath.  While 
the  pastor  did  what  his  health 
would  permit  in  visiting  the  church 
and  congregation,  that  there  should 
be  no  lack  in  this  respect,  Mr.  F. 
spent  much  time  in  visiting  the 
sick  and  others  connected  with  the 
congregation.  He  acquired  a  pecu- 
liarly happy  manner  in  these  offices 
of  Christian  kindness,  and  rendered 
efficient  aid  to  the  cause  of  religion 
in  this  way.  His  cares  multiplied 
with  his  years,  but  his  arrange- 
ments were  always  made  to  give 
room  and  time  for  the  performance 
of  his  duties  to  the  church.  His 
punctnality  in  his  business  engage- 
nients  was  proverbial ;  but  he  was 
no  less  constant  and  prompt  in  his 
attendance  on  all  the  social  meet- 
ings of  the  church,  than  in  his  se- 
cular arrangements. 

From  its  first  establishment  he 
was  a  teacher  in  the  Sabbath  school, 
and  for  many  years  acted  as  super- 
intendent. During  the  week  he 
sat  in  council  with  the  Senate  of 
the  commonwealth,  and  on  the 
Sabbath  took  his  place  before  his 
little  class  in  Sabbath  school.  Nor 
did  he  trust  to  his  general  know- 
ledge of  the  scriptures,  or  his  supe- 
rior talents,  as  a  sufficient  furnish- 
ing for  this  work,  but  made  special 
and  thorough  preparation  for  it. 
Before  engaging  in  the  business  of 
every  day,  he  almost  uniformly  sat 
down  to  prepare  for  the  Sabbath. 
This  was  his  habit  for  years.  It 
was  thus   he  became  one  of  the 


best  teachers  in  this  department  of 
religious  education ;  and  it  was 
thus  his  words  of  instruction  had 
great  weight  with  those  who  lis- 
tened to  him.  Much  of  the  exten- 
sive and  excellent  religious  influ- 
ence which  he  exerted  should  be 
ascribed  to  this  habit  of  searching 
the  scriptures  daily. 

His  uniformly  Christian  and 
gentlemanly  deportment  won  the 
confidence  and  esteem  of  all  who 
knew  him.  The  citizens  of  Cam- 
bridge honored  him  with  nearly 
all  the  municipal  trusts  in  their 
gift,  and  several  times  he  was  their 
representative  in  the  General  Court ; 
and  once  at  least  a  member  of  the 
Senate.  In  both  branches  of  the 
Legislature,  his  strong  common 
sense,  sterling  integrity,  and  general 
knowledge  of  legislation,  gave  him 
no  inconsiderable  influence. 

He  was  unaccustomed  to  public 
speaking,  and  made  no  pretensions 
to  oratory,  but  when  he  arose  he 
was  always  listened  to  with  re- 
spectful attention,  and  when  deep- 
ly moved  few  men  were  more  eff'ec- 
tive  in  their  address.  Very  many 
who  have  spent  years  in  the  pulpit 
or  at  the  bar  would  fail  to  restrain 
or  guide  the  tide  of  popular  feeling 
when  he  succeeded.  His  kind  per- 
suasive words,  his  calm  and  be- 
nignant look,  were  like  oil  on  the 
turbid  waters  of  excited  passion. 
When  speaking  of  the  great  truths 
of  religion,  the  wonderful  provisions 
of  the  gospel,  the  imperative  and 
constraining  nature  of  Christian 
obligation,  he  seldom  failed  to  reach 
the  heart  and  open  the  fountains 
of  feeling  so  as  to  call  forth  tears. 

His  cares  accumulated  with  the 
lapse  of  every  year.  The  assiduity 
and  faithfulness  with  which  he  dis- 
charared  the  duties  assigned  to  him 


Fa 


cyclop;edia. 


243 


by  institutions  and  societies.brought 
to  him  many  important  trusts,  and 
imposed  upon  him  many  exhaust- 
ing^ responsibilities.  He  had  for 
many  years  been  a  member  of  the 
Missionary  Board,  in  connexion 
with  which  he  lor  considerable 
time  discharged  the  duties  of  trea- 
surer. Often  has  he  said,  "  I  feel 
my  individual  property  pledged  to 
sustain  the  missionaries  whom  we 
have  sent  out,  and  to  meet  the  lia- 
bilities of  the  Board."  But  the  in- 
terest which  he  took  in  missions 
was  not  simply  official  and  pecu- 
niary :  his  heart  was  alive  to  all 
the  wants  of  stations  occupied,  and 
individuals  in  the  field.  His  prayers 
for  them  were  peculiarly  fervent 
and  appropriate  when  he  met  at 
the  concert. 

When  there  was  felt  in  the  com- 
munity the  need  of  an  institution 
for  the  education  of  young  men  for 
the  ministry,  he  was  found  in  sym- 
pathy with  intelligent  pastors,  and 
was  on  a  committee  with  the  late 
lamented  Cobb  and  Deacon  Bach- 
elder  of  Lynn,  to  select  a  site,  and 
make  some  arrangements  for  com- 
mencing operations.  The  result  of  j 
their  examination  and  inquiry  was 
the  purchase  of  a  large  estate  at 
Newton,  and  giving  of  it  to  the 
Education  Society,  as  a  gratuity. 
Of  this  institution  he  was  a  trustee 
from  its  commencement.  He  also 
sustained  the  office  of  treasurer  and 
general  supervisor.  Its  establisli- 
ment  was  an  undertaking  in  which 
he  felt  a  deep  interest,  and  to  pro- 
mote its  prosperity  he  devoted  much 
time  and  etiort.  To  its  support  he 
appropriated  much  of  his  means. 
For  many  years  he  visited  it  once, 
and  frequently  twice  a  week,  though 
living  at  a  distance  of  six  or  seven 
miles.   The  present  prosperous  state 


of  this  institution  is  owing  in  no 
small  measure  to  his  council,  and 
sacrifices  aiul  effort  in  its  behalf 
The  last  direction  which  he  gave 
when  on  his  dying  bed  was  con- 
cerning this  sacred  seminary. 

For  several  years  previous  to  his 
death  he  was  steward  of  Harvard 
College,  a  place  of  great  responsi- 
bility. Added  to  these,  more  public 
trusts  and  transactions,  his  acting 
as  trustee,  guardian,  executor,  &c., 
made  an  amount  of  labor  that  no 
man  could  perform  with  impunity 
for  any  considerable  time.  For 
several  years  he  had  occasional  ad- 
monitions of  this  in  the  brief  inter- 
ruptions which  were  made  by  sud- 
den attacks  of  severe  and  prostrat- 
ing pain  in  the  head.  He  seemed 
at  such  times  aware  of  the  cause  of 
his  illness,  but  it  had  becom'i  so 
natural  to  make  an  effort  to  oblige 
and  aid  all  who  applied  to  him, 
that  on  recovery  this  resolution  to 
refuse  such  applications,  which  he 
had  formed  in  his  sick-room,  were 
broken,  and  his  burdens  increased 
instead  of  being  diminished.  In 
J  843,  his  friends  saw  that  his 
strength  was  wasting  under  these 
exhausting  labors,  and  endeavored 
to  secure  some  release ;  but  the 
situation  of  his  family  seemed  to 
forbid,  and  he  kept  on  as  usual, 
with  the  added  effort  during  the 
winter  of  attending  the  Legislature 
as  one  of  the  representatives  of 
Cambridge.  He  was  obliged,  how- 
ever, to  obtain  leave  of  absence 
before  the  close  of  the  session.  In 
the  sanctuary  he  was  in  his  place, 
and  met  with  his  Bible  class  until 
February.  He  seemed  peculiarly 
interested  in  a  sermon  on  the  last 
Sabbath  which  he  attended  wor- 
ship with  us,  on  the  application  of 
the  principles  of  the  gospel  to  the 


244 


Fa 


HAYNES'  BAPTIST 


Fa 


business  of  life.  While  he  repudi- 
ated all  dependence  on  our  own 
works  as  a  ground  of  acceptance  or 
salvation,  yet  he  insisted  on  a  strict 
and  constant  obedience  to  the  pre- 
cepts of  the  gospel  as  being  the  only 
evidence  of  saving  faith  in  Jesus 
Christ. 

Mr.  F.  was  obliged  to  relinquish 
business  in  March,  but  there  was 
no  development  of  organic  disease 
which  the  medical  faculty  could 
detect.  His  strength  gradually  de- 
clined, but  his  mind  continued 
calm ;  and  he  entertained  some 
hope  of  recovery.  Not  a  murmur- 
ing word  ever  escaped  him  ;  but  he 
often  spoke  with  much  feeling  of 
the  goodness  of  God  as  manifested 
to  him  in  all  his  life,  and  especially 
of  the  mercy  which  he  had  received 
in  the  remission  of  his  sins  for 
Jesus'  sake.  His  conversation  was 
at  times  peculiarly  interesting. 
While  he  cherished  a  desire  to  re- 
cover, it  was  only  that  he  might 
be  permitted  to  continue  his  toil 
for  the  cause  of  Christ.  He  often 
spoke  of  his  release  and  his  rest 
with  great  interest  and  animation. 
One  of  his  last  conversations  was 
with  reference  to  the  encouraging 
intelligence  from  the  Missionary 
Convention,  then  in  session  at  Phi- 
liadelphia,  and  one  of  the  last  plans 
which  he  formed  was  to  attend  the 
anniversary  meeting  of  the  Foreign 
Mission  Society,  in  Boston,  which 
occurred  on  the  afternoon  and  at 
the  hour  of  his  funeral. 

For  some  days  before  his  death 
he  was  deprived  of  his  reason,  and 
the  power  of  intelligible  speech. 
His  death  was  without  a  struggle 
or  a  groan,  as  one  falling  asleep. 

It  was  so,  for  he  fell 

Asleep  in  Jesus !  blessed  sleep ! 
From  it  he'll  never  wake  to  weep ; 


A  calm  and  undisturbed  repose, 
Unbroken  by  the  last  of  foes. 

Baptist  Memorial. 

FAUKELIUS,  Herman,  a  writer 
against  the  Anabaptists,  who  flou- 
rished in  the  18th  century.  See 
Bayle's  Die,  vol.  i.,  p.  289,  note  k, 
art.  Anabaptists;  Benedict,  p.  926; 
and  particularly  art.  Bayle,  Peter, 
in  Baptist  Cyclopsedia. 

FRANKIUS,  A.  H.  We  can 
only  quote  from  his  work,  entitled 
"  Prograininata,"  progam.  xiv.,  p. 
343-344,  his  testimony  that  "  The 
baptism  of  Christ  represented  his 
sufferings,  (Matt.  xx.  22,)  and  his 
coming  up  out  of  the  water  his  re- 
surrectio)i  from  the  dead." 

FRANK,  Sebastian,  of  Wardens, 
published,  1563,  a  work,  entitled 
Chkonik,  or  Chronicle  of  Sebastian 
Frank.  He  was  a  German  Bap- 
tist. His  work  was  a  book  of  Mar- 
tyrdoms, Persecutions,  and  History 
of  German  Baptists,  and  develops 
and  defends  their  principles.  In 
our  history  this  author  will  be  more 
fully  noticed  under  its  chronological 
period. 

FRANCIS,  Benjamin,  a  Welsh 
Baptist,  author  of  a  poem  in  Welsh, 
entitled  "  Can  ar  Fedydd."  This 
is  rather  a  modern  work. 

FRANKLIN,  George,  a  Baptist 
minister  of  Georgia,  was  born  on 
James  River,  Virginia.  His  father, 
William  Franklin,  who  was  also  a 
Baptist  minister,  emigrated  to  War- 
ren county,  Georgia,  while  George 
was  quite  young.  His  father,  about 
1 790,  Wcis  minister  at  Brier  Creek,  in 
Warren  county,  and  by  the  manner 
of  his  sudden  death  at  Louisville, 
Georgia,  it  was  suspected  that  he 
was  murdered.  George  Franklin 
was  pastor  of  Buckeye  Church,  in 
Laurens  county.  He  was  several 
years  moderator  of  Hephzibah  As- 


Fa 


CYCLOPEDIA. 


Fa 


245 


sociation,  was  a  member  of  the 
General  Committee,  and  a  repre- 
sentative in  the  Legishiture  from 
Washington  county.  He  was  also 
a  member  of  the  Convention  to  re- 
vise the  constitution  of  the  state  in 
1798.  He  died  in  1815;  aged,  55. 
Campbell's  Georgia  Baptists,  p.  28. 

FRANKLYN.  We  find  a  Mr. 
Franklyn  inentioned  as  a  Supra- 
Lapsariau  Bapti.-5t  Pastor  ;  first,  at 
Mile-End  Town,  Chapel-street, 
London,  England,  about  1807, — a 
colony  from  Little  Alie-street,  Good- 
man's Fields.  He  is  represented 
as  popular  with  his  flock.  His 
church  afterwards  met  in  Red  Cross- 
street,  and  absorbed  the  extinct 
church  which  met  at  Bagnio-court, 
in  Newgate.  See  Wilson's  Hist. 
Dissent.  Churches,  &c.,  vol.  iii.,  p. 
304,  397. 

FABRICIUS,  JoHx,  in  Acad. 
Julia,  S.  T.  P.,  author  of  Considera- 
tio  variarum  Controversiarum,  vi- 
delicet earum  quaj  nobis  interce- 
dunt,  cum  Atlieis,  Gentilibus,  Ju- 
da^is,  Mahomedanis,  Socinianis, 
Anabaptist  is,  Pontificiis  et  Reforma- 
tis,  Hernst.  1704,  4to.     Bib.  Brit. 

FABRICIUS,  J.,  (probably  Jo/i;i 
Albert,)  Professor  of  Eloquence  at 
Hamburgh,  and  one  of  the  most 
eminent  and  laborious  scholars  ol' 
his  time  in  Europe,  was  born  at 
Leipsic,  1668  ;  died  at  Hamburgh, 
1736.  Had  he  written  no  others 
tiian  his  Bibliotheca,  Grajca,  Latina, 
Ecclesiastica,  &c.  For  the  list 
see  Bibliotheca  Britannica.  He 
taught,  "  Baptism  is  the  seal  of 
faith,"  which  is  begun  and  adorned 
by  the  faith  of  repentance.  We 
are  not,  therefore,  washed  that  we 
may  leave  off  sinning,  but  because 
we  have  already  done  it,  and  are 
already  purijied  in  hearth  Hist. 
Biblioth.  Fabrician  Tom.  i.,  p.  157. 


FABRICIUS,  Francis,  professor 
of  Divinity  in  the  University  of 
Leipsic,  was  born  at  Amsterdam, 
1663;  died,  1738.  In  the  catalogue 
of  his  principal  works,  one  entitled 
"  Chrystologia  Noachica  et  Abra- 
hamica."  Dissert.,  xi.  sec.  16,  may 
be  cited  :  "  I  conless  that  circum- 
cision, considered  externally,  that 
is,  without  a  divine  institution, 
might  seem  to  be  an  exceedingly 
ridiculous  and  shameful  rite."  If, 
however,  all  cliristians  acknowledge 
its  divine  institution,  and  deem 
this  fact  a  sufficient  reply  to  the 
cavils  of  infidelity  against  it,  why 
may  not  the  same  reasoning  by 
Baptists,  touching  immersion,  as 
properly  and  eftectually  silence 
Psedobaptist  ridicule  ?  This  Fabri- 
cius  was,  however,  very  bitter 
against  the  Jews,  scarcely  admit- 
ting the  possibility  of  the  descend- 
ants of  Christ's  murderers  being 
saved  by  Christ. 

FEATLEY,  Daniel,  a  learned 
controversial  writer  of  the  Church 
of  England,  was  born  near  Oxford, 
1532;  died,  1645.  His  works  were 
chiefly  directed  against  Popery, 
some  were  against  Presbytery,  and 
the  Baptists  shared  his  attentions. 
He  was  the  famous  author  of  a 
work,  entitled  ''The  Dippers  Dipt; 
being  a  Discourse  against  the  Ana- 
baptists," Lond.  1647,  4to.  For  the 
list  of  his  works,  see  Bib.  Brit.  In 
reference  to  this  book,  the  critique 
and  testimonial  of  a  distinguished 
Psedobaptist  historian  will  be  in- 
troduced, who  says:  "  On  the  17th 
of  October,  1642,  Mr.  Kiffin,  and 
three  other  Baptists,  held  a  dispu- 
tation in  Southwark  with  that  cele- 
brated champion,  Dr.  Daniel  Feat- 
ley.  The  only  account  we  have 
of  this  dispute  is  that  given  to  the 
public   by  the  Doctor,   about  two 


246 


Fa 


HAYNES'  BAPTIST 


Fa 


years  afterwards,  in  a  book  entitled 
'  The  Dippers  Dipt,  or  the  Anabap- 
tists Dnck'd  and  Plunof'd  over  Head 
and  Ears,  at  a  Dispntation  in 
SouthM^ark.'  Whatever  of  argu- 
ment is  contained  in  this  book,  the 
Doctor  has  loaded  his  adversaries 
with  plenty  of  abuse.  In  order  that 
the  reader  may  not  entertain  too 
favorable  an  idea  of  their  character, 
he  relates  some  remarkable  stories, 
to  prove  them — 1.  An  illiterate  and 
sottish  sect ;  2.  A  lying  and  blas- 
phemous sect ;  3.  An  impure  and 
carnal  sect ;  4.  A  cruel  and  bloody 
sect ;  5.  A  profane  and  sacrilegious 
sect.  A, id  he  sums  up  the  whole 
by  recording  some  fearful  judgments 
of  God  upon  the  ringleaders  of  the 
sect.  In  such  repute  was  the  Doc- 
tor's book  held  at  that  time,  that 
it  passed  through  no  less  than  six 
editions  in  as  many  years."  The 
sixth  edition  was  published  1651. 
The  foregoing  testimony  is  from 
Walter  Wilson's  Hist.  Dissent. 
Churches,  &c.,  vol.  i.,  p.  413.  Under 
Art.  DENNE,  Henry,  which  see,  we 
have  noticed  Mr.  Denne's  answer 
to  Dr.  Featley's  book,  and  recorded 
the  anecdote  of  their  interview  and 
correspondence,  while  both  were  in 
the  same  prison.  See  art.  KIFFIN, 
William,  also  the  works  of  Crosby, 
Ivimey,  and  Benedict,  pp.  266-267, 
and  Notes,  and  Wilson  ut  supra, 
and  A^ol.  ii.  p.  442.  In  his  Dippers 
Dipt,  7th  edition,  p.  7,  Dr.  Featley 
has  this  remarkable  passage,  re- 
markable for  him  :  "  Baw™,  i'rom 
whence  baptize  is  derived,  signitieth 
as  well  to  dye  as  to  dip;  and  it 
may  be  that  the  Holy  Gho,st,  in  the 
word  baptis7n,  hath  some  reference 
to  that  signification,  because  by 
baptism  we  change  our  hue.  For 
Varco  reporteth  of  a  river  in  Bocetia, 
that    the    water    thereof    turneth 


sheep  of  a  dark  or  dun  color  into 
white ;  so  the  sheep  of  Christ  are 
washed  in  the  font  of  baptism,  by 
virtue  of  Christ's  promise,  though 
before  they  were  never  so  dark,  sad, 
or  dirty  color,  yet  in  their  souls 
become  white  and  inirc,  and,  as  it 
were,  new  dyed."  Here  is  baptismal 
regeneration  as  strong  as  it  is  taught 
in  the  catechism  of  the  Council  of 
Trent,  as  taught  in  the  Church  of 
England,  and  as  plead  by  Dr.  Pu- 
sey.  Bishop  Ives,  and  by  Alexander 
Campbell,  hvAiii^hj dijijiing.  Who 
makes  a  saviour  of  baptism,  aye,  of 
immersion,  ?  Dr.  Featley.  That 
two  such  rabid  enemies  of  Baptists 
should  so  widely  differ  as  Baxter 
and  Featley — one  making  immer- 
sion to  regenerate  the  soul,  and  the 
other  calling  it  flat  murder,  and  a 
breach  of  the  commandment.  Thou 
shah  not  hill,  (see  Art.  Baxter,)  and 
yet  both  defend  infant  baptism,  and 
so  harmoniously  abuse  the  Baptists 
— is  a  phenomenon  for  which  the 
most  profound  mental  and  ethical 
philosopher  might  not  so  easily  ac- 
count. 

FELL,  Dr.  John,  bishop  of  Ox- 
ford, a  very  learned  divine,  and  son 
of  Samuel,  was  born  in  Berkshire, 
England,  162.5;  died,  1686.  To 
him  has  been  ascribed  the  author- 
ship of  the  following  work,  entitled 
"The  Interests  of  England  Stated; 
or,  A  faithful  and  just  Account  of 
the  Aims  of  all  Parties  now  prevail- 
ing, distinctly  treating  of  the  de- 
signinents  of  the  Roman  Catholics, 
Royalists,  Presbyterians,  Anabap- 
tists, 16.59,  4to.  Bib.  Brit.  In  his 
work,  entitled  "  Paraphrase  and 
Annotations  on  all  St.  Paul's  Epis- 
tles ;"  done  by  several  men  at  Ox- 
ford, corrected  and  improved,  3d 
edition,  Lond.  1702,  8vo.,  is  the 
tbllowino-  note  on  Rom.  vi.  4: — 


Fe 


CYCLOPiEDIA. 


Fe 


247 


"The  primitive  fashion  of  immer- 
sion under  the  water,  representing 
onr  death,  and  elevation  out  of  it 
aeain,  our  resurrection,  our  regene- 
ration." 

FLEETWOOD,  William,  suc- 
cessively bishop  of  St.  Asaph  and| 
Ely,  Enghind,  was  born  in  London, 
1656;  died,  1723.  lie  was  a  popu-; 
lar  preacher;  and  aniong  his  works | 
was  one,  entitled  "The  Judgment 
of  the  Church  of  England,  in  tlie| 
Case  of  Lay-Baptism,  and  of  Dis-  j 
senters'  Baptism,  by  which  it  ap-i 
pears  she  has  not,  by  any  public  act; 
of  hers,  declared  Lay-Baptisni  to  be ! 
invalid."  1712,  2d  edition,  8vo. 
Bib.  Brit.  | 

FERGUSON,  Robert,  an  Eng-i 
lish  author  of  several  able  theolo- : 
gical  works  ;  among  others,  "  The  I 
Interest  of  Reason  in  Religion,  of  i 
the  Use  of  jMetaphors,  and  of  the| 
Union  betwixt  Christ  and  Believers;! 
with  rellections  on  a  Discourse  by  I 
Mr.  Sherlock,"  Lond.  1675,  8vo.,  | 
has  on  pp.  328,  333,  334,  462,  the 
following,  on  the  principles  of  in- 1 
terpretation  of  language,  which,! 
philologically  as  well  as  practically,  \ 
are  correct.  "  If  men,"  says  he,  | 
"  be  permitted  to  forsake  the  natit- 1 
ral  and  genuine  sense  of  words,  j 
where  the  matter  is  capable  of  it,  j 
they  may,  notwithstanding  their 
dechiring  themselves  to  believe  the 
gospel,  yet  believe  nothing  at  all 
of  the  christian  faith.  We  are  not, 
to  forsake  the  genuine  and  natural ^ 
signification  oj  words,  unless  there 
be  the  highest  EvmEXCE  that  the 
author  did  otherwise  intend  them, 
saith  the  civil  law.  And,  as  Aus- 
tin saith,  The  proper  signification 
of  words  is  always  to  be  retained, 
unless  NECESSITY  enforce  us  to  ex-\ 
pound  them  otherwise.  Every  scrip-  i 
ture  expression,  word,  and  phrase  i 


is  to  be  taken  properly,  and  accord- 
ing to  its  origimil  and  immediate 
meaning,  if  nothing  of  absurdity, 
nothing  repugnant  to  faith,  or  dis- 
agreeable to  the  common  notices  of 
mankind,  arise  or  ensue  upon  such 
an  acceptation.  There  is  no  bonnd- 
ing  of  a  roving  fancy,  which  loves 
to  sport  itself  with  ideas  and  phan- 
tasms itself  has  raised,  without  con- 
fining ourselves  within  the  foresaid 
limits.  What  better  evidence  can 
we  have  of  the  sense  of  a  place 
than  that,  had  an  author  intended 
such  a  meaning,  he  could  have 
used  no  plainer  expression  to  de- 
clare it  ?" 

FELLOWS,  John,  an  English 
Methodist,  author  of — "  Hymns  on 
Believers'  Baptism,"  1773,  12mo. ; 
also  a  few  other  works,  among  them 
"  The  Holy  Bible,"  in  verse.  Bib. 
Brit. 

FLEMING,  Caleb,  a  Socinian 
minister,  born-  at  Nottingham, 
England,  1698;  died,  1779.  See 
Art.  BuRRouGHES,  Joseph.  Mr.  Fie-, 
ming  wrote  a  work,  entitled  "  An 
Appendix  to  the  Plea  for  Infants,'' 
in  reply  to  Mr.  Burroughes's  two 
Discourses  on  Positive  Institutions, 
and  published  1742  ;  and  Mr.  Bur- 
roughes  replied  again  in  1743.  See 
the  list  of  Fleming's  works  in  Bib. 
Brit. 

FLEMING,  Robert,  of  Georgia, 
a  Baptist,  author  of  "  An  Essay  on 
the  Baptism  of  John ;''  also  of  "  The 
Georgia  Baptist  Pulpit,"  &c. 

FREWIN,  Paul,  an  Anabap- 
tist, (says  Dr.  Calamy,)  was  ejected 
from  Kemply,  in  the  county  of 
Gloucester,  England,  by  the  act  of 
uniformity.  "Alter  this  ejectment, 
he  was  minister  to  a  congregation 
at  Warwick,  a  good  preacher,  and 
a  very  popular  man."  Crosby,  vol. 
iii.,  p.  11. 


248 


Fe 


HAYNES'  BAPTIST 


Fe 


FELLOWS,  an  English  Baptist, 
author  of  "  Six  Views  of  Believers' 
Baptism."     Ben.,  p.  207. 

FREER,  J.,  an  English  Baptist, 
author  of  "  Infant  Sprinkling  not 
Scriptural  Baptism." 

FERRIS,  Jonathan.  "  Oh  ! 
Jonathan,  thou  wast  slain  in  thy 
high  places.  I  am  distressed  for 
thee,  my  brother  Jonathan ;  very 
pleasant  hast  thou  been  unto  me  !" 

Religion,  in  its  operations  on  the 
human  mind,  is  designed  to  pro- 
duce a  portrait  of  the  Divine  char- 
acter ;  and  in  what  can  we  more 
clearly  discover  the  lovely  perfec- 
tions of  our  adorable  Savioiu'  than 
in  the  virtuous  and  upright  lives  of 
his  dear  children  in  this  world  ? 
In  reviewing  the  'conduct  of  those 
who  have  appeared  eminent  in 
piety,  and  have  now  taken  their 
departure  into  the  eternal  world, 
the  religious  traits  in  their  charac- 
ter shine  I'orth  in*  the  most  vivid 
color,  and  produce  a  fascinating 
efl'ect  on  the  mind  of  the  observer, 
and  imperceptibly  lead  to  the  great 
Fountain  of  all  moral  beauty.  Ex- 
amples produce  greater  effects  than 
precepts.  For  this  reason  the  spirit 
of  inspiration  has  favored  us  with 
the  previous  traits  in  the  lives  of 
holy  men  of  old.  The  example  is 
worthy  of  imitation  ;  for  "  the 
righteous  shall  be  had  in  everlast- 
ing remembrance." 

Eld.  Jonathan  Ferris  was  the 
son  of  Dea.  Israel  Ferris,  and  was 
born  in  Stamford,  Dutchess  county, 
N.  Y.,  on  the  25th  of  April,  1778. 
From  a  child  he  was  a  subject  of 
serious  impressions.  He  at  length 
obtained  a  satisfactory  evidence  of 
his  adoption,  and  in  the  year  1796 
was  baptized  by  Elder  Elkanah 
Holmes,  then  a  missionary  among 
the  Indians.     He  was  the  first  per- 


Ison  that  was  baptized  in  the  town 
of  Norwich,  Chen,  co.,  N.  Y.  Soon 
after  his  baptism  a  church  arose  in 
that  town,  with  which  he  united. 
He  was  married  to  Miss  Rhoda 
Purdy,  daughter  of  Deacon  James 
Purdy,  of  Plymouth,  Chen,  co.,  N. 
Y.,  in  1798.  May  20,  1803,  he  re- 
ceived a  license  from  the  church  to 
improve  his  gij't  in  preaching;  and 
August  25,  1808,  he  was  set  apart 
to  the  work  of  the  gospel  ministry, 
in  the  church  in  North  Norwich, 
by  solemn  ordination.  He  con- 
tinued his  pastoral  labors  with  this 
church  until  Oct.  25th,  1817.  His 
labors  in  this  place  were  greatly 
blessed,  to  the  edification  of  the 
people  of  God  and  the  awakening 
of  sinners.  There  was  from  year 
to  year  a  gradual  increase  of  num- 
bers in  the  church.  But  in  the 
years  of  1810  and  1811  a  glorious 
revival  took  place,  during  which 
eighty-three  precious  souls  were 
added  to  the  church,  many  of 
M^hom  were  youth.  In  this  hal- 
lowed season  of  Divine  influence 
his  soul  was  on  the  wing,  rejoicing 
in  the  glorious  triumph  of  Divine 
grace,  and  laboring  incessantly  to 
promote  the  glorious  cause  of  the 
divine  Redeemer.  In  1816'  it 
pleased  the  Lord  again  to  pour  out 
his  Spirit  on  this  church  and  so- 
ciety, which  produced  an  addition 
of  sixty  souls  to  the  church.  About 
the  same  time  a  shower  of  Divine 
influences  descended  on  the  village 
of  Norwich,  which  caused  an  ac- 
cession of  one  hundred  and  one  mem- 
bers to  the  church  in  that  place. 
In  this  revival  Br.  F.  was  very  ac- 
tive and  exceedingly  useful.  He  bap- 
tized nearly  all  the  new  members, 
as  their  pastor.  Elder  J.  Randall, 
was  unable  to  administer,  by  reason 
of  a  dislocation  of  his  shoulder. 


Fe 


CYCLOPyEDIA. 


Pe 


249 


But  in  the  midst  of  his  useful 
labors  in  this  vicinity,  Providence 
seemed  to  call  upon  him  to  relin- 
quish his  pastoral  charife.  Accord- 
ingly, on  the  2oth  of  Oct.  1817,  he 
gave-  in  his  resignation,  and  re- 
moved to  Milo,  in  tlie  county  of 
Yates,  N.Y.  Here  he  was  called 
upon'  to  take  the  pastoral  care  of 
the  church  in  Milo  and  Jerusalem. 
In  this  relation  he  continued  until 
the  time  of  his  melancholy  exit. 
His  labors  in  this  vicinity  were 
greatly  blessed,  especially  the  last 
vear,  in  which  he  was  called  upon 
to  baptize  a  large  number  in  Pult- 
ney. 

But  it  pleased  the  sovereign  Dis- 
poser of  all  events  to  present  him 
with  a  bitter  cup,  of  which  he  must 
drink;  for  on  the  6th  of  Sept.  1820, 
the  desire  of  his  eyes,  the  wife  of 
his  youth,  was  called  from  these 
mortal  shores  to  the  enjoyment  of 
brighter  pleasures  in  the  world 
above.  The  stroke  was  heavy  ; 
yet  with  due  submission  he  bowed 
to  the  will  of  God.  On  the  occa- 
sion he  writes  thus  :  "  After  being 
wedded  to  her  about  twenty-two 
years,  death  hath  dissolved  the  con- 
nexion, and  left  me  with  seven 
motherless  children,  and  a  large 
circle  of  relatives  and  friends,  to 
mourn  under  the  bereaving  provi- 
dence. I  know,  O  Lord  !  that  thy 
judgments  are  right,  and  that  thou 
in  faithfulness  hast  afflicted  me." 
In  1821  he  married  the  widow 
Rachel  Roberts,  a  worthy  member 
of  the  church  in  Montgomery, 
Penn.,  under  the  pastoral  care  of 
the  Rev.  Silas  Hough.  In  this 
woman  he  found  an  agreeable 
companion,  a  kind  mother  to  his 
children,  and  a  real  helper  in  the 
gospel. 

But  this  happ)'  family  were  not 


allowed  long  to  enjoy  each  other  ; 
for  on  Tuesday,  the  17th  of  June, 
1823,  about  lour  o'clock,  p.m.,  a 
cloud  arose  from  the  south-west, 
highly  charged  with  the  electric 
fluid,  and  seemed  to  pass  over,  but 
soon  returned  ;  the  lightning  and 
thunder  were  incessant.  Br.  F. 
observed  the  clouds  had  a  singular 
appearance,  and  seemed  anxious  to 
watch  their  movements,  and  fre- 
quentlj'  went  to  the  door,  until  re- 
quested by  his  daughter  to  cojne 
away.  He  came  and  took  a  seat 
by  her,  but  in  a  moment  left  the 
seat,  and  went  to  the  window ;  but 
as  he  was  stooping  to  look  out,  the 
angel  of  death,  arrayed  in  flames, 
gave  the  fatal  stroke,  and  his  soul 
took  its  departure  to  the  realms  of 
glory.  The  explosion  damaged  the 
house  very  much,  but  no  other  per- 
son received  any  lasting  injury. 
His  daughter's  apron  was  set  on 
fire,  and  when  the  neighbors  entered 
they  found  his  clothes  burning,  but 
could  perceive  no  signs  of  life  in 
him. 

He  was  interred  on  the  follow- 
ing day,  when  an  appropriate  dis- 
course was  delivered  by  Eld.  Amos 
Chase,  to  a  large  and  deeply  affected 
congregation,  from  Psalm  xii.  1  : 
"  Help,  Lord,  for  the  godly  man 
ceaseth ;  for  the  faithl'ul  fail  from 
among  the  children  of  men."  He 
had  for  some  time  previous  to  his 
death  been  exercised  with  an  un- 
usual concern  for  the  souls  of  his 
fellow-men,  and  preached  with 
much  freedom  and  fervency  on  the 
distinguishing  doctrines  of  the  gos- 
pel. On  the  Sabbath  before  his 
death,  he  preached  three  sermons, 
with  much  power,  seeming  to  his 
hearers  to  possess  unusual  liberty 
of  thought  and  utterance.  His  last 
text  was  in  Acts  xx.  21:  "Testify- 


250 


Fe 


HAYNES'  BAPTIST 


Fe 


ing  both  to  the  Jews  and  to  the 
Greeks  repentance  toward  God  and 
faith  toward  our  Lord  Jesus  Christ." 
His  hrbors  were  divided  between 
three  distinct  congregations,  among 
two  of  wliich  some  hopeful  appear- 
ances cheered  his  heart,  while  the 
one  with  which  he  was  locally  si- 
tuated seemed  to  remain  unaffected 
under  his  pious  and  faithful  ad- 
monitions and  pathetic  prayers. 
This  circumstance  seemed  to  try 
his  faith,  and  to  move  him  to  tears; 
but  God  still  chose  to  hide  from 
him  the  thing  which  he  intended 
to  do  ibr  that  people,  and  called 
him  to  cease  from  his  labors,  and 
enter  into  his  rest. 

On  the  Sabbath  following  this 
melancholy  providence  the  people 
appeared  much  aftected ;  the  saints 
were  aroused  to  a  sense  of  their 
duty,  and  strengthened  to  take  up 
their  cross  and  come  up  to  the  help 
of  the  Lord,  notwishstanding  He 
had  removed  their  under-shepherd 
from  them;  while  sinners,  impress- 
ed with  the  thoughts  of  death, 
judgment,  and  eternity,  cried, 
What  shall  we  do  ?  and  some,  in  | 
view  of  the  misimprovement  of 
their  time  and  neglect  of  his  minis- 
try, reproached  themselves,  saying, 
"  How  often  has  he  warned  us  of 
our  danger,  and  prayed  for  our  souls, 
and  we  regarded  it  not !"  About 
twenty  on  that  day  rose  up  in  the 
congregation,  and  asked  the  prayers 
of  God's  people  for  them.  A  sub- 
sequent account  states  that  many 
souls  there  have  been  hopefully 
brought  into  gospel  liberty  ;  some 
had  been  baptized,  and  the  work 
was  still  progressing. 

As  a  husband  and  parent,  he  was 
exemplary,  kind,  and  affectionate. 
As  a  friend,  faithful  and  sincere. 
As  a  christian,  meek  and  holy;  and 


being  favored  with  a  melodious 
voice,  he  might  be  considered  as 
one  of  the  sweet  singers  of  Israel : 
he  took  great  delight  in  singing 
the  praises  of  God.  As  a  minister, 
although  his  preaching  talents 
were  not  above  mediocrity,  he  was 
;  sound  in  the  faith,  and  a  firm  ad- 
vocate of  the  doctrine  of  free  grace. 
I  As  a  pastor,  he  was  exemplary, 
;  gently  leading  the  flock,  and  feed- 
ing them  with  the  sincere  milk  of 
the  word  ;  always  endeavoring  to 
maintain  peace  and  harmony  in  the 
church.  Being  diffident  and  unas- 
suming, he  was  always  ready  to 
ask  and  receive  council  of  his 
brethren. 

Such  was  this  valuable  man ; 
and  in  view  of  the  circumstance  of 
his  death,  cut  off  in  the  midst  of 
his  usefulness,  we  are  led  to  admire 
and  wonder  at  the  Divine  admin- 
istration. Yet  it  becomes  us  to  be 
still,  and  know  that  he  is  God,  and 
submit  all  to  Him 

"  Who  works  in  a  mysterious  way, 
His  wonders  to  perform ; 
He  plants  his  footsteps  in  the  sea, 
And  rides  upon  the  storm." 

Peck  and  Lawton,  pp.  219-222. 

FERRIS,  Enoch,  was  born  May 
10,  1762,  in  Dutchess  county. 
New- York.  His  father  removed 
to  Stan  wick.  Conn.,  when  Enoch 
-was  only  two  years  old.  His  mind 
was  impressed  with  the  reality  of 
divine  things  when  about  eight  or 
nine  years  of  age.  In  his  sixteenth 
year  he  entertained  hope  in  the 
mercy  of  God,  and  in  the  next  year 
be  united  with  the  Baptist  church 
in  New  Lebanon,  N.  Y.  In  his 
nineteenth  year  he  married,  and 
settled  in  Canaan.  He  early  em- 
ployed his  talents  in  exhortation  ; 
but  through  the  cares  of  the  world, 
he  soon  forgot  his  closet  and  family 


Fe 


CYCLOPEDIA. 


Fe 


251 


devotions,  and  also  neglected  his 
public  exercises.  At  this  time  his 
feet  had  well  nigh  slipped  ;  but 
God  in  mercy  reclaimed  him,  by 
means  of  a  simple  question  from  an 
unbelieving  cousin,  "  Why  does 
not  cousin  prciy  as  he  did  formerly  ?  ' 
This  question  suggested  the  thought 
that  even  unbelievers  took  notice 
of  his  apostacy.  It  greatly  agitated 
his  mind,  and  resulted  in  his  return 
to  his  duty,  with  deep  sorrow  and 
confession.  An  extensive  revival 
soon  followed  ;  and  the  cousin  Avho 
proposed  the  question  to  him  was 
the  first  convert.  From  this  time 
he  engaged  in  public  exercises,  and 
was  licensed  to  preach  the  gospel. 
He  was  ordained  in  the  town  of 
Southeast,  in  the  year  1787,  and 
continued  to  preach  in  that  place, 
at  Salem,  and  Nassau,  until  he 
was  employed  by  the  New- York 
Baptist  Missionary  Society  as  their 
missionary.  His  heart  was  much 
in  this  work,  as  will  be  seen  by  an 
extract  from  one  of  his  first  letters 
to  the  Board. 

"  I  have  not  had  one  barren  sea- 
son. The  Lord  has  been  my  helper. 
I  hear  more  Macedonian  cries  than 
I  can  answer.  Dear  brethren,  pray 
for  me,  that  I  may  be  kept  at  my 
Master's  feet,  and  be  made  wise  to 
feed  the  flock  and  to  win  souls. 
The  prospect  before  me  is  favor- 
able at  present.  I  know  not  when 
I  have  enjoyed  a  more  precious 
season  to  my  soul  than  since  I 
began  my  ride.  INIy  prayer  to  God 
is,  that  you  may  be  filled  with  the 
fruit  of  your  missionary  exertions." 

In  1816  he  removed  to  Mexico, 
Oswego  county,  and  continued  to 
labor  as  a  missionary  in  a  wide  cir- 
cuit. In  1817  he  witnessed  the 
rise  of  three  new  churches,  and  the 
enlare:ement  of   others,   under   hi.« 


instrumentality.  In  1819  he  re- 
moved to  Richland  ;  and  receiving 
no  aid,  for  a  considerable  time,  from 
any  society,  he  experienced  the 
chills  of  poverty,  while  the  calls 
about  him  were  not  diminished. 
Amid  his  gloomy  prospects  he  thus 
writes  : 

"  There  never  was  a  time  when 
a  faithful  missionary  was  more 
needed  than  at  present ;  for  the 
greater  part  of  the  people  are  poor 
in  the  extreme,  and  but  few  are 
able  to  do  anything  towards  sup- 
porting ministers.  But  they  have 
precious  souls ;  and  multitudes  are 
perishing  for  lack  of  the  knowledge 
of  salvation  by  Jesus  Cbrist.  Had 
I  not  some  longings  for  their  sal- 
vation, I  should  quit  the  field  ;  for 
the  time  I  have  spent  the  year  past, 
(for  which  I  receive  no  other  com- 
pensation than  the  pleasure  I  realise 
in  performing  the  work,  and  in 
waiting  for  and  witnessing  the 
Divine  blessing  on  my  labor,)  is 
worth  to  my  family  more  than  one 
hundred  dollars.  Thus,  you  see 
my  missionary  tax  is  great.  I  have 
worn  out  the  most  of  my  clothes, 
and  have  no  way  to  get  more  ;  but 
I  trust  the  Lord  will  provide." 
Again,  he  writes :  "  Such  is  the 
pressing  desire  I  feel  to  impart  the 
word  of  life  to  the  destitute  in  this 
wilderness,  that  I  must,  while  I 
have  strength,  listen  to  the  Mace- 
donian cries  around  me." 

Through  the  instrumentality  of 
a  kind  uncle,  the  Lord  was  pleased, 
in  1825  or  1826,  to  relieve  him  from 
the  pressure  of  poverty,  and  open 
to  him  the  fairest  prospects  of  a 
comfortable  old  age.  This  he  re- 
garded with  much  gratitude  to 
God.  In  1836  he  writes  to  the 
Missionary  Society  thus  : 

"  I  do  not  believe  it  is  my  duty 


252 


Fe 


HAYNES'  BAPTIST 


Fe 


to  ask  you  for  any  further  assist- 
ance. I  expect  tliis  to  be  the  last 
letter  I  shall  write  to  you  in  the 
character  of  a  missionary.  I  wish 
I  could  express  the  feelings  of  my 
heart  towards  you  while  I  take  my 
leave  of  you.  I  shall  never  forget 
your  kindness  to  me,  and  the  poor 
in  this  wilderness,  while  the  fruits 
of  your  benevolence  are  around  me." 

After  this,  however,  he  received 
some  more  aid  from  the  Society. 
His  health  had  been  failing  for 
more  than  a  year ;  but,  prompted 
by  zeal  in  his  Master's  cause,  he 
made  an  excursion,  in  August,  into 
the  southern  part  of  the  county, 
where  he  visited  from  house  to 
house,  and  preached  as  frequently  as 
in  his  younger  days.  On  the  morn- 
ing of  the  first  Sabbath  in  Sept.  he 
labored  under  such  indisposition, 
that  it  was  with  difficulty  he  could 
arise  from  his  knees  after  family 
devotion.  He  was  unable  to  preach 
that  day.  The  next  day  he  was 
unusually  animated  in  christian 
conversation — still  intimating  that 
he  should  not  recover  from  that  ill- 
ness. After  this  he  was  not  able  to 
walk  out.  In  all  his  sickness, 
while  his  reason  continued,  he  was 
resigned  and  comfortable  in  his 
prospects.  On  the  6th  of  October, 
1830,  he  was  kindly  dismissed  from 
his  Master's  service  in  this  world, 
and,  as  we  have  reason  to  think, 
was  taken  to  praise  God  in  the 
sanctuary  above,  in  the  69th  year 
of  his  age.  On  the  8th  day  of  Oct. 
his  funeral  was  attended  by  a  nu- 
merous assembly  of  neighbors  and 
christian  friends. 

When  we  view  the  successful 
service  of  tliis  departed  saint,  the 
uniform  piety  which  he  maintained 
through  a  long  life  of  trials,  and 
his  entire  submission  to  the  Divine 


will  through  his  last  illness,  we 
cannot  but  admire  the  grace  that 
enabled  him  thus  to  finish  his 
course.  Peck  and  Lawton,  pp.  222- 
225. 

FRE  Y,  Joseph  Samuel  Christian, 
a  Baptist,  author  of — 1.  A  Hebrew 
Lexicon.  2.  Judah  and  Israel.  3. 
Joseph  and  Benjamin.  3.  Treatise 
on  Baptism.  4.  Lectures  on  the 
Scripture  Types.  5.  Frey's  Nar- 
rative ;  and  various  other  learned 
and  valuable  works  so  generally 
circulated  throughout  the  United 
States  by  the  venerable  and  inde- 
fatigable author,  yet  living,  as  ren- 
der more  special  notice  scarcely 
necessary.  He  was  a  Jew  by  birth, 
became  a  christian,  united  with 
Presbyterians  first,  and  finally  be- 
came a  Baptist.  See  any  of  his 
works  for  a  list  of  the  whole,  and 
particularly  his  Narrative  of  his 
Life,  which  is  full  of  interest,  as 
are  all  of  his  works. 

FLETCHER,  Asaph,  M.D.,  was 
born  at  Westford,  Middlesex  co., 
Mass.,  on  the  28th  of  June,  1746. 
(O.  S.)  He  became  the  subject  of 
serious  religious  impressions  at  the 
early  age  of  ten  years.  He  has  left 
among  his  manuscripts  a  very  in- 
teresting account  of  his  religious 
experience,  and  conversion  at  the 
age  of  sixteen.  I  regret  that  the 
space  allowed  me  will  not  permit 
me  to  make  any  extracts  from  this 
paper.  His  parents  belonged  to  the 
Congregational  Church,  and  he  was 
sprinkled  in  his  infancy  according 
to  the  doctrine  and  usage  of  that 
church.  There  were  no  Baptists  in 
the  town  in  which  he  lived,  and 
he  had  no  personal  acquaintance 
with  any  persons  of  that  denomi- 
nation ;  but  by  carefully  examining 
the  New  Testament,  and  by  that 
only,  in  spite  of  the  prejudices  of 


Fe 


CYCLOr.EDIA. 


Fe 


253 


his  education  and  association,  he 
hecaiue  a  Baptist  in  principle.  His 
iViends  strongly  opposed  his  joining 
a  Baptist  church,  and  their  opposi- 
tion was  a  great  trial  and  affliction 
to  hiin  ;  but  from  a  conscientious 
conviction  of"  duty,  he  Avas  baptized 
by  immersion,  and  united  with  the 
Baptist  Church  in  Leicester,  Mass., 
loth  of  May,  1768,  being  then  al- 
most twenty-two  years  of  age. 
From  that  day  to  the  day  of  his 
death,  he  continued  an  active  and 
devoted  member  of  some  Baptist 
cliurch,  being  a  period  of  more  than 
seventy  years.  At  about  the  age 
of  22,  he  established  himself  as  a 
physician  in  his  native  town  of 
Westford,  and  pursued  this  profes- 
sion with  signal  usefulness  and 
success  till  the  inhrmities  of  great 
age  made  it  necessary  for  him  to 
retire  from  active  life. 

If  I  were  not  obliged  to  be  very 
brief,  I  should  take  pleasure  in 
dwelling  upon  his  professional 
character  and  success.  Beside 
many  other  public  offices,  which 
he  held  while  he  remained  in  3Ias- 
sachusetts,  he  was  a  member  of 
the  Convention  which  formed  the 
Constitution  of  that  common  wealth, 
in  1780.  In  that  Convention  he 
struggled  hard  to  ingraft  into  the 
Constitution  the  principle  held  by 
Baptists,  that  no  man  should  be 
compelled  by  law  to  pay  taxes  for 
the  support  of  preaching,  but  that 
all  such  contributions  should  be 
voluntary,  and  according  to  the  dic- 
tates of  conscience.  He  afterwards 
successfully  advocated,  through  the 
press,  and  maintained  this  principle 
of  religious  liberty,  in  the  state  of 
Vermont.  Though  he  failed  to 
effect  the  object  for  which  he  con- 
tended in  the  Convention,  yet  he 
lived  to  see  the  principle  which  he 


maintained  carried  out  in  the  con- 
stitution and  laws  of  Massachu- 
setts. On  the  3d  day  of  Oct.  1776, 
he  was  married  to  Sally  Green, 
(laughter  of  Jonathan  Green,  of 
Chelsea,  Mass.  In  the  month  of 
February,  17S7,  he  removed  to  Ca- 
vendish, in  the  state  of  Vermont, 
where  he  continued  to  reside  till 
his  death.  At  the  time  of  his  re- 
moval to  A^ermont,  that  state  was 
not  a  member  of  the  union,  and  he 
was  a  member  of  thfe  convention 
which  applied  to  Congress  for  ad- 
mission. He  was  shortly  after  a 
member  of  a  convention  to  revise 
the  constitution  of  that  state.  He 
was  frequently  a  member  of  the 
Legislature,  for  some  years  one  of 
the  judges  of  the  County  Court,  for 
several  years  a  member  of  the  coun- 
cil, and  was  one  of  the  electors  of 
President  and  Vice-President  when 
Mr.  Monroe  was  first  elected.  He 
was  for  a  time  President  of  the 
Medical  Society  of  his  county,  and 
delivered  lectures  before  that  body. 
He  held  many  other  offices,  not  im- 
portant to  mention,  but  which 
manifested  the  respect  in  which 
he  was  held,  and  the  confidence 
reposed  in  him.  He  died  peacefully, 
surrounded  by  a  numerous  company 
of  affectionate  and  devoted  children 
and  grandchildren,  on  the  5th  of 
January,  1839,  aged  92  years.  His 
wife,  with  whom  he  had  lived  most 
happily  for  sixty  years,  and  who 
still  lives  in  the  grateful  and  affec- 
tionate remembrance  of  her  chil- 
dren and  grandchildren,  had  de- 
ceased a  few  years  before  his  own 
death. 

My  limits  will  allow  me  but  a 
few  brief  remarks  on  his  general 
character.  He  was  at  all  times,  in 
public  and  in  private  life,  an  hum- 
ble and  devoted  christian:  he  loved 


254 


Ft 


HAYNES'  BAPTIST 


Fi 


the  church,  he  loved  his  christian 
brethren.  He  had  an  uncommonly 
accurate  and  thorough  knowledge 
of  the  scriptures,  and  took  great 
delight  in  conversing  with  chris- 
tian ministers  on  the  great  truths 
and  principles  of  revealed  religion. 
His  advantages  for  an  education  in 
early  life  were  very  small,  and  he 
was  almost  wholly  a  self-taught 
man.  Still  he  made  himself  quite 
a  respectable  English  scholar,  and 
acquired,  without  the  aid  of  any 
teacher,  a  considerable  knowledge 
of  the  Latin  and  Greek  languages. 
He  acquired  the  knowledge  of 
Greek  for  the  especial  purpose  of 
being  able  to  understand,  with 
greater  accuracy,  the  New  Testa- 
ment, and  more  particularly  upon 
the  subject  of  baptism.  He  was 
thoughtful  and  serious,  and  possess- 
ed habits  of  patient  and  persever- 
ing investigation.  He  had  a  sound 
and  well-balanced  mind,  and  un- 
common calmness  and  equanimity 
of  temper.  He  cherished  an  un- 
wavering faith  in  an  overruling 
Providence,  which  sustained  him 
in  the  midst  of  trials,  and  in  the 
darkest  hour.  But  I  must  not  omit 
to  record  his  unaffected  modesty 
and  simplicity.  He  was  retiring 
and  unobtrusive,  without  a  particle 
of  vanity  or  love  of  display.  His 
great  and  constant  purpose  was  to 
fill  up  life  with  duty.  He  lived 
long,  and  lived  well. 

"  And  thou  shalt  go  to  thy  fathers 
in  peace ;  thou  shalt  be  buried  in 
a  good  old  age."  Hon.  Richard 
Fletcher,  in  Ben.  p.  488,  489. 

FIELD,  Richard,  D.D.,  an  emi- 
nent English  divine,  was  born  in 
Hertford  county,  1561;  died,  1616. 
He  was  author  of — 1.  Sermon  on 
Jude,  V.  3,  1604,  4to.  2.  History 
of  the  Church,  in  four  books,  Lond. 


1606,  foh ;  Oxford,  1628,  fol.  3. 
Of  the  Church,  five  books ;  with 
an  Appendix,  containing  a  Defence 
of  such  parts  and  passages  of  the 
former  four  books  as  have  either 
been  excepted  against,  or  wrested 
to  the  maintenance  of  Romish 
errors,  Oxford,  1655,  fol.  His  Life 
was  published  by  Nathaniel  Field. 
In  his  work,  '•  On  the  Church,"  p. 
375,  (we  are  not  certain  which 
edition,)  he  says  :  "  The  baptism  of 
infants  is  therefore  named  a  tradi- 
tion, becanse  it  is  not  cxjrrcssly  de- 
livercd  in  scripture,  that  the  Apos- 
tles did  baptize  infants ;  nor  any 
express  precept  there  found  that 
they  should  do  so."     Bib.  Brit. 

FISHER,  John,  an  English  Je- 
suit of  the  17th  century,  whose  true 
name  was  Percy,  born  in  Yorkshire, 
1594;  died  after  1625,  time  un- 
known. He  wrote  against  Protest- 
ants, and  is  quoted  by  the  author 
of  "  Popery  Confuted  by  Papists," 
p.  127  :  From  which  of  his  works 
does  not  appear,  as  saying,  "that 
in  the  scripture  there  is  no  express 
practice  nor  precept  of  worshipping 
the  image  of  Christ.  Yet  there  be 
principles  which,  the  light  of  na- 
ture supposed,  convince  adoration 
to  be  lawful."  This  passage  is 
quoted  here,  simply  because  it  ren- 
ders the  occasion  opportune  to  ob- 
serve, that  this  argument  of  the 
Jesuit,  to  vindicate  the  idolatry  of 
Christ's  image,  in  violation  of  the 
commandment  prohibiting  idolatry, 
is  the  same  argument  most  success- 
fully employed  by  some  Protestants 
to  prove  infant  baptism.  They  ap- 
peal, as  he  does,  from  the  authority 
of  scripture,  to  analogy — the  prin- 
ciples of  the  light  of  nature — pa- 
rental tenderness — and  thus  substi- 
tute for  Christianity  rank  Deism; 
for  it  deserves  no  better  name — 


Fi 


CYCLOPEDIA. 


Fi 


255 


rather,  it  is  Paganism,  which  sub- 
stitutes human  institutions  for 
divine  rites. 

FISHER,  Samuel,  an  English 
Baptist,  author  of  the  only  folio 
against  infant  baptism  emanating 
from  English  Baptists,  entitled, 
"  Baby  Baptism  Mere  Babijismy 
Some  further  particulars  concerning 
him  may  be  gathered  from  Crosby, 
vol.  i;  p.  359. 

FRISTOE,  William.  See  Tay- 
lor's LiA'es  of  Virginia  Baptist 
Ministers,  p.  66. 

FRISTOE,  Daniel,  was  born  at 
Chappawomsick,  Stafford  county, 
Virginia,  December  7,  1739.  He 
was  bred  an  Episcopalian,  but  em- 
braced the  Baptist  sentiments  soon 
after  they  began  to  prevail  in  Vir- 
ginia, and  was  baptized  by  his 
spiritual  father,  David  Thomas. 
AVhen  young,  he  received  a  liberal 
English  education,  and  though  fond 
of  fashionable  amusements,  was  not 
addicted  to  the  grosser  vices  of  the 
times. 

His  conversion  was  brought  about 
on  this  wise.  When  about  twenty- 
three  years  of  age,  his  curiosity  led 
him  to  go  to  a  considerable  distance 
to  hear  a  Baptist  preacher,  whose 
name  is  not  known.  While  at  the 
uieeting,  his  horse  strayed  away, 
which  obliged  him  to  tarry  all 
night  at  the  place.  In  the  course 
of  the  evening,  many  came  in,  who 
had  lately  been  converted,  and 
who,  by  entering  freely  into  reli- 
gious conversation,  brought  strange 
things  to  his  ears,  and  awakened 
his  attention  to  eternal  things.  He 
returned  home  with  much  serious- 
ness and  solicitude,  and  after  labor- 
ing awhile  under  great  distress  of 
mind,  was  brought  into  the  libertv 
of  the  gospel.  He  now  began  ex- 
horting, but  was  soon  called  by  his 


I  brethren  to  the  ministry.  His 
course  was  short  but  rapid,  and  the 
success  which  attended  his  labors 
[appears  to  have  been  unusually 
;  great.  About  the  year  1774,  he 
'was  sent  as  a  messenger  from  the 
Ketockton  to  the  Philadelphia  As- 
sociation. Here  he  caught  the 
I  small-pox,  and,  after  a  short  tour 
j  of  preaching  in  New  Jersey,  return- 
ied  to  Philadelphia,  and  began  his 
1  journey  homeward,  but  was  laid  by 
at  Slarcus  Hook,  a  small  town,  a 
few  miles  below  the  city,  where  he 
died  in  the  thirty-fifth  year  of  his 
age.  His  remains  were  carried 
back  to  Philadelphia,  and  buried 
in  the  Baptist  ground. 

The  Ibllowing  extract  from  Mr. 
Fristoe's  journal,  which  has  been 
preserved  by  Mr.  Edwards,  contains 
the  most  interesting  account  of  his 
ministry  which  I  have  been  able 
to  obtain  ;  for  his  biography  has 
been  almost  neglected. 

"  Saturdaij,  June  1.5,  1771.  This 
day  I  began  to  act  as  an  ordained 
minister,  and  never  before  saw  such 
manifest  appearances  of  God's 
working  and  the  devil's  raging  at 
one  time  and  in  one  place.  My 
first  business  was  to  examine  can- 
didates for  baptism,  who  related 
what  God  did  for  their  souls  in 
such  a  manner  as  to  affect  many 
present :  then  the  opposers  grew 
very  troublesome,  particularly  one 
James  Nayler,  who,  after  raging 
and  railing  for  a  while,  fell  down 
and  began  to  tumble  and  beat  the 
ground  with  both  ends,  like  a  fish 
when  it  drops  off  the  hook  on  dry 
land,  cursing  and  bla.spheming  God 
all  the  while.  At  last  a  gentleman 
offered  ten  shillings  to  any  that 
would  bind  him  and  take  him  out 
of  the  place ;  which  was  soon  earned 
by  some   stout   fellows  who  stood 


256 


Fi 


haYnes'  baptist 


Fi 


by.  Sixteen  persons  were  adj  Lidged 
fit  subjects  for  baptism.  The  next 
day  being  Sunday,  about  two  thou- 
sand people  came  together  :  many 
more  offered  for  baptism,  thirteen 
of  whom  were  judged  worthy.  As 
we  stood  by  the  water,  the  people 
were  weeping  and  crying  in  a  most 
extraordinary  manner ;  and  others 
cursing  and  swearing,  and  acting 
like  men  possessed.  In  the  midst 
of  this,  a  tree  tumbled  down,  being 
overloaded  with  people,  who,  Zac- 
cheus-like,  had  climed  up  to  see 
baptism  administered.  The  coming 
down  of  that  tree  occasioned  the 
adjacent  trees  to  fall  also,  being 
loaded  in  the  same  manner ;  but 
none  was  hurt.  When  the  ordi- 
nance was  administered,  and  I  had 
laid  hands  on  the  parties  baptized, 
we  sang  those  charming  words  of 
Dr.  Watts,  '  Come  we  who  love  the 
Lord,'  &c.  The  multitude  sang 
and  wept  and  smiled  in  tears,  hold- 
ing up  their  hands  and  countenances 
towards  heaven,  in  such  a  manner 
as  I  had  not  seen  before.  In  going 
home,  1  turned  to  look  at  the  peo- 
ple, who  remained  by  the  water 
side,  a,nd  saw  some  screaming  on 
the  ground,  some  wringing  their 
hands,  some  in  ecstacies  of  joy, 
some  praying,  others  cursing  and 
swearing,  and  exceedingly  outrage- 
ous. We  have  seen  strange  things 
to-day."     Baptist  Library. 

FINLEY,  Samuel,  D.D.  He  was 
president  of  Princeton  College,  New 
Jersey,  and  author  of — 1.  Sermon 
on  Rom.  xiv.  7,  8,  1761,  8vo.  2. 
He  edited,  "  Sermons  on  Important 
Subjects,"  by  Samuel  Davies,  M.A., 
President  of  the  College  in  New 
Jersey,  America.  In  the  order  of 
time  we  should  have  noticed  two 
other  of  his  works  j^rs^ — 1.  A  Cha- 
ritable   Plea    for   the    Speechless, 


ag'ainst  Abel  Morgan's  Anti-pedo- 
rantism,  1747.  2.  Vindication  of 
the  Same,  1748.  Mr.  Finley  was 
not  the  first,  nor  was  he  the  last,  of 
the  presidents  and  professors  of 
Princeton  (N.  J.)  College  who  have, 
since  1742,  written  against  Bap- 
tists, successively  down  to  the  yet 
living,  recently  pensioned,  and  su- 
perannuated ex-professor  of  Eccle- 
siastical History,  whose  work  has 
been  stereotyped  by  the  Presby- 
terian Tract  Society.  We  have 
seen,  in  the  library  of  Rev.  J.  J. 
Woolsey,  of  Norwalk,  Connecticut, 
in  curious  juxtaposition  to  General 
Israel  Putnam's  cam]}  chest  and 
other  rare  curiosities  and  reliques 
of  antiquity,  a  copy  of  this  same 
book  of  Abel  Morgan's,  which 
caused  Dr.  Finley  so  much  trouble, 
with  the  imprint  of  Benjamin 
Franklin,  printer,  Philadelphia,  on 
the  title-page.  It  was  appropriate 
that  a  grandson  of  Peter  Folger, 
who  was  a  Baptist,  should  have 
printed  with  his  own  hands  the 
first  book  written  in  America  in 
defence  of  the  Baptists  on  Baptism. 
See  Articles,  Morgan,  Abel,  Folger, 
Peter,  and  works  there  noted. 

FRITH,  or  FRYTH,  John.  We 
have  before  us,  in  a  volume,  label- 
ed, "  British  Reformers — Tindal, 
Frith,  Barnes,"  bound  into  the 
volume  of  356  pages,  in  addition 
124  12mo.  pages,  76  of  which  are 
devoted  to  Frith,  with  the  follow- 
ing title-page  :  "  Writings  of  John 
Frith,  Martyr,  1533;  and  of  Dr. 
Robert  Barnes,  Martyr,  1541.  Lon- 
don :  Printed  for  the  Religious 
Tract  Society,  and  sold  at  the  De- 
pository, 56  Paternoster-row ;  also 
by  J.  Nisbet,  21  Berners-street,  and 
by  other  Booksellers."  We  may  as 
well  add  the  "  Contents: — 1.  Life 
of  John  Frith,  p.  1.     2.  A  Letter, 


Fi 


UYCLOPJIDIA. 


Fi 


257 


containing  the  articles  for  which 
he  died,  p.  10.  3.  Letters  concern- 
ing Frith,  p.  15.  4.  A  Mirror  to 
Know  Thyself,  p.  17.  5.  Extracts 
froni  the  Book  of  Purgatory,  p.  30. 

6.  Note  "  On  the  Supplication  of 
Beggars,"   by  Simon  Fish,   p.  59. 

7.  A  Letter  to  the  Faithful  in  the 
Tower  of  Loudon,  p.  61.  8.  A  De- 
fence of  some  of  the  Reformers  from 
the  aspersions  cast  upon  them  by 
Sir  Thos.  More,  in  his  book  against 
Frith,  from  Frith's  Treatise  on  the 
Sacrament,  p.  67."  For  the  com- 
pletion of  the  list  of  his  works,  see 
the  close  of  his  Life  as  above,  which 
will  be  copied  below ;  also  Biblio- 
theca  Britannica,  and  Wood's 
Athena;  Oxoniensis ;  to  which  we 
will  add,  that,  by  a  note  in  the 
handwriting  of  Rev.  J.  J.  Woolsey, 
in  the  table  of  contents,  he  inserts, 
"  John  Frith's  Preparation  to  the 
Cross,"  and  quotes  Remarks  re- 
specting John  Frith  in  an  old  small 
4to.,  commenting  on  the  Gospels 
and  Acts  of  the  Apostles,  and  note 
on  Matt.  xvii.  27,  in  his  possession, 
as  his  authority.  Dr.  Wall  says, 
Hist.  Lif  Baptism,  vol.  2,  p.  300 : 
"  John  Frith,  writing,  in  the  year 
1533,  a  Treatise  of  Baptism,  calls 
the  outward  part  of  it '  the  plunging 
down  in  the  ivater  and  lifting  up 
again,'  which  he  often  mentions 
without  ever  mentioning  pouring 
or  sprinkling."  Frith's  works  were 
reprinted  by  Fox,  the  list  of  which 
will  be  added  to  his  life.  Anthony 
Wood  must  have  regarded  and 
known  Frith  as  an  heretical  Ana- 
baptist, under  the  reign  of  Henry 
the  t]ighth,  else  he  could  not  have 
written  so  bitterly  against  him,  as 
his  acerbity,  dealt  out  liberally  to 
all  who  differed  from  him  in  poli- 
tics, especially  in  religion,  was  most 
mingled  with  gall  and  wormwood 


towards  real  or  suspected  Anabap- 
tists. Apprehensive  that  it  may 
be  said  of  us,  as  it  has  been  con- 
cerning Peter  Bayle,  that  you  will 
find  what  he  says  in  the  article 
where  you  should  least  expect  to 
find  it,  we  refer  to  our  history  other 
matters  touching  this  early  English 
Baptist  of  Oxford,  and  copy  his  life 
as  follows : 

"  John  Frith  was  the  son  of  an 
innkeeper  at  Seven-oaks,  in  Kent, 
where  he  was  born  about  the  year 
1503.  From  his  childhood  he  was 
remarkable  for  his  abilities  and  his 
inclination  for  learning,  in  which 
he  made  very  considerable  progress. 
He  studied  at  Cambridge,  where 
he  was  of  King's  College,  and  was 
one  of  the  persons  selected  by  Car- 
dinal Woolsey,  on  account  of  their 
learning,  to  be  members  of  his  new 
college  at  Oxford,  which  he  tbund- 
ed,  in  1527,  upon  a  very  magnifi- 
cent scale,  and  enlarged  by  sup- 
pressing several  monasteries  and 
other  ecclesiastical  institutions. 
While  in  London,  about  1525,  Frith 
had  become  acquainted  with  Tin- 
dal,  through  whose  instructions  he 
first  received  into  his  heart  the  seed 
of  the  gospel  and  pure  godliness. 
Frith  and  several  of  his  companions 
at  Oxford  soon  evinced  an  attach- 
ment for  the  doctrines  of  the  truth, 
which  excited  the  enmity  of  the 
Romanists,  who  imprisoned  them 
in  a  deep  cellar  belonging  to  the 
college,  where  the  salt  fish  was 
kept.  The  damp  and  noisome 
stench  of  this  place  affected  them 
so  that  several  of  their  number  died. 

"  After  some  time  Frith  was  re- 
leased. Li  1528  he  went  beyond 
sea,  where  he  remained  two  years, 
during  which  interval  he  made 
considerable  progress  in  the  know- 
ledge of  the  truth,  and  wrote  his 


258 


Fi 


HAYNES'  BAPTIST 


Fi 


book  against  purgatory.  He  then 
returned :  he  went  to  Reading, 
having,  it  is  supposed,  some  expec- 
tations from  the  abbot  of  that  place. 
These,  however,  appear  to  have 
been  disappointed :  he  was  taken 
up  and  set  in  the  stocks  as  a  vag- 
rant. Alter  being  confined  some 
time,  when  ready  to  perish  with 
hunger,  he  asked  to  see  tiie  school- 
master of  the  town,  who,  discover- 
ing his  abilities  and  learning,  pro- 
cured his  release,  and  gave  him 
assistance. 

"Frith  then  went  to  London, 
where  he  endeavored  to  remain 
concealed,  but  he  soon  became  '  a 
marked  man,'  and  was  earnestly 
sought  for  by  Sir  Thomas  More, 
who  oflered  large  rewards  for  his 
apprehension.  In  his  book  against 
purgatory.  Frith  had  written,  in 
answer  to  Sir  Thos.  More's  reply 
to  the  Supplication  of  the  Beggars, 
(se»  page  30,)  showing  that  the 
doctrine  of  purgatory  was  opposed 
to  the  truths  of  scripture  respecting 
the  pardon  of  sin  and  salvation  by 
Christ  alone.  Frith  was  appre- 
hended at  Milton,  in  Essex,  endea- 
voring to  escape  to  the  continent, 
and  sent  to  the  Tower.  There  he 
gained  the  favor  of  his  keeper,  so 
that  he  was  allowed  sometimes  to 
visit  the  followers  of  the  truth  in 
the  city.  Strype  relates,  that 
"When  John  Frith  was  in  the 
Tower,  he  came  to  Petit's  key  in 
the  night,  notwithstanding  the 
strait  watch  and  ward  by  com- 
mandment. At  Morose  first  coming, 
Mr.  Petit  was  in  doubt  whether  it 
was  Mr.  Frith  or  a  vision  ;  no  less 
doubting  than  the  apostles,  when 
Rhoda,  the  maid,  brought  tidings 
that  Peter  was  out  of  prison.  But 
Mr.  Frith  showed  him  that  it  was 
God  that  wrought  him  that  liberty 


in  the  heart  of  his  keeper,  Phillips, 
who,  upon  the  condition  of  his  own 
word  and  promise,  let  him  go  at 
liberty  in  the  night  to  consult  with 
godly  men."  Petit  was  a  wealthy 
merchant  of  London,  who  was 
member  of  parliament  for  the  city 
many  years  ;  but  being  suspected 
by  Sir  Thomas  More  of  favoring 
those  of  the  new  religion,  and  as- 
sisting to  print  their  books,  he  was 
imprisoned  and  laid  in  a  dungeon 
upon  a  pad  of  straw,  where  he  con- 
tracted a  disease  of  which  he  soon 
afterwards  died. 

'•  While  in  confinement.  Frith 
was  induced  by  a  friend  to  commit 
to  writing  his  opinions  upon  the 
sacrament  of  the  Lord's  Supper. 
These,  we  are  told,  were  four  :^1. 
That  the  matter  of  the  sacrament 
is  no  article  of  faith  necessary  to 
be  believed  under  pain  of  damna- 
tion. 2.  That  forasmuch  as  Christ's 
natural  body  hath  all  properties  of 
our  body,  sin  only  excepted,  it  can- 
not be,  neither  is  it  agreeable  unto 
reason,  that  he  should  be  in  two 
places  or  more  at  once,  contrary  to 
the  nature  of  our  body.  3.  More- 
over, it  is  not  right  or  necessary 
that  we  should,  in  this  place,  un- 
derstand Christ's  words  according 
to  the  literal  sense,  but  rather  ac- 
cording to  the  order  and  phrase  of 
speech,  comparing  phrase  with 
phrase,  according  to  the  analogy 
of  the  scripture.  4.  The  sacrament 
ought  to  be  received  according  to 
the  true  and  right  institution  of 
Christ,  albeit  the  order  which  at 
this  time  has  crept  into  the  church, 
and  is  used  now-a-days  by  the 
priests,  ever  so  much  dift'ers  from  it. 

"  At  that  period  there  was  in 
London  a  tailor  named  Wm.  Holt, 
who  pretended  to  be  very  friendly 
towards  the  followers  of  the  truth. 


Fi 


CYCLOPAEDIA. 


Fi 


259 


Having  obtained  a  copy  of  this 
writing  of  Frith's,  he  carried  it  to 
Sir  Thomas  More,  and  it  was  the 
cause  of  Friths  death.  More,  at 
that  time,  was  very  active  in  de- 
fence of  tiie  Romish  doctrines:  he 
not  only  impri.<oned  Frith,  but 
printed  a  retutation  of  his  argu- 
ments. His  book,  however,  was 
kept  from  Frith  and  his  friends 
with  much  care  for  some  time : 
with  considerable  ditiiculty  he  ob- 
tained a  written  copy,  and  saw  the 
printed  work  during  an  exaraimv 
tion  bet'ore  the  Bishop  of  Winches- 
ter. Frith  then  replied  to  Mores 
answer  in  an  able  treatise,  written 
uniler  all  the  disadvantages  of  strict 
confinement. 

•'  Frith  had  now  attracted  con- 
siderable notice,  as  the  first  who 
publicly  advocated  the  doctrines  of 
Zuingle,  in  England.  One  of  the 
king's  chaplains  alluded  to  him  in 
a  sermon,  at  the  instigation  of  the 
Bishop  of  Winchester ;  in  conse- 
quence of  which  his  imprisonment 
in  the  Tower  was  terminated  by 
an  order  to  the  bishops  to  examine 
him.  The  subsequent  account  is 
best  given  in  the  words  of  Fox. 

"  '  That  there  should  be  no  con- 
course of  citizens  at  the  said  ex- 
amination, my  Lord  of  Canterbury 
removed  to  Croydon,  unto  M^hom 
resorted  the  rest  of  the  commission- 
ers. Now,  before  the  day  appoint- 
ed, my  Lord  of  Canterbury  sent  one 
of  his  gentlemen,  and  one  of  his 
porters,  whose  name  was  Perlebean, 
a  Welshman  born,  to  fetch  John 
Frith  from  the  Tower  unto  Croy- 
don. This  gentleman  had  both  my 
Lord's  letters  and  the  king's  ring 
unto  my  Lord  Fitzwilliams,  con- 
stable of  the  Tower,  then  lying  in 
Canon-row,  at  Westminster,  in  ex- 
treme  anguish   and   pain    from  a 


disorder,  for  the  delivery  of  the 
prisoner.  Master  Fitzwilliams, 
more  passionate  than  patient,  un- 
derstanding tor  what  purpose  my 
Lord's  gentleman  was  come,  banned 
and  cursed  Frith  and  other  here- 
tics, saying,  Take  this  my  ring  unto 
the  lieutenant  of  the  Tower,  and 
receive  your  man,  your  heretic, 
with  you,  and  I  am  glad  that  I  am 
rid  of  him. 

"  '  When  Frith  was  delivered 
unto  my  Lord  of  Canterbury's  gen- 
tleman, they  twain,  with  Perlebean, 
sitting  in  a  wherry  and  rowing 
towards  Lambeth,  the  said  gentle- 
man, much  lamenting  in  his  mind 
the  infelicity  of  the  said  Frith, 
began  to  exhort  him,  to  consider  in 
what  state  he  was,  a  man  altoge- 
ther cast  away  in  this  world,  if  he 
did  not  look  wisely  to  himself. 
And  yet,  though  his  cause  was  ever 
so  dangerous,  he  might,  by  some- 
what relenting  to  authority,  and  so 
giving  place  lor  a  time,  help  both 
himself  out  of  trouble,  and  when 
opportunity  and  occasion  should 
serve,  prefer  his  cause,  which  he 
then  went  about  to  defend,  declar- 
ing further  that  he  had  many  well- 
willers  and  iriends,  who  would 
stand  on  his  side,  so  iar  as  they 
were  able,  and  durst  do ;  adding 
hereunto,  that  it  were  great  pity 
that  he,  being  of  such  singular 
knowledge  both  in  the  Latin  and 
Greek,  both  ready  and  ripe  in  all 
kind  of  learning,  and  as  well  in  the 
scriptures  as  in  the  ancient  doctors, 
should  now  suddenly  suti'er  all  those 
singular  gifts  to  perish  with  him, 
with  little  commodity  or  profit  to 
the  world,  and  less  comfort  to  his 
wife  and  children,  and  others  his 
kinsfolks  and  friends.  And  as  for 
the  verity  of  your  opinion  in  the 
sacrament  of  the  body  and  blood  of 


260 


Fi 


HAYNES'  BAPTIST 


Fi 


our  Saviour  Christ,  added  he,  it  is 
so  untimely  opened  here  amongst 
us  in  England,  that  you  shall  ra- 
ther do  harm  than  good ;  Avherefore 
be  wise,  and  be  ruled  by  good  coun- 
sel until  a  better  opportunity  may 
serve.  This  I  am  sure  of,  that  my 
Lord  Cromwell  and  my  Lord  of 
Canterbury,  much  favoring  you, 
and  knowing  you  to  be  an  eloquent, 
learned  young  man,  and  now  to- 
wards the  felicity  of  your  life,  young 
in  years,  old  in  knowledge,  and  of 
great  forwardness,  and  likely  to  be 
a  most  profitable  member  i'or  this 
realm,  will  never  permit  you  to 
sustain  any  open  shame,  if  you 
will  somewhat  be  advised  by  their 
counsel.  On  the  other  side,  if  you 
stand  stiffly  to  your  opinion,  it  is 
not  possible  to  save  your  life  ;  for 
like  as  you  have  good  friends,  so 
have  you  mortal  foes  and  enemies. 
"  '  I  most  heartily  thank  you,  said 
Master  Frith  unto  the  gentleman, 
both  for  your  good  will  and  for 
your  counsel,  by  which  I  well  per- 
ceive that  you  intend  well  unto 
me  :  howbeit,  my  cause  and  con- 
science is  such,  that  in  no  wise  I 
may  not,  and  can  not  for  any  world- 
ly respect,  without  danger  of  dam- 
nation, start  aside,  and  fly  from 
the  true  knowledge  and  doctrine 
which  I  have  conceived  of  the  sup- 
per of  the  Lord  or  the  communion, 
otherwise  called  the  sacrament  of 
the  altar ;  for  if  it  be  my  chance  to 
be  demanded,  what  I  think  in  that 
behalf,  I  must  needs  say  my  know- 
ledge and  my  conscience,  as  partly 
I  have  written  therein  already, 
though  I  should  presently  lose 
twenty  lives,  if  I  had  so  many. 
And  this  you  shall  well  understand, 
that  I  am  not  so  unfurnished,  either 
ol'  scripture  or  ancient  doctors, 
schoolmen,   or  others    for   my  de- 


fence :  so  that  if  I  may  be  indiffer- 
ently heard,  I  am  sure  that  mine 
adversaries  cannot  justly  condemn 
me  or  mine  assertion,  but  that  they 
shall  condemn  with  me  St.  Augus- 
tine and  the  most  part  of  the  old 
writers ;  yea,  the  very  bishops  of 
Rome  of  the  oldest  sort  shall  also 
say  for  me  and  defend  my  cause. 
Yea,  marry,  quoth  the  gentleman, 
you  say  well,  if  you  might  be  in- 
differently heard.  But  I  much 
doubt  thereof,  for  our  Master  Christ 
was  not  indifferently  heard,  nor 
should  be,  as  I  think,  if  he  were 
now  present  again  in  the  world, 
especially  in  this  your  opinion,  the 
same  being  so  odious  unto  the 
world,  and  we  so  far  off  from  the 
true  knowledge  thereof 

"  '  Well,  well,  said  Frith  then 
unto  the  gentleman,  I  know  very 
well  that  this  doctrine  of  the  sacra- 
ment of  the  altar  which  I  hold,  and 
have  opened,  contrary  to  the  opinion 
of  this  realm,  is  very  hard  meat  to 
be  digested,  both  of  the  clergy  and 
laity  thereof  But  this  I  will  say 
to  you,  (taking  the  gentleman  by 
the  hand,)  that  if  you  live  but 
twenty  years  more,  whatsoever  be- 
come of  me,  you  shall  see  this 
whole  realm  of  mine  opinion  con- 
cerning this  sacrament  of  the  altar; 
namely,  the  whole  estate  of  the 
same,  though  some  men  particular- 
ly shall  not  be  fully  persuaded 
therein.  And  if  it  come  not  so  to 
pass,  then  account  me  the  vainest 
man  that  ever  you  heard  speak 
with  tongue.  Besides  this,  you  say 
that  my  death  would  be  sorrowful 
and  uncomfortable  unto  my  friends. 
I  grant  that  for  a  small  time  it 
would  be  so ;  but  if  I  should  so 
mollify,  qualify,  and  temper  my 
cause  in  such  sort  as  to  deserve 
only  to    be    kept   in    prison,    that 


Fi 


CYCLOPiEDlA. 


261 


would  not  only  be  n  much  longer 
grief  unto  me.  but  also  to  my  friends 
would  breed  no  small  disquietness, 
both  of  body  and  of  mind.  And, 
therefore,  all  things  well  and  rightly 
pondered,  my  death  in  this  cause 
shall  be  better  unto  me  and  all 
mine  than  life  in  continual  bon- 
dage and  penuries.  And  Almighty 
God  knoweth  what  he  hath  to  do 
with  his  poor  servant,  whose  cause 
I  now  defend,  and  not  my  own ; 
from  the  which  I  assuredly  do  in- 
tend, God  willing,  never  to  start  or 
otherwise  to  give  place,  so  long  as 
God  will  give  me  life. 

"  '  This  communication,  or  the 
like  in  effect,  my  Lord  of  Canter- 
bury's gentleman  and  Frith  had, 
coming  in  a  wherry  upon  the 
Thames  from  the  Tower  to  Lam- 
beth. 

"  '  Now,  when  they  were  landed, 
after  repast  being  taken  at  Lam- 
beth, the  gentleman,  the  porter, 
and  Frith  went  forward  towards 
Croydon  on  foot.  This  gentleman, 
still  lamenting  with  himself  the 
hard  and  cruel  destiny  of  Frith,  if 
he  once  came  amongst  the  bishops, 
and  now  also  perceiving  the  ex- 
ceeding constancy  of  Frith,  devised 
with  himself  some  way  or  means 
to  convey  him  quite  out  of  their 
hands,  and  thereupon  considering 
that  there  were  no  more  persons 
there  to  convey  the  prisoner  but 
the  porter  and  himself,  he  took  in 
hand  to  win  the  porterto  his  purpose. 
Quoth  the  gentleman  unto  Perle- 
bean  the  porter,  (they  twain  pri- 
vately walking  by  themselves  with- 
out the  hearing  of  Frith,)  You  have 
heard  this  man,  I  am  sure,  and 
noted  his  talk  since  he  came  from 
the  Tower? — Yea,  that  I  have  right 
well  marked  him,  quoth  the  porter, 
and   1  never  heard  so  constant  a 


man  nor  so  eloquent  a  person. — 
You  have  heard  nothing,  quoth  the 
gentleman,  in  respect  both  of  his 
knowledge  and  eloquence :  if  he 
might  either  in  university  or  pul- 
pit freely  declare  his  learning,  you 
would  then  much  more  marvel  at 
his  knowledge.  1  take  him  to  be 
such  a  one  of  his  age  in  all  kind  of 
learning  and  knowledge  of  tongues 
as  this  realm  never  yet  brouglit 
forth ;  and  yet  those  singular  frifts 
in  him  are  no  more  considered  of 
our  bishops  than  if  he  were  a  very 
dolt  or  an  idiot ;  yea,  they  abhor 
him  as  a  devil  therefore,  and  covet 
utterly  to  extinguish  him  as  a 
member  of  the  devil,  without  any 
consideration  of  God's  special  gifts. 
— Marry,  quoth  the  porter,  if  there 
were  nothing  else  in  him  but  the 
consideration  of  his  personage,  both 
comely  and  amiable,  and  of  natural 
disposition,  gentle,  meek,  and  hum- 
ble, it  were  pity  that  he  should  be 
cast  away. 

" '  The  gentleman  then  proposed 
that  they  should  suffer  Frith  to 
escape,  saying.  You  see  yonder  hill 
before  us  named  Bristow  (Brixton) 
causeway  :  there  are  great  woods 
on  both  sides.  When  we  come 
there  we  will  permit  Frith  to  go 
into  the  woods  on  the  left  hand  of 
the  way,  whereby  he  may  convey 
himself  into  Kent  among  his  friends, 
for  he  is  a  Kentish  man  ;  and  when 
he  is  gone,  we  will  linger  an  hour 
or  two  about  the  highway,  until  it 
draw  towards  night.  Then  in  great 
haste  we  will  approach  Streatham, 
and  make  an  outcry  in  the  town 
that  our  prisoner  is  broken  from  us 
on  the  right  hand  towards  Wands- 
worth, so  that  we  will  draw  as 
many  as  we  can  of  the  town  to 
search  the  country  that  way  for  our 
prisoner,  declaring  that  we  followed 


262 


Fi 


HAYNES'  BAPTIST 


Fi 


him  above  a  mile  or  more,  and  at 
length  lost  him  in  the  woods.  So 
when  my  Lord  of  Canterbury's 
gentleman  came  nigh  to  the  hill, 
he  joined  himself  in  company  with 
the  said  Frith,  and,  calling  him  by 
his  name,  said,  Now,  Master  Frith, 
let  us  twain  commune  together 
another  while.  You  must  consider 
that  the  journey  which  I  have  now 
taken  in  hand  thu«  in  bringing  you 
to  Croydon,  as  a  sheep  to  the 
slaughter,  it  grieve th  me,  and,  as 
it  were,  overwhelmeth  me  in  cares 
and  sorrows,  that  I  little  mind  what 
danger  I  fall  in,  so  that  I  could 
find  the  means  to  deliver  you  out 
of  the  lion's  mouth.  And  yet  yon- 
der good  fellow  and  I  have  devised 
a  means,  whereby  you  may  both 
easily  escape  from  this  great  and 
eminent  danger  at  hand,  and  we 
also  be  rid  from  any  vehement  sus- 
picion. 

"  '  When  Frith  had  heard  all  the 
matter  concerning  his  delivery,  he 
said  to  the  gentleman,  with  a  smil- 
ing countenance.  Is  this  the  effect 
of  your  secret  consultation,  thus 
long  between  yon  twain  ?  Surely, 
surely,  you  have  lost  a  great  deal 
more  labor  in  times  past,  and  so  are 
you  like  to  do  this,  lor  if  you  should 
both  leave  me  here,  and  go  to 
Croydon  declaring  to  the  bishops 
that  you  had  lost  Frith,  I  would 
surely  follow  after  as  last  as  I 
might,  and  bring  them  news  that 
I  had  Ibund  and  brought  Frith 
again.  Do  you  think  that  I  am 
afraid  to  declare  my  opinion  unto 
the  bishops  of  England  in  a  mani- 
fest truth  ? 

"  '  You  are  a  foolish  man,  quoth 
the  gentleman,  thus  to  talk ;  as 
though  your  reasoning  with  them 
might  do  some  good.  But  I  do 
much   marvel    that    you  were   so 


willing  to  fly  the  realm  before  you 
were  taken,  and  now  so  unwilling 
to  save  yourself. — There  was  and 
is  a  great  diversity  of  escaping  be- 
tween the  one  and  the  other,  quoth 
Frith.  Before,  I  was  indeed  de- 
sirous to  escape,  because  I  was  not 
attached,  but  at  liberty ;  which 
liberty  I  would  fain  have  enjoyed 
for  the  maintenance  of  my  study 
beyond  the  sea,  where  I  was  reader 
in  the  Greek  tongue,  according  to 
St.  Paul's  counsel.  Howbeit,  now 
being  taken  by  the  higher  power, 
and,  as  it  were,  by  Almighty  God's 
permission  and  providence,  deliver- 
ed into  the  hands  of  the  bishops 
only  for  religion  and  doctrine's  sake, 
such  as  in  conscience  and  under 
pain  of  damnation  1  am  bound  to 
maintain  and  defend,  if  I  should 
now  start  aside  and  run  away,  I 
should  run  from  my  God  and  from 
the  testimony  of  his  holy  word, 
worthy  then  of  a  thousand  hells. 
And  therefore  I  most  heartily  thank 
you  both  for  your  good  wills  to- 
wards me,  beseeching  you  to  bring 
me  where  I  was  appointed  to  be 
brought,  for  else  I  will  go  thither 
all  alone. — And  so  with  a  cheerful 
and  merry  countenance  he  went 
with  them,  spending  the  time  with 
pleasant  and  godly  communica- 
tions, until  they  came  to  Croydon, 
where  for  that  night  he  was  well 
entertained  in  the  porter's  lodge. 
On  the  morrow  he  was  called  be- 
fore certain  bishops  and  other  learn- 
ed men  sitting  in  conrmission  with 
my  Lord  of  Canterbury,  to  be  ex- 
amined, where  he  showed  himself 
passing  ready  and  ripe  in  answer- 
ing to  all  objections,  as  some  then 
reported,  incredibly  and  contrary 
to  all  men's  expectations.  And  his 
allegations  both  out  of  Augustine 
and   other  ancient  lathers   of  the 


Fi 


CYCLOP^DLA.. 


Fi 


263 


church,  were  such  that  some  of 
them  much  doubted  of  Aug-ustine's 
authority  in  that  behalf ;  insoimieh 
that  it  was  reported  by  them  who 
were  nigh  and  about  the  Archbisliop 
of  Cauterhurj',  (wlio  thea  was  not 
fully  resolved  of  the  sincere  truth 
of  that  article,)  that  when  they 
had  finished  their  examination  of 
Frith,  the  Archbishop,  conferring 
with  Dr.  Heath  privately  between 
themselves,  said,  This  man  hath 
wonderfully  labored  in  this  matter, 
and  yet  in  mine  opinion  he  taketh 
the  doctors  amiss. — Well,  my  lord, 
said  Dr.  Heath,  there  was  no  man 
who  could  do  away  his  authorities 
from  St.  Augustine.  Then  he  began 
to  repeat  them  again,  inferring  and 
applying  them  so  strongly  that  my 
Lord  said,  I  see  that  yon,  with  a 
little  more  study,  will  easily  he 
brought  to  Frith's  opinion ;  and 
some  there  present  openly  reported 
that  Dr.  Heath  was  as  able  to  de- 
fend Frith's  assertions  of  the  sacra- 
ment as  Frith  was  himself. 

"  '  This  learned  young  man  being 
thus  thoroughly  sifted  at  Croydon, 
to  understand  what  he  could  say 
and  do  in  his  cause,  there  was  no 
man  willing  to  prefer  him  to  answer 
in  open  disputation  as  poor  Lam- 
bert was.  But  without  regard  of 
learning  or  good  knowledge,  he 
was  sent  and  detained  unto  the 
butcher's  stall ;  I  mean  Bishop 
Stokesly's  consistory,  there  to  hear, 
not  the  opinion  of  Augustine  and 
other  ancient  fathers  of  Christ's 
primitive  church,  of  the  said  sacra- 
ment, but  either  to  be  instructed 
and  to  hear  the  maimed  and  half- 
cut-away  sacrament  of  anti-christ 
the  bishop  of  Rome,  with  the  gross 
and  tieshly  imagination  thereof,  or 
else  to  perish  in  the  fire,  as  he  most 
certainly  did,  after  he  had   before 


the  bishops  of  London,  Winchester, 
and  Chichester,  in  the  consistory  in 
.St.  Paul's  Church,  most  plainly 
and  sincerely  confessed  his  doctrine 
and  faith  in  this  weighty  m;itter. 
He  left  an  account  of  his  examina- 
tions. 

" '  Sentence  being  passed  and  read 
against  him,  the  Bishop  of  London 
(Stokesly)  directed  his  letter  to  the 
mayor  and  sheriffs  of  the  city  of 
London,  for  receiving  of  John  Frith 
into  their  charge  ;  who  was  deliver- 
ed over  unto  them.  While  in  New- 
gate Frith  was  put  into  the  dun- 
geon under  the  gate,  and  laden 
with  bolts  and  irons  as  many  as  he 
could  bear,  and  his  neck  with  a 
collar  of  iron  made  fast  to  a  post, 
so  that  he  could  neither  stand  up- 
right nor  stoop  down  ;  yet  was  he 
there  continually  occupied  in  writ- 
ing, namely  with  a  candle,  both 
day  and  night,  for  there  came  no 
other  light  into  that  place.  In  this 
Scid  case  he  remained  several  days. 
On  the  fourth  day  of  July,  in  the 
year  1533,  he  was  by  them  carried 
to  Sniithfield  to  be  burned  ;  and 
when  he  was  tied  unto  the  stake, 
there  sufficiently  appeared  with 
what  constancy  and  courage  he 
suffered  death.  For  when  the  faggots 
and  fire  were  put  unto  him,  he  wil- 
lingly embraced  the  same  ;  thereby 
declaring  with  what  uprightness 
of  mind  he  suffered  his  death  for 
Christ's  sake  and  the  true  doctrine, 
whereof  that  day  he  gave  with  his 
blood  a  perfect  and  firm  testimony. 

"  '  A  young  man,  apprenticed  to 
a  tailor  in  Watling-street,  named 
Andrew  Hewit,  was  burned  at  the 
same  stake  with  Frith,  foi*  holding 
the  same  opinions.  AVhen  before 
the  bishops,  Hewit  was  asked  how 
he  believed  concerning  the  sacra- 
ment.     He  replied,  Even  as  John 


264 


Fi 


HAYNES'  BAPTIST 


Fi 


Frith  does.  Bishop  Stokesly  said, 
Why  Frith  is  a  heretic,  and  ah'eady 
condemned  to  be  burned  ;  and  ex- 
cept thou  revoke  thy  opinion,  thou 
shalt  be  burned  also  with  hiin.  His 
reply  simply  was,  Truly  I  aan  con- 
tent withal ;  upon  which  he  was 
condemned  and  burned  with  Frith  ! 

"  '  When  they  were  at  the  stake, 
Dr.  Cook,  a  priest  in  London,  openly 
admonished  the  people,  tliat  they 
should  in  no  wise  pray  for  them — 
no  more  than  they  would  do  for  a 
dog.  At  which  words  Frith,  smil- 
ing, desired  the  Lord  to  forgive 
them.  These  words  did  not  a  little 
move  the  people  unto  anger,  and 
not  without  good  cause.  The  wind 
made  his  death  somewhat  the 
longer,  which  bore  away  the  flame 
from  liim  unto  his  fellow  that  was 
burning  with  him ;  but  he  had 
established  his  mind  with  such 
patience,  God  giving  liim  strength, 
that,  even  as  though  he  had  felt 
no  pain  in  that  long  torment,  he 
seemed  rather  to  rejoice  ibr  his  fol- 
low, than  to  be  careful  for  himseii'. 
This,  truly,  is  the  power  and 
strength  of  Christ,  striving  and 
vanquishing  in  his  saints  ;  who 
sanctify  us  together  with  them, 
and  direct  us  in  all  things  to  the 
glory  of  His  most  holy  name. 
Amen.' 

"  Among  the  Cotton  MSS.  in  the 
British  Museum  (Galba  B.  X.)  are 
two  letters,  one  from  Cromwell  to 
Vaughan,  the  royal  agent  in  the 
Low  Countries,  the  other  from 
Vaughan  to  the  king,  in  which 
mention  is  made  of  Frith,  and 
which  show  that  he  was  accounted 
of  considerable  importance.  Vau- 
ghan writes :  '  As  concerning  a 
young  man  being  in  these  parts, 
named  Frith,  of  whom  I  lately  ad- 
vertised your  majesty,  and  whom 


your  royal  majesty  givetli  me  in 
commandment  with  friendly  per- 
suasions, admonitions,  and  whole- 
some counsels  to  advertise  to  leave 
his  wilful  opinions  and  errors,  and 
to  return  into  his  native  country,  I 
shall  not  fail,  according  unto  your 
most  gracious  conanandment,  to 
endeavor  to  the  utmost  of  my  power 
to  persuade  him  accordingly,  so 
soon  as  my  chance  shall  be  to  meet 
with  him.  Howbeit,  I  am  informed 
that  he  is  very  lately  married  in 
Holland,  but  in  what  place  I  can- 
not tell.  This  marriage  may  by 
chance  hinder  my  persuasions.  I 
suppose  him  to  have  been  thereunto 
driven  through  poverty,  which  is 
to  be  pitied,  and  his  qualities  con- 
sidered.' 

"  Cromwell  writes  thus  to  Vaug- 
han :  '  As  touching  Frith,  men- 
tinned  in  your  said  letter,  the  king's 
highness,  hearing  well  ot"  his  to- 
vvardness  in  good  love  and  learn- 
ing, doth  much  lament  that  he 
should  in  such  wise  as  he  doth,  set 
forth,  show,  and  apply  his  learning 
and  doctrine  in  the  semination  and 
sowing  forth  evil  seed  of  damnable 
and  detestable  heresies,  maintain- 
ing, bolstering,  and  administering 
the  venomous  and  pestiferous  works, 
erroneous  and  seditious  opinions,  of 
the  said  Tindal  and  others,  wherein 
his  highness,  like  a  most  virtuous 
and  benign  prince  and  guardian, 
having  charge  of  his  people  and 
subjects,  being  very  sorry  to  hear 
tell  that  any  of  the  same  should  in 
such  wise  run  headlong  and  digress 
from  the  laws  of  Almighty  God, 
and  wholesome  doctrines  of  holy 
fathers,  unto  such  damnable  here- 
sies and  seditious  opinions,  is  in- 
clined willingly  and  greatly  de- 
sirous to  provide  for  the  same.' 

■'  The  letter  then  proceeds  to  state 


the  king's  readiness  to  provide  for 
Frith,  if  he  coukl  be  bronght  to 
Ibrsake  tlie  doctrines  of  Tindal,  and, 
leaving  his  '  wilful  opinions,  like  a 
good  christian  would  return  to  his 
native  country,  where  he  should 
find  the  king  most  i'avorable.  Crom- 
well further  exhorts  Vauglian  to 
use  his  best  endeavors  to  win  the 
refugees  from  their  opinions,  add- 
ing, '  in  which  doing  ye  shall  not 
only  highly  merit  in  Almighty  God, 
but  also  deserve  highly  thanks  of 
the  king's  royal  majesty,  who  will 
not  forget  your  devoirs  and  labors 
in  that  behalf,  so  that  his  majesty 
may  find  that  you  effectually  do 
intend  tlie  same.' 

"  Frith's  works,  as  reprinted  by 
Fox,  consist  of — his  Book  of  Pur- 
gatory ;  An  Answer  to  Rastal's 
Dialogue  ;  An  Answer  to  Sir  Thos. 
Moore ;  Answer  to  Fisher,  bishop 
of  Rochester;  A  Bulwark  against 
Rastal ;  Jndgment  upon  M.  Tracy's 
Will  and  Testament;  A  Letter 
written  from  the  Tower  to  Christ's 
Congregation ;  A  Mirror  or  Glass 
to  Know  Thyself;  A  Treatise  upon 
the  Sacrament  of  Baptism  ;  Anti- 
thesis between  Christ  and  the  Pope; 
A  Book  of  the  Sacrament  of  the 
Body  and  Blood  of  Christ;  Articles 
for  which  he  died.  Healsotranshited 
some  writings  of  foreign  reformers." 

FOWNES,  George,  M.A.,  ■  an 
English  Baptist  minister,  ejected 
by  the  Act  of  Uniformity  from 
High  Wickham,  in  the  county 
of  Bucks.  "  He  was,"  says  Dr. 
Calam.y,  "  born  in  Shropshire,  bred 
up  in  school-learning  at  Shrews- 
bury; and  his  father  dying,  his 
mother  sent  him  to  Cambridge, 
where  he  was  reckoned  a  consider- 
able scholar,  and  one  of  great  wit. 
He  was  the  public  minister  of  this 
town,  but  quitted  the  parish  church 


voluntarily,  before  the  king's  resto- 
ration in  1660.  However,  he  con- 
tinued preaching,  though  he  was 
for  a  while  unfixed.  Sir  Henry 
Wroth  bore  very  hard  upon  him. 
He  afterwards  assisted  Mr.  Anthony 
Palmer  in  Tinners-Hall,  and 
preached  a  lecture  in  Lothbury. 
In  1679  he  became  pastor  to  a  so- 
ciety of  Antipajdobaptists  in  Bris- 
tol, in  which  he  succeeded  JMi'. 
Thomas  Hai'dcastle.  About  the 
time  of  that,  which  was  commonly 
called  Tlie  Presbyterian  Plot,  Sir 
Robert  Yeemans  took  him  in  the 
pulpit,  and  committed  him  to  New- 
gate. By  virtue  of  a  flaw  in  his 
mittimus,  he  was  in  six  weeks' 
time  removed  by  an  habeas  corpus 
to  the  King's  Bench,  and  acquitted, 
to  the  no  small  vexation  of  Mr. 
Town-clerk  Ramsey.  Meetings 
being  at  that  time  held  in  the  fields, 
he  was  taken  on  the  highway  in 
Kingswood,  upon  suspicion  of  com- 
ing from  a  meeting,  tliough  they 
could  not  prove  it.  He  was  then 
committed  to  Gloucester  jail  for 
refusing  the  corporation  oath,  and 
riding  within  five  miles  of  a  corpo- 
ration. This  was  a  great  hardship 
upon  him,  because  the  act  had  no 
power  or  force  in  his  case,  upon  the 
account  of  his  resigning  his  living 
before  King  Charles  li.  came  in. 
When  they  brought  him  to  Glou- 
cester Castle,  they  declared  pub- 
licly, lie  should  not  come  out  alive. 
His  mittimus  was  for  six  months, 
in  which  time  they  endeavored  to 
suborn  witnesses  to  swear  a  riot 
against  him,  though  no  other  rioter 
was  named  in  the  bill  that  was 
drawn  up,  and  brought  in  against 
him.  Upon  his  trial,  when  the 
witness  came  to  swear,  he  looked 
back  on  the  justices  of  the  sessions, 
and  said,  Lord !    Gentlemen,  what 


266 


Fo 


HAYNES'  BAPTIST 


Fo 


would  you  have  me  do  ?  I  cannot 
swear  any  thing  against  this  person. 
He  pleaded  his  own  cause  very 
pleasantly,  and  told  them,  that  if 
George  and  his  horse  could  not  be 
guilty  of  a  riot,  without  John, 
Thomas,  or  William,  or  any  other 
company,  then  he  could  not  be 
judged  guilty.  Hereupon  the  jury 
went  out,  and  returning  quickly 
again,  the  foreman  gave  in  the 
verdict,  not  guilty.  The  then 
Bishop's  chancellor,  being  one  of 
the  justices  of  the  bench,  said,  with 
an  accent,  What!  not  guilty?  The 
foreman  replied,  a  second  time.  No, 
not  guilty ;  for  can  G-eorge  and  his 
horse  be  guilty  of  a  riot  without 
any  other  company  ?  I  say  not. — 
However,  he  was  remanded  back 
to  prison.  When  six  months  were 
expired,  he  demanded  his  liberty  of 
the  jailor,  who  told  him  he  had 
orders  not  to  let  him  go,  what 
damage  soever  himself  suffered ;  for 
they  would  bear  him  harmless.  A 
bond  was  insisted  on  for  good  be- 
havior, and  that  with  sureties  ;  and 
preaching,  he  knew,  would  be  in- 
terpreted a  forfeiture  of  this  bond  ; 
upon  which  account  he  refused  to 
come  under  such  bonds,  and  so 
continued  in  prison.  At  the  assizes 
he  made  his  appeal  to  the  Judge. 
Justice  Player  and  Justice  Newton 
before  next  morning  told  the  Judge 
that  if  he  let  that  man  go,  he  would 
draw  all  the  country  after  him. 
And  so  he  was  kept  in  Gloucester 
prison  for  two  years  and  a  half,  till 
God  was  pleased  to  release  him  by 
death,  in  December,  1685.  This 
confinement  of  his  (says  the  Dr.) 
was  the  more  grievous,  because  of 
his  being  sadly  afflicted  with  the 
stone.  Dr.  Peachy,  the  physician, 
declared  to  him,  before  his  wife, 
that  their  confinement  of  him  was 


his  death,  and  that  it  was  no  less 
murder  than  if  they  had  run  him 
through  the  first  day  he  came  in, 
though  it  had  been  less  cruel!" 
Crosby,  vol.  3,  p.  28-31. 

FROUDE,  Thomas,  an  English 
Baptist  minister,  who  was  ejected 
by  the  Uniformity  Act  from  his 
living  of  Cheryton,  in  Glamorgan- 
shire, South  Wales.  Crosby  says, 
"  I  can  find  nothing  of  him  ;  only 
Dr.  Calamy,  when  he  mentions  him, 
adds,  an  Anabaptist.  The  Doctor's 
partiality  towards  the  Baptists  ap- 
pears in  almost  every  instance;  for, 
when  speaking  of  Mr.  Joshua  Head, 
he  adds,  an  Anabaptist,  but  a  worthy 
man;  as  if  it  were  a  rarity  to  find 
a  worthy  man  among  those  he  is 
pleased  to  style  Anabaptists.  So, 
when  speaking  of  Mr.  Thos.  Hard- 
castle,  he  tells  us,  he  was  pastor  to 
a  society  of  sober  Anabaptists  at 
Bristol, — an  invidious  term,  not 
becoming  the  pen  of  a  scholar,  a 
christian,  or  a  gentleman."  Crosby. 
vol.  3,  p.  31,  32. 

FORTY,  Henry,  an  English 
Baptist  minister,  who  was  one  of 
the  subscribers  to  the  Baptist  Con- 
fession of  Faith  adopted  in  London 
in  16ol,and  was  pastor  of  the  church 
at  Abingdon  :  a  man  of  great  piety, 
and  one  who  long  and  faithfully 
served  Jesus  Christ,  under  many 
afflictions,  great  trials  and  suffer- 
ings. He  was  an  instrument  in 
God's  hand  for  the  conversion  of 
his  own  father  and  mother,  and 
many  others.  He  lay  twelve  years 
in  prison  at  Exeter,  for  the  testi- 
mony of  a  good  conscience,  lived 
an  unspotted  life,  and  died  in  67th 
year  of  his  age,  anno  1692.  His 
funeral  was  preached  by  Mr.  Benj. 
Keach,  and  printed  with  an  elegy 
annexed.  When  Mr.  Jessey  died, 
and  a  difference  arose  in  his  church 


Fo 


CYCLOPiEDIA. 


Fo 


267 


about  mixed  communion,  the  Bap- 
tists that  were  against  it  fell  in 
with  iNIr.  Forty,  tlien  a  member  of 
that  congregation.  Upon  Mr.  Forty's 
call  to  the  church  at  Abingdon,  his 
people  joined  with  Mr.  Kithn's  con- 
gregation.    Crosbv,  vol.  3,  p.  100. 

FLORENTINUS,  Hierox,  Lu- 
cENsis.  Author  of — Disputatio  de 
Ministrando  Baptismo  hunianis 
fcetibus  abortivoruni,  Lucaj,  1661, 
4to.     Ludg.  1674,  4to.  Bib.  Brit. 

FLO  YE  R,  Sir  John,  Knt.  M.  D., 
an  eminent  physician,  was  born  at 
Staffordshire,  England,  about  1649, 
practised  in  Litchfield,  where  he 
died,  1734.  He  was  a  most  learn- 
ed and  volumnious  medical  writer. 
Among  the  titles  of  his  works  are — 
1.  Essay  to  restore  Dipping  of  Lifants 
in  their  Baptism,  Lend.  1722,  8vo. 
1.  An  Enquiry  into  the  right  use 
of  hot,  cold,  and  temperate  Baths 
in  England,  Lond.  1697,  8vo.  Li 
Latin,  Ludg.  Bat.  1699,  8vo.  The 
same  Avork  afterwards  appeared 
under  the  following  title.  Ancient 
Psychrolusy  revived,  Lon.  1702, 
8vo.  The  same  subject  was  more 
amply  treated  in  another  edition 
under  the  title  of — History  of  Hot 
and  Cold  Bathing ;  ancient  and 
modern ;  with  an  Appendix,  by 
Dr.  Edward  Barnard,  Lond.  1702, 
1706,  1709,  1715,  5th  Ed.  1722, 
8vo.  We  shall  introduce  several 
quotations  from  his  History  of  Cold 
Bathing,  &c.,  pp.  11,  15,  61,  51,  as 
follows  :  "  The  Christian  Baptism 
was  performed  by  immersion,  in 
England,  and  all  parts,  at  the  first 
p/fuiting  of  Christianity,"  p.  11. 
"  The  Church  of  Rome  hath  drawn 
short  compendiians  of  both  sacra- 
ments. In  the  Eucharist  they  use 
only  the  wafer — and,  instead  of 
imniersion,  they  introduced  asper- 
sion.—  I  have  now  given  whattes- 


Itimony  I  could  find  in  our  English 
authors,  to  prove  the  practice  of 
immersion  from  the  time  the  Britons 
and  Saxons  were  baptized,  till 
King  James'  days ;  when  the  peo- 
ple grew  peevish  with  all  ancient 
ceremonies,  and  through  the  love 
of  noveltij,  and  the  niceness  of  pa- 
rents, and  the  pretence  of  modesty, 
they  laid  aside  immersion;  which 
never  was  abrogated  by  any  Canon, 
but  still  is  recommended  by  the 
present  Rubrick  of  our  Church, 
which  orders  the  child  to  be  dipt 
discreetly  and  warily."  pp.  15-61. 
"  i  do  here  appeal  to  you"  (the 
Dean  and  Canons,  Residentiaries 
of  the  Cathedral  Church  of  Litch- 
field,) "  as  persons  well  versed  in 
the  ancient  history,  canons,  and 
ceremonies  of  the  Church  of  Eng- 
land ;  and  therefore  are  sufficient 
witnesses  of  the  matter  of  fact  which 
I  design  to  prove ;  viz. :  That  im- 
mersion continued  in  the  Church 
of  England  till  about  the  year  1600. 
And  from  hence  I  shall  infer,  that 
if  God  and  the  Church  thought 
that  practice  innocent  for  sixteen 
hundred  years,  it  must  be  account- 
ed an  unreasonable  niccti/  in  this 
present  age,  to  scruple  either  im- 
mersion or  cold  bathing,  as  danger- 
ous practices.  Had  any  prejudice 
usually  happened  to  infants  by  the 
trine  immersion,  that  custom  could 
not  have  continued  so  long  in  this 
kingdom.  We  must  always  ac- 
knowledge, that  He,  that  made 
our  bodies,  would  never  command 
any  practice  prejudicial  to  our 
healths,  and  does  frequently  take 
great  care  both  of  our  bodies  and 
souls,  in  the  same  command,"  pp. 
11-51.  Dr.  Wall,  Inf  Bap.  part 
2,  chap.  9,  pp.  476-477,  mentions 
him  as  showing :  "  By  reasons  tak- 
en from  the  nature  of  our  bodies, 


268 


Fo 


HAYNES'  BAPTIST 


Fo 


from  the  rules  of  medicine,  from 
modern  experiences,  and  from  an- 
cient history,  that  washing  or  dip- 
ping iniants  in  cold  water  is,  gen- 
erally speaking,  not  only  safe,  but 
venj  tffieful:  and  that  though  no 
such  rite  as  baptism  had  been  in- 
stituted, yet  reason  and  experience 
would  luive  directed  people  to  use 
cold  bathing,  both  of  themselves 
and  their  (-liildren  ;  and  that  it  has 
in  all  former  ages  so  directed  them. 
For  he  shews,  that  all  civilized 
nations,  the  Egyptians,  Greeks, 
Romans,  &:c.,  made  frequent  use 
of  it,  and  gave  commendations  of 
it :  and  that  nature  itself  has  taught 
this  custom  to  many  barbarous  na- 
tions ;  the  old  Germans,  Highland- 
ers, Japanese,  Tartars,  and  even 
the  Samoides,  who  live  in  the 
coldest  climate  that  is  inhabited. 
He  prognosticates  that  the  old 
modes  in  physic  and  religion  will  in 
time  prevail,  when  people  have 
had  more  experience  in  cold  baths; 
and  that  the  approbation  of  physi- 
cians would  bring  in  the  old  use 
of  immersion  in  baptism."  That  a 
million  of  Baptists  in  America, 
now  living,  besides  myriads  of 
persons  throughout  the  world, 
should  have  experienced  no  dis- 
comfort, but  only  the  answer  of 
a  good  conscience  in  immersion, 
ought  to  be  a  sufficient  reason  why 
even  the  quotation  of  Floyer  M'ould 
be  unnecessary  to  meet  the  canting 
argument  against  immersion  that 
it  is  either  dangerous  or  unhealthy. 

FOOT,  William.  An  English 
Baptist  author  of — A  Plain  account 
of  the  Ordinance  of  Baptism,  in  a 
series  of  letters  to  bishop  Hoadley, 
Lond.  1760,  p.  133.  Ben.  p.  172, 
see  also  Evans'  Sketches,  &c.  p.  156. 

FOXWELL,  Nathaniel.  He 
was  many  years  a  respectable  min- 


ister among  the  English  General 
Baptists.  Before  his  settlement  in 
the  metropolis,  he  w^as  minister  of 
the  White  Friars'  Church,  in  Nor- 
wich, which  he  left  in  1697,  and 
came  to  London.  He  immediately 
joined  in  communion  with  the 
General  Baptist  Society,  in  Fair- 
street,  Horsleydown,  under  the  care 
of  Mr.  George  White ;  aird  he  oc- 
casionally assisted  that  church  in 
the  work  of  the  ministry.  Not  long 
afterwards,  he  was  chosen  morning- 
preacher  to  the  society,  in  Hart- 
street,  Covent-garden ;  but  was  dis- 
missed from  that  service,  Dec.  29, 
1700,  because  he  would  not  remove 
his  communion  from  Horsleydow^ii. 
Previously  to  this  the  same  church 
had  invited  him  to  the  pastoral 
office,  which  he  declined.  Soon 
after  this  he  was  chosen  occasional 
preacher  to  the  church  in  Paul's- 
alley.  Barbican,  which  he  continued 
to  serve  till  Michaelmas,  1718, 
when  he  was  discontinued  to  make 
room  for  Dr.  Gale.  The  resolution 
of  the  church  upon  this  occasion 
was  communicated  to  Mr.  Fox  well 
in  a  very  handsome  manner,  and 
they  returned  him  their  kind  thanks 
for  his  past  services.  Long  before 
this,  however,  he  had  been  chosen 
elder  in  his  own  churcli,  upon 
Horsleydown,  in  the  room  of  Mr. 
White,  who  died  in  1702.  Li  this 
situation  he  continued  with  good 
reputation  till  the  time  of  his  death, 
which  happened  about  the  summer 
of  1721.  He  was  succeeded  by 
Mr.  Ralph  Gould,  who  had  probably 
preached  to  this  church  lor  some 
time  in  the  capacity  of  an  assistant. 
Wilson's  Hist.  Dissent.  Churches, 
voh  3,  p.  234;  vol.  4,  p.  13,  258, 
259. 

FORD,    Reuben.     See   Taylor's 
Lives  Va.  Bap.  Minis.,  p.  53. 


FORD,  Simon,  D.D.,  a  learned 
English  divine,  and  elegant  Latin 
poet,  was  born  in  Devonshire,  1619  ; 
died  IG'Jy.  Of  his  numerous  works 
given  in  the  Bibliotheca  Britanni- 
ca,  we  sliall  insert  only  the  titles 
oi"  two.  1.  '■  Two  Dialogues  con- 
cerning the  Practical  use  oi'  Inl'ant 
Baptism,  Lond.  16-54,  8vo.  1656, 
8vo.  2.  Baptism  for  the  Dead ; 
a  Sermon,  Lond.  1692."' 

FLOWER,  Thomas,  an  English 
Particular  Baptist  minister.  He 
was  the  son  of  Thomas  Flower, 
pastor  of  the  Baptist  Church  at 
Bourton-on-the-Wa,ter,  Avhere  he 
died  in  1740.  Mr.  Flower,  junior, 
bel'ore  he  settled  in  London,  preach- 
ed tor  about  four  or  hve  years  at 
Horsley,  in  Gloucestershire.  He 
was  ordained  at  Unicorn-yard,  April 
29,  1736  ;  and  Mr.  Samuel  Wilson 
preached  upon  the  occasion.  After 
about  eight  years  he  resigned  his 
situation,  and  alterwards  preached 
only  occasionally.  He  then  be- 
took himself  to  the  trade  of  a  corn- 
factor,  Avhich  procured  him  the  ap- 
pellation of  the  "  Worldly-minded 
Flower."'  He,  however,  acquired 
a  handsome  subsistence,  and  died, 
Sept.  3,  1767,  aged  61  years,  and 
was  buried  in  Bunhill-lields.  He 
published  a  volume  of  sermons, 
thirteen  in  number,  in  1740;  and 
a  funeral  of  Mrs.  Elizabeth  Black- 
well,  who  died,  April  oth,  1754,  in 
the  83d  year  of  her  age,  preached 
at  her  interment  at  Cirencester. 
Wilson's  Hist.  Dissent.  Churches, 
vol.  4,  p.  235. 

FLOURNOY,  Francis,  a  Baptist 
minister,  was  born  in  Virginia, 
and  was  a  member  of  Tomahawk 
Church,  Chesterfield  county.  He 
removed  to  Georgia,  and  joined 
Bethesda  Church,  in  Greene  co. 
By   this  church    he  was  licensed. 


and  sent  as  a  delegate  to  the  Geor- 
gia Association,  in  1800.  In  1806, 
he  was  a  member  and  first  pastor 
of  Tirzah  Church,  in  Putnam. 
About  1820,  he  was  appointed  su- 
perintendant  of  the  mission  among 
the  Creek  Lidians,  to  be  sustained  by 
the  co-operation  of  the  Georgia,  Oc- 
mulgee,  and  Ebenezer  Associations. 
But  he  declined  the  appointment 
on  account  of  pecuniary  embarrass- 
ment, and  Mr.  Compere  was  ap- 
pointed. He  had  been  an  unsuc- 
cessful merchant  in  Madison.  After 
this  he  spent  some  years  in  trading 
in  lands  in  Early  and  contiguous 
counties.  During  his  trips  down 
into  that  region,  occasion  was  fur- 
nished for  reports  touching  his 
moral  character,  on  account  of 
which  he  was  excluded  from  the 
church  in  1826.  He  was  restored 
again,  and  died  in  church  fellow- 
ship. There  was  no  positive  proof 
of  his  guilt,  though  the  circum- 
stances were  of  so  suspicious  a  char- 
acter as  to  demand  his  expulsion, 
for  a  time  at  least.  He  had,  in  his 
embarrassed  condition,  relinquished 
preaching  almost  entirely.  In  the 
sale  of  i'ractions,  prior  to  1812,  as 
one  of  the  state  commissioners,  he 
was  laid  under  severe  censure  by 
the  legislature.  But  it  was  evident 
he  had  been  led  astray  by  others, 
and  was  not  deeply  involved  in 
guilt.  Before  his  death,  (which 
occurred  aboirt  1829,)  he  had  re- 
sumed the  ministerial  oHice,  and 
seemed  desirous  to  be  usel'ul ;  but 
in  order  to  sustain  his  family,  was 
occasionally  engaged  in  trading 
excursions.  On  one  of  those  trips, 
he  encamped  by  the  roadside,  near 
Monticello,  Jasper  county,  and  was 
murdered  in  the  night  by  a  run- 
away negro,  who  supposed  he  had 
monev.  The  murderer  was  arrested 


270 


Fo 


HAYNES'  BAPTIST 


Fo 


and  executed.  He  was  a  man  of 
respectable  talents,  and  of  consider- 
able acquirements  ;  had  been  clerk 
of  the  Ocmulgee  Association,  and 
died  in  his  56th  year.  If  the  co- 
vetousness  of  the  churches  compell- 
ed him  to  resort  to  secular  business 
to  sustain  his  family,  then  the 
churches  must  in  a  measure  bear 
the  shame  of  his  enrbarrassment, 
and  the  consequent  reproach 
brought  upon  the  cause.  But  if 
avarice  induced  him  to  embark  in 
merchandize,  for  which  he  could 
not  have  been  well  qualified,  then 
the  reproach  attaches  to  himself 
alone.  An  only  son  is  a  reputable 
member  of  society.  Campbell's 
Georgia  Baptists,  p.  134,  135. 

FORME  Y,  John  Henry  Samuel. 
A  Prussian  writer  of  versatile  tal- 
ents, originally  of  a  French  family, 
was  born  at  Berlin,  1711;  died 
1797.  Of  his  numerous  works  we 
shall  notice  only — His  Ecclesiasti- 
cal History,  from  the  birth  of 
Christ  to  the  present  time,  translat- 
ed from  the  French,  with  an  Ap- 
pendix added,  giving  an  account  of 
the  Methodists,  by  the  translator, 
and  published,  Lond.  1766,  2  vols. 
8vo.  We  quote  the  Abridgment, 
vol.  1,  p.  33.  "They  baptized" 
(says  Formey,)  "  about  this  time," 
(toward  the  end  of  the  2d  century,) 
"vifaiits  as  well  as  adults,"  xxx. 
"  Putting  off  their  cloaths,  they 
were  dipped  three  times  in  water ; 
but  when  they  administered  bap- 
tism to  cUniques,  i.  e.,  to  those  who 
were  confined  to  their  beds  from 
illness,  they  made  use  of  only  sim- 
ple  sprinkling.'''  Bib.  Brit.,  Booth, 
and  work  above  cited. 

FORBES,  Philo,  a  Baptist  au- 
thor of — Christian  Baptism  Vindi- 
cated, in  answer  to  Mr.  House's 
Treatise   on    Infant   Baptism    and 


Church  Membership.  Rochester, 
N.  Y.,  1834, 12mo.  pp.  48.  Ben.  p. 
223 

FOSTER,  James,  D.  D.  This 
celebrated  Baptist  divine,  who 
came  over  from  the  Presbyterians, 
was  born  at  Exeter,  England,  on 
the  16th  of  September,  1697.  His 
grandj'ather  was  a  clergyman  of  the 
Church  of  England,  at  Kettering, 
in  Northamptonshire ;  and  his  fa- 
ther, who  imbibed  the  principles  of 
dissent  from  a  religious  uncle,  who 
had  the  care  of  his  education,  fol- 
lowed the  business  of  a  fuller.  At 
five  years  of  age,  our  divine  was 
sent  to  the  free-school  at  Exeter, 
where  he  made  so  rapid  a  progress 
in  grammar-learning,  that  his  mas- 
ter, a  Mr.  Thorpe,  spoke  of  him  in 
the  warnrest  terms  of  applause,  and 
boasted  of  him  as  the  glory  of  his 
school.  Here  he  commenced  his 
acquaintance  with  Dr.  Coneybeare, 
afterwards  bishop  of  Bristol.  From 
the  grammar-school  he  was  removed 
to  an  academy  for  educating  dis- 
senting ministers,  then  under  the 
care  of  Mr.  Joseph  Hallet,  sen.,  in 
the  same  city,  where  he  went 
through  the  different  courses  of 
study  necessary  to  qualify  him  for 
the  ministerial  profession.  By  his 
abilities  and  improvement,  he  soon 
acquired  the  admiration  both  of  his 
tutor  and  his  fellow-students.  Mr. 
Foster  began  to  preach  in  the  year 
1718,  when  he  was  in  his  twenty- 
first  year,  and  he  was  much  ad- 
mired in  different  places  where  he 
occasionally  officiated.  At  this  time 
the  controversy  respecting  the  Tri- 
nity, and  a  subscription  to  articles 
of  faith  as  a  test  of  orthodoxj",  was 
carried  on  with  great  warmth 
among  the  Dissenters,  particularly 
in  the  west  of  England.  As  Mr. 
Foster  sided  with  what  was  called 


Fo 


HAYNES'  BAPTIST 


Fo 


271 


the  heterodox  part}',  he  met  witli 
much  opposition,  hut  was  counte- 
nanced and    held  in  high  esteem 

( hy  nuiny  worthy  persons,  particu- 
huly  hy  Mr.  Jus.  Pierce,  ot"  Exeter. 
Thus  circumstanced,  lie  was  in- 
duced to  close  with  an  invitation 
from  a  Dissenting  congregation  at 
Milborne-Port,  in  Somersetshire. 
There  he  continued  till  his  senti- 
ments becoming  disagreeable  to 
some  of  his  hearers,  who  were  zea- 
lous in  the  cause  of  orthodoxy,  the 
situation  became  uneasy  to  him. 
He  then  removed  to  the  house  of 
Mr.  Nicholas  Billingsby,  a  brother 
minister  at  Ashwick,  an  obscure 
retreat  under  the  hills  of  Mondip, 
in  the  same  county.  While  con- 
cealed in  this  asylum,  he  preached 
to  two  poor,  plain  congregations — 

■  one  at  Colesford,  and  the  other  at 
Wokey,  near  Wells  ;  but  both  to- 
gether raised  him  a  salary  of  only 
fifteen  pounds  per  annum.  For 
some  years  he  lived  in  this  state  of 
humble  poverty,  but  retained  his 
usual  cheerfulness,  and  applied 
himself  clo.sely  to  study.  "  His 
chief  view,"  says  a  worthy  divine, 
who  knew  him  well,  "  was  to  main- 
tain his  own  integrity,  and  promote 
the  honor  of  his  great  Lord  ;  hear- 
ing difficulties  with  a  rational  firm- 
ness and  calm  submission  to  the 
Divine  will."  At  Ashwick,  he 
commenced  an  intimacy  with  Mr. 
Herbert  Stogdon,  a  minister  of 
similar  views,  and  who  supplied 
the  two  congregations  at  Colesford 
and  Wokey,  alternately  with  him. 
It  was  during  this  retreat,  in  the 
year  1720,  that  Mr.  Foster  publish- 
ed an  "  Essay  on  Fundamentals, 
with  particular  regard  to  the  doc- 
trine of  the  ever  blessed  Trinity, 
&c." — designed  to  check  that  cen- 
sorious    and     uncharitable    spirit 


which  was  then  so  prevalent,  by 
showing  that  the  Trinitarian  notion 
is  not  one  of  the  fundamentals  of 
Christianity,  or,  in  other  words,  one 
of  tho.se  doctrines,  a  belief  of  which 
is  made  an  express  condition  of 
happiness  in  the  sacred  Avritings. 
Subjoined  to  the  essay  is  a  sermon, 
entitled  "The  Resurrection  of  C  hrist 
proved  and  vindicated  against  the 
most  important  objections  of  the 
ancient  Jews  and  modern  Deists, 
and  His  Disciples  shown  to  be  suf- 
ficient Witnesses  of  the  Fact." 
These  pieces  are  said  to  be  written 
with  much  abilit}^,  spirit,  and  good 
temper.  "  But  the  essay,"  observes 
one  of  his  biographers,  "  instead  of 
allaying,  increased  the  clamors  of 
his  opponents,  who  were  fruitful 
in  their  invention  of  such  calumnies 
as  might  blacken  his  character,  and 
render  him  obnoxious  to  the  igno- 
rant and  bigoted.  Their  conduct, 
however,  excited  no  other  senti- 
ment than  that  of  pity  in  his  en- 
lightened and  candid  mind,  and  did 
not  tempt  him,  either  in  his  actions 
or  language,  to  transgress  the  rules 
of  christian  charity  and  forbear- 
ance for  which  he  pleaded.  This 
amiable  temper  cannot  but  be  high- 
ly commended  hy  those  who  differ 
the  most  widely  from  Mr.  Foster  in 
their  views  of  the  doctrines  of  the 
gospel ;  and  so  far  as  the  former 
part  of  this  account  was  true,  it 
merits  the  severest  censure.  Argu- 
ment, and  not  abuse,  is  the  only 
proper  weapon  for  subjugating  error. 
From  Ashwick,  Mr.  Foster  removed 
to  Trowbridge,  in  Wiltshire,  where 
he  preached  for  .some  time  to  a 
small  Presbyterian  congregation, 
Avhich  did  not  actually  consist  of 
more  than  twenty  or  thirty  persons. 
During  his  residence  in  tiiis  place, 
in  consequence  of  reading  Dr.  Gale's 


Treatise  on  Infant  Baptism,  he  be- 
came a  conA^ert  to  the  opinion,  that 
baptism  of  adults  by  immersion  is 
the  true  scriptural  rite,  and  was 
afterwards  baptized  according  to 
that  mode  in  London.  By  adopting 
this  opinion  and  practice,  he  gave 
a  strong  proof  of  his  integrity ;  for 
it  was  calculated  to  narrow  his 
prospects  of  worldly  success,  by 
preventing  his  settlement  in  a  ma- 
jority of  Dissenting  places,  where 
his  freedom  of  sentiment  would 
not  otherwise  prove  unacceptable  ; 
and  he  could  entertain  but  little 
expectation  of  meeting  with  a  Bap- 
tist church  from  which  his  want  of 
orthodoxy  would  not  exclude  him. 
This  variation  of  sentiment  pro- 
duced no  difficulty  between  him 
and  the  people  of  Trowbridge  ;  but 
so  insufficient  was  the  utmost  in- 
come which  they  could  contribute 
to  his  support,  that  he  entertained 
some  thoughts  of  quitting  the  min- 
istry, and  of  betaking  himself  to  a 
secular  employment.  At  one  time 
he  is  said  to  have  deliberated  about 
learning  the  trade  of  a  glover,  from 
the  person  in  whose  house  he  board- 
ed ;  but  he  was  diverted  from  this 
by  the  unexpected  kindness  and 
generosity  of  Robert  Houlton,  Esq., 
who  took  him  into  his  house  as 
chaplain,  and  became  his  patron 
and  friend.  By  this  means  he  was 
introduced  to  wider  circles  and 
more  respectable  connexions,  in 
which  his  talents  and  character 
soon  attracted  much  notice  and 
admiration.  A  virulent  pamphlet, 
supposed  to  be  written  by  a  clergy- 
man, and  published  at  that  period, 
fell  foul  both  upon  his  Essni/  and 
his  patron,  putting  the  latter  under 
a  curse  for  taking  him  into  his 
house,  and  bidding  him  God  speed. 
In  the  year  1724,  Mr.  Foster  re- 


moved to  London,  being  chosen  to 
the  joint  pastoral  charge,  with  Mr. 
Joseph  Burroughes,  of  the  General 
Baptist  Church,  in  Paul's-alley, 
Barbican,  in  the  room  of  the  learned 
Dr.  Gale,  deceased.  To  this  office 
he  was  ordained  on  the  1st  of  July, 
in  that  year,  and  maintained  the 
connexion  with  great  reputation 
lor  more  than  twenty  years.  In 
the  year  1728,  he  engaged  in  a 
Lord's-day  evening  lecture,  at  the 
Old  Jewry,  which  he  carried  on 
till  nearly  the  time  of  his  death, 
with  a  degree  of  popularity  which 
is  said  to  have  been  unexampled 
amongProtestant Dissenters.  "Here 
(says  Dr.  Fleming)  was  a  conflu- 
ence of  persons  of  every  rank,  sta- 
tion, and  quality,  wits,  free-think- 
ers, numbers  of  clergy,  who,  whilst 
they  gratified  their  curiosity,  had 
their  prepossessions  shaken,  and 
their  prejudices  loosened.  And  of 
the  usefulness  and  success  of  these 
lectures  he  had  a  large  number  of 
written  testimonials,  from  unknown 
as  well  as  known  persons."  In 
the  year  1731,  Mr.  Foster  published 
a  valuable  treatise,  entitled  "  The 
Usefulness,  Truth,  and  Excellency 
of  the  Christian  Revelation  defend- 
ed against  the  objections  contained 
in  a  late  book,  entitled  '  Christi- 
anity as  Old  as  the  Creation,  &c.'  " 
This  performance  reflects  much 
credit  on  the  abilities  and  ingenuity 
of  the  author,  and  is  written  with 
great  clearness  of  thought  and  ex- 
pression. It  met  with  such  general 
approbation  from  the  judicious  and 
candid  of  all  parties,  that  repeated 
impressions  were  soon  demanded 
by  the  public.  Even  Dr.  Tindal, 
against  whose  work  it  was  written, 
is  said  always  to  have  spoken  of  it 
with  great  respect.  In  the  year 
1734,  Mr.  Foster  published,  in  oc- 


tavo,  a  volume  of  "  Sermons,"  on 
various  interesting  subjects.  This 
was  so  well  received,  that  a  fourth 
edition  was  called  for  in  the  year 
1745,  and  it  encouraged  the  author 
to  present  the  public  with  three 
additional  volumes,  of  which  the 
last  appeared  in  1744.  The  whole 
four  volumes  passed  to  a  fifth  im- 
pression in  175o.  One  of  the  ser- 
mons in  the  first  of  these  volumes, 
on  the  subject  of  Heresy,  engaged 
our  author  in  a  controversy  with 
Dr.  Henry  Stebbing,  then  one  of 
the  king's  chaplains,  and  preacher 
to  the  society  in  Gray's  Inn.  As 
the  pamphlets  published  on  this 
occasion  by  the  "two  disputants, 
and  which  appeared  in  1735,  and 
two  following  years,  are  numerous, 
the  titles  shall  be  added  at  the  close 
of  this  article.  In  the  course  of 
the  controversy,  Mr.  Foster's  skill 
in  disputation,  acquaintance  with 
scripture  criticism,  and  just  views 
of  Christian  liberty,  appeared  to 
eminent  advantage.  It  w^as  subse- 
quent to  the  publication  of  his  ser- 
mons, that  some  sentiments  he  had 
advanced  upon  the  leading  doc- 
trines of  the  gospel,  which  he  ex- 
plained according  to  the  Socinian 
scheme,  were  severely  animadvert- 
ed upon  by  Mr.  John  Paine,  a  min- 
ister of  some  note  among  the  Par- 
ticular Baptists,  and  a  rigid  Calvin- 
ist.  Of  this  attack  it  does  not  ap- 
pear that  our  author  took  any  public 
notice.  Towards  the  close  of  the 
year  1744,  Mr.  Foster  accepted  the 
pastoral  charge  of  the  Independent 
Congregation  at  Pinners'-Hall,  in 
the  room  of  Dr.  Jeremiah  Hunt, 
deceased.  It  appears  from  this  cir- 
cumstance that  our  author  was  an 
advocate  for  free-communion.  The 
church  at  Barbican,  holding  his 
services  in  high   estimation,   was| 


unwilling  to  part  with  him,  and 
earnestly  desired  the  continuance 
of  the  connexion,  notwithstand- 
ing his  accepting  the  pastoral  re- 
lation in  the  other  church.  This, 
however,  he  declined,  being  against 
pluralities  ;  but  he  was  very  thank- 
ful for  the  respect  and  attention 
shown  to  him  upon  this  occasion. 
In  the  year  1746,  Mr.  Foster  was 
called  upon  to  perform  a  melancholy 
office,  which  made  an  impression 
on  his  tender  and  sympathizing 
mind  that  was  painfully  felt  by 
him  ever  afterwards.  This  was  to 
attend  the  Earl  of  Kilmarnock,  who 
was  then  in  the  Tower  under  the 
sentence  of  death.  He  accompanied 
this  unfortunate  nobleman  to  the 
scaffold,  and  afterwards  published, 
in  a  small  octavo  pamphlet,  "An 
Account  of  the  behavior  of  the  late 
Earl  of  Kilmarnock,  after  his  Sen- 
tence, and  on  the  Day  of  his  Exe- 
cution." Shortly  after  its  appear- 
ance there  came  forth  another 
pamphlet,  by  way  of  answer,  en- 
titled "  Kilmarnock's  Ghost."  It 
was  the  production  of  the  Rev. 
Malachi  Blake,  a  worthy  Dissent- 
ing minister,  at  Blandford,  and  was 
written  from  an  apprehension  that 
Mr.  Foster  had  been  superficial,  if 
not  erroneous,  in  the  advice  he 
gave  to  that  peer.  Mr.  Foster's 
conduct  in  this  affair  was  also  ani- 
madverted upon  by  some  other 
writers,  at  the  same  time.  In  Dec. 
1748,  the  Marischal  College  of 
Aberdeen  conferred  upon  him  the 
degree  of  Doctor  of  Divinity.  On 
this  occasion  he  received  very 
handsome  letters  from  Principal 
Blackwell  and  Professor  David 
Fordyce.  In  1749,  Mr.  Foster  pub- 
lished, in  quarto,  the  first  volume 
of  his  "  Discourses  on  ail  the  prin- 
cipal Branches  of  Natural  Religion 


274 


Fo 


HAYNES'  BAPTIST 


Fo 


and  Social  Virtue."  The  second 
volume  appeared  in  1752.  One 
chief  view  of  the  author  in  this 
work  was  to  render  both  the  prin- 
ciples and  the  proofs  of  natural  re- 
ligion, which  equally  concern  all 
without  distinction,  fully  intelli- 
gible, by  omitting  as  much  as  pos- 
sible all  philosophical  and  scholas- 
tic terms,  and  reducing  more  in- 
volved and  abstruse  propositions  to 
a  plainer  form.  To  the  second 
volume  are  annexed  offices  of  de- 
motion, suited  to  the  principal  sub- 
jects, v,fhich  have  been  pronounced 
to  be  compositions  of  great  merit 
in  their  kind.  Those  volumes  have 
now  fallen  into  great  disrepute,  and 
a  re  but  little  read.  Nor  is  this  cir- 
cumstance, in  a  religious  view,  to 
be  greatly  regretted.  Systems  of 
Natural  Religion,  as  they  are  very 
improperly  called,  have  been  of 
great  disservice  to  Christianity,  for 
which  they  have  been  often  substi- 
tuted. Their  usual  tendency  has 
been  to  divert  the  attention  from 
the  study  of  the  scriptures,  and 
promote  an  indifference,  if  not  a 
sceptical  disregard,  to  the  leading 
doctrines  oi'  revelation.  The  most 
remarkable  circumstance  attending 
Dr.  Foster's  work  is,  that  it  was 
ushered  into  the  world  with  the 
names  of  two  thousand  subscribers, 
containing  the  names  of  the  most 
distinguished  personages  of  the 
kingdom.  This  was  a  most  un- 
usual thing,  and  affords  convincing 
proof  of  the  great  estimation  which 
the  abilities  of  our  author  obtained 
among  persons  of  different  persua- 
sions. It  has  been  intimated  above, 
that  after  his  attendance  upon  Lord 
Kilmarnock,  Dr.  Foster  lost  much 
of  his  natural  vivacity.  In  the 
month  of  April,  1750,  he  was  at- 
tacked by  a  violent  disorder,  from 


the  effects  of  which  he  never  wholly 
recovered,  though  he  continued  to 
preach,    as  often  as  he  was  able, 
till  Jan.  1752-3.      In  that  mouth 
he  had  another  attack,  Avhich  ap- 
pears to  have  been  of  the  paralytic 
kind  ;  after  which,  he  continued  in 
a  declining  way  till  the  middle  of 
i  October,  when  the  dead-palsy  struck 
j  his  right  side.      After  this,  he  re- 
I  mained  calm  and  sensible,  till  he 
breathed  his  last,   on  the   5th  of 
!  November,  1753,  in  the  o7th  year 
of  his  age.    His  funeral  sermon  was 
preached  at  Pinners'-Hall,  by  Dr. 
j  Caleb  Fleming,  fronx  Acts  xi.  23, 
1 24.     Another  discourse,  upon  the 
same  occasion,  was  delivered  at  the 
evening  lecture,  in  Old  Jewry,  by 
the   late  Mr.  Charles  Bulkley,  on 
John  X.  35. 

From  the  preceding  narrative  the 
reader  will  be  able  to  form  some 
estimate  of  the  character  of  Dr. 
Foster.  His  abilities,  natural  and 
acquired,  appear  to  have  been  of  a 
superior  kind  ;  but  it  was  as  a 
preacher  that  he  gained  the  greatest 
celebrity.  His  popularity  is  said 
to  have  been  occasioned  by  the  fol- 
lowing circumstance  : — A  physician 
of  rank  and  eminence,  happening 
to  pass  by  the  meeting-house  where 
he  was  preaching,  during  a  shower 
of  rain,  went  in  for  shelter.  He 
heard  a  few  sentences,  and  was  so 
charmed,  that  he  stayed  the  whole 
of  the  time,  and  afterwards  spoke 
of  him,  upon  all  occasions,  with 
emphatical  esteem  as  a  preacher. 
He  appears  to  have  possessed  a  fine 
genius,  a  lively  imagination,  and 
an  uncommon  sprightliness  and 
vivacity  of  address.  His  elocution 
was  just,  and  his  language  masterly. 
He  had  a  happy  talent  at  reasoning, 
and  expressed  himself  with  perspi- 
cuity, elegance,  and  energy.     His 


voice  was  naturally  stron^,  distinct 
and  harmonious ;  and  his  action 
grave  and  expressive.  Such  quali- 
ties could  not  tail  to  arrest  the  at- 
tention. It  was  probably  to  these 
circumstances,  rather  than  to  his 
benevolence,  that  he  was  indebted 
tor  so  large  a  share  of  popularity. 
Benevolence,  however,  formed  a , 
leading  feature  in  his  character.  \ 
This  was  evidenced,  not  only  in ; 
his  compassion  to  the  distressed, 
but  as  it  formed  the  basis,  and  we 
might  add,  the  essence,  of  his  re- ' 
ligious  creed.  To  this  attribute  he 
made  his  sentiments,  as  well  as  his  I 
actions,  subservient.  As  Dr.  Foster 
was  far  gone  in  the  Socinian  scheme, 
and  laid  but  little  stress  upon  the 
peculiar  doctrines  of  revelation,  he 
was  charged  by  some  persons  with 
deism  and  intidelity.  The  accusa- 
tion, as  far  as  respected  a  belief  in 
the  evidences  of  Christianity,  was 
undoubtedly  false.  This  appears 
from  the  excellent  sentiment  that 
follows  :  "  I  take  this  opportunity 
to  declare,  in  an  age  in  which  scep- 
ticism prevails  to  a  high  degree, 
that  I  esteem  it  an  honor  to  be  a 
Jinn  believer,  and  from  devotedness 
of  mind,  a  preacher  and  public  ad- 
vocate for  the  Christian  institution ; 
and  think  all  those  j  ustly  charge- 
able with  great  baseness,  pusilla- 
nimity and  hypocrisy,  who  either 
preach  or  profess  it,  lor  the  sake  of 
popularity,  or  any  worldly  conside- 
ration whatsoever,  without  being 
themselves  real  and  hearty  chris- 
tians." 

The  first  pamphlet  published  in 
his  controversy  with  Dr.  Stebbing, 
arising  from  his  sermons  on  Heresy, 
noticed  previously,  was  entitled 
"  A  Letter  to  Mr.  Foster  on  the 
subject  of  Heresy.  By  Henry  Steb- 
bing, D.D."     This  produced   "  An 


Answer  to  Dr.  Stebbing's  Letter  on 
Heresy.  In  a  letter  to  the  Doctor. 
By  James  Foster."  To  this  Dr. 
Stebbing  replied,  in  "  A  Second 
Letter  to  Mr.  Foster  on  the  subject 
of  Heresy."  This  was  followed  by 
"  An  Answer  to  Dr.  Stebbing's 
Second  Letter  on  the  subject  of 
Heresy:  in  which  the  whole  con- 
troversy is  fairly  stated  and  re-ex- 
amined. By  James  Foster."  To 
this  tract  succeeded  "A  True  State 
of  the  Controversy  with  Mr.  Foster 
on  the  subjectof  Heresy ;  in  Answer 
to  his  Second  Letter.  By  Henry 
Stebbing,  D.D."  "  An  Answer  to 
Dr.  Stebbing's  True  State  of  the 
Controversy  with  Mr.  Foster  on  the 
subject  of  Heresy;  by  Jas.  Foster," 
closed  the  debate.  These  pieces, 
collected  together,  tbrm  a  moderate- 
size  octavo  volume.  Besides  the 
pieces  already  mentioned.  Dr.  Fos- 
ter published  three  Sermons  upon 
funeral  occasions: — 1.  Upon  the 
death  of  Mrs.  Mary  Wilkes.  Eccles. 
vii.  2.  1732.  2.  On  the  death  of 
Rev.  Thomas  Emlyn  ;  preached  at 
Barbican,  Aug.  16,  1741.  Heb. 
viii.  12.  3.  On  the  death  of  Rev. 
Joshua  Ashworth ;  preached  at 
White's-alley,  Oct.  31,  1742.  Isa. 
xi.  6.  It  may  not  be  improper  to 
mention,  that  the  celebrated  Mr. 
Whiston,  in  the  latter  part  of  his 
life,  received  baptism  trom  Dr. 
Foster,  and  became  a  member  of 
his  church.  Dr.  Foster  was  interred 
in  Bunhill-fields,  where  a  handsome 
monument  was  erected  over  his 
tomb  ;  but  it  is  now  gone  to  decay, 
and  the  inscription  illegible.  The 
following  is  copied  from  an  early 
volume  of  the  Gentleman's  Maga- 


Here  lie  the  Remains  of 

JAMES    FOSTER,    D.  D., 

Born  at  Exeter,  in  Devonshire,  1 6th  Sept.  1697. 

Early  trained  up  to  academical  studies, 


And  prepared  for  the  sacred  work  to  which 

Ho  devoted  himself, 

By  diligent  researches  into  tlie  Holy  Scriptures, 

And  the  assistance  they  afford  as  a  guide  to 

natural  reason; 

Also  by  serious  piety,  elevated  thought, 

Happy  facility  in  composing,  and  fluency  in 

expression  ; 

His  judgment  in  divine  things  not  guided  by 

the  opinion  of  others, 

Produced  many  discourses  and  writings,  out  of  the 

common  way,  some  in  defence  of  the 

divine  religion, 

But  in  most  cases  recommending  love  towards  God 

and  man. 

Notwithstanding  the  censures  which  fell  upon  him, 

He  was  candid  towards  all  whom  he 

believed  sincere. 

Beneficent  to  the  neglect  of  himself, 

Agreeable    and    useful    in   conversation. 

And  careful  to  avoid  even  the  appearance  of  eviL 

He  began  his  ministry  in  the  West  Country, 

under  great  discouragements; 

Was  ordained  pastor  in  July,  1724,  at 

Barbican,  in  London  ; 

And  after  twenty  years'  service  there. 

Removed  to  Pinners*-Hall,  in  the  same  city. 

In  Dec.  1748,  the  University  of  Aberdeen,  in  Scotland, 

Conferred  on  him,  unsought,  the  degree  of  D.D. 

His    eloquence    procured    him     many    hearers    of 

different  persuasions; 

Till  at  length,  by  his  great  assiduity  in 

preaching  and  writing. 

He  sunk  into  a  nervous  disorder. 

Which,  increasing  upon  him  for  two  or  three  years, 

Put  an  end  to  his  life,  5tli  Nov.  1753, 

In  the  57th  year  of  his  age. 

This  memoir  of  Dr.  Foster  is 
abridged  from  Walter  Wilson's 
Hist.  Dissent.  Churches,  vol.  2,  p. 
270-283.  See  also  Evans'  Sketches 
of  All  Denominations,  p.  156. 

FOSTER,  E.,  an  American  Bap- 
tist, author  of — Two  .Letters  on  the 
Terms  of  Communion  at  the  Lord's 
Table.  To  a  Paidobaptist.  Ben., 
p.  253. 

FOSTER,  Benjamin,  D.D.,  late 
pastor  of  the  first  Baptist  Church 
in  the  city  of  New- York,  descended 
from  respectable  parents  of  the 
Congregational  Church,  and  was 
born  at  Danvers,  in  the  county  of 
Essex,  Mass.,  June  12,  1750. 

Agreeably  to  the  custom  of  his 
native  state,  he  received  the  early 
part  of  his  education  at  the  town 
school ;  and  as  he  evinced,  from 
his  tender  years,  a  remarkably  de- 
vout and  pious  disposition,  his  pa- 


rents devoted  his  whole  time  to 
academical  pursuits  in  that  semi- 
nary, in  order  to  fit  him  for  the 
university,  where  they  intended  to 
fix  him,  as  soon  as  his  age  would 
admit  of  his  removal  from  under 
their  immediate  care.  At  the  age 
of  eighteen,  he  was  placed  at  Yale 
College,  in  Connecticut,  at  that 
time  under  the  direction  of  the 
learned  and  pious  President  Dagget, 
where  he  soon  distinguished  him- 
self, no  less  by  his  religious  and 
exemplary  life,  than  by  his  assiduity 
and  success  in  classical  literature. 
About  this  time,  several  tracts 
relative  to  the  proper  subjects  of 
baptism,  and  also  to  the  scriptural 
mode  of  administering  that  divine 
ordinance,  having  made  their  ap- 
pearance, the  matter  was  consider- 
ably agitated  in  college,  and  fixed 
upon  as  a  proper  subject  for  discus- 
sion. Mr.  F.  was  appointed  to  de- 
fend infant  sprinkling.  To  prepare 
himself  for  the  dispute,  he  used  the 
utmost  exertion  :  he  endeavored  to 
view  the  question  in  every  light  in 
which  he  could  possibly  place  it  : 
he  carefully  searched  the  holy  scrip- 
tures, and  examined  the  history  of 
the  church  from  the  times  of  the 
apostles.  The  result,  however,  was 
very  different  from  what  had  been 
expected  ;  for  when  the  day  ap- 
pointed for  discussion  had  arrived, 
he  was  so  far  from  being  prepared 
to  defend  infant  sprinkling,  that, 
to  the  great  astonishment  of  the 
officers  of  the  college,  he  avowed 
himself  a  decided  convert  to  the 
doctrine,  that  only  those  who  pro- 
fess faith  in  Christ  are  the  subjects, 
and  that  immersion  only  is  the 
mode  of  christian  baptism  ;  and  of 
which  he  continued,  ever  after,  a 
steady,  zealous  and  powerful  advo- 
cate. 


His  mind  was  impressed  with 
serious  concern  at  an  early  period, 
but  he  had  nearly  arrived  at  man- 
hood before  he  obtained  a  satisfac- 
tory evidence  that  he  had  passed 
from  death  unto  life.  While  a 
youth  his  temptations  to  blaspheme 
were  often  so  strong,  that,  as  he 
related  to  some  pious  friends,  he 
has  laid  fast  hold  of  his  lips,  to 
prevent  himself  from  sinning 
against  his  Creator. 

He  graduated  about  the  year 
1772,  soon  after  which  he  was  bap- 
tized, and  joined  the  church  in 
Boston  of  which  Samuel  Stiilraa-n. 
D.D.,  was  pastor,  under  whose  fos- 
tering care  he  applied  himself  to 
the  study  of  divinity,  and  took 
upon  himself  the  charge  of  the 
Baptist  Church  in  Leicester,  Mass., 
over  which  he  was  the  same  year 
regularly  ordained  as  pastor.  Dur- 
ing his  residence  in  that  place,  he 
published  a  tract,  entitled  "  The 
Washing  of  Regeneration  ;  or,  The 
Divine  Rite  of  Immersion,"  in  an- 
swer to  a  treatise  on  the  subject  of 
"baptism,  written  by  the  Rev.  Mr. 
Fish.  And  soon  after  he  published 
his  "  Primitive  Baptism  defended, 
in  a  letter  to  the  Rev.  Mr.  John 
Cleaveland  :'"  in  both  of  which  he 
discovered  considerable  erudition, 
great  depth  of  argument,  and  much 
christian  charity.  After  having 
continued  at  Leicester  for  several 
years,  his  connexion  with  that 
church  was  dissolved,  and  he 
preached  a  short  time  in  his  native 
town  of  Danvers  ;  but  as  neither 
Danvers  nor  Leicester  afforded  him 
the  use  of  such  books  as  were  ne- 
cessary for  a  person  of  his  studious 
turn,  he  accepted  of  an  invitation 
to  take  upon  him  the  pastoral  care 
of  a  church  in  Newport,  Rhode! 
Island,  where  he  soon  had  the  sa-i 


tisfaction  to  find  that  his  sphere  of 
u.sefulness  was  considerably  en- 
larged, and  his  means  of  study 
greatly  improved.  On  an  invitation 
from  the  Hrst  Baptist  Church  in 
New- York,  he  paid  them  a  visit  in 
1788,  and  after  having  preached 
there  for  a  short  time,  received  au 
unanimous  call  to  settle  amongst 
them  as  their  pastor.  Upon  his  re- 
turn to  Newport,  he  consulted  with 
his  church,  who,  though  highly 
pleased  with  the  eminent  services 
of  their  learned  and  faithful  teacher, 
were  unwilling  to  throw  any  ob- 
stacle in  the  way  which  might  im- 
pede his  removal  to  a  place  where 
his  ministerial  labors  might  be  still 
more  extensively  useful.  He  there- 
fore accepted  the  call  to  New- York ; 
and  having  taken  upon  him  the 
pastoral  charge  of  that  church  in 
the  autumn  of  the  same  year,  con- 
tinued in  that  station  till  the  time 
of  his  death. 

Li  Sept.  179-3,  the  degree  of  D.D. 
was  conferred  upon  him  by  the  col- 
lege of  Rhode  Island,  in  conse- 
quence of  a  learned  publication  of 
his,  entitled  "  A  Dissertation  on 
the  seventy  weeks  of  Daniel,  the 
particular  and  exact  fulfilment  of 
which  prophecy  is  considered  and 
proved." 

From  the  time  Dr.  Foster  set  out 
as  a  gospel  minister,  he  was  uni- 
formly assiduous  in  the  discharge 
of  all  the  duties  of  his  office ;  nor 
did  his  zeal  in  the  service  of  his 
Master  abate,  as  he  advanced  in 
life ;  for  during  his  last  twelve  or 
fourteen  years,  it  was  his  constant 
practice  to  preach  from  four  to  six 
sermons  every  week.  But  the  yel- 
low fever,  which  committed  so  great 
havoc  in  New-York,  during  the  au- 
tumn of  1798,  put  a  period  to  the 
usefulness  of  this  worthy  man.  This 


278 


Fo 


HAYNES'  BAPTIST 


Fo 


dreadful  malady  had  begun  to  pre- 
vail, and  several  of  his  friends  had 
sunk  under  its  malignity.  In  their 
last  illness  Dr.  Foster  was  frequent 
in  his  visits,  wiien  he  prayed  with 
them  and  administered  the  sooth- 
ing consolations  of  religion.  As  he 
was  one  of  those  whom  no  appear- 
ance of  danger  could  intimidate 
from  persevering  in  what  he  con- 
sidered to  be  the  path  of  duty,  he 
was  not  unwilling  to  visit  those 
scenes  of  affliction,  from  which,  at 
that  time,  many  of  the  best  of  men 
shrunk  back  with  terror.  He  was, 
however,  seized  with  the  disorder, 
and  after  an  illness  of  a  very  few 
days,  expired,  August  26,  1798,  to 
the  great  and  almost  irreparable 
loss  of  his  church,  aged  49  years. 

Dr.  Foster,  as  a  scholar,  particu- 
larly in  the  Greek,  Hebrew,  and 
Chaldean  languages,  has  left  few 
superiors.  As  a  divine,  he  was 
strictly  Calvinistic,  and  i'uU  of  the 
doctrine  of  salvation  by  I'ree  grace. 
As  a  preacher,  he  was  indel'atigable. 
In  private  life,  he  was  innocent  as 
a  child,  and  harmless  as  a  dove, 
fulfilling  all  the  duties  of  life  with 
the  greatest  punctuality.  The  fol- 
lowing inscription  on  a  handsome 
marble  over  his  grave,  in  the  Bap- 
tist burying- ground  in  New- York, 
written  by  an  eminent  Presbyterian 
clergyman  of  that  city,  is  an  enco- 
nium  justly  due  to  his  memory: 
"  As  a  scholar  and  divine,  he  ex- 
celled ;  as  a  preacher  he  was  emi- 
nent ;  as  a  christian  he  shone  con- 
spicuously ;  in  his  piety  he  was 
fervent ;  the  church  was  comforted 
by  his  life,  and  it  now  laments  his 
death." 

Dr.  Foster  was  twice  married, 
and  in  both  instances  was  blessed 
with  a  pious  and  excellent  com- 
panion.    His  first  wife,  who  was 


Elizabeth  Green,  daughter  of  the 
Rev.  Thomas  Green,  of  Leicester, 
died  August  19,  1703  ;  and  his  sec- 
ond was  Martha,  daughter  of  Mr. 
Ja-s.  Bingham,  of  New- York,  whom 
he  survived  but  a  very  short  time. 
She  died  July  27,  1798.  Baptist 
Library,  p.  296-297. 

FOSTER,  OiisoN  Gaylord,  the 
youngest  son  of  Salmon  and  Louisa 
Foster,  was  born  in  Whiting,  Ver- 
mont, August  27th,  1816.  Both 
of  his  parents  died  while  he  was 
only  five  years  of  age,  of  consump- 
tion, only  three  months  interven- 
ing. The  following  "Recollections 
of  my  parents,"  is  from  his  pen : 

"  Of  my  father's  personal  appear- 
ance I  have  no  remembrance,  but 
one  or  two  little  circumstances  I 
remember.  While  he  was  sick,  he 
walked  out,  one  pleasant  afternoon, 
and  being  very  weak,  he  could 
walk  but  a  little  distance  without 
sitting  down  to  rest.  I  carried  a 
chair  along  for  him  to  sit  upon. 
My  father  telt  unusually  well.  He 
hoped  for  a  recovery,  and  no  doubt 
expected  it.  That  night  he  died.' 
Yes,  while  indulging  in  the  pros- 
pect of  health  again.  Death  was 
placing  the  fatal  arrow  to  his  bow. 
Little  did  he  think  that  the  child 
who  drew  the  chair  along  by  his 
side,  was  so  soon  to  be  left  a  helpless 
orphan !  My  mother,  too,  is  in  her 
grave  !  I  remember  when  she  was 
on  her  dying  bed.  The  cold,  clam- 
my damp  of  death  was  on  her  brow. 
She  was  struggling  in  the  dissolu- 
tion of  nature.  She  could  speak 
only  in  a  whisper.  She  motioned 
me  to  her  bed-side.  She  whispered 
in  my  ear,  '  Always  be  a  good  boy.' 
The  window  curtains  were  down, 
the  room  darkened.  A  number  of 
weeping  friends  stood  round.  By 
her  request  I  was  brought  in.     O 


how  fearfnlly  pale  was  her  coun- 
tenance !  How  her  voice  sounded ! 
I  went  to  her  bed-side.  She  turn- 
ed with  much  dilhcuity,  and  spoke 
to  me  the  above  words.  They 
were  her  last  words.  I  hear  them 
yet.  They  will  ring  in  my  ears 
to  my  dying  iiour.  I  was  afraid. 
Yes,  the  child  turned  away  from 
the  side  of  his  dying  mother,  and 
as  he  turned,  knew  not  that  he 
was  sufl'ering  a  loss  Avhich  nothing 
could  restore.  The  circumstances 
that  I  have  mentioned  seem  like 
dreams,  vague,  dim,  shadowy.  But 
O,  I  shall  never  forget  my  mother. 

"  I  sometimes  fancy  that  as  I 
sit  alone  in  my  room,  spirits  are 
around  me  ;  that  my  dear  departed 
friends  are  permitted  to  visit  me. 
Spirits  of  my  departed,  early  lost, 
but  beloved  parents !  Are  ye  around 
me  ?  Oh  breathe  blessings  upon 
me !  May  I  ever  feel  and  act  as  I 
would,  if  I  saw  the  eyes  of  my  pa- 
rents really  fixed  upon  me.'" 

After  some  six  or  eight  mouths, 
the  family  was  broken  up  and  the 
children  scattered.  Orson  was  tak- 
en to  his  grandfather's  until  a  suita- 
ble place  could  be  found  for  him. 
He  says,  "  During  this  time  I  was 
spoilt.  I  was  put  over  to  the  care 
of  a  certain  aunt,  who  was  at  that 
time  '  mater  familias.'  "  We  in- 
sert the  following  paragraph  for  the 
important  and  too  much  neglected 
lesson  it  administers  to  parents, 
nurses,  and  domestics,  in  the  treat- 
ment of  young  children.  He  con- 
tinues :  "  What  I  remember  most 
about  her,  is,  her  ghost  stories,  bear 
stories,  liobgoblin  adventures  and 
hippogriff  rides.  I  used  to  sit  by 
her  side,  and  hear  her  tell  stories 
of  old  women  riding  on  broom- 
sticks— of  their  stealing  little  chil- 
dren  and  carrying  them  off  into 


horrid  caverns,  where  afterwards 
nothing  was  found  of  them  but 
piles  of  skulls  and  bones.  I  would 
sit  and  hear  such  frightful  stories 
till  1  durst  neither  stir  nor  breathe 
audibly,  and  the  only  way  she  could 
get  me  to  bed,  was  to  go  and  lie 
down  with  me  until  I  got  to  sleep. 
When  I  was  noisy,  she  would  tell 
me  if  I  did  not  stop,  a  hippogriff 
would  come  down  the  chimney 
and  carry  me  off  in  a  twinkling; 
and  then,  no  matter  how  'uproarious' 
I  had  been,  1  would  be  as  still  as 
she  could  wish.  It  was  a  desper- 
ate, but  sure  remedy,  and  used  on 
all  occasions.  I  used  almost  to 
hate  her  then,  and  have  had  good 
reason  to  since,  considering  the 
effect  her  stories  had  on  me.  No 
one  can  tell  the  amount  of  influ- 
ence they  will  have  on  one,  in  later 
life.  I  would  quicker  Avhip  a  child 
till  it  could  neither  stand  alone 
nor  cry,  and  thus  quiet  it,  than  to 
be  guilty  of  stilling  it  by  frightful 
stories.  The  one  injures  the  body 
only,  the  other  the  mind  and  moral 
powers." 

Wlien  about  six  years  old,  he 
was  given  to  a  Mr.  Levi  Reed,  of 
Moriah,  N.  Y.,  where  he  remained 
eight  years.  He  gives  a  vivid  de- 
scription of  Mr.  R.  as  a  "  plain 
man"  of  steady  habits  and  consist- 
ent piety.  Of  Mrs.  R.  he  says, 
"  My  first  religious  impressions  I 
got  from  her.  I  don't  know  as  I 
have  any  more  pleasing  recollec- 
tions of  early  childhood,  than  those 
connected  with  my  mother  Reed. 
I  remember  how  she  used  to  take 
me  aside  and  pray  with  me,  and 
talk  with  me  on  the  subject  of 
religion."  "  They  took  me  in  when 
fatherless  and  motherless,  and  I 
fared  in  their  family  like  one  of 
their  own  children.     I  shall  ever 


280 


Fo 


HAYNES'  BAPTIST 


Fo 


remember  them  with  gratitude 
and  affection."  "  I  do  not  remem- 
ber of  reading  any  books  except 
the  New  Testament,  Robinson 
Crusoe,  and  a  book  called  the  Won- 
ders of  Nature  and  Providence. 
The  last  two  made  a  wonderful 
impression  on  my  mind.  I  ran 
away  I'rom  school,  dug  a  hole  in  a 
snow  drift,  and  there  sat,  in  a  cold 
winter's  day,  to  read  Robinson 
Crusoe,  because  the  boy  to  whom 
the  book  belonged,  would  not  let 
me  have  it  but  one  day.  O  how 
I  devoured  that  book !  I  never 
shall  read  another  with  the  inter- 
est I  felt  in  that !  I  was  in  a  new 
world,  and  O  how  delighted  with 
its  inhabitants  !"  Those  who  know 
him,  and  know  the  influence  of 
one  stirring  book  read  at  that  age, 
must  form  their  own  judgment 
how  much  influence  that  book  ex- 
erted on  his  I'uture  character. 

It  was  while  living  with  Mr. 
Reed  that  he  underwent  a  change 
in  his  mind,  and  obtained  the  for- 
giveness of  his  sins.  He  says, 
"  The  first  sermon  I  remember  any 
thing  about,  was  preached  by  a 
Mr.  Herrick.  The  subject  was 
'  the  danger  of  hypocrisy  in  the 
formation  of  religious  character.' 
Till  then,  all  preaching  was  alike 
with  me.  Not  long  after  this,  in 
a  time  of  revival  of  religion,  I  first 
felt  the  joy  of  believing  in  Jesus. 
I  was  then  about  twelve  years  old. 
What  joy,  what  peace,  what  fresh- 
ness of  feeling  I  then  felt,  it  is  im- 
possible for  me  to  describe  !  Five 
or  six  of  us  used  to  hold  a  prayer 
meeting  by  ourselves,  none  of  us 
more  than  fourteen  years  of  age. 
One  night  we  made  a  boy — a  par- 
ticular friend  of  mine — a  subject 
of  special  prayer ;  soon  after,  he 
was  converted,  and   I  have  ever 


felt  it  was  in  answer  to  our  prayers 
that  night,  that  God  converted 
him.''  After  some  time,  he  joined 
the  Presbj'terian  church,  to  which 
Mr.  Reed  belonged.  He  knew  of 
no  other,  except  the  Baptists,  who 
had  just  organized  a  church  in  that 
place,  and  owing  to  misrepresenta- 
tions made  of  them,  he  had  his  mind 
exceedingly  prejudiced  against 
them,  and  supposed  them  to  be  a 
set  of  wicked  wretches. 

When  he  was  fourteen  years  old, 
Orson  was  taken  to  his  brothers,  in 
Whiting,  Vt.,  to  learn  the  saddling 
and  harness  making  business.  "  I 
soon  became  changed — I  lost  my 
j  religious  feelings,  and  wandered 
jin  the  dark.  At  that  time,  none 
of  my  brothers  were  pious.  I  had 
none  to  advise  me  and  lead  me 
along  by  the  hand."  During  the 
time  he  remained  with  them,  there 
was  a  revival  of  religion,  and  he 
was  reclaimed  and  joined  the  Bap- 
tist church.  He  was  baptized  by 
Rev.  Isaac  Wescott,  Nov.  13,  1831. 

About  this  time  he  began  to 
think  of  preparing  to  be  a  preacher 
of  the  gospel.  In  the  spring  of 
1834,  he  entered  the  Institution  in 
Brandon,  Vt.  It  was  in  the 
autumn  of  the  succeeding  year, 
that  the  writer  first  formed  an  ac- 
quaintance with  him  in  that  Insti- 
tution. Here,  in  a  preparation  for 
college,  he  pursued  his  studies 
with  commendable  diligence,  giv- 
ing evidence  of  genius  and  talent. 
Being  measurably  dependant  on 
his  own  resources,  he  taught  school 
during  winters.  He  gained  the 
respect  and  confidence  of  his  class- 
mates and  fellow-students.  We 
met  him  in  the  house  of  God  and 
in  the  praying  circle,  as  well  as  at 
the  table  and  the  recitation  room. 
Those  were  happy  days,  on  which 


Fo 


CYCLOPAEDIA. 


Fo 


281 


the  memory  loves  to  linger.  But 
a  new  era  now  opens  before  us.  In 
the  fall  ol'  1S36,  he  entered  Middle- 
bury  College.  When  a  young  man 
enters  college,  how  little  he  realizes  j 
the  great  change  for  good  or  evil  to 
which  he  will  be  subject  during 
his  four  years  durance?  He  may! 
not  only  increase  in  liuinan  know-] 
ledge,  but  grow  in  piety,  and ! 
strengthen  his  moral  as  well  as  in- 
tellectual powers  ;  or  he  may  waste 
his  time  in  frivolous  pursuits,  and 
graduate  with  an  uncultivated 
mind  and  a  hardened  heart.  Alas  I 
how  manj-  who  give  evidence  of 
piety  when  they  enter,  and  exhibit 
pleasing  prospects  of  usefulness, 
become  worldly  and  skeptical,  and 
bring  down  the  gray  hairs  of  parents 
in  sorrow  to  the  grave  !  Expecta- 
tions blighted,  relatives  disappoint- 
ed, and  benevolent  friends  sadden- 
ed, by  the  fall  of  those  whom  they 
have  assisted,  and  to  whom  they 
have  looked  as  the  hope  and  pro- 
mise of  the  church  of  God.  Many 
a  bitter  tale  of  such  declension  in 
religion,  while  in  college,  might  be 
exhibited.  At  such  a  season  the 
judgment  is  immature,  the  passions 
impetuous,  literary  ambition  almost 
■boundless,  pleasures  of  company 
fascinating,  temptations  to  hishion 
and  dissipation  almost  resistless. 
These,  together  with  the  daily  in- 
fluence of  skeptical  classmates,  the 
low  state  of  religion  among  the  mass, 
the  enervating  influence  of  seden- 
tary habits,  the  corrupting  tenden- 
cies of  heathen  mythology,  and  the 
fashionable  opinion  of  delaying  the 
cultivation  of  the  heart  until  after 
the  college  course  is  finished,  all 
combine  to  allure  pious  youth  de- 
signed forthe  ministry,  from  the  path 
of  holiness  and  inflexible  right,  to  the 
open  thoroughfare  of  sensuality,  self- 


ishness, and  infidelity.  We  would 
say  to  every  young  man,  "  A  col- 
lege is  a  difficult  place  to  maintain 
a  life  of  consistent  piety  and  fer- 
vent devotion ;  and  you  cannot 
succeed  unless  you  fortify  your 
mind  against  temptation,  are  punc- 
tilious in  the  discharge  of  your  du- 
ties, and  rigid  in  your  habits  of 
devotion."  Mr.  Foster's  piety  evi- 
dently suffered  a  loss  while  in  col- 
lege, as  he  seemed  to  be  conscious 
by  some  remarks  found  in  his 
'  Scrap-book.'  We  do  not  find  that 
frequent  mention  of  his  spiritual 
exercises,  and  progress  in  piety, 
which  we  could  wish.  We  do  not 
mean,  he  did  not  enjoy  any  re- 
ligion, far  from  it.  He  did  as  well, 
and  perhaps  better,  than  a  majority 
of  religious  students.  His  natural 
buoyancy  of  spirit,  his  strong  love 
of  friendship,  which  did  not  lead 
him.  always,  to  select  the  most 
pious,  as  friends,  and  other  traits 
of  character  which  I  need  not  men- 
tion, and  the  influence  of  impeni- 
tent students,  will  sufficiently  ac- 
count for  the  want  of  that  delight- 
ful advancement  in  holiness,  which 
some  did  make,  notwithstanding, — 
without  supposing  our  dear  depart- 
ed friend,  specially  guilty. 

As  a  student,  he  stood  fair,  and 
was  regarded  as  a  respectable 
scholar.  He  won  the  esteem  and 
affection  of  his  fellow  students  and 
teachers.  It  is  evident  he  preferred 
the  Languages  to  Mathematics, 
and  the  Natural  Sciences  and 
Belles-Lettres  to  either.  In  some  por- 
tions of  the  last,  such  as  poetry 
and  descriptive  prose,  he  excelled. 

As  a  correspondent  he  was  alto- 
gether superior.  Possessing  an  easy 
and  graceful  style — a  good  show 
of  wit  and  pleasantry — a  lively 
fancy    and    great     flexibility    of 


282 


Fo 


HAYNES'  BAPTIST 


Fo 


thought  and  manner.  The  most 
sudden  transitions  from  gay  to 
grave,  and  from  the  sublime  to  the 
ludicrous  are  perceptible  in  his 
writings  and  correspondence.  In  a 
letter  to  us,  while  teaching,  under 
date  of  November  11,  1837,  after 
an  amusing  description  of  his 
school,  and  other  thing.>,  which 
would  provoke  the  laughter  of  any 
one,  he  proceeds  :  "  You  speak  of 
the  duty  of  prayer — it  is  a  duty 
which  cannot  be  too  faithfully  per- 
formed, which  the  christian  cannot 
too  well  appreciate,  and  without 
which  he  cannot  live  in  the  enjoy- 
ment of  religion.  It  is  the  refresh- 
ment which  the  weary  traveller 
towards  the  home  of  the  blessed, 
may  feast  upon,  and  have  his 
strength  renewed,  and  his  hopes 
brightened.  He  who  is  weary  upon 
the  desert  loves  the  green  verdure, 
that  surrounds  the  springs  where 
the  travellers  rest,  so  he  who  en- 
joys prayer  in  this  world  of  sin  and 
sorrow,  may  have  the  same  refresh- 
ments which  those  beyond  the  in- 
fluence of  pain  and  death  enjoy. 
He  who  has  not  poured  out  his 
whole  soul  in  the  secret  silence  of 
retirement  before  his  Maker,  has 
not  felt  the  most  delicious  bliss 
that  can  come  to  man  this  side  the 
unrevealed  darkness  that  rests  upon 
the  silent  grave, — that  of  a  pure 
and  innocent  spirit  justified  before 
its  Creator."  He  read  considerable ! 
in  college  and  took  sonre  notes.  A; 
a  specimen  of  his  line  taste  and  in- 
tellectual gustus,  take  the  follow 
ing — "I  tiave  just  been  reading 
'  Tour  on  the  Prairies,'  by  W.  Irv- 
ing. 'Tis  an  elegant  thing,  full  of 
interesting  incidents  and  lively 
episodes.  It  bespeaks  a  master 
workman  as  the  author — one  of 
nature's  nobles.     His  gasconading 


little  Frenchman  is  admirably  de- 
scribed— a  real  braggadocia.  Whilst 
the  higher  and  nobler  qualities  of 
tiie  half  breed  Beatte  are  as  finely 
delineated  as  the  most  sapient 
critic  could  wish.  Irving,  like  the 
wild  horse  of  the  prairie  he  de- 
scribes, moves  with  a  graceful  mag- 
nificence that  none  can  equal.  The 
downfall  of  '  the  Bee  Republic,'  and 
'  the  Prairie-dog  Community,'  are 
described  in  such  a  simple  bewitch- 
ing manner,  that  you  almost  think 
the  wand  of  the  conjurer  holds  you 
under  its  mystic  influence." 

During  the  autumn  of  1838,  he 
was  sick  nigh  unto  death  for  some 
weeks.  After  this  we  think  we 
discover  a  gradual  improvement  in 
piety. 

Nov.  5,  1838,  "Re.solved,  that 
every  day  during  the  remainder  of 
my  life,  I  will  read  at  least  one 
chapter  of  the  Holy  Scriptures,  un- 
less sickness  prevent,  or  I  am  in 
circumstances  that  I  cannot  obtain 
them.  And  Resolved  2d,  that  I 
will  strive  to  govern  my  life  and 
conduct  according  to  the  principles 
therein  contained,  God  being  my 
helper." 

Nov.  11.  "During  the  last  week  I 
have  been  reading  Foster's  '  Essay 
on  a  man's  writing  memoirs  of 
himself.'  He  makes  some  good 
remarks  upon  the  subject  of  self- 
examination.  A  man  should  hab- 
ituate himself  to  look  into  his  own 
heart,  and  watch  his  moral  pro- 
gress along  through  life.  For  IiLs 
own  use,  every  man  might  well 
write  his  own  memoir ;  and  such 
memoirs  should  rather  be  of  what 
passes  within  than  of  external  cir- 
cumstances. Thus  a  person  would 
become  better  acquainted  with  his 
own  heart,  and  better  fitted  to 
judge  of  his  moral  condition." 


Fo 


CYCLOPEDIA. 


Fo 


283 


August  13,  1840.  We  find  the 
last  pencillings  while  in  college, 
"  My  college  life  is  through.  My 
Alma  Mater,  I  bid  thee  ilirewell. 
The  world  is  before  me,  and  I  am 
about  to  go  out  and  try  its  busy 
scenes.  I  am  no  longer  to  be  shut 
up  in  the  walls  of  a  college,  and 
yet,  I  feel  sad  at  the  thought  of 
leaving  my  class-mates,  and  sever- 
ing all  the  ties  that  have  bound 
me  here. 

"  What  success  am  I  to  meet 
with  on  the  great  arena  of  life  ? 
Shall  my  path  be  smooth,  my  way 
pleasant;  or  must  I  journey  through 
deserts  and  wildernesses  ?  Shall 
I  meet  with  friends,  or  must  my 
course  be  cheerless  and  solitary  ? 
Shall  my  life  be  spent  in  laboring 
for  the  good  of  my  I'ellow  men,  or 
shall  self  be  the  god  of  my  adora- 
tion ?  O,  what  does  the  dark  urn 
of  destiny  contain  for  me  ? 

"  But  man  is  the  architect  of  his 
own  fortune.  He  is  not  the  help- 
less child  of  destiny.  Let  the  star 
of  the  future  then  shine  brightly 
on  my  path.  If  success  be  the  re- 
ward of  persevering  and  untiring 
action,  it  shall  be  mine  to  be  suc- 
cessful. But  action  must  be  di- 
rected by  high  aims,  by  stern  re- 
solves, and  virtuous  principles. 

"Oh  may  that  Great  Being 
who  rules  the  earth  and  all  earthly 
things,  guide  me  along  the  way  of 
life.  If  prosperity  be  my  lot,  may 
I  bless  His  great  name.  But  if 
adversity  shall  be  my  portion,  O 
may  I  not  repine.  Thou,  O  God, 
art  my  strength,  I  will  trust  thee. 
Be  thou  the  light  of  my  way,  and 
a  lamp  to  guide  my  wandering! 
steps.  Amid  all  the  cares  of  life  ^ 
preserve  me  from  the  bewitching 
snares  of  the  world,  and  may  1 
never  give  to  the  creature  of  earth  [ 


that  supreme  affection  which  be- 
longs to  thee,  O  God  !  To  thee 
belong  power,  and  honor,  and  glory. 
In  thee  is  every  perfection,  and 
every  adorable  attribute.  Thou 
art  high  and  holy,  and  yet  dost 
condescend  to  care  for  worms  of 
the  dust.  Hear  then  my  prayer, 
and  graciously  bless,  and  I  will 
praise  thee  everniore.     Amen." 

As  might  be  expected  about  this 
time,  his  soul  expanded  with  noble 
aspirations,  and  he  indulged  in 
high  hopes  of  the  future.  His  class 
assigned  him  as  a  commencement 
exercise,  the  Poem.  He  selected 
as  the  theme  of  his  Muse;  "  The 
Burial  of  the  Prophet."  It  is  a 
vivid  description  of  the  character 
and  sufferings,  and  unknown  burial 
of  the  Prophet  Moses,  interspersed 
with  lively  episodes. 

We  find  in  his  journal  a  pleas- 
ing instance  of  the  playfulness  of 
his  fancy,  in  his  farewell  to  his  na- 
tive State,  and  his  personification 
of,  and  apostrophe  to,  the  Green 
Mountains. 

We  now  enter  upon  the  last  Act 
of  his  life's  drama.  He  proceeded 
to  Newton,  Mass.,  in  October,  1840, 
to  commence  his  theological  studies. 
The  next  writing  found  in  his 
diary,  is  the  following,  under  date 
of  Oct.  26,  1841.  "And  this  then 
is  a  record  of  my  boyish  feelings  ! 
About  five  years  since  I  commenc- 
ed this  book,  (journal)  just  after  I 

entered  college What  is 

there  of  me  now,  in  common  with 
me  of  1836  ?  In  looking  back  up- 
on the  past,  one  thing  especially 
have  I  to  regret,  that  religion  has 
had  so  little  influence  on  my  con- 
duct and  feelings — I  have  robbed 
God  of  my  affections,  and  bestowed 
them  on  myself — I  have  neglected 
relijrious  duties  and  foro^otten  what 


was  necessary  to  grow  in  grace, 
&c.  Since  1  began  this  book,  my 
character  has  in  a  great  measure 
been  ibrmed — my  character  for 
eternity.  What  a  thought !  that 
on  a  few  years,  so  unimportant  to 
appearance,  depends  our  eternal 
character." 

We  find  no  notice  of  his  first  ef- 
forts to  preacli.  But  in  November, 
1841,  he  had  an  invitation  to  settle 
in  Pittsford,  Vt.,  which  he  de- 
clined. 

Nov.  11,  1841.  "  I  have  thought 
considerably,  recently  upon  the  sub- 
ject of  prayer,  and  the  readiness  of 
God  to  hear  prayer,  and  his  promi- 
ses to  answer  those  who  call  upon 
him."  He  also  speaks  of  delight- 
ful progress  in  studies,  of  much 
respect  and  love  for  his  teachers. 
Of  one  he  says,  "  He  is  the  least 
objectionable  man  I  ever  had  for 
an  instructor.  I  never  heard  a 
student  find  fault  with  him,  or 
complain  of  him  in  the  least." 

Dec.  20.  "  Have  I  piety  such  as 
I  ought  to  have  to  preach !  O  Lord, 
give  me  grace  as  thou  seest  I  need. 
Slay  I  feel  my  weakness,  and  put 
my  trust  in  thee  !" 

In  Janury,  1842,  we  find  him 
preparing  to  leave  for  Mississippi, 
to  engage  in  teaching.  "  So  then, 
I  am  to  bid  good-bye  to  Newton — 
to  this  Hill  where  I  have  spent  so 
many  happy,  and  I  trust,  profitable 
hours.  How  many  fond  recollec- 
tions cluster  around  this  sacred  spot! 
How  many  associations  have  I  form- 
ed which  are  most  dear  to  me !  Here 
have  I  enjoyed  myself — enjoyed 
religion — iny  God,  and  I  hope  that 
here  I  have  grown  better."  He 
sailed  for  New  Orleans  on  board 
the  St.  Louis,  Jan.  20.  He  speaks 
of  sea  sickness,  storms,  and  calms, 
— complains  of  a  want  of  religious 


associates, — profanity,  disregarding 
the  sabbath,  &c.,  and  after  a  long 
and  tiresome  voyage,  he  arrived 
safely,  and  commenced  his  duties 
as  teacher  in  the  Judson  Institute, 
Middleton,Miss.  For  reasons  which 
will  be  obvious  to  most  of  our 
readers,  we  pass  over  the  time  spent 
at  tlie  South,  and  find  our  friend 
returning  in  the  Spring  of  1843,  by 
way  of  Cincinnati  and  Philadel- 
phia, and  once  more  resuming  his 
studies  in  Newton,  for  which  he 
often  expresses  an  intense  desire 
during  his  absence.  Yet,  he  often 
makes  honorable  mention  of  many 
of  his  acquaintances,  and  of  the 
families  with  whom  he  boarded. 
Who  can  read  the  following,  writ- 
ten soon  after  his  return,  without 
deep  emotion ?  "I  sometimes  think 
I  am  not  fit  for  a  minister  of  the 
gospel,  and  ought  not  to  try  it. 
What  shall  I  do  ?  When  I  try  to 
preach  I  often  get  discouraged,  and 
feel  like  giving  it  up,  and  going 
off  to  some  place  where  I  can  hide 
myself  for  ever  from  the  sight  of  all 
whom  I  have  ever  known.  All  the 
way  through  life  it  is  struggling 
up  hill, — I  see  no  place  of  rest, 
none  where  anxiety  and  care  will 
not  come."  How  true !  the  world 
is  full  of  sharp  thorns,  and  we  can- 
not move  without  being  pricked 
by  them.  But  there  is  an  end  to 
life's  thorny  path — there  is  a  goal 
to  the  race,  and  an  immortal  crown 
there.  Well  may  we  toil  and 
struggle  on,  since  we  shall  so  soon 
enter  upon  that  "  rest  which  re- 
maineth  for  the  people  of  God." 
But  really,  we  have  here  a  view 
of  the  "  inner  man,"  which  is  by 
no  means  discreditable  to  him. 
Who  of  us,  have  not  been  exercis- 
ed with  similar  despondency,  at 
some  periods  of  our  life  ?    May  not 


Fo 


OYCLOP^DIA. 


Fo 


285 


this  despnir  of  ourselves,  be  neces-  did  so,  and  spent  several  weeks 
sary,  to  cast  ourselves  upon  the  i  with  them.  He  had  many  friends 
Lord  in  such  a  manner  as  to  secure  there,  and  I  am  intbrnied,  they 
requisite  aid  ?  Our  friend  is  now  [  would  have  been  glad  to  settle 
passing  through  a  process  of  moral  him,  but  he  preferred,  if  possible, 
training  which  is  indispensably  to  finish  his  studies, 
necessary  for  a  young  minister.!  In  February,  1844,  he  says,  "For 
We  find  more  thorough  brokenness  the  last  ten  days  have  had  a  sore 


of  heart — a  deeper  experience,  and 
a  more  keen  and  crushing  sense  of 
responsibility  in  view  of  the  min- 
istry. 

May   7 
four  days 


throat.  It  has  bled  more  or  less 
for  a  week,  but  is  now  getting  bet- 
ter. I  exercised  it  too  violently  in 
jMurdock's  exercises  I  suppose. 
1843.  "For  three  or  i  This  afternoon  have  been  alone  in 
I  have   enjoyed  my  re-  my  room.      Oh  that  in   such   sea- 


ligious  feelings  unusually  well — it  sons  1  might  hold  sweeter  commun- 
has  seemed  an  easier  and  more  de-,ion  with  God,  and  enjoy  more  of 
lightful  occupation,  to  be  engaged '  his  presence  !  I  must  make  more 
in  the  gospel  ministry,  than  I  have}  of  a  practical  application  of  religion 
been    accustomed    to    view   it.      I  to  my  heart." 


have  endeavored  to  form  more  ex- 
alted aims,  and  to  strive  after 
greater  degrees  of  purity  of  heart, 
— of  unity  of  purpose,  and  entire 
devotion  to  God.  There  are  cer- 
tain things  in  reference  to  which  I 
must  use  more  self-denial,  and  act 
more  like   a   soldier.     I  must  en- 


In  April  we  find  him  unable  to 
study,  at  home  with  his  brother  in 
Whiting.  He  labors  some  on  the 
farm,  and  speaks  of  himself  as  be- 
ing greatly  recovered  in  health. 
But  alas!  it  was  a  delusion  of  that 
nrost  flattering  disease,  the  con- 
sumption.   How  it  fastens  its  slen- 


deavor  to  have  a  more  complete  der  but  fatal  fangs  upon  the  human 
trust  in  God — a  more  child-like  |  system,  and  deceives  the  victim 
and  simple  faith.  My  shrinking!  with  fair  prospects,  until  lured  on 
back  and  dread  of  working  in  the  I  by  false  promises,  syren-like,  in  the 
Lord's  vineyard,   have    arisen    too  height  of  anticipated  recovery,  he 


much  from  real  apathy  of  heart. 
A  desire  for  the  salvation  of  souls, 
has  never  rested  on  me,  with  all 
that  awful  and  tremendous  weight 
with  which  it  would  have  done, 
had  1  maintained  a  sufficiently 
high  state  of  piety.  Purge  me, 
wash  me,  and  make  me  clean,  O 


unobtrusively  falls  into  the  arms 
of  death.  Thus  the  subject  of  this 
memoir  was  deceived,  being  alter- 
nately better  and  worse. — "  Have 
become  able  to  draw  a  full  long 
breath  now  and  not  hurt  me,  or 
uiake  me  cough.  Last  week  by  vio- 
lent exertion  I  started  the  blood  a 
very  little  again,  but  it  did  not  put 
~  shall 


God." 

Soon  after  this,  he  complains  of  j  me  back  much.  Think  I 
a  sore  throat  which  troubled  him  soon  be  able  to  preach." 
much.  Preaching  occasionally.  About  this  time  he  walked  to 
made  it  worse.  He  now  received  Moriah  and  back,  which  seemed  to 
an  invitation  from  the  church  in  have  injured  him.  "Came  to 
Windham,  Vt.,  to  come  and  visit  Hinesburgh  to  spend  a  few  weeks 
them.     After    the    anniversary  he  with    the    church,    as    a    supply. 


286 


Fo 


HAYNES'  BAPTIST 


Fo 


Preached  once ;  was  worse ;  hast- 
ened home  again."  This  was  his 
last  visit  in  his  native  town.  In 
June  he  says,  "  My  case  is  getting 
to  be  rather  bad ;  feel  a  good  many 
of  the  symptoms  of  incipient  con- 
sumption. God's  will  be  done. 
Amen."  He  soon  after  returned  to 
Newton,  and  grcwluated  with  the 
class.  He  now  felt  compelled  to 
go  south  again  for  his  health,  and 
soon  engaged  as  an  agent  of  the 
Am.  Tract  Society.  "O  Lord,  give 
me  love  to  thee,  and  a  devotion  to 
thy  cause,  and  if  it  can  be  consist- 
ent with  thy  will,  may  I  be  en- 
dowed with  the  ability  to  do  much 
in  thy  name,  for  the  good  of  my 
fellow  men."  This  is  his  last  no- 
tice in  the  diary  before  me.  What- 
ever else  he  wrote  I  know  not.  He 
proceeded  to  Alabama  in  Septem- 
ber last,  and  from  that  time  until 
March,  when  he  died,  we  know 
nothing  of  him,  except  what  we 
gather  from  his  friends.  We  sup- 
pose he  continued  to  fail  gradually 
until  he  died.  We  are  informed 
there  was  a  constantly  increasing 
spirituality  and  heavenly  ininded- 
ness  apparent  in  his  conversation 
and  letters.  After  about  two  months 
he  was  obliged  to  give  up  his  agen- 
cy, and  prepare  to  die.  He  longed 
to  live  to  do  good,  and  said,  "No 
one  knows  how  anxious  I  feel  to 
preach  the  gospel  of  our  Lord.  I 
desire  that  I  may  be  entirely  re- 
conciled to  God's  will  in  all  things." 
His  last  home  was  with  Rev.  H.  A. 
Smith,  near  Claiborne,  Ala.  Mr. 
S.  says,  "  The  liour  of  death  to  him 
had  no  bitterness.  He  contemplat- 
ed its  near  approach  with  perfect 
composure.  He  spoke  of  laying 
himself  down  to  his  last  rest  as 
though  it  were  but  a  night's  rest. 
By  him  the  king  of  terror  was  wel- 


comed as  an  angel  of  mercy,  and 
as  he  drew  near  the  closing  scene 
his  hopes  of  heaven  grew  brighter,, 
and  his  hold  on  God's  promises 
waxed  stronger." 

Rev.  Mr.  McGlashen,  writing  to 
the  Secretaries  of  the  Tract  Society, 
says,  "  On  Monday  previous  to  his 
death  he  walked  out,  and  with 
composure  and  apparent  pleasure 
selected  a  spot  where  he  wished 
his  remains  to  be  deposited,  after 
which  he  failed  very  rapidly,  but 
his  mind  was  calm  and  placid,  and 
he  '  feared  no  evil,'  while  passing 
through  the  dark  valley.  His  sheet 
anchor  was  cast  in  heaven,  and  he 
died  in  the  triumph  of  faith. 

"  His  christian  taithfulness  endear- 
ed him  to  many  a  heart  which  is 
now  left  to  bleed  because  the  good 
man  is  taken  away.  I  called  on 
one  family  that  choked  with  weep- 
ing when  they  attempted  to  speak 
of  his  friendship  and  heavenly 
mindedness.  He  commenced  a 
great  and  good  work,  but  he  is 
taken  away,  and  where  is  the  man 
upon  whom  the  mantle  of  the  young 
Elijah  will  fall." 

"  O  what  glorious  views  I  have 
had  of  Christ.  How  easy  it  is  to 
die.  I  had  rather  go  and  serve 
God  in  his  upper  kingdom,"  were 
the  words  with  which  he  consoled 
his  sympathizing  friends,  who 
thought  to  soften  his  dying  pillow. 
To  a  dear  friend  with  whom  he 
had  anticipated  connecting  him- 
self by  marriage,  he  writes,  "  With 
calm  and  christian  resignation  I 
lie  down  to  die ;  with  calm  and 
christian  resignation  may  you  be 
prepared  to  live." 

"  Sure  the  last  end 
Of  the  good  mun  is  peace;  how  calm  his  exit  1 
Night  (lews  fall  not  more  gently  to  the  ground, 
Nor  weary,  worn  out  winds  expire  so  soft." 

Indulge  us  with  a  few  remarks 


Fo 


CYCLOPEDIA. 


Fo 


287 


respecting  his  character.  As  a 
preacher  we  can  say  but  little  of 
Mr.  F.  From  a  few  skeletons  of 
sermons  found  in  his  diary,  his 
great  command  of  language,  his 
love  of  the  tender,  pathetic  and 
sublime,  his  acquisitions  and  men- 
tal cultivation,  soundness  in  the 
faith,  as  well  as  his  piety  during 
his  latter  course,  we  are  confident 
he  was  capable  of  writing  good 
sermons,  even  if  the  feebleness  of 
his  voice,  and  sometimes  a  want 
of  perfect  self-control,  had  prevent- 
ed his  being  a  good  orator.  We 
are  not  certain  but  we  do  him  in- 
justice by  this  last  remark:  those 
who  have  heard  him  can  better 
judge. 

He  was  in  fact  a  young  man  ot 
brilliant  talents,  and  promising 
usefulness.  He  did  not  indeed  ex- 
cel in  everything.  Every  man  has 
his  forte. — Mr.  F.  had  his;  it  was 
the  power  of  description.  With  this 
power  of  description  there  was  not 
unfrequently  blended  a  liberal  por- 
tion of  the  ludicrous  and  sportive. 
We  challenge  even  the  most  de- 
mure and  imperturbable  to  read  his 
descriptions  and  not  be  irresistibly 
provoked  to  merriment. 

He  possessed  great  elasticity  of 
mind.  He  could  rise  or  fall  with 
ease  through  the  whole  octave  of 
mental  tones.  The  pendulum  of 
his  mind  was  usually  describing 
an  arc,  from  the  gravest  to  the 
gayest,  from  the  most  facetious  to 
the  most  solemn.  And  these  not 
ixnfrequently  are  found  in  such 
close  proximity,  as  almost  seem  to 
be  irreverent.  Indeed,  when  we 
knew  him,  he  was  too  much  in- 
clined to  be  excessively  cheerful  or 
depressed  in  spirits.  We  do  not 
mean  he  was  not  governed  by  prin- 
ciple, but  he  had  not  that  mastery 


over  his  emotions,  which  is  desira- 
ble. He  knew  it  himself.  Pro- 
priety forbids  us  to  give  specimens. 

As  a  poet  he  was  of  no  mean 
rank.  Some  of  his  pieces  exhibit 
not  only  flowing  verse  and  measur- 
ed rhyme,  but  power,  pathos, 
beauty,  sweetness,  imagery,  and 
pictures  true  to  nature.  He  was 
familiar  with  the  classics,  and  his 
pieces  abound  in  classic  allusions 
— sometimes  exhibting  one  injuri- 
ous tendency  of  the  study  of  them 
— a  too  frequent  reference  to  an- 
cient mythology,  and  in  such  a  coa- 
nexion  as  almost  seems  to  be  i)r  >- 
fane. 

He  had  considerable  self-know- 
ledge. At  one  time  he  says,  "  O 
Lord,  I  am  a  fool,  and  my  heart  is 
filled  with  folly.  I  cannot  control 
my  feelings,  nor  guide  my  steps." 
He  saw  into  the  motives  and  hid- 
den springs  of  action.  He  could 
easily  dissect  character.  Sometimes 
he  indulged  his  criticisms  too  far, 
and  became  a  little  morose  and 
misanthropic.  At  one  time,  on 
being  disgusted  with  the  petty 
meanness  of  some  persons,  after  in- 
dulging pretty  freely  in  complaints, 
he  says,  "  I  never  knew  an  honest 
man  yet."  His  judgment  was 
good.  He  loved  to  commune  with 
nature ;  he  marked  the  earth,  the 
seasons,  the  green  spring,  the  yel- 
low autumn,  the  heavens,  the  stars. 
At  such  tinres  his  mind  soared,  his 
affections  expanded,  and  he  looked 

"  Through  nature  up  fo  nature's  God  " 

System  entered  into  all  his  plans 
and  arrangements.  Besides  keep- 
ing a  journal,  we  find  a  "Synopsis 
of  Sermons,  and  Biblical  informa- 
tion and  Theology,  Plans  of  Ser- 
mons criticised  by  the  Class  and 
the  Professor." 


288 


Fo 


HAYNES'  BAPTIST 


Fo 


Nature,  who  is  not  so  prodigal 
as  to  bestow  all  her  gilts  upon  any 
one  person,  had  given  him  a  pleas- 
ing rather  than  a  jrrofouml  order 
of  talents.  If  he  lacked  the  depth 
of  some,  he  had  a  greater  variety 
than  many.  His  mind  was  of  the 
contemplative  cast.  He  was  very 
sensitive  in  his  feelings,  and  at  the 
same  time  independent.  If  he 
could  obtain  the  good  opinion  of 
others  by  a  consistent  course,  he 
would  receive  it  gladly;  if  not,  he 
would  not  be  likely  to  take  any 
special  pains  to  insure  it.  He 
would  make  no  very  great  advances 
to  gain  the  favor  of  others ;  like  all 
of  us,  if  his  regards  to  others  were 
reciprocated,  he  was  pleased ;  if 
not,  it  did  not  trouble  him  much, 
although  he  might  at  times  exhibit 
a  little  acidity  ol  spirit.  Let  it  not 
be  supposed  he  indulged  in  moodi- 
ness. On  the  contrary,  he  had  a 
good  share  of  the  "jeu  d'  esprit" 
and  "  vivant."  There  are  some 
things  in  his  letters  and  fugitive 
pencillings  which  his  best  friends 
could  wish  were  not  written.  We 
make  this  remark,  not  to  intimate 
that  there  is  anything  flagrantly 
wrong,  but  to  caution  young  men 
to  be  careful  what  they  write  in 
scrap-books,  albums  and  letters — 
they  know  not  who  will  read  them. 

"  Though  of  exact  perfection  we  despair, 
Yet  every  step  to  virtue  's  worth  our  care." 

He  was  one  of  those  whose  hap- 
piness consists  in  anticipation  more 
than  in  participation.  Without 
settling  any  controverted  point,  we 
think  it  a  bad  habit  to  form,  to  be 
always  getting  ready  to  be  happy, 
and  not  really  making  ourselves 
happy  in  whatever  circumstances 
we  may  be  jjlaced.  Such  a  person 
is  always  in  pursuit  of  what  he 


rarely  obtains, 
worldly  good  ! 


How  true  of   all 


"  That  like  the  circle  bounding  earth  and  skies, 
Alhires  from  far,  yet  as  we  follow,  flies." 

He  possessed  a  good  deal  of  ene)-- 
gy  of  character ;  "  Nil  desperan- 
dum"  was  his  motto.  On  this  he 
acted  through  his  whole  course  of 
.study. 

He  had  a  heart  of  tenderness, 
which  was  ready  to  sympathize 
with  others.  He  was  a  lover  of 
good  society ;  being  polite  and  ac- 
complished himself,  nothing  dis- 
gusted him  more  than  affectation, 
egotism,  or  an  assuming  spirit. 

If  he  valued  any  one  religious 
privilege  above  another,  it  was  the 
Sabbath — the  quiet,  still,  Neiv- 
England  Sabbath  !  We  have  been 
more  than  delighted,  almost  charm- 
ed, with  the  excellent  and  judicious 
remarks  on  it,  interspersed  through- 
out his  journal.  It  pained  him  to 
see  it  desecrated.  He  mourns  over 
the  want  of  it  during  his  passage 
South,  and  laments  the  loose  man- 
ner in  which  it  was  observed  in 
many  places  where  he  tarried. 

It  is  said  every  man  has  some 
"  reigning  passion."  So  we  have 
thought  every  man  had  some  reign- 
ing topic,  on  which  his  mind  dwelt 
with  intense  interest,  and  to  which 
it  naturally  recurs  when  not  em- 
ployed on  something  else,  which 
gleams  out  so  distinctly  from  all 
the  rest,  as  to  leave  a  shining  path 
throughout  the  course  of  one's  life. 
In  the  subject  of  this  sketch  it  was 
— Death.  We  find  it  in  the  com- 
positions of  his  school-boy  days ; 
throughout  his  entire  career  we  no- 
tice almost  prophetic  declarations 
respecting  his  early  departure — 
strong  premonitions  that  his  stay 
on  earth  was  short. 


It  is  a  source  of  great  satisfaction 
to  all  his  surviving  friends  and 
relatives  to  have  witnessed  in  all 
his  letters  and  deportment,  that 
rapid  growth  in  piety,  and  fitness 
for  a  heavenly  cliine  which  are 
observable  during  the  last  two 
years  of  his  earthly  pilgrimage. 
The  goodness  and  tender  mercy  of 
God  in  this  respect,  is  most  emi- 
nently calculated  to  soothe  the 
afflicted  sou!,  and  quiet  any  rising 
murmur  in  the  breast,  at  such  a 
keen  dispensation  of  God's  mys- 
terious providence.  There  is  some- 
thing repulsive  and  chilling  in  the 
thought  of  dying  alonr,  far  from 
one's  home  and  friends,  while  so 
many  would  have  coveted  the  sad 
privilege  of  assuaging  his  burning 
temples,  and  removing  the  clammy 
damp  of  death.  But  .so  it  is.  Our 
friend  found  it  easy  to  die,  for  an- 
gels beckoned  him  away  to  the 
presence  of  Jesus. 

The  writer  (and  no  doubt  he 
speaks  the  feelings  of  his  class- 
mates,) feels  personally  admonish- 
ed to  renew  his  zeal  and  redouble 
his  energies  in  his  Master's  vine- 
yard, when  he  reflects  that  a  bright 
galaxy  of  youth — a  Huntington,  a 
Castle,  a  Ransom,  a  Hazletine  and 
a  Foster,  who  were  at  the  same 
time  members  of  college,  members 
of  the  Baptist  church,  and  candi- 
dates for  the  ministry,  have  since 
"  fallen  asleep."  We  have  perform- 
ed our  task,  we  have  fulfilled  the 
promise  made  to  the  deceased,  with 
too  little  seriousness,  and  which 
has  occurred  to  us  with  fresh  inter- 
est since  we  commenced,  that  in 
case  lie  died  first,  we  would  write 
his  obituary.  With  all  its  imper- 
fections, regretting  its  frequent  al- 
lusions to  ourself,  we  commend  it 
to  the  favor  of  Him  who  hath  "  de- 


termined the  bounds  of  our  habita- 
tion."    Rev.  A.  H.  Stowell. 

FOSTER,  John.  This  learned 
Baptist  Essayist  was  the  elder  son 
of  John  and  Ann  Foster,  and  was 
born,  in  1770,  at  a  place  called 
Wadsworth  Lanes,  in  the  parish  of 
Halifax,  Yorkshire,  England.  His 
father  was  a  strong-minded  man, 
and  so  addicted  to  reading  and 
meditation,  that  on  this  account  he 
deferred  involving  hinrself  in  the 
cares  of  a  family  till  upward  of 
forty.  His  acquaintance  with  theo- 
logical writers  was  extensive;  and 
in  the  absence  of  the  pastor  of  the 
church  of  which  he  was  a  member, 
he  was  often  called  upon  to  con- 
duct the  services  of  public  worship. 

Present  in  the  original  conven- 
tion by  which  the  British  and  Fo- 
reign Bible  Society  was  formed,  the 
elation  of  his  pious  joy  was  mani- 
fest to  all,  as  the  venerable  chris- 
tian conversed  upon  the  subject, 
and  indulged  in  the  bright  visions 
of  hope  in  reference  to  the  world 
he  was  leaving.  "  The  noblest 
motive  is  the  public  good,"  was  a 
favorite  sentiment,  and  eminently 
chai'acteristic  of  his  life.  At  the 
family  altar  he  almost  invariably 
made  particular  mention  of  his  son ; 
and  the  most  earnest  petition  in 
the  social  meetings  held  at  his 
house  was,  "  Lord  bless  the  lads" — 
including  his  son  and  a  companion, 
who  were  always,  present.  The 
mother  of  Foster  was  of  congenial 
tastes,  and  the  counterpart  to  her 
companion  in  soundness  of  under- 
standing, integrity,  and  piety. 

From  such  parents  John  Foster 
received  the  elements  of  his  social, 
intellectual,  and  moral  character. 
As  early  as  the  age  of  twelve  years, 
he  expresses  himself  as  having  had 
a  "  painful   sense  of  an  awkward 


but  entire  individuality."  Till  the 
age  of  fourteen  he  worked  at  spin- 
ging  wool  to  a  thread  by  the  hand- 
wheel ;  the  three  following  years 
at  weaving.  His  associates  and 
pursuits  were  invested  with  a  sick- 
ening vulgarity,  and  he  felt  thus 
early  a  presentiment  of  a  more  in- 
tellectual— a  nobler  destiny. 

At  the  age  of  seventeen  years  he 
made  a  public  profession  of  reli- 
gion ;  and  subsequently,  through 
the  advice  of  friends,  especially  his 
pastor,  Dr.  Fawcett,  and  in  accord- 
ance with  his  own  convictions,  he 
devoted  himself  to  the  christian 
ministry.  At  Brearly-Hall,  under 
the  tuition  of  Dr.  Fawcett,  he  com- 
menced classical  studies,  and  a 
more  systematic  course  of  mental 
cultivation,  in  connexion  with  a 
few  others,  among  whom  was  Wm. 
Ward,  the  illustrious  missionary. 
He  prosecuted  his  studies  with 
great  assiduity  in  conjunction  with 
his  accustomed  manual  occupa- 
tions, frequently  spending  whole 
nights  in  reading  and  meditation, 
and  generally  on  those  occasions 
his  favorite  resort  was  an  adjacent 
grove.  His  scholastic  exercises  were 
performed  with  great  labor  and 
slowly.  His  habits  were  frugal  and 
temperate  from  choice.  Referring 
to  these  in  later  life,  he  says :  "  I 
still  possess  what  may  be  called 
invariable  health ;  my  diet  con- 
tinues of  the  same  inexpensive 
kind ;  water  is  still  my  drink.  I  con- 
gratulate myself  often  on  the  superi- 
ority in  this  respect  which  I  shall 
possess,  in  a  season  of  difficulty, 
over  many  that  I  see.  I  could,  if 
necessary,  live  with  philosophic 
complacency  on  bread  and  water, 
on  herbs,  or  on  sour  milk  with  the 
Tartars." 

After    spending    three    years   at 


Brearly-Hall,  he  entered  the  Bap- 
tist College  at  Bristol,  and  was 
under  the  immediate  influence  of 
Mr.  Hughes,  the  founder  of  the 
British  and  Foreign  Bible  Society, 
a  man  of  genius  and  of  congenial 
spirit,  with  whom  a  lasting  inti- 
macy was  formed.  No  one,  per- 
haps, had  more  influence  over  Fos- 
ter, or  aided  more  his  first  essays  at 
authorship. 

Shortly  after  leaving  Bristol, 
May  26,  1792,  he  settled  at  New- 
castle-on-the-Tyne,  and  remained 
there  about  three  months. 

In  1793,  he  was  engaged  as  pas- 
tor of  the  Baptist  Church  in  Dub- 
lin ;  and  after  remaining  there  in 
that  relation  eight  or  nine  months, 
and  as  much  longer  a.s  teacher  in 
a  classical  school,  he  became  quite 
unsettled  in  his  plans.  His  recluse 
habits  and  peculiar  style  of  preach- 
ing, the  unconfirmed  state  of  his 
own  mind,  and  his  loose  opinion 
respecting  church  organization, 
conspired  to  restrict  his  popularity 
and  prevent  his  being  called  to  eli- 
gible places.  In  reference  to  the 
disappointments  of  this  period,  and 
the  uncertainties  of  his  future 
course,  he  exclaims  :  "  'Tis  thus  I 
am  for  ever  repelled  from  every 
point  of  religious  confraternity,  and 
doomed,  still  doomed,  a  melancholy 
monad,  a  weeping  solitaire.  Oh, 
world  !  how  from  thy  every  quarter 
blows  a  gale,  wintry,  cold,  and 
bleak,  to  the  heart  that  would  ex- 
pand !" 

He  devoted  himself  casually  to 
literary  pursuits,  until,  in  1797,  he 
resumed  the  pastoral  relation  at 
Chichester.  After  ministering  to 
that  church  about  two  and  a  half 
years,  in  1800  he  removed  to  Down- 
end,  five  miles  from  Bristol  ;  and 
thence,  after  a  settlement  of  four 


Fo 


CYCLOP.^DIA. 


Fo 


291 


years,  throno^h  the  recomTnendation 
of  Robert  Hall,  he  was  invited  to 
become  pastorof  the  Baptist  Church 
at  Froine.  It  was  there,  in  1805, 
in  the  thirty-fiith  year  of  liis  age, 
that  his  essays  made  their  appear- 
ance, which,  after  several  revisions 
through  successive  editions,  have 
taken  rank  with  the  most  profound 
works  of  E  nglish  classical  literature, 
passed  through  many  editions  on 
both  sides  of  the  water,  and  are  still 
extending  their  circulation. 

His  ministry  having  been  sus- 
pended on  account  of  a  serious  dif- 
ficulty affecting  his  throat,  in  1807 
he  became  connected  with  the 
Eclectic  Review,  a  periodical  of  the 
highest  order,  originated  upon  a 
compromise  between  Low-church- 
men and  Dissenters,  but  subsequent- 
ly, chief!)'  through  Mr.  Foster's  in- 
fluence, diverted  from  its  imprac- 
ticable position,  and  made  the  organ 
of  the  Dissenters.  After  the  re- 
moval of  that  difficulty,  he  con- 
tinued for  many  years  in  that  con- 
nexion, acting  in  the  twofold  char- 
acter of  reviewer  and  evangelist, 
and  never  again  entered  upon  the 
pastoral  relation,  except  after  an 
interval  of  many  years,  in  1S17,  for 
a  very  short  time  at  Down-end. 
where  he  had  before  been  settled. 
He,  however,  continued  to  preach 
as  an  evangelist  in  destitute  locali- 
ties, when  his  health  would  permit, 
once,  and  often  twice,  a  Sabbath. 
At  one  time  he  speaks  of  embracing, 
in  his  itinerating  circuit,  fourteen 
different  places  of  occasional  ap- 
pointment, from  five  to  twenty 
miles  from  Bjurton. 

"The  sermons  of  Foster  were  of 
a  cast  quite  distinct  from  what  is 
commonly  called  oratory,  and,  in- 
deed, from  what  many  seem  to  ac- 
count the  highest  style  of  eloquence,  i 


namely,  a  flow  of  facile  thoughts 
through  the  .smooth  channels  of 
uniformly  elevated,  polished  dic- 
tion, graced  by  the  utmost  appli- 
ances of  voice  and  gesture."  He 
speaks  thus  of  his  preaching:  "I 
preach,  sometimes  with  great  fer- 
tility, sometimes  with  extreme  bar- 
renness of  mind  ;  insomuch  that  I 
am  persuaded  that  no  man  hearing 
me  in  the  different  extremes,  could, 
from  my  preaching,  imagine  it  was 
the  same  speaker.  I  never  write 
a  line  or  a  word  of  my  sermons. 
There  are  some  advantages,  both 
with  respect  to  liberty  and  appear- 
ance, attendant  on  a  perfect  supe- 
riority to  notes.  Sunday  evening 
(a  very  wet,  uncomfortable  night) 
I  preached  to  about  eighteen  or 
twenty  auditors  the  greatest  sermon 
I  ever  made.  It  was  from  Rev.  x. 
5,  6  :  '  And  the  angel  which  I  saw 
stand  upon  the  sea  and  upon  the 
earth,  lifted  up  his  hand  to  heaven, 
and  sware  by  Him  that  liveth  for 
ever  and  ever,  &c.,  that  there  should 
be  time  no  longer.'  I  always  know 
when  I  speak  well  or  the  contrary. 
*  *  *  *  The  subject  was  grand  ; 
and  my  imagination  was  in  its  most 
luminous  habit." 

His  relation  to  the  Review  con- 
tinued with  an  interval  of  a  few 
years  till  1839.  Through  a  course 
of  one  hundred  and  eighty-five  arti- 
cles (one  hundred  and  seventy-eight 
furnished  from  a.d.  1807  to  1820, 
and  seven  from  1828  to,  1839)  are 
given  his  views  of  a  vast  variety 
of  subjects,  political,  religious,  sci- 
entific, and  literary,  comparing  fa- 
vorably with  the  productions  of  the 
best  British  essayists.  Sixty-one 
of  the  articles  have  been  republish- 
ed in  London,  under  the  supervision 
of  Dr.  Price,  the  editor  of  the  Eclec- 
tic Review,  in  two  volumes  octavo, 


292 


Fo 


HAYNES'  BAPTIST 


Fo 


from  which  selections  have  been 
republished  in  this  country  by  the 
Appletons,  under  the  title  of  "  Fos- 
ter's Miscellanies." 

In  1808  he  was  married  to  Miss 
Maria  Snookes,  to  whom  he  had 
been  engaged  for  five  years,  and  to 
whom  his  essays  were  addressed. 
In  1810  his  only  son  was  born,  a 
youth  of  slow  but  much  promise, 
who  died  at  the  age  of  seventeen 
years. 

After  an  interval  of  thirteen  years 
devoted  to  his  twofold  avocation 
of  reviewer  and  evangelist,  he  re- 
appeared before  the  public  as  an 
author.  In  1818,  his  discourse  on 
Ilissions  was  delivered,  and  soon 
after  elaborated,  and  published  un- 
der the  title  of  the  "  G/o)-//  of  the 
Age  "  (republished  by  Jas.  Loring, 
Boston),  than  which  a  more  pro- 
found view  of  the  magnitude,  obli- 
gations, and  encouragements  of  the 
missionary  enterprise,  has  never 
appeared. 

His  sermon  on  "  the  evils  of  po- 
pular ignorance,"  before  the  British 
Society  for  the  promotion  of  popu- 
lar instruction,  was  preached  in 
1818 ;  and  after  being  enlarged  and 
elaborated,  was  published  in  1820, 
under  the  title,  "  The  Philosophy 
of  Popular  Ignorance,"  and  repub- 
lished by  James  Loring,  Boston. 
Sir  James  M'Intosh,  it  is  said,  pro- 
nounced this  treatise  one  of  the 
most  able  and  profound  works  of 
the  age ;  and  Dr.  J.  Pye  Smith 
says,  "  Popular  and  admired  as  it 
confessedly  is,  it  has  never  met 
with  a  thousandth  part  of  the  at- 
tention which  it  deserves." 

In  1821,  he  removed  to  Stapleton, 
three  miles  from  Bristol,  where  he 
remained  till  his  death.  In  1822, 
by  invitation  of  intelligent  gentle- 
men of  different  denominations,  he 


commenced  a  course  of  semi-month- 
ly lectures  at  Broadmead  Chapel, 
Bristol.  After  two  years  he  declined 
continuing  them  on  account  of  in- 
competent health,  but  finally,  after 
renewed  solicitations,  consented  to 
deliver  monthly  lectures,  which 
were  terminated  by  the  settlement 
of  Robert  Hall  at  Broadmead,  from 
a  modest  deference  to  the  distin- 
guished abilities  of  that  great  man. 
These  lectures  have  been  published 
in  two  series,  and  a  selection  from 
the  first  volume  has  been  republish- 
ed by  the  Appletons,  New- York, 
under  the  title  of  "  Essays  on 
Christian  Morals." 

In  1825,  his  introduction  to 
"  Doddridge's  Rise  and  Progress," 
&c.,  was  published,  unsurpassed  in 
comprehensivenessof  view,  cogency 
of  reasoning,  and  earnestness  of 
persuasion,  by  any  of  its  class  of 
writings.  It  has  also  been  issued 
in  a  separate  volume,  and  repub- 
lished, in  this  country.  In  1832, 
his  observations  on  Hall  as  a 
preacher,  appeared  in  Gregory's 
Memoir  of  Hall. 

Two  hundred  and  thirty-nine 
letters  of  medium,  or  more  than 
medium  length,  of  his  correspond- 
ence with  friends  and  some  distin- 
guished individuals,  have  been 
preserved,  and  in  connection  with 
selections  from  his  journal  and  se- 
veral articles  published  at  diff"erent 
periods,  but  not  before  embraced  in 
any  collection  of  his  works,  have 
been  interwoven  in  the  narrative 
of  his  life,  edited  by  J.  E.  Ryland, 
and  republished  by  Wiley  and  Put- 
nam, New- York.  There  is  perhaps 
not  a  biography  in  the  English 
language  so  philosopliically  ar- 
ranged, that  so  fully  and  variously 
exhibits  the  character  of  its  sub- 
ject, and  that  comprises  so  much 


Fo 


CYCLOPEDIA.. 


Fo 


293 


important  truth,  usetul  information, 
and  beauty  of  sentiment. 

After  having  lost  his  wife,  in 
1832,  and  one  of  his  oklest  and 
most  intimate  friends,  in  1833,  he 
was  quickened  to  more  immediate 
apprehension  of  his  own  end,  and 
with  g-radually  increasing  leeble- 
ness  of  body,  and  dimness  of  vision, 
but  with  unobscured  intellect,  he 
descended  toward  the  grave  ;  and 
in  1843,  in  the  seventy-third  year 
of  his  age,  he  departed  this  life, 
leaving  few  near  relatives,  except 
two  daughters,  who  affectionately 
ministered  to  his  declining  age,  and 
wept  over  the  grave  of  their  illus- 
trious father.  Evert's  Life  and 
Thoughts  of  John  Foster,  p.  8-lo. 

FOSTER,  Elizabeth,  the  wife 
of  Dr.  Benjamin  Foster,  pastor  of 
the  first  Baptist  Church  in  New- 
York,  departed  this  life,  August  19, 
1793.  She  was  the  daughter  of 
Rev.  Thomas  Green,  pastor  of  a 
Bapti.<*t  Church  in  Leicester,  about 
fifty  miles  from  Boston,  in  New 
England,  who  was  not  only  emi- 
nent for  his  useful  labors  in  the 
gospel  ministry,  but,  it  is  said,  bap- 
tized, in  the  course  of  his  ministry, 
not  less  than  a  thousand  persons. 
As  a  physician,  he  was  distinguish- 
ed for  his  success  in  the  healing 
art.  She  was  the  youngest  of  seven 
children,  five  sons  and  two  daugh- 
ters ;  six  of  whom  made  a  profes- 
sion of  religion.  Mr.  Foster  was 
her  second  husband,  to  whom  she 
was  joined  in  marriage  on  Jan.  16, 
1776,  and  who  succeeded  her  wor- 
thy father  in  the  pastoral  care  of 
the  aforesaid  church,  in  Leicester, 
on  the  23d  day  of  October  follow- 
ing. Not  long  after  the  death  of 
her  first  husband,  Mr.  Daniel 
Honey,  she  was  convinced  of  the 
importance  of  eternal  things,  and, 


through  Divine  grace,  found  some 
consolation  in  tfie  glorious  fulness 
of  the  Redeemer.  Notwitfistand- 
ing  the  hope  she  now  possessed, 
and  could  by  no  means  relinquish, 
she  was  assaulted  with  too  many 
temptations  and  fears  to  make  a 
public  declaration  of  her  faith  in 
Christ,  and  continued  in  this  un- 
comfortable state  of  mind  till  Mr. 
Foster's  removal  to  Newport,  R.  I., 
in  1785.  In  the  fall  of  that  year, 
he  was  favored  with  uncoiniuon 
success  in  his  labors.  The  Lord 
was  pleased  to  revive  his  work,  and 
particularly  to  awaken  the  atten- 
tion of  young  people.  Some  were 
led  to  inquire  what  they  must  do 
to  be  saved  ?  while  others  were 
constrained  to  tell  what  God  had 
done  for  their  souls,  and  to  triumph 
in  His  victorious  grace.  In  this 
time  of  refreshing,  from  the  pre- 
sence of  the  Lord,  Mrs.  Foster, 
rising  superior  to  her  fears,  was 
enabled  to  publicly  declare  her 
faith  in  the  Saviour,  and,  in  obedi- 
ence to  His  command,  with  others, 
was  baptized.  Mr.  Foster  had  the 
unspeakable  satisfaction  of  perform- 
ing the  sacred  rite,  and  of  noticing, 
at  the  time,  the  most  wonderful 
effects  of  Almighty  power  and 
grace  that  ever  had  been  manifest- 
ed at  any  season  when  he  was  the 
administrator  of  that  ordinance.  It 
may  be  truly  said  that  Mrs.  Foster 
was  an  ornament  to  her  profession : 
her  conversation  was  becoming  the 
gospel  of  Christ,  exciting  the  esteem 
and  affection  of  her  numerous  ac- 
quaintance. Prudence  was  a  sig- 
nal trait  in  her  character.  As  she 
was  exemplary  in  her  patience  un- 
der troubles  in  general,  so,  through 
the  last  long  and  increa.sing  bodily 
affliction,  she  endured  till  she  ob- 
tained, there  is  no  doubt,  a  final 


294 


HAYNES'  BAPTIST 


Fo 


and  glorious  release.  The  day  be 
fore  she  expired,  she  expressed  her 
apprehensions  of  the  speedy  ap- 
proach of  death,  but  repeatedly  sig- 
nified that  the  prospect  gave  her  no 
uneasiness  of  mind.  The  same 
hope  and  peace  she  possessed  in 
Christ  for  years  past,  now  supported 
her  in  the  solemn  hour.  If  it  was 
the  will  of  God  she  should  depart, 
she  was  reconciled  to  the  event ; 
and,  in  the  exercise  of  divine  con- 
fidence, she  committed  her  spirit 
into  the  hands  of  God.  Rippon's 
Register. 

FOSKETT,  Bernard,  son  of  Mr. 
Williai: ;  i:'oskett,  of  North  Crawley, 
in  Bucks,  a  gentleman  of  good  re- 
pute, easy  fortune,  and  blessed  with 
a  numerous  oifspring,  was  born 
March  10,  1684-5,  near  Wooburn, 
in  Bedfordshire,  where  lie  had  an 
estate.  And  as  he  early  discovered 
a  taste  for  learning,  he  was  put 
under  the  cai'e  of  a  very  able  mas- 
ter, with  whom  he  soon  made  con- 
siderable progress.  He  became  ex- 
perimentally acquainted  with  reli- 
gion, in  the  early  part  of  life,  and 
at  seventeen  years  of  age  joined 
the  Baptist  Church,  then  under  the 
pastorn!  care  of  Mr.  Piggott,  in 
Little  Wild-street,  London,  over 
which  our  excellent  friend,  the 
Rev.  Dr.  Samuel  Stennett,  I  hope 
yet  presides.  About  this  time,  an 
intimacy  had  commenced  between 
Mr.  Foskett  and  Mr.  John  Bed- 
dome,  (the  father  of  our  venerable 
friend,  the  Rev.  Benjamin  Bed- 
dome,  of  Bourton,  on  the  water,) 
some  years  after  a  respectable  min- 
ister of  the  church  in  the  Pithay. 
The  friendship  of  Mr.  John  Bed- 
dome  and  Mr.  Foskett  was  like 
that  of  Jonathan  and  David,  and 
lasted  through  life.  Mr.  John 
Beddome  was  called  to  the  work 


of  the  ministry  by  Mr.  Reach's 
church,  of  which  Dr.  Gill  was  af- 
terwards pastor,  and  was  sent  to 
Henley,  Arden,  near  Aulcester,  in 
1697,  to  assist  the  aged  Mr.  John 
Willis,  pastor  of  that  church,  who 
died  about  1 705.  A  few  years  after 
the  death  of  Mr.  Willis,  viz.  in 
1711,  Mr.  Foskett,  who  had  been 
regularly  called  to  the  work  of  the 
ministry,  and  exercised  his  preach- 
ing talents  several  years,  quitted 
the  flattering  prospects  of  his  pro- 
fession in  London,  preferring  the 
character  of  an  able  minister  to  that 
of  a  skilful  physician,  and  removed 
to  Henley,  Arden,  a  place  to  which 
his  peculiar  friendship  for  Mr.  Bed- 
dome  led  him  to  give  the  prefer- 
ence. At  Henley,  at  Bengeworth, 
and  at  Aulcester,  these  two  wor- 
thies continued  their  joint  labors, 
till  the  year  1719,  when  Mr.  Fos- 
kett received  a  pressing  invitation 
from  Broadmead,  to  assist  Mr.  Kit- 
terell,  their  pastor,  and  to  become 
the  tutor  of  the  academy  in  the 
room  of  Mr.  Jope,  just  removed  into 
the  west.  This  invitation  he  thought 
it  his  duty  to  accept,  and,  in  1720, 
entered  on  his  double  charge  with 
great  seriousness  and  firmness.  One 
who  for  upwards  of  twenty-four 
years  served  with  him  in  the  gospel 
of  Christ,  and  who  could  not  be 
uninformed  of  his  real  character, 
has  favored  us  with  a  biographical 
sketch  of  him,  which  demands  a 
place  in  this  essay  : 

"  His  natural  abilities  were  sound 
and  good  ;  and  his  acquired  furni- 
ture, of  which  he  never  affected 
making  a  great  show,  was  very 
considerable.  He  had  a  clear  un- 
derstanding, a  penetrating  judg- 
ment, and  a  retentive  memory.  His 
application  to  study  was  constant 
and  severe  ;  but  though  he  was  of 


HAYNES'    CHART,    NO.    1. 

OF 

BAPTIST    ASSOCIATIONS    IN    AMERICA, 

CHRONOLOGICALLY  ARRANGED. 

Date.  1                     Name. 

1  State. 

Date.  1                    Name. 

1  State. 

A.D. 

A.D. 

1707  Philadelphia, 

Pa. 

1791  New- York, 

N.  Y. 

1751  Charleston, 

S.  C. 

"     AVarwick, 

i( 

1758  Sandy  Creek, 

N.  C. 

1792  Goshen, 

Va. 

1763  Leyden, 

Mass. 

"     Albemarle, 

(( 

1765  Kuhukee, 

N.  C. 

"     Shiloh, 

<( 

1766  Ketockton, 

Va. 

"     Baltimore,  No.  1, 

Md. 

1767  Warren, 

R.I. 

Do.        No.  2, 

'< 

1772  Stonington, 

Con. 

1793  Tate's  Creek, 

Ky. 

1776  New  Hampshire, 

N.  H. 

"     New  River. 

Va. 

"     Strawberry, 

Va. 

"     Windham,' 

Vt. 

"     Red  Stone, 

Pa. 

1794  Flat  River, 

N.  C. 

1780  Shaftesbury, 

Vt. 

"     Neuse  River, 

1782  Salisbury, 

Md. 

1795  Otsego, 

N.  Y. 

1783  Orange, 

Va. 

"     Richmond, 

" 

"     Middle  District, 

(I 

1796  Chemung, 

Pa. 

"     Dover, 

i( 

"     Ransellearville, 

N.  Y. 

"     Woodstock, 

Vt. 

"     Fairfield, 

Vt. 

1784  Georgia, 

Geo. 

1797  Miami, 

Ohio. 

1785  Vermont, 

Vt. 

"     N.Scotia&N.Brunsw'kB.  P.    II 

"     York, 

Me. 

1798  Bracken, 

Ky. 

"     Salem, 

Ky. 

"     Delaware, 

Pa. 

"     Elkhorn, 

11 

1799  Cumberland  River, 

Ky. 

"     South  Kentucky, 

" 

"     Green  River, 

1786  Holston, 

Tenn. 

"     Serepta, 

Geo. 

1787  Bowdoinham, 

Me. 

"     Mountain, 

N.  C. 

1788  Roanoke, 

Va. 

1800  Broad  River, 

S.  c. 

"     Groton, 

Con. 

1801  Cavuga, 

N.  Y. 

1789  Bethel, 

S.  C. 

1802  Sturbridge, 

Mass. 

"     French  Broad, 

Tenn. 

"     Essex  &  Champlain, 

N.  Y. 

"     Meredith, 

N.  H. 

"     Savannah  River, 

S.  C. 

1790  Mero  District, 

Tenn. 

"     North  Bend, 

Ky. 

"     Yadkin, 

N.  C. 

"     North  District, 

"     Portsmouth, 

Va. 

"     South  District, 

i< 

"     Hartford, 

Con. 

1803  Saluda, 

S.  C. 

1 . — 

1 
2 

HAYNES'  BAPTIST 

Date.  1                    Name. 
A.D. 

1  State. 

Date.  1                    Name. 

1  State. 

A.D. 

1803  Tennessee, 

Tenn. 

1811  Strait  Creek, 

Ohio. 

"     Cumberland, 

(( 

"     Muskingum, 

" 

"     Long  Run, 

Ky. 

1812  St.  Lawrence, 

N.  Y. 

"     Haldimand, 

Can. 

"     Teay's  Valley, 

Va. 

1804  Lincoln, 

Me. 

"     Pee  Dee, 

N.  C. 

"     Abington, 

Pa. 

"     Union, 

Ky. 

"     Appomattox, 

Va. 

"     Mad  River, 

Ohio. 

"     Union, 

11 

1813  Ontario, 

N.  Y. 

"     Cape  Fear, 

N.  C. 

"     Little  River, 

Ky. 

"     Russell's  Creek, 

Ky. 

1814  Ebenezer, 

Geo. 

"     Stockton's  Valley, 

"     Flint  River, 

Ala. 

1805  Saratoga, 

N.  Y. 

"     Franklin, 

Ky. 

"     Chowan, 

N.  C. 

1815  Hudson  River, 

N.  Y. 

"     Raleigh, 

" 

"     Buffalo, 

II 

"     Scioto,  No.  1, 

Ohio. 

"     Moriah, 

S.  C. 

Do.    No.  2, 

(f 

1816  Bethlehem, 

Ala. 

1806  County  Line, 

N.  C. 

"     Goshen, 

Ky. 

"     French  Broad, 

" 

"     Laughery, 

la. 

"     Red  River, 

Tenn. 

"     Blue  River, 

" 

"     Elk  River, 

(1 

1817  New  London, 

Con. 

1807  Barre, 

Vt. 

"     Lake  George, 

N.  Y. 

"     Susquehanna, 

Pa. 

"     Steuben, 

11 

"     Green  Brier, 

Va. 

"     Piedmont, 

Geo. 

"     Mississippi, 

Miss. 

"     Tugulo, 

" 

1808  Madison, 

N.  Y. 

"     West  Tennessee, 

Tenn. 

"     Black  River, 

(1 

"     Powell's  Valley, 

" 

"     Edgefield, 

S.  C. 

"     Burning  Spring, 

Ky. 

1809  Dublin, 

N.H. 

"     Missouri, 

Mo. 

"     Danville, 

Vt. 

"     East  Fork, 

Ohio. 

"     Beaver, 

Pa. 

"     Grand  River, 

" 

"     Accomack, 

Va. 

1818  Salisbury, 

N.H. 

"     Licking, 

Ky. 

"     Genesee, 

N.  Y. 

"     Illinois, 

111. 

"     Sunbury, 

Geo. 

"     Wabash, 

la. 

"     Cahawba, 

" 

"     White  Water,  No.  2 

i( 

"     Mount  Pleasant, 

Mo. 

1810  Cumberland, 

Me. 

"     Worcester, 

Mass. 

"     Union, 

N.  Y. 

"     Columbia, 

Va. 

"     Ocmulgee, 

Geo. 

"     Alabama, 

Ala. 

"     Concord, 

Tenn. 

"     Nolynn, 

Ky. 

"     South  District, 

111. 

"     Highland, 

II 

1811  Boston, 

Mass. 

"     Muddy  River, 

111. 

"     Westfield, 

" 

"     Columbus, 

Ohio. 

"     Franklin, 

N.  Y. 

"     Mohican, 

II 

"     New  Jersey, 

N.  J. 

181  Eastern, 

Can. 

"     Washington, 

Va. 

"     Grand  River, 

II 

"     Gasper  River, 

Ky. 

1820  Bethel, 

Ala. 

ATLAS  OF  CHARTS.  &c. 

3 

Date.  1                    Name 

1  State. 

Date.  1                    Name. 

1  State. 

A.D. 

A.D. 

1820  Muscle  Shoals 

Ala. 

1825  Pig  River, 

Va. 

"     Pearl  River, 

Miss. 

"     Reedv  River, 

S.  C. 

"     Union, 

" 

"     Abbot's  Creek, 

N.  C. 

"     Louisiana, 

La. 

"     Mud  Creek, 

Ala. 

"     Concord, 

Ky. 

"     Shoal  Creek, 

II 

"     Drake's  Creek,  No. 

1,      " 

"   ■  Eel  River, 

la. 

"       Do.          do.     No. 

2,       " 

"     Anglize, 

Ohio. 

"     Ohio, 

Ohio. 

1826  Bridgewater, 

Pa. 

"     Will's  Creek, 

« 

1     "     Big  Ivy, 

N  C 

1821  Northumberland, 

Pa. 

"     Chattahoochee, 

Geo. 

"     Parkersburw, 

Va. 

"     Buttahatchee, 

Ala. 

"     Brier  Creek, 

N.  C. 

"     Hiwassee,  No.  2, 

Tenn. 

"     Huron, 

Ohio. 

"     Sulphur  Fork, 

Ky. 

1822  New  Brunswick, 

N.  B. 

"     Baptist, 

1823  Niagara, 

N.  Y. 

"     Campbell  County, 

II 

"     Old  Colony, 

Mass. 

"     Meig's  Creek, 

Ohio. 

"     Salem, 

Tenn. 

"     Zoar, 

"     Western  District, 

(t 

1827  Salem, 

Mass. 

"     Cuivre, 

Mo. 

"     Berkshire, 

11 

"     Flat  Rock, 

la. 

"     Cortland, 

N.  Y. 

"     Salem, 

(( 

"     Monroe, 

"     Little  Pigeon, 

(1 

"     Patterson's  Creek, 

Va. 

"     Chautauque, 

N.  Y. 

"     3Iayo, 

N.  C. 

"     French  Creek, 

Pa. 

"     Ocklockonee, 

Geo. 

"     Mount  Zion, 

Ala. 

"     Pilgrim's  Rest, 

Ala. 

"     Hiwassee, 

Tenn. 

"     Conecuh, 

"     Boone's  Creek, 

Ky. 

"     Obion, 

Tenn. 

"     Concord, 

Mo. 

"     Salem, 

Mo. 

"     Fishing  River, 

(( 

"     Coffee  Creek, 

la. 

"     Salt  River, 

" 

"     Danville, 

If 

"     Sangamon, 

111. 

"     Michigan, 

Mgn. 

"     Little  Wabash, 

(( 

"     Johnstown, 

Can. 

1824  Wendall, 

Mass. 

1828  Waldo, 

Me. 

"     Oneida, 

N.  Y. 

"     Milford, 

N.  H. 

"     Broome  and  Tioga, 

<( 

"     Central  New  Jersey, 

N.  J. 

"     Onondago, 

If 

"     Ebenezer, 

Va. 

"     Flint  River, 

Geo. 

"     Washington, 

Geo. 

"     Yellow  River, 

(( 

"     Columbus, 

"     South  Concord, 

Ky. 

"     Mulberry, 

Ala. 

"     Bethel, 

a 

"     Nolachucky, 

Tenn. 

"     Union, 

la. 

"     Buffalo, 

fi 

"     Liberty, 

a 

"     Indianapolis, 

la. 

1825  Penob.scot, 

Me. 

"     Salem, 

Ohio. 

"     Ashford, 

Con. 

1829  Oxford, 

Me. 

"     New  HaA'en, 

(( 

"     Genesee  River, 

N.  Y. 

"     Lexington, 

N.  Y. 

"     AVhite  Oak, 

N.  C. 

4 

HAYNES' 

BAPTIST 

Date.  1                     Name. 

1  State. 

Date.  1                      Name. 

1  State. 

A.D. 

A.D. 

1829  Twelve  Mile  River, 

S.  C. 

1833  Concord, 

Va. 

"     Echaconna, 

Geo. 

"     Salem  Union, 

(( 

"     Western, 

" 

"     Contentnea, 

N.  C. 

"     Leaf  River, 

Miss. 

"     Bear  Creek, 

u 

"     Bethel, 

III. 

"     Tyger  River, 

s.  c. 

"     North  District, 

u 

"     Bethel, 

Geo. 

1830  Kennebec, 

Me. 

"     Coosa  River, 

Ala. 

"     Worcester, 

N.Y. 

"     Canaan, 

" 

"     Livingston, 

u 

"     Tuscaloosa, 

" 

"     Houston, 

Geo. 

"     Sequatchee  Valley, 

Tenn. 

"     Beulah, 

Ala. 

"     Mississippi  River, 

" 

"     Sweet  Water, 

Tenn. 

"     Salem, 

111. 

"     Ten  Mile, 

Ky. 

"     Tippecanoe, 

la. 

"     Beaver  River, 

K 

1834  Onion  River, 

Vt. 

"     Clark  River, 

(( 

"     Canisteo, 

N.Y. 

"     Edwardsville, 

111. 

"     Monongahela, 

Pa. 

"     Apple  Creek 

11 

"     James  River, 

Va. 

"     Kaskaskia, 

U 

"     Beulah, 

N.  C. 

"     Spoon  River, 

" 

"     Central, 

Geo. 

"     Morgan  County, 

fl 

"     Tallassehatchee, 

Ala. 

"     Shiawassee, 

Mgn. 

"     Duck  River, 

Tenn. 

1831  Franklin, 

Mass. 

"     Forked  Deer, 

a 

"     Stephentown, 

N.  Y. 

"     Cape  Girardeau 

Mo. 

"     Centre, 

Pa. 

"     North  Bethel, 

u 

"     Tar  River, 

N.  C. 

"     Curry's  Praire, 

la. 

"     Clear  Creek, 

111. 

"     Ganga, 

Ohio. 

"     William's  Creek, 

la. 

1835  Hancock, 

Me. 

1832  Barnstable, 

Mass. 

"     Washington, 

a 

"     Chenango, 

N.  Y. 

"     Dutchess, 

N.Y. 

"     Oswego, 

i: 

"     Wayne, 

a 

"     Seneca, 

(( 

"     Delaware  River, 

N.J. 

"     Central  Union, 

Pa. 

"     Bradford, 

Pa. 

"     Liberty, 

N.  C. 

"     Rappahannock, 

Va. 

"     Fisher's  River, 

" 

"     Broad  River, 

u 

"     Welsh  Neck, 

s.  c. 

"     Pocatalico, 

« 

"     Mountain, 

Geo. 

"     Edisto, 

s.  c. 

"     Concord, 

La. 

"     Appalachee, 

Geo. 

"     West  Union, 

Ky. 

"     Cliastatee 

(( 

"     Franklin, 

Mo. 

"     Hightower, 

i( 

"     Okaw, 

111. 

"     Union, 

Ala. 

"     Madison, 

la. 

"     North  River, 

(' 

"     Sugar, 

« 

"     Zion, 

Miss. 

"     Rocky  River, 

Ohio. 

"     Mulberry  Gap, 

Tenn. 

"     St.  Joseph's  River, 

Mgn. 

"     Little  Bethel, 

Ky. 

1833  Addison  County, 

Vt. 

"     Blue  River, 

Mo. 

"     Sussex, 

N.J. 

"     Salem,  No.  2, 

HI. 

ATLAS  OF  CHARTS,  &c. 


Date. 


Name. 


I  State. 


A.D. 

1835  Brownston, 

"  Bloomington, 

"  White  Lick, 

"  Owl  Creek, 

"  Seneca, 

"  Washtenaw, 

"  Ottawa, 

1836  Cattaraugus, 

"  Mary  hind  Union, 

"  Catawba  River, 

"  Lewis  Fork, 

"  Ebenezer,  No.  2, 

"  Chattahoochee, 

"  Coosa, 

"  Liberty  East, 

"  Wills  Creek, 

"  Yallabusha, 

"  Saline, 

"  Round  Lick, 

"  Central, 

"  Middle  District, 

"  Mount  Pleasant,  No. : 

"  Springfield, 

"  Bloomfield, 

"  Separate, 

"  Northern  Indiana, 

1837  Taunton, 

"  Western,  No.  2, 

"  Oconee, 

"  Upatoie, 

"  Choctaw, 

"  Liberty, 

"  Washington, 

"  SAveet  AVater,  No.  2, 

"  Stone's  River, 

«  Liberty, 

"  McLean, 

"  Bethel, 

"  Long  Point, 

1838  Fairfield, 
"  Clarion, 

"  Dan  River, 

"  Tygart's  Valley, 

"  Salem, 

"  Rehoboth, 

"  Tallapoosa, 


Date. 


Name. 


I  State. 


A.D. 

la. 

1838  Towalagee, 

Geo. 

« 

11 

Ebenezer, 

Ala. 

(( 

II 

Liberty  North, 

i( 

Ohio. 

K 

Liberty  South, 

(1 

(( 

II 

Noxubee, 

Miss. 

Mgn. 

" 

Louisville, 

(1 

Can. 

(( 

Columbus, 

(( 

N.  Y. 

II 

Chickasaw, 

a 

Md. 

(( 

Lasacoona, 

11 

N.  C. 

u 

Zion's  Rest, 

(( 

(( 

<[ 

Union, 

Texas 

Geo. 

u 

Mount  Moriah, 

Tenn. 

(I 

" 

Otter  Creek, 

Ky. 

a 

II 

Des  Moines, 

lo. 

Ala. 

II 

Wisconsin, 

Wn. 

(( 

a 

Colored, 

111. 

Miss. 

II 

Concord, 

a 

Ark. 

II 

Lordin, 

Ohio. 

Tenn. 

(1 

Maumee  River, 

« 

(f 

1839  Piscataquis, 

Me. 

Ky. 

u 

Harmony, 

N.Y. 

Mo. 

II 

Lufty  River, 

N.  C. 

111. 

u 

Ocmulgee,  No.  2, 

Geo. 

(( 

II 

Pulaski, 

II 

<i 

II 

Rock  Mountain, 

(( 

la. 

" 

Wharley, 

(( 

Mass. 

II 

Salem, 

Miss. 

Geo. 

U 

Primitive, 

« 

(( 

(' 

Nolachucky,  No.  2, 

Tenn. 

«' 

(( 

East  Tennessee, 

K 

Miss. 

II 

Northern, 

l( 

If 

(1 

Liberty, 

Ky. 

Ark. 

11 

Union, 

Mo. 

Tenn. 

" 

Little  Bonne  Femme, 

(1 

'< 

II 

Miami,  No.  2, 

Ohio. 

" 

11 

Wooster, 

111. 

(1 

Trumbull, 

<i 

la. 

" 

Lenawee, 

Mgn. 

Can. 

1840  Mohawk, 

N.Y. 

Con. 

" 

Advisory  Council, 

N.  C. 

Pa. 

If 

Three  Fork, 

a 

Va. 

II 

Primitive, 

S.  c. 

(( 

11 

Lexington, 

II 

«' 

11 

Ellajah, 

Geo. 

Geo. 

" 

White  River, 

Ark. 

(1 

II 

Rocky  Bayou, 

II 

6                             HAYNES' 

BAPTIST  ATLAS  OF  CHARTS,  &c. 

Date.  1                  Name. 

1  State. 

Date.  1                   Name. 
A.D. 

1  State. 

A.D. 

1840  Union, 

Texas 

1843  Orleans, 

N.  Y. 

"     Mount  Pleasant, 

Ky. 

"     Rappahannock, 

Va. 

"     Spring  River, 

Mo. 

"     Indian  Creek, 

u 

"     Des  Moines  River, 

lo. 

"     Salem,  U.  B. 

Geo. 

"     Vandalia, 

111. 

"     Occuchita, 

La. 

"     Rock  River, 

11 

"     Mississippi  River, 

u 

"     Freedom, 

la. 

«     Sabine, 

Texas 

"     Union, 

Ohio. 

"    North  Grand  River, 

Mo. 

1841  Saco  River, 

Me. 

"     Sand  Creek, 

la. 

"     Valley, 

Va. 

"     Bedford, 

;; 

"     Salem, 

S.  C. 

"     Mount  Vernon, 

Ohio. 

"     Little  River, 

Geo. 

"     Hillsdale, 

Mgn. 

"     Cherokee, 

Ala. 

1844  Connemaugh, 

Pa. 

"     Cold  water, 

Miss. 

"     Union, 

N.  C. 

"     Oc.ee, 

Tenn. 

"     Aberdeen, 

Miss. 

"     Greenup, 

Ky. 

"     St.  Francis, 

Ark. 

"     Mount  Zion, 

Mo. 

"     Davies  County, 

Ky. 

"     Davenport, 

la. 

"     Osage  River, 

Mo. 

"     Franklin, 

111. 

"     South  Union, 

(( 

"     Palestine, 

« 

"     Rock  Island, 

111. 

"     North  Eastern, 

la. 

"     Mount  Zion, 

la. 

"     Mad  River,  No.  2, 

Ohio. 

"     Grand  River, 

Mgn. 

"     Jackson, 

Mgn. 

1845  West  Union, 

S.  C. 

"     Kalamazoo, 

a 

"     Tuskegee, 

Ala. 

1842  Damariscotta, 

Me. 

"     Central, 

Miss. 

"     W.  Mountain, 

N.  H. 

"     Liberty, 

Ark. 

"     Wachuset, 

Mass. 

"     Nine  Mile, 

111. 

"     Chemung  River, 

N.  Y. 

"     Northern, 

a 

"    East  New  Jersey, 

N.J. 

"     Elkhart, 

la. 

"     Wyoming, 

Pa. 

"     Montreal, 

Can. 

"     Tioga, 

u 

1846  Litchfield, 

Con. 

"     Staunton  River, 

Va. 

"     Clearfield, 

Pa. 

"     Green  River, 

N.  C. 

"     Lebanon, 

Va. 

"     Wetumpka, 

Ala. 

"     Valley  River, 

N.  C. 

"     Florida, 

Flor. 

"     Ebenezer, 

Miss. 

"     Eastern, 

La. 

"     Salem, 

Ark.. 

"     S.  Cumberland, 

Ky. 

«    South  Western, 

Tenn. 

"     Freedom, 

a 

"     Racine, 

Wn. 

"    Soldier's  Creek, 

a 

"     Milwaukee, 

u 

"     Saline, 

(( 

"     South  Western, 

u 

"    North  Liberty, 

Mo. 

"     Walworth, 

u 

"     Platte  River, 

a 

"     North  Western 

u 

"     Quincy, 

111. 

"     Fox  River, 

111. 

"     Wayne, 

Mgn. 

"     Coshocton, 

Ohio. 

1843  Providence, 

R.  L 

"     Caesar's  Creek, 

u 

"     Yates, 

N.  Y. 

1847  Florida,  2nd, 

Flor. 

A  CEONOLOGICAL  CIIAUT 

OF 

BAPTIST    CHURCHES    IN   GREAT    BRITAIN. 

I.   ENGLAND. 


Date.  1       Name. 


County. 


iDate. 


Name.         | 


Couaty. 


A.D. 

1600  Salisbury,  Wiltshire. 
1604  Eyethonie,  Keat. 
1607  Smnh's,  London. 
1620  Farrintrtoo,  Berkshire.  ^ 

1627  Shrewsbury,  1st,  Shropshire  i 

1628  Hallaton,  Leicestershire. 
1630  Chatham,  Kent. 

"     King;'s    Stanley,     Gloucester- 

1633  Olchon,  Wales.  [sliire. 

"     Little  Prescott-street,  London. 

1638  Devonshire  Square,  London. 

1639  Crutched  Friars,  London. 

1640  Broadmead. 
"     Alcester,  Warwickshire. 
"     Bristol,  1st,  Somersetshire. 
"     Newbury,  Berkshire. 
"     Reading,  1st,  Berkshire. 

1641  Great  St.  Helen's,  London. 
1644  Red  Cross-street,  London. 

"     Hook  Norton,  Oxfordshire. 
DCr  At  this    date    there    were  46 

Baptist  Churches  about  London 

certainly— perhaps  more. 
1646  Dartmouth,  Devonshire. 

"     Spalding,  2nd,  Lincoln.^hire. 

1648  Plymouth,  1st,  Devonshire. 
"     Wantage,  Berkshire. 

1649  Bewdley,  Worcestershire. 

1650  Bourton  on  }  Qioucestershire 

the  Water,  S 
"     Devizes,  1st,  Wiltshire,  [land 
"     Newcastle  1st,   Northumber- 

1651  Cirencester.  Gloucestershire. 

1652  Abington,  Berkshire. 
»     Hamsterley,  Durham. 
"     Keysoe,  Bedfordshire,    [shire, 
"     Llanwenarth,        Monmouth- 
"     Leominster,  Herefordshire 
"     Upottery,  Devonshire. 

1653  Ashford,  Kent. 


1653  Boston  3d,  Lincolnshire. 
"     Peterboro,'  Northamptonshire 

1654  Exeter,  1st,  Devonshire. 
"     Melbourne,  Cambridgeshire. 

1655  Lyme  Regis,  Dorsetshire. 
"     Steventon,  Bedfordshire. 
"     Tewkesbury,  Gloucestershire. 

1656  Bristol,  2d,  Somersetshire. 
"     Leicester,  6th,  Leicestershire. 

Stratford  J  Buckinghamshire 
(fetony)  ^ 

1657  Coningsby,  Lincolnshire. 
Commercial  Road,  London. 

1658  Worce.ster,  Worcestershire. 

1659  Cambridge,  Cambridgeshire. 

1660  Blaenon,  Monmouthshire. 
"     Cranfield,  Bedfordshire. 
"     Hitchin,  Hertfordshire. 
"     Southwick,  Wiltshire. 
"     Towbridge,  " 

1662  Eldon-street,  London. 
Broughton,  Cumberland. 
Chipping  Norton, Oxfordshire 
Mill  Yard,  London. 

Newport   ^  Buckinghamshire 
Pagnell,   ) 

Ryford,  Herefordshire. 
Tottlebank,  Lancashire. 
Westbury,       )  Wiltshire. 

(Leigh)  1st,  ^  [shire. 

Wilhngham,  >  Cambridge- 

1st,  ) 

Hill  CliflF,  Cheshire. 
Kirton.  Lincolnshire. 
Mill  Yaal,  Good-  J  London. 

man  s  i'leld,        S 
Naunton  &  >  Gloucestershire 

Stow,         S 
Wisbeach,  Cambridgeshire. 
Red  Cross-street,  London. 


1663 
1664 

1665 

(( 
1666 


HAYNES'  BAPTIST 


Date. 


Name. 


County. 


A.D. 

1667 

1670 

1672 

1674 

1675 
1676 

1677 
1678 

1679 

1680 
1681 

1683 
1684 
1685 
1686 

1687 


1688 

1689 

(( 

II 
ii 

1690 

1691 

(I 

1692 

U 
U 

1693 

i( 

1694 


Armsby,  Leicestershire. 
Bluiiham,  Bedfordshire. 
Bromsgrove,  Worcestershire. 
Broad  Road,  London. 
Suffolk-street,      " 
Alban's-street,  Hertford  shire . 
Berkhampstead,  " 

Misleton,  Lincolnshire 
Smarden,  1st,  Kent. 
Hawkhead  Hill,  Lancashire. 
Morcat,  Rutlandshire. 
HeraelHemp-Jjj^^^^^^^^j^.^.^ 

stead,  ^ 

Downtown,  2nd,  Wiltshire. 
Gidneyville,  Lincolnshire. 
Warwick,  Warwickshire. 
Dereham,  Norfolk. 
Killingham,  Lincolnshire. 
Frorae,  2nd,  Somersetshire. 
Norwich,  5th,  Norfolk. 
Yarmouth,  2nd,     " 
Bridge  water,  Somersetshire. 
Tiverton,  Devonshire. 
Mill  Row,  (Mil 

lenhall,) 
Bown,  Lincolnshire. 
Fleet, 

Ives,  St.,  Huntingdonshire. 
Crocton,  Wiltshire. 
Guilford,  Surrey. 
Luton,  Bedfordshire 
Yoevil,  Somersetshire. 
Banipton,  Devonshire. 
Broughton,  Hampshire. 
Lymington,         " 
Little  Wild-street,  London. 
Norwich,  1st,  Norfolk. 
Harlow,  Essex. 
Kimbolton,  Huntingdonshire. 
Maze  Pond,  London. 
Isleham,  Cambridgeshire. 
Southill,  Bedfordshire. 
Foxton,  Leicestershire. 


Suffolk. 


Gransden, ) 
3at,)  i 


,p     .  f  ^  (  Huntingdonshire 
Olney,  Buckinghamshire. 


Date. 


Name. 


County. 


A.D. 

1695 
1696 
1698 

1699 
1700 


1703 
1704 
1706 
1707 
1708 

1709 

1710 
1711 
1713 


1714 


1715 

1716 
1717 
1719 
1720 


1724 
1726 

1729 

(I 

1732 
1733 


Epworth,  Lincolnshire. 
Kettering,  Northamptonshire. 
Barnoldswick,  Yorkshire. 
Bridlington,  " 

EUingliam,  Norfolk. 
Ashford,  Derbyshire. 
Keripton,  Leicestershire. 
March,  Cambridgeshire. 
Smarden,  2nd,  Kent. 
Shiffnall,  Shropshire. 
Southampton,  Hampshire. 
Sutton  in  Elms,  Leicestershire 
Cloughfold,  Lancashire. 
Bridgenorth,  Shropshire. 
Cranbrook,  Kent. 
Watford,  Hertfordshire. 
Colnbrook, Buckinghamshire. 
Risbourough,  (Prince's,)  " 
Burford,  Oxfordshire. 
Chipping,  Sodbury. 
Gamlingay,  Cambridgeshire. 
Sutton  in  Craven,  Yorkshire. 
Amersham  }  Buckingham- 

1st,  t)  [shire. 

Acrington,  Lancashire,  [shire. 
Chesham,   1st,  Buckingham- 
Liverpool,  1st,  Lancashire. 
Ringstead,  Northamptonshire 
Roud, 

Rawden,  Yorkshire. 
Walgrave,  Northeanptonshire 
Coventry  1st,  Warwickshire. 
Worsted,  Norfolk. 
New  Park-street,  Southwark. 
Unicorn  Yard,  London. 
Bacup,  Lancashire.  [don. 

Carter  Lane,   Borough,  Lon- 
Fairford,  London. 

PP    &>  f   Grioucestershire. 
Camden  ^ 

Cambridge,  Cambridgeshire. 

Ramsey,  Huntingdonshire. 

Penygarn,  Monmouthshire. 

Walkam  Abbey,  Essex. 

Evesham,  1st,  Worcestershire 

Northampton,Northamptonsh. 


ATLAS  OF  CHARTS,  &c. 


Date. 


Name. 


County. 


A.D 

1734 

1735 
1736 
1737 


1738 
1739 
1741 


1743 
1745 


1750 


1752 


1753 

1754 

1755 
1756 

1757 

i( 

1758 
1760 


1763 


Bratton,  Wiltsliire. 

Eagle-street,  L()ndon. 

Over,  Cauibridgeshire. 

Hull,  1st,  Yorksliire. 

Ea^le-street,  Red  )  -r       , 
T "       o  >  London. 

Lion  feqnare,       \ 

Berniingliain  lst,Warwicksh.' 

Downtown,  1st,  Wiltshire. 

Wellington,  Somersetshire. 

Boston,  1st,  Lincolnshire. 

Ganiston  &;  )  Nothingham- 

Retibrd     ^  [shire. 

Salendine  Nook,  Yorkshire. 

Barton,  Leicestersliire. 

Capel-y-ff,  Monmouthshire. 

Bro.seIey's,  1st,  Shropshire. 

Gildersome,  Yorkshire. 

Folkstone,  Kent. 

Grafton-street,  London. 

Ipswich,  1st,  Suffolk. 

Keppel-street,  London. 

Rye,  Sussex. 

Soham,  Cambridgeshire. 

Warinsgate,  Y'^orkshire. 

Goodshaw  }  j  ,  . 

rn        1     /  Lancashire. 
Chapel,    ^ 

Ho  worth,  1st,  Y'^orkshire. 
Lockerby,  Hampton. 
Bradford,  1st,  Yorkshire. 
Little  Alie-street,  London. 
Potter-street,  Essex. 
Seven  Oaks,  1st,  Kent. 
Halifax,  Yorkshire. 
Cowling  Hill, 

Hailweston,  Hu   tingdonshire 
Woolwich,  Kent. 
Shipley,  Yorkshire. 
Blackbtirn,  Lancashire. 
Bingley,  Yorkshire. 
Chenies,  Buckingham.shire. 
Kegworth,  Leicestershire. 
KirbyWood-  )  Northampton- 
house,  )  [shire, 
Leeds,  Yorkshire. 
Melborn,  Derbyshire. 
Birchcliffe,  Yorkshire. 


Date. 


Name. 


County. 


A.D. 
1763 
1764 
1766 

K 

1767 


1769 


1770 


1771 
1772 


1773 


1774 


1775 


1776 


1777 

u 

1578 
1779 
1780 


Yorkshire. 


Wattisham,  Suffolk. 
Bethesda,  Monmouthshire. 
Bramby,  Y'^orkshire. 
Hickley,  Leicestershire. 
Needing-  }  „      .■       ,       ,  . 
worth"  \  iiLi'^ti'igdonshire 

Staughton,  ?  r>  jr-     i  i  • 
(Little,)     \  Bedfordshire. 

Bessel's  Green,  Kent. 
Chacewater,  Cornwall. 
Tenderden,  Kent. 
Farsley,   Yorkshire. 
Scarborough,     " 
Gloepy  Lane, 

(Sowerby,) 
Caerleon,  Monmouthshire. 
Biggleswade,  Bedfordshire. 
Colne,  Lancashire. 
Maltby,  Lancashire. 
Oakham,  Rutlandshire. 
Penuel,  Monmouthshire. 
Trinity-square,  London. 
Bovey  Tracey,  Devonshire. 
Dean-street,  London. 
Hertford,  Hertfordshire. 
Longford,  1st,  Warwickshire. 
Queensboro',  Y^orkshire. 
Saffron  Walden,  Essex. 
Shipston  on  )  ^xr         ,      ,  . 

Stour  1  Worcestershire 

Bradley,  (North,)  Wiltshire. 

Nottingham,  J  Nothingham- 

3rd,  I  [shire. 

Sutton, Cold-  Kit-        •  1    1  • 
fj  1 1  >  Warwickshire. 

Missenden,    J  Buckingham- 

( Great,)      )  [shire. 

Trosnant,  Monmouthshire. 
Clipstone,  Northamptonshire. 
Hebden  Bridge,  Yorkshire. 
Workingham,  Berkshire. 
Westmancote,  Worcestershire 
Oxford,  1st,  Oxfordshire. 
Collenhain,    1st,   Cainbridge- 
Soho  Chapel,  London,    [shire. 
Church-st.  Black  Friars,  Lond. 


10 


HAYNES'  BAPTIST 


Date. 


Name. 


County. 


I  Date. 


Name. 


County. 


A.  D. 

1782  Halifax,  2d,  Yorkshire. 

"     Wliite's  Row,(Portsea)  Hamp- 

1783  Loscoe,  Derbyshire.       [shire. 
"     Ogden,  Lancashire. 

"     Road,  Wiltshire. 
"     Towcester,  Northamptonshire 
Tyd,  (St.  Giles,)  Lincolnshire. 


1784  Gidding-, 


Iluntinmlonshire. 


1785 


(Great,) 

Vernon  Square,  London. 

Row,  Middlesex.  [don. 

"     Black  Friars,  Church-st.,  Lon- 
"     Birmingham    2d,    Warwick- 
"     Caldwell,  Derbyshire,   [shire. 
"     Castle  Donington,  Leicester- 
"     Fetter  Lane,  London,    [shire. 
"     Harston,  Cambridgeshire. 
"     Ilkestone,  Derbyshire. 
"     Old  Ford,  Middlesex. 
"     Preston,  1st,  Lancashire. 

"     ^^^^'7'  ^C-)  ^'^^  I  Dnrham. 
Stanley,  ) 

1786  Breckington,  Somersetshire. 

"     Birmingham,  )  ^^t       •  i    i  • 
,,      '^        '  f  Warwickshire 

"     Datchel,  Buckinghamshire. 

"     Eynsford,  Kent. 

"     Manchester,  1st,  Lancashire. 

"     Woolwich,  2d,  Kent. 

Bluntisham,  Huntingdonshire 
Thrapstone, Northamptonshire 
Chapman's  Lade,  Wiltshire. 
Cosely,  1st,  Staffordshire. 
Norwich,  2d,  Norfolk. 
Diss,  " 

"     Sutton,  Cambridgeshire. 

"     Truro,  Cornwall. 

"     Waddesden   Hills,    Bucking- 
1790  Kingston,  Surry.     [ham.shire. 

"     Langhnm,  Essex. 

"     Loughboro',  Leicestershire. 

"     Lockwood,  Warwickshire. 

"     Marborough,  Yorkshire. 

"     Sandy  Lane,  Wiltshire. 

"     Bedford,  Bedfordshire. 

"     Bottesford,  Leicestershire. 


1787 


1788 
1789 


A.  D. 

1790 
1792 


17^3 


1794 


1795 
1796 


1797 

ii 

1798 


1799 


1800 


Walworth,  (East,)  London. 
Derby,  2d,  Derbyshire. 
Elland,  Yorkshire. 
Wil  lenhall,  Staffordshire. 
Aylsham,  Norfolk. 
Braybrook,  Northamptonshire 
Battle,  Sussex. 
Redale,  Yorkshire. 
Boulton,  Lancashire,  [tershire. 
Bosworth,  (Husband's)  Leices- 
Derby,  1st,  Derbyshire. 
Hammersmith,  Middlesex. 
Bland-street,  London. 
B  Ian  ford-street,     " 
Blackley,  Yorkshire. 
Bidleston,  Suffolk. 
Leicester,  3d,  Leicestershire. 
Pole  Moor,  Yorkshire. 
Wallingtbrd,  Berkshire. 
Hull,  2d,  Yorkshire. 
Shore,  "  [tonshire. 

Barton,  (Earle's,!  Northamp- 
Bed worth,  Warwickshire. 
Buxton,  Lancashire. 
Gretton ,  Northamptonshire. 
Somerstown,  Middlesex. 
Wigan,  1st,  Lancashire. 
Wolverhamton, Northampton- 
Maidstone,  1st,  Kent,    [shire. 
Stow  Market,  Suffolk. 
Ashburton,  Devonshire. 
Burton,  (Lati-  )  Northampton- 

mer,)  j  [shire. 

Grundisburgh,  Suffolk. 
Harlington,  Middlesex. 
Higglescote,  Leicestershire. 
Pendel  Hill,   )  ^  ,  . 

(Sabden,)     j  Lancashire. 

Sutton  Boring-  )  Nottingham- 
ham,  )  [shire. 
Cradley,  Worcestershire. 

Liverpool,  )  r  \  ■ 

/Aur  1  1   \  I  Lancashire. 
(Welsh,)  ) 

North  Shields,    Northumber- 

Rayleigh,  Essex.  [land. 

Brixham,  Devonshire. 


ATLAS  OF  CHARTS,  &c.                                             H 

Date,  1           Name          |           Couaty. 
A.D. 

Date.  1           Name.           |           County. 

A.D. 

1800  Bury,  St.  Edmund's,  Suffolk. 
"     East  Combes,  Gloucestershire. 

1805  Hillifield     and  )  v    i    i,- 

r         T>     i.          Yorkshire. 
Long  Preston,  j 

"     Liverpool,  2(1,  Lancashire. 

"     Reading,  2d,  Berkshire. 

"     Martham,  Norfolk. 

"     Kingston,  Herefordshire. 

"     Neots,  St.,  Huntingdonshire. 

"     Le.ssness  Heath     " 

"     Otley,  Suffolk. 

"     Stratford,      i    Buchingham- 

"     Ouudie,  Northamptonshire. 

(Fenny,)    \                   [shire. 

"     Rushden,  2d,           " 

"     Swanwich,  Derbyshire. 

"     Staley  Bridge,  Lancashire. 

"     Sampford,  (Old,)  Essex. 

1801  Brienchly  and  Lamberher  st. 

"     Wallonsworth,  )  y       i 

rj  ■        ,       .  N     London. 
(Lion-street,)  \ 

"     Fakerham,  Norfolk.       [Kent. 

"     Illbrd,  Essex. 

1806  Broughton,  Nottinghamshire. 

"     St.  Peter's,  Kent. 

"     Chester,  Cheshire. 

"     Strestham,  Cambridgeshire. 

"     Gold  Hill,  Buckinghamshire. 

"     Wymondham,  Norfolk. 

"     Owestry,  Shropshire. 

1S02  Brentford,  (New.)  Middlesex. 

1807  Abergavenny,     Monmouth- 

"     Burton  on  Trent,  Staffordshire. 

"     Asby,  Leicestershire,     [shire. 

"     Clare,  Suffolk. 

"     Coseley,  2d,  Staffordshire. 

"     Garway,  Herefordshire. 

"     Millwood,  Yorkshire. 

"     Guilsborough,  Northampton- 

"     Tring,  Hertfordshire. 

"     South,  2d,  Lincolnshire,  [shire 

"     AVellingboro',    Northainpton- 

"     Penn,  Rockinghamshire. 

"     AVellington,  Shropshire,  [shire 

"     PenpoU,  Cornwall. 

1808  Austry,  Warwickshire. 

"     Penzance,      " 

"     Blaby,  Leicestershire. 

"     Portsea,  Hampshire.       [wall. 

"     Beccles,  Suffolk. 

"     Redruth  and  St.  Day,  Corn- 

"     Hartley  Row,  Hampshire. 

"     Rothby,  Leicestershire. 

"     Isle  Abbots,  Somersetshire. 

"     Saiehouse,   Norfolk. 

"     Kengsham,             " 

"     Tredegar,  Monmouthshire. 

■   "     Laxfield,  Suffolk. 

"     Thorpe,  Essex. 

"     Stangford,  Lincolnshire. 

1803  Brosely,  2d,  Shropshire. 

"     Sutterton, 

"     Breckham  Green,  Suffolk. 

"     Tottenham,  Middlesex. 

"     Dunstable,  2d,  Bedfordshire. 

"     Walton,  Suffolk. 

"     Falmouth,  Cornwall. 

"     Wilburton,  Cambridgeshire. 

"     Hosforth,  Yorkshire. 

"     Whitchurch,  Shropshire. 

"     Rishworth,      " 

"     Woodhouse,    Eares,  Lincoln- 

"     Saxlingham,  Norfolk. 

1809  Bethersden,  Kent.         [shire. 

"     Sion  Chapel,  JMonmouthshire. 

"     Borough  Green,  " 

"     Edlington.  Warwickshire. 

"     Charsfield,  Suffolk. 

1804  Beeston,  Nottinghamshire. 

"     Ives,  St.,  Huntingdonshire. 

"     Bristol,  3d,  Somersetshire. 
"     Helston,  Cornwall. 

"     Newport,  (Isle  )  ^          ,  . 
of  Wight,)      i  Hampshire. 

"     Ivinghoe,  Buckinghamshire. 

"     Swanzey,  Cambridgeshire. 

"     Quordon,  Leicestershire. 

"     Stockton  on  Tees,  Durham. 

"     Sheffield.  Yorkshire. 

"     Shoultham-street,  London. 

1805  Bugbrookj  Northamptonshire. 

1810  Blaenason,  Monmouthshire. 

12                                                   HAYNES'  BAPTIST 

Date.  1               Name.                |     County. 

Date.  1           Name.           |           County. 

A.D. 

A.D. 

1810  Bottisham  )  ^      i    .,       ,  . 

Lode,        1  Cambridgeshire. 

1813  Lowestoft,  Suffolk. 

"     Ripley,  Surrey. 

"     Belper,  Derbyshire. 

"     Street,  Somersetshire. 

"     Bromwich,  Staffordshire. 

"     Weymouth,  Dorsetshire. 

"     Cray  ford,  Kent. 

1814  Birmingham,  Warwickshire. 

"     Dutfield,  Derbyshire. 

"     Bloxham,  Oxfordshire. 

"     Eye,  Suffolk.                   [shire. 

"     Deal,  Kent. 

"     Haddenham,    Buckingliam- 

"     Downend,  Gloucestershire. 

"     Huncoates,  Lancashire. 
"     Idle,  Yorkshire. 

"     Fornuth,  (St. )  ^.j    ,.  ,, 
Peter's,)        \  ^^^-l^lk- 

"     Kenninghill,  Norfolk. 

"     Laverton,  Somersetshire. 

"     Keighley,  Yorkshire,     [shire. 

"     Staley  Bridge,  Leicestershire. 

"     Kislingbury,    Northarapton- 

"     Taunton,  Somersetshire. 

"     Manchester,  2d,  Lancashire. 

"     Thurlaston,  Leicestershire. 

"    Newark  on  )  TVT  ,,.     ,         ,. 
rp      ,          Nottinghamshire 

"     We.stoning,  Bedfordshire. 
"     Woolston,  Warwickshire. 

"     Netherton,  Worcestershire. 

1815  Audlem,  Cheshire. 

"     Sutton,  Suffolk. 

"     Bellericay,  Essex. 

"     Uffculun,  Devonshire. 

"     Byfieet,  Weybridge. 

"     Westbury,  (Leigh,)  Wiltshire. 

"     Goswell-st.  Pond,  London. 

"     Winchomb,  Gloucestershire. 

"     Hadleigh,  Suffolk. 

1811  Bradwell,  Derbyshire. 

"     Holy  Cross,  Staffordshire. 

"     Bythorne,  Huntingdonshire. 

"     Loughborough,  Leicestershire 

"     Draycott,  Warwickshire. 

"     Oldbury,  Shropshire. 

"     Haslington,  Lancashire. 

"     Pill,  Somersetshire.       [shire. 

"     Natishead,  Norfolk. 

"     Pont-rhyd-yr-un,  Monmouth- 

"     Forton  (Portsea,)  Hampshire 

"     Romney,  St.  (West-  )  j       , 

"     Southwell,  Nottinghamshire. 

J        \                           ?  J_j011(1011 

minster.)                  ) 

"     Warminster,  Wiltshire. 

"     Skinners'  Bottom,  Cornwall. 

"     Widborn, 

"     Wem,  Shropshire. 

1812  Adringham,  Suffolk. 

"     Wells,  Somersetshire. 

"     Aldborough,       " 

1816  Bradninch,  Devonshire. 

"     Atwood,  Worcestershire. 

"     Framlington,  Norfolk. 

"     Ensliam,  Oxfordshire. 

"     Loughton,  Essex. 

"     Haddenham,  Cambridgeshire. 

"     Oldham,  Lancashire. 

"     Harrow  on  the  >  ..y. ,,, 

TTjii                   >  Middlesex. 

"     Quainton,  Buckinghamshire. 

"     Toddington,  Bedfordshire. 

"     Highgate, 

"     Uckfield,  Sussex. 

"     Northall,  Buckinghamshire. 

"     Wadhurst,     " 

"     Ebenezer,    ^    Northampson- 

1817  Ashley,  Hampshire. 

(Portsea,)  ^                   [shire. 

"     Barstaple,  Devonshire. 

"     Poplar,  Middlesex. 

"     Beaulieu,  Hampshire. 

"     Shrewstown,  1st.  Wiltshire. 

"     Boddict,  Oxfordshire,    [shire. 

1813  Carlton  Road,  Norfolk. 

"     Camps,  (Castle,)  Cambridge- 

"     Gloucester,  Gloucestershire. 

"     Cherterfield,  Derbyshire. 

"     Kingshill,  Buckinghamshire. 

"     Crediton,  Devonshire. 

ATLAS  OF  CHARTS,  Sec. 


13 


Date. 


Name. 


County. 


I  Date.  I      Name. 


County. 


1817  Chelsea  (Par-  J  ^li^ji^^ex. 
awise  VV.)      ^ 
"     Frome,  3d,  Somersetshire. 
"     Ghxsgoe,  Moninouthshire. 
"     Hackletoii,  Northamptonshire 
"     Henrietta-street,  London. 
"     Humanby,  Yorkshire. 
"     Inskip,  Lancashire. 
"     Led  lade,  Gloucestershire. 
"     Madley,  Heretbrdsliire. 
"     Minsterley  and  J  g,,,      hire. 

Snaiibeach,     \  ^ 

"     Newport,  Monmouthshire. 
"     Newcastle,  2d,   Northumber- 
"     Stadbrook,  Norfolk.        [land. 
"     Withington,  Herefordshire. 
1S18  Argred,  Monmouthshire. 
"     Brayford,  Monmouthshire. 
"     Boston,  2d,  Lincolnshire. 
"     Culstock,  Cornwall. 
•■'     Chepstow,  Monmouthshire. 
"     Early  in  Craven,  Yorkshire. 
"     Exeter,  2d,  Devonshire. 
"     Ecton,  Northamptonshire. 
"     Hanslope,  Buckinghamshire. 
"     Hampstead,  Middlesex. 
"     Ragland,  Monmouthshire. 
"     South  Shields,  1st,  Durham. 
"     Somersham,  Huntingdonshire 
"     Stoke,  (Newing-  (  Middlesex. 

ton,)  S 

"     Soho,  Oxford-street,  London. 
"     Sutton,  (Ash-  ^  Nottingham- 
field,  1st,)     S  [shire. 
"     Torporley,  Cheshire. 
"     Walsham  le  Willows,  Sufiblk 
"     Works  worth,  Derbyshire. 
1819  Avering,  Gloucestershire. 
"     Brentford,  (Old,)  Middlesex. 
"     Chattiers,  2d,  Cambridgeshire 
"     Caerwent,  Monmouthshire. 
"     Fleckrey,  Lincolnshire. 
"     Greenford,  Middlesex. 
"     Highbridge,  Somersetshire. 
"     Lineholin,  Yorkshire. 
"     Magor,  Monmouthshire. 


Somersetshire. 


1819  Mansfield,  Nottinghamshire. 
"  Mel  ham,  Yorkshire. 

"  Monmouth,  Monmouthshire. 

"  Nottingham,  ^  Nottingham- 

2d,  ^  [shire. 

"  Norton,  (St. 

Philip's,) 

"  Oakington,  Cambridgeshire. 

"  Penrhos,  Monmouthshire. 

"  Ravensthorpe,  Northamton- 

"  Ross,  Herefordshire.       [shire. 

"  Rolaw,  Shropshire. 

"  Tenbury,  Herefordshire. 

"  Whithall  Heatli,  Worcester- 

1820  Uley,  Glouce.stershire.  [shire. 
"  Welchampton,  Shropshire. 

"  Appleby,  Leicestershire. 

•'  Alfred  J^lace,  Kent  Road,  Lon- 

"  Barton,  Bedfordshire.       [don. 

"  Bath,  3d,  Somersetshire. 

"  Billensden,  Leicestershire. 

"  Blockley,  Worcestershire. 

"  Cheshain,    i    Buckingham- 

2d,  \  [shire. 

"  Crewkerne,  Somersetshire. 

"  Donington  Wood,  Shropshire. 

"  Foulsham,  Norfolk. 

"  Grampound,  Cornwall. 

'•  Hanley,  Staftbrdshire. 

"  Homerton  Row,  London. 

"  Little  Leigh,  Cheshire. 

"  Liverpool,  3d,  Lancashire. 

"  Limpley  Stroke,  Wiltshire. 

"  Maidstone,  2d,  Kent. 

"  Napton,  Warwickshire. 

"  Netherton, 

«  Norwich,  3d,  Norfolk. 

"  Northampton,  i  Nothampton- 
2d,  \  [shire. 

"     Peter  Church,  Herefordshire. 
"     Thornhill,  Yorkshire. 
1821  Bacup,  Lancashire. 
"     Bideford,  Devonshire. 
"     Chapeford,  Yorkshire. 
"     Haworth,  2d,      " 
"     Heckington,  Lincolnshire. 


14 


HAYNES'  BAPTIST 


Date 


Name. 


County. 


A.D. 
1821 


1822 


1823 


Lambeth,  (Gray's  I  „ 

Manchester,  5th,  Lancashire. 
Slack  Lane,  Yorkshire. 
Shilton,  Leicestershire. 
Teignraouth,  Devonshire. 
ToM^bridge,  2d,  Wiltshire. 
Aldwinckle,    Northainpton- 
Blacton,  Norfolk.  [shire. 

Chalgrove,  Oxfordshire. 

C;7'^°"'  ]  Buckinghamshire. 
(Long,)  \ 

Creak,  (South,)  Norfolk. 

Crigglestone,  Yorkshire. 

Dover,  Kent. 

Kenil worth,  Warwickshire. 

Kingsthorpe,    Northampton- 

Kilham,  Yorkshire.        [shire. 

Lincoln,  2d,  Lincolnshire. 

Osset  Common,  Yorkshire. 

Suaffham,  Norfolk. 

""t^      1.^     [Nottinghamshire 
Trent,       )  ° 

LTttoxeter,  Staifordshire. 

Winstone,  Gloucestershire. 

Winchester,  Hampshire. 

Woodford,  Northamptonshire. 

Amersham,  2d,  Buckingham- 

Belper,  2d,  Derbyshire,  [shire 

Bourton   on  Trent,   Stafford- 

Chamberwell,  Surrey,  [shire. 

Cotesby,  Norfolk. 

Coventry,  2d,  Warwickshire. 

Dunmow,  Essex. 

Henley  on  )  ^   r.    ,  ,  • 
rri.     -^        5  Oxfordshire. 
Ihames,  ) 

Leicester,  5th,  Leicestershire. 
Macclesfield,  Cheshire. 
Magdalene,  Lincolnshire. 
Norwich.  4th,  Norfolk. 
Maria-la-bonne,  )  tj  l- 

(Portsea.)  (  Hampshire. 

Rowley  Regis,  Staffordshire. 
South  Shields,  2d,  Durham. 
Lyston,  Queens-  i  Warwick- 
boro',  \  [shire. 


Date. 


Name. 


County. 


A.D. 
1823 


1824 


1825 


Warden-st.,  Soho,  London. 

Waldringfield,  Suffolk. 

Whittlesea,  Whittlesea. 

Andover,  Hampshire. 

Brabourne,  (Lees,)  Kent. 

Bard  well,  Suffolk. 

Bard  well,  2d,  Yorkshire. 

Bradford,  2d,  " 

Beaulah,  Monmouthshire. 

Brington ,  Northamptonshire. 

Bristol,  4th,  )  c-  x  i  ■ 

/Aur  11  ^     }  Somersetshire. 
(Welsh,)     ^ 

Brighton,  2d,  Sussex. 
Chatham,  2d,  Kent. 
Chelsea,  West-  j  ^-^^^^^^^^ 

bar-.street,         J 
Corsham,  Wiltshire. 
Earle,  (Soham,)  Suffolk. 
Headon,  Yorkshire.        [shire. 
Kettering,  2d,  Northampton- 
Leicester,  4th,  Leicestershire. 
Matton,  Yorkshire. 
Montacute,  Somersetshire. 
Oxford,  2d,  Oxfordshire. 
Perriton,  Somersetshire. 
Rowborough,         " 
Stroud,  Gloucestershire. 
Storhain,  Suffolk. 
Tipton,  Warwickshire. 
Achlench,  Worcestershire. 
Blaenason,  Monmouthshire. 
Blisworth,  Northamptonshire. 
Canterbury,  Kent.  [shire. 

Coleman's    Green,   Hertford- 
Trimsbv,  Lincolnshire. 
Hatton,'  (East,)      "■ 
Ickford,   Buckinghamshire. 
Liverpool,  4th,  Lancashire. 
Milton,  Northamptonshire. 
Mirfield,  Yorkshire. 
Preston,  Lancasliire. 
Pin  Mill,  Suffolk. 
Staines,  Middlesex. 
Shelford,  Cambridgeshire. 
Westbury,  Wiltshire. 
Woodchester,  Gloucestershire. 


ATLAS  OF  CHARTS,  &c. 


15 


Date. 


Name. 


County. 


A.  D. 
1826 


1827 


1828 


Ashburne,  Derbyshire. 

Berwick,  Wilt.shire. 

Boxmoor,  Hertfordshire. 

Gorton,  Wiltshire. 

Gravesend,  Kent. 

Gainsborongh,  Lincolnshire. 

Goitre,  Monmouthshire. 

Hadlow,  Kent. 

Heaton,  Yorkshire. 

Mashain,       " 

Mersham,  Norfolk. 

Wigan,  2d,  Lancashire. 

Alperton.  Middlesex. 

Burnley,  Lancashire. 

Cubeley,  Gloucestershire. 

Folly  Cross,  Devonshire. 

Peny-y-cae,  Monmouthshire. 

Stratford-upon-  )  Warwick- 
Avon,  '  [shire. 

Sopley,  Hampshire. 

Stockwell,  Surrey. 

West  Drayton,  Middlesex. 

Yarcombe,  Devonshire. 

Addlestone,  Surrey. 

Anmore,  Hampshire. 

Clayton,  Yorkshire. 

Curry,  (North)   )    Somerset- 

Shoreditch,      )  [shire. 

Downburn  Com-  )  tt  t,  • 

I  Hampshire 
mon,  )  ^ 

Landbeach,  Cambridgsehire. 

Langley,  Essex. 


Date. 


Name. 


Comity. 


A.D. 

1828 


Lancashire. 


Devonshire. 


1829 


1830 


1831 


Rumbe  in  Res- 

sendale, 
Tedbury,  Herefordshire. 
Pontsbury,  Shropshire. 
Rumney,  Monmouthshire. 
Shrewsbury,  Shropshire. 
Torrington, 

(Great,) 

Woodstock,  }  r^    r-    J  1  • 
^AT       \        c  Oxfordshire. 
(New,)       > 

Chagford,  Derbyshire,  [shire. 

Cuddington,     Buckingham- 

Downham,  Cambridgeshire. 

Freckingham,  " 

Ipswich,  2d,  Suffolk. 

Netherseal,  Warwickshire. 

Northampton-street,  London. 

Slietford,  Bedfordshire. 

Stourbridge,  Worcestershire. 

Sunning  Hill,  Berkshire. 

Wincanton,  Somersetshire. 

Aston  Clinton,  Buckingham- 

Bilston,  Staffordshire,    [shire. 

Chelsea,  College-st.,  Middle- 

Harwick,  Essex.  [sex. 

Marazion,  Cornwall. 

Manchester,  4th,  Lancashire. 

Salter's  Hall,  London. 

Sidmouth,  Devonshire. 

Tittlehall,  Norfolk. 

Uxbridge,  Middlesex,    [shire. 

Henley  in  Arden,  Warwick- 


COUNTY    CHART 

BAPTIST    CHURCHES   AND   PASTORS    IN    ENGLAND, 

FOR  FORTY  YEARS  INCLUSIVE 

OF  A.D. 

1790,  1811,  1823  and  1831. 

Date. 

County. 

Chuiciies. 

Pas- 
tors. 

Date. 

County. 

Churches. 

Pas- 
tors. 

A.  D. 

A.D. 

1790  Bedfordshire, 

17 

14 

1790  Dorsetshire, 

3 

3 

1811 

18 

16 

1811           " 

4 

4 

1823             " 

20 

20 

1823           " 

5 

5 

1830 

22 

19 

1830           " 

6 

5 

1790  Berkshire, 

6 

4 

1790  Durham, 

2 

2 

1811 

9 

17 

1811 

4 

2 

1823 

9 

9 

1823 

5 

2 

1830          " 

12 

10 

1830          " 

10 

8 

1790  Buckinghamshi 

re,          9 

9 

1790  Essex, 

10 

9 

1811 

14 

10 

1811       " 

16 

15 

1823                 " 

26 

21 

1823       " 

21 

18 

1830                 " 

32 

27 

1830       " 

27 

23 

1790  Cambridgeshire 

),             8 

4 

1790  Gloucestershire, 

17 

13 

1811 

7 

4 

1811 

19 

16 

1823                 " 

20 

16 

1823 

24 

20 

1830                 "     . 

29 

22 

1830              " 

31 

27 

1790  Cheshire, 

3 

1 

1790  Hampshire, 

8 

7 

1811 

1 

1 

1811 

14 

13 

1823 

4 

4 

1823            " 

23 

22 

1830 

7 

5 

1830            " 

34 

34 

1790  Cornwall, 

2 

1 

1790  Herefordshire, 

2 

2 

1811          " 

7 

5 

1811 

3 

2 

1823          " 

10 

7 

1823 

6 

6 

1830 

13 

10 

1830             " 

11 

9 

1790  Cumberland, 

2 

2 

1790  Hertfordshire, 

9 

9 

1811           " 

2 

2 

1811             " 

8 

7 

1823 

2 

2 

1823             " 

14 

12 

1830            " 

1 

1 

1830 

16 

12 

1790  Derbyshire, 

2 

2 

1790  Huntingdonshire,           3 

1 

1811 

3 

3 

1811             " 

12 

9 

1823 

4 

4 

1823             " 

13 

12 

1830            " 

16 

10 

1830             " 

13 

12 

1790  Devonshire, 

11 

8 

1790  Kent, 

16 

15 

1811 

16 

15 

1811     " 

25 

24 

1823 

30 

24 

1823     " 

33 

28 

1830           " 

41 

33 

1830     " 

36 

31 

HAYNES'  BAPTIST  ATLAS  OF  CHARTS,  &c. 


17 


Date.               County. 

Churches. 

Pas- 
tors. 

11 

Date. 

County. 

Churches. 

Pas- 
tors. 

1790  Lancashire, 

15 

1823  Rutlandshire, 

1 

1 

1811 

20 

16 

il830              " 

2 

2 

1823           " 

30 

22 

1790  Shropshire, 

4 

2 

1830 

36 

31 

1811           " 

7 

6 

1790  Leicestershire, 

7 

5 

1823          " 

14 

10 

1811             " 

7 

7 

1830 

17 

14 

1823 

9 

8 

1790  Somersetshire, 

15 

13 

1830              " 

33 

26 

1811 

19 

]8 

1790  Lincolnshire, 

4 

2 

1823 

30 

26 

1811 

8 

6 

1830 

41 

36 

1823 

1 

8 

1790  Staffordshire, 

2 

3 

1830             " 

36 

25 

1811              " 

5 

5 

1790  Middlesex, 

3 

1 

1823              " 

13 

9 

1811 

12 

9 

1830              " 

86 

14 

J822           " 

17 

13 

1730  Suffolk, 

2 

2 

1830           " 

26 

18 

1811       " 

19 

18 

1790  London &Southwark,  23 

16 

1823       " 

32 

26 

1811        " 

27 

24 

1830       " 

37 

30 

1823         " 

32 

33 

1790  Stirrey, 

2 

1 

1830         " 

38 

37 

1811       " 

8 

5 

1790  Monmouthshire 

6 

8 

1823      " 

15 

10 

1811               " 

13 

16 

1830       " 

17 

11 

1823                " 

24 

28 

1790  Sussex, 

6 

7 

1830 

35 

36 

1811       " 

11 

8 

1790  Norfolk, 

11 

11 

1823       " 

14 

8 

1811       " 

19 

17 

1830       " 

13 

12 

1823       " 

31 

29 

1790  Warwickshire, 

7 

6 

1830 

38 

29 

1811             " 

9 

8 

1790  Northamptonshire,       19 

18 

1823             " 

16 

16 

1811                 " 

26 

18 

1830             " 

29 

20 

1823                 " 

28 

24 

1790  Wiltshire, 

13 

7 

1830                 " 

41 

36 

1811 

20 

18 

1790  Northumherland 

2 

0 

1823         « 

27 

23 

1811 

4 

4 

1830         " 

37 

32 

1823                  "■ 

3 

3 

1790  Worcestershire, 

13 

9 

1S30 

4 

3 

1811 

9 

18 

1790  Nottinghamshire,           3 

2 

1823 

13 

19 

1811                 " 

5 

5 

1830             " 

19 

16 

1823                  " 

6 

5 

1790  Yorkshire, 

28 

25 

1730                 " 

15 

13 

1711         " 

85 

30 

1790  Oxfordshire, 

5 

4 

1823 

38 

38 

1811 

6 
9 

5 

8 

1830 

48 

48 

1823 

1790  Total  in  England,      316 

255 

1830 

14 

11 

1811               " 

476 

406 

1790  Rutlandshire, 

1 

1 

1«28               " 

689 

594 

1811             " 

1 

1 

1830 

U 

951 

798 

CHRONOLOGICAL  CHART 


BAPTIST  CONVENTIONS  AND  GENERAL  ASSOCIATIONS 


AMERICA. 


Date.  1                Name.                  | 

State. 

Date.  1       Name.                      | 

State. 

A.D. 

A.D. 

1814  American      Baptist 

j  U.S.A. 

1829  New  Jersey, 

N.J. 

Triennial  Conv., 

1831  Michigan, 

Mgn. 

1820  South  Carolina, 

S.   C. 

1832  Kentucky, 

Ky. 

1821  New- York, 

N.  Y. 

"■     Indiana, 

ia. 

1822  Georgia, 

Geo. 

1833  Tennessee, 

Tenn. 

"     Mis.sissippi, 

Miss. 

"     General  Convention  of 

Cin. 

1823  Connecticut, 

Con. 

Western  Baptists, 

"     Virginia, 

Va. 

1834  Illinois, 

ill. 

"     Alabama, 

Ala. 

1845  Nova    Scotia,     New  } 

1824  Maine, 

Me. 

Brunswick,        and    > 

N.  S. 

"     Massachussetts, 

Mass. 

Prince  Edward's,       ' 

1825  Vermont, 

Vt. 

1845  Southern         Baptist  j 
Triennial  Conv.,          \ 

"     Rhode  Island, 

R.  I. 

1826  New  Hampshire, 

N.  H. 

1848  Arkansas, 

Ark. 

"     Ohio, 

Ohio. 

"     Texas, 

Tex. 

1827  Pennsylvania, 

Pa. 

1849  Canada  Baptist  Union 

CHRONOLOGICAL   CHART 


BAPTIST   CHURCHES  IN   AMERICA, 

CONSTITUTED  BEFORE  THE  REVOLUTION. 


Date.  1          Name. 

1 

State. 

Date.  1      Name.                       | 

State. 

A.D. 

A.D. 

1638  Dover, 

N.  H. 

1680  South  Kingston, 

R.L 

1639  Providence, 

R.  L 

1682  Kittery, 

Me. 

1644  Newport,  1st, 

a 

1683  Charleston, 

S.  C. 

1656       Do.         2d, 

" 

1684  Cold  Spring, 

Pa. 

1663  Swansea,  1st, 

Mass. 

1685  Tiverton,  1st, 

R.L 

1665  Boston,  1st, 

If 

1688  Middletown, 

N.J. 

"     North  Kingston, 

R.I. 

1689  Lower  Dublin, 

Pa. 

1671  Newport,  7th 

Day, 

a 

"     Piscataway, 

N.J. 

ATLAS  OF  CHARTS,  &«. 

19 

Date.  1              Name.                   | 

State. 

Date.  1               Name.                   | 
A.D. 

State- 

A.  D. 

1690  Cohansey, 

N.J. 

1743  East  Greenwich, 

R.  L 

1693  Swansea,  2d, 

Mass. 

"     Opecon, 

Va. 

1698  Philadelphia,  1st, 

Pa. 

"     Colchester,  1st, 

Con. 

1701  Welsh  Tract, 

Del. 

"     Waterford, 

" 

1705  Groton, 

Con. 

"     North  Stonington,  1st 

<< 

"     Piscataway, 

N.J. 

1745  Euhaw, 

S.  C. 

1706  Siuithfield, 

R.  I. 

"     Hightstown, 

N.  J. 

"     Piscataway,  7th  Day, 

N.J. 

"     New  Salem, 

Va. 

1708  Hopkinton, 

R.  L 

1746  Southampton, 

Pa. 

1710  North  Kingston, 

u 

1747  Scotch  Plains, 

N.  J. 

1711  Great  Valley, 

Pa. 

"     King-street, 

Con. 

1712  Cape  May, 

N.J. 

•'     Horseneck, 

" 

1714  Burley,  Isle  of  Wight, 

Va. 

"     Farmington, 

a 

1715  Hopewell,  1st, 

N.  J. 

1748  Oyster  Bay, 

N.  Y. 

"     Brandywine, 

Pa. 

1749  Sturbridge, 

Mass. 

1719  Montgomery, 

" 

1750  Bellingham, 

" 

1724  New- York,  1st, 

N.  Y. 

"     Exeter, 

R.  L 

1725  Scituate, 

R.  L 

"     Westerly,  1st, 

" 

"     Richmond, 

(1 

"     Killingly, 

Con. 

"     Warwick, 

(( 

"     Thompson, 

(f 

1726  French  Creek, 

Pa. 

"     Mountville, 

IC 

"     New  London, 

Con. 

"     Sandy  Run, 

N.  C. 

1727  Shiloh  on  Chowan, 

N.  C. 

"     Shiloh, 

" 

1729  Deep  Creek,  Surry, 

" 

1751  North  East, 

N.  Y. 

1730  Indian  Town, 

Md. 

"     Stratfield, 

Con. 

1732  Cumberland, 

R.  L 

1752  Lyme, 

u 

"     Oak  Swamp,  Rehoboth,  Mass. 

"     Morristown, 

N.J. 

1734  Shiloh, 

N.J. 

' '     Coventry, 

R.  L 

1735  Sutton, 

Mass, 

1753  Schooley's  Mountain, 

N.  Y. 

1736  South  Brimfield, 

" 

"     Rehoboth, 

Mass. 

"     Stono,  Charleston, 

S.  C. 

1754  Konoloway, 

Pa. 

1737  Ashley  River, 

u 

"     New  Britain. 

a 

"     Leicester, 

Mass. 

"     Harford, 

Md. 

"     Shiloh,  2d, 

N.J. 

1755  Axol, 

Va. 

"     Cohansey, 

(( 

"     Ready  Creek, 

N.  C. 

1738  Welsh  Neck, 

S.  C. 

"     Sandy  Creek, 

(1 

"     Stonington, 

Con. 

"     Kehukee, 

(1 

1739  North  River, 

Va. 

"     Fishing  Creek, 

u 

"     Southington  and  Far- 

jCon. 

"     Pipe  Creek, 

s.  c. 

mington. 

"     Meriden, 

Con. 

1740  West  Springfield, 

u 

"     Newtown, 

N.  H. 

1742  King  wood, 

N.J. 

"     Saybrook, 

Con. 

"     Chesnut  Ridge, 

Md. 

"     Salem, 

N.J. 

"     Fishkill, 

N.  Y. 

1756  Ketockton, 

Va. 

"     Kehukee, 

N.  C. 

"     Smith's, 

u 

1743  Boston,  2d, 

Mass. 

"     Toisnot, 

N.  C. 

20 

HAYNES'  BAPTIST 

1 

Date.  1                Name.               | 

State. 

Date.  1               Name.              | 

State. 

A.  D. 

A.  D. 

1756  Bull  Tail, 

N.  C. 

1765  New  Valley, 

Va. 

"     Lyiiville, 

Va. 

"     North  Stonington,  2d,    Con.      | 

"     Newport, 

R.  I. 

"     Groton, 

" 

"     Middleborough,  1st, 

Mass. 

1766  Ketockton, 

Va. 

"     Wantage,  1st, 

N.J. 

"     Chappawamsick, 

11 

1757  Dover, 

N.  Y. 

"     Upper  Freehold, 

N.J. 

"     Falls  Tar  Eiver, 

N.  C. 

"     Woodstock,  1st, 

Con. 

"     Camden, 

a 

"     Warwick, 

N.Y. 

"     Middleborough,  2d, 

Mass. 

"     Scituate, 

R.  L 

"     West  Harwich, 

" 

1767  Clinch  River, 

Tenn. 

1758  Sandy  Creek, 

N.  C. 

"     Glade  Hollow, 

11 

"     Jersey  Settlement, 

a 

"     Craig's 

Va. 

"     Red  Banks, 

(( 

"     Goose  Creek, 

Ct 

"     Mill  Creek,  1st, 

Va. 

"     Mount  Bethel, 

N.J. 

1759  Coosawhatchie, 

S.  C. 

"     New  London, 

Con. 

"     Stamford, 

N.  Y. 

1768  Madbury, 

N.  H. 

"     Cohary, 

N.  C. 

"     Little  River, 

Va. 

1760  Say  brook, 

Con. 

"     Weares, 

a 

"     Abbot's  Creek, 

Va. 

"     Wilbraham, 

Mass. 

"     Forks  Little  River, 

N.  C. 

"     Hardwick, 

11 

1761  Ashfield,  1st, 

Mass. 

"     Berwick,  1st, 

N.  H. 

"     Middleborough,  3d, 

(( 

"     Enoree, 

S.  C. 

"     Taunton, 

u 

"     Shaftesbury, 

Con. 

"     Pittsgrove, 

a 

"     Shaftesbury, 

Vt. 

"     Dividing,  Creek, 

N.J. 

1769  Attleborough, 

Mass. 

1762  Broad  Run, 

Va. 

"     Cheshire,  1st, 

a 

"     Grassy  Creek, 

N.  C. 

"     Wrentham, 

" 

"     Charlton, 

Mass. 

"     Waller's, 

Va. 

"     Dividing  Creek, 

N.J. 

"     Blue  Run, 

" 

"     New-York,  7th  Day, 

N.  Y. 

"     Little  River, 

11 

"     Stillwater, 

a 

"     Lower  Spotsylvania 

1 

"     Rehoboth,  2d, 

Con. 

"     Lyon's  Farm, 

N.  J. 

1763  Sackville, 

N.  B. 

"     Suffield, 

Con. 

"     Haverhill, 

Mass. 

1770  Brentwood, 

N.  H. 

1764  Berwick, 

Me. 

»     Bethel,  New- York  City  N.Y.    |i 

"     Cranston, 

R.I. 

"     Chesterfield, 

N.  H. 

"     Newport,  3d, 

" 

"     Hinsdale, 

11 

•'     Warren, 

11 

"     Richmond, 

a 

"     Pemberton, 

N.  Y. 

"     Manahawkin, 

N.  J. 

"     New  Mills, 

N.J. 

"     Mill  Creek,  2d, 

Va. 

1765  Congaree, 

S.  C. 

"     South  River, 

II 

"     Upper  Fair  Forest, 

11 

"     Mine  Creek, 

S.  C. 

"     Grassy  Creek, 

N.  C. 

"     Bush  River, 

11 

"     Haverhill,  1st, 

Mass. 

"     Stephen's  Creek, 

It 

"     Martha's  Vineyard, 

(I 

"     Uniontown, 

Pa. 

[        "     Montague  and  Leverett,    " 

"     Vincent, 

u 

ATLAS  OF  CHARTS,  &c. 

21 

Date 

A.  D. 

1                  Name.           | 

State. 

Date 

1                   Name.           | 

State. 

A.  D 

177 

0  Westerly,  2d, 

R.  L 

1772  Brent  Town, 

Va. 

177 

I  Saluda, 

S.  C. 

(1 

Upper  Essex, 

u 

" 

Burch  River, 

II 

(1 

Pittsfield, 

N.  Y. 

11 

Little  River,  1st, 

II 

II 

High  Hills  Santee 

S.  C. 

(( 

Do.       do.     2d, 

II 

" 

Healing  Springs, 

(> 

Shanando, 

Va. 

K 

North  Berwick, 

Me. 

(i 

Upper  Orange, 

u 

II 

New  Salem, 

Mass. 

<( 

Amherst, 

<< 

II 

Kiokee, 

Geo. 

'4 

Buckingham, 

K 

II 

Sandbornton, 

N.  H. 

U 

Bedford, 

(1 

(1 

Sandford, 

II 

ti 

Blackwater, 

(1 

" 

Gilmanton, 

a 

If 

Buck  Marsh, 

■( 

1773  Appomattox, 

Va. 

(1 

County  Line, 

II 

II 

Burruss', 

II 

II 

Culpepper,  in  Orange, 

l< 

" 

Catawba, 

(( 

(1 

Carter's  Run, 

" 

a 

Carter's  Run, 

II 

" 

Dover, 

II 

II 

Dover, 

II 

(1 

Dan  River, 

(1 

II 

Ebenezer, 

II 

" 

Fed  Is  Creek, 

<l 

,  u 

Great  Bridge, 

14 

" 

Licking  Hole, 

II 

ii 

James  City, 

II 

ti 

Louisa, 
Meherrin, 

<l 

II 

a 

Malone's, 
Reed's, 

II 
11 

11 

Middle  Spotsylvania, 

11 

11 

Botsford's  M.  .H 

Geo. 

" 

Middle  Orange, 

(1 

(( 

Upper  Bannister, 

Va. 

It 

Tuckahoe, 

N.J. 

II 

Middle  Fork  Saluda, 

S.  C. 

II 

Nottoway, 

II 

II 

Goshen, 

Pa. 

" 

Johnston, 

R.  i: 

" 

Ten-mile, 

14 

K 

Westmoreland, 

N.  H. 

" 

Peter's  Creek, 

II 

'i 

Barnstable, 

Mass. 

a 

Horton, 

N.  B. 

<i 

Wales, 

ii 

II 

Bertie, 

N.  C. 

U 

Cheshire,  2d, 

u 

II 

Fredericktown, 

Md. 

u 

Lamborough, 

u 

K 

Old  Seneca, 

4( 

u 

Chelmsford, 

u 

a 

Meherrin, 

N.  C. 

ii 

Hopkinton, 

N.  H. 

41 

James'  City, 

Va. 

u 

Brentwood, 

K 

II 

Reed's, 

II 

(( 

Haw  River, 

N.  C. 

" 

Burns' 

11 

a 

Cashie, 

a 

" 

Pownal, 

Con. 

u 

Goochland, 

Va. 

a 

Pownal,  1st, 

Vt. 

u 

Pittsgrove, 

N.J. 

II 

Stamford, 

Con. 

177S 

.  Blue  Stone, 

Va. 

II 

New  Savannah, 

Geo. 

(1 

Glebe  Landing, 

u 

K 

Westmoreland, 

N.H. 

u 

Thumb  Run, 

II 

1774  Ashford,  2d, 

Con. 

u 

Lower  King  and  Queen  " 

CI 

Richmond, 

R.  L 

u 

Norfolk, 

u 

II 

Harford, 

Md. 

i< 

Dighton, 

Mass. 

II 

Guineas, 

Va. 

u 

Frederickstowio, 

N.  Y. 

II 

North  Pamunkey, 

41 

(I 

Rocks, 

Va. 

II 

Providence, 

I 

22                                                 HAYNES'  BAPTIST 

Date.  1               Name.                |            State. 

Date.  1                    Name.                    | 

State. 

A.  D. 

A.  D. 

1774  Occoquon,                        Va. 

1775  Pigeon  Creek, 

Pa. 

"     Piscataway,                      " 

"     Loyal  Hanna, 

a 

"     Hartwood,                        " 

"     Turkey,  Foot, 

a 

"     Upper  King  and  Queen,  " 

"     Pipe  Creek, 

s.  c. 

"     Tuckaho,                          " 

"     Treadaway, 

(( 

"     White  House,                 " 

"     Yeopin, 

N.  C. 

"■     Lemproire's  Creek,         " 

'•'     Tabb's  Creek, 

<( 

"     Fork  Union,                     " 

"     Stonington  borough, 

Con. 

"     Hunting  Creek,              " 

"     Suffield, 

a 

''     Matthew's,                       " 

"     Upper  College, 

Va. 

"     Upper  College,                " 

'•     Exol, 

(( 

"     Sandy  Creek,                N.  C. 

"     Matthews, 

a 

"     Rock  Swamp,                N.  C. 

A  CHRONOLOGICAL  CHART 

OF 

BAPTIST    CHURCHES    IN   AMERICA: 

CONSTITUTED  DURING  THE  REVOLUTIONARY  WAR. 

Date.  1              Name.                   |          State. 

Date.  1                 Name.                  | 
A.  D. 

1776  Hampton, 

State. 

Con. 

A.  D. 

1776  Chickahominy,              Va. 

"     Back  Lick                        " 

"     Killingly, 

a 

"     Charles  City, 

"     Ashford,  3d, 

u 

"     Reedy  Creek,                    " 

1777  Grafton, 

Va. 

"     Occoquon,                            " 

"     Black  Creek, 

(t 

"     Licking  Hole, 

"     Tussekiah, 

(( 

"     Gapway,                         S.  C. 

"     Tommahawk, 

a 

"     Upper  Lynch's  Creek,      " 

*•'     Lunie's  Creek, 

(( 

"     Upper  F.  T.  Creek, 

"     Scarrot's, 

(1 

"     Sandy  River,                     " 

"     Little  River  Creek, 

Geo. 

"     Flat  Swamp,                   N.  C. 

"     Upper  Duncan's  Creek 

,  S.  C. 

"     Rocky  River,  (Anson)  N.  C. 

"     Edisto, 

i( 

"     Medfield,                        Mass. 

"     Buffalo, 

N.  C. 

"     Harvard, 

"     Forks  of  Yough, 

Pa. 

"     Scituate,                          R.  I. 

"     Forks  of  Cheat, 

(C 

"     Foster, 

"     Wolf  Island, 

N.  C. 

"     Upper  Freehold,             N.  J. 

"     Abbot's  Creek, 

" 

"     Cornwallis,                      N.  S. 

"     Flat  River, 

a 

"     Red  Stone,                     Pa. 

"     Little  Brier  Creek, 

Geo. 

'i 

ATLAS  OF  CHARTS.  &c. 

23 

Date.  1          Name.           | 
A.  D. 

1778  Moratico, 

State. 

Va. 

Date. 

Name.           | 

State. 

A.  D. 

1780  Willington, 

R.  L 

"     Skinquarter, 

« 

(1 

Litchfield, 

Con, 

"     F.  T. 

« 

a 

Burlington, 

a 

"     Wilderness, 

(( 

a 

Colchester, 

(C 

"     South  Kingston, 

R.I. 

u 

Wolcott  and  Bristol, 

f( 

"     Gloucester, 

i( 

a 

Salisbury, 

Md. 

"     Ebenezer, 

S.C. 

" 

Broad  Creek, 

(( 

"     Massaponax, 

Va. 

a 

Wallingford, 

Vt. 

"     Deep  Creek, 

S.  C. 

if 

Guilford,  1st, 

u 

"     Lockwood's  Folly, 

N.  C. 

u 

Shaftesbury,  2d, 

Ik 

"     Deep  Creek, 

u 

u 

Guilford, 

N.H. 

"     Newport, 

(( 

u 

Wells,  1st, 

(( 

"     Green  River, 

« 

ii 

Newport  and  Croydon 

"     Marlow, 

N.H. 

a 

Rumney, 

(( 

"     Canaan,  1st, 

N.  Y. 

a 

Canterbury, 

a 

"     Galway, 

u 

a 

London, 

<i 

"     Cambridge, 

f( 

ii 

Chichester, 

ti 

"     Yarmouth, 

N.  B. 

a 

Meredith, 

a 

"     Tucker's  Swamp, 

Va. 

u 

Mouth  Uhary, 

N.  C. 

"     Musterfield, 

(( 

u 

Cowenjock, 

a 

"     Massongo, 

(( 

u 

London  Tract, 

Del. 

"     Western  Branch, 

(( 

ii 

Sandbornton, 

(( 

"     Canaan,  1st, 

N.  Y. 

u 

Fishkill, 

N.  Y. 

1779  Chatham  &  Haddam 

Con. 

u 

Berlin, 

C( 

"     Buck  Creek, 

S.  C. 

<' 

Buff"alo  Ridge,  2d, 

Tenn. 

"     Roaring  River, 

N.  C. 

178] 

L  Sailor  Creek, 

Va. 

"     Great  9  Partners, 

N.  Y. 

a 

Timber  Ridge, 

(( 

1780  Cokunbia,  Barnwell, 

S.  C. 

u 

Durban's  Creek, 

S.C. 

"     Catawba, 

Va. 

u 

Greenbrier, 

li 

"     Bethel, 

K 

(( 

Hilltown, 

Pa. 

"     Richmond,  1st, 

H 

a 

Nomini, 

a 

"     Sandtbrd, 

Me. 

a 

Tiverton,  2d, 

R.  [. 

"     Leyden, 

Mass. 

« 

Ballard's  Bridge, 

N.  C. 

"     Shutesbury, 

(' 

a 

River  Creek, 

u 

"     Newtown, 

ii 

(( 

Woburn, 

Mass. 

"     Chesterfield, 

a 

i( 

Fall  River, 

it 

"     Tisbury,  Martha's  ) 

(( 

a 

Wendell, 

a 

Vineyard,              ^ 

u 

Adams, 

it 

"     Sloughton, 

<( 

a 

Lanesboro, 

(( 

"     Randolph, 

(1 

a 

Pittsfield, 

(( 

"     Holmes'  Hole, 

a 

a 

Sandisfield, 

a 

"     Colraine,  1st, 

i( 

K 

Ashford, 

(( 

"     New  Shoreham, 

R.I. 

u 

West  Bridge, 

(1 

"     West  Greenwich, 

(( 

u 

Harwich, 

a 

"     North  Kingston, 

i( 

u 

Manchester, 

Vt. 

"     Block  Island, 

(( 

u 

Cow  Marsh, 

Del. 

24                           HAYNES'  BAPTIST  ATLAS  OF  CHARTS,  &c. 

Date.  1               Name.                    | 

State. 

Date.  1              Name.                   |           State. 

A.  D. 

A.  D. 

1781  Duck  Creek  or  Bryn- 

|DeL 

1782  Bridgewater,                     Vt. 

zion, 

"     Poultney,                           " 

"     Fowling  Creek, 

Md. 

"     Westminster,  Wind-  /     „ 
ham  county,              I 

"     Cedar  Creek, 

Ky. 

"     Severn's  Valley, 

'( 

"     Fishkill,                        N.  Y. 

"     Canaan, 

N.  H. 

"     Pottskill,                          " 

"     Shapleigh, 

a 

"     Battenkill, 

"     Red  Creek,  Aberleen 

Geo. 

"     Cedar  Fork,                    Ky. 

"     Nolyn, 

Ky. 

"     Severn's  Valley,              " 

1782  County  Line, 

Va. 

"     Onslow,                          N.  B. 

"     Fox  Creek, 

(1 

1783  Childry,                          Va. 

"     North  Fork, 

(( 

"     North  Fork,  Holston,    Tenn. 

"     Buck  Lick, 

(( 

"     Hungo's,                        Va. 

"     Vienna,  Dorchester, 

Md. 

"     South  River, 

"     Clinaw  Hills, 

S.  C. 

"     Happy  Creek,                   " 

"     Gravelly  Branch,   ) 

Del. 

"     Indian  Creek,                   " 

Sussex,                   ^ 

"     Swift  Creek,                  S.  C. 

"     Beauty  Spot, 

N.  C. 

"     Dummerston,                  Vt. 

"     Bill's  Creek, 

If 

"     Corinth  and  Vershire,    Vt. 

"     Bowdoinham,  1st, 

Me. 

"     Pittsford,  Rutland,            " 

"     Fishing  Creek, 

Geo. 

"     Athens,  Windham,           " 

"     Wells, 

(( 

"     Mispillion,                     Del. 

"     Sutton,  2d, 

Mass. 

"     Indian  River,  (Sussex,)    " 

"     Meredith, 

N.  H. 

"     Choigia,                         Geo. 

"     Runxney, 

i( 

"     Cherokee,                      Tenn. 

"     Sutton, 

(( 

"     Canaan,  Grafton,          N.  H.      i 

"     Lyman, 

(( 

"     Gilbert's  Creek,            Ky. 

^'     Weare,  1st, 

(( 

"     Mortemuskeet,               N.  C. 

"     Temple, 

(( 

"     Black  Creek,                     " 

"     Templeton, 

Mass. 

"     County  Line,                    " 

"     Quidnesset, 

R.  L 

"     Chatham,  Middlesex,    Con. 

"     North  Kingston, 

« 

"     Granville,  Washing-  ^  tvt  y 
ton,                             \     ■    ■ 

"     Fishing  Creek,  2d, 

Geo. 

"     Guilford,  (United) 

Vt. 

"     Lower     Southfield,    )  p 
Northampton,           \     ^' 

"     Middletown, 

u 

"     Ira, 

« 

t 

i 
1 

1 

CRONOLOGICAL  CHAET 


BAPTIST    CHURCHES    IN    AMERICA, 

CONSTITUTED  SUBSEQUENTLY  TO  THE  REVOLUTION, 

AFTER  A.  D.    1783  AND  BEFORE  A.  D.   1789, 
UP   TO    WASHINGTON'S   INAUGURATION    AS    PRESIDENT. 


Date. 


Church. 


County.       I  State.    Date.  ]       Church.       |       County. 


A.  D. 

1784 


Mass. 


Con. 


Vt. 


Edgecombe,    Wool-  ) 
wich,  Georgetown,  ) 
Little  River,  Cumber- 
land, 
Harpswell, Cumberland, 
Westtield,  Hampshire, 
Bowdoinhain,  Lincoln, 
Sterling,  " 

Colchester,  2d,  New  ^ 
London,  ^ 

Stonington, 4th,    " 
Halilax,  Bennington, 
Clarendon,  Rutland,        " 
Royalton,  Windsor,        " 
Fishkills,  2d,  Dutchess,N.  Y. 
Pittstown,  Rensellaer,      " 
Stephentown,     "  " 

Brookfield,  Ulster,  " 

YorkTown,Westchester  " 
Mount  Moriah,  Fayette,  Pa. 
Duck  Creek,  or  Bryn-  )  y.  , 

zion,  Kent,  ) 

Baltimore,  Baltimore,  Md. 
Tomahawk, Chesterfield,Va. 
Blackwater  Creek,    )         „ 

Norfolk,  \ 

Eastern  Shore,  Prin-  )       „ 

cess  Ann,  ) 

Piney  Branch,  Spot- 
sylvania, 
Baregrass,  Jefierson, 
Goose  Creek,  Craven, 
Swift  Creek, 
Turkey  Creek  on  Sa- 
luda River,  Abbeville 


Ky. 

N.C. 


s.c, 


A.  D. 

1784  RedbanksCreek,Edge- 

field, 
"     Upper  Fork,   Lynch's 

Creek,  or  Flat  Creek, 

Lancaster, 
"     Paget's  Creek,  or  Paco- 

let  River,  Union, 
"     Greenwood,  Wilks, 

1785  How-Rowley,  Sussex, 
"     Russel,  Hampshire 

Bridgewater,  Plymouth 


State. 


S.C. 


Geo. 

Miiss. 


Dublin,  Cheshire,         N.  H. 
Westmoreland,    "  " 

Grafton,  Grafton,  " 

Mason,  Hillsboro,  " 

Danbury,  Fairfield,        Con. 
Poultney,  Rutland,       Vt. 
Mapletown,  Rensellaer,  N.  Y. 
Little  Hoosick,  or      ) 
Stephentown,  >       " 

Rensellaer,  j 

New  Galloway,  Sara- 

gota, 
Newburgh,  Ulster, 
Jacob's    Town,    Bur- 
lington, 
Washington,    New 

Castle, 
Mossing  Ford,  Char- 
lotte, 
Sandy  Creek,         " 
William's,  Goochland, 
Miller's  Ferry,  Halifax, 
Meadow  Creek,  Mont-  i 
gomery,  \ 


N.J. 
Del. 


Va. 


26 


HAYNES'  BAPTIST 


Date. 


Church.      ]       County.       |   State. 


A.  D. 

1785 


1786 


Long  Branch,  Loudon,  Va. 
Shoulder's  Hill,  Nan-  )   u 

semond,  ) 

Black  Walnut,  Orange,  " 
South  Quay,  South-  J      ^ 

ampton,  ) 

Headof  Boon'sCreek,  f  jr 

Fayette,  S 

Tate's  Creek,  Madison,  " 
Washington,  Mason,  " 
Cox's  Creek,  Nelson,  " 
Pottinger's  Creek,  "  " 
Great  Crossing,  Scott,  " 
Clear  Creek,  (unknown)  " 
Bent  Creek,  Jefferson,  Tenn 
Pee  Dee  River,  Anson,  N.  C 
Cahawba  River, 

Burke  and  Lincoln, 
Scuppernong    River, 

Tyrrel, 
Roaring    River,    So 

Fork,  Wilks, 
Wassamasaw,  Char- 
leston, 
Janiey's  Creek,  Spar-  J      .^ 

tanburgh,  ) 

Philip's  Mills,  Wilks,  Geo. 
Whalley's  Mills,     " 
Freetown,  2d,  Bristol,  Mass 
Bristol,  Lincoln,  " 

Deerfield,  Hampshire,      " 
Wintonbury,  Hartford,  Con 
Warren,  Litchfield,  " 

New    London,    New 

London, 
Montville,  2d, 
Preston  &  Canterbury,  i    ,, 

New  London,  \ 

Stafford,  Tolland, 
Leicester,  Addison,         Vt. 
Putney,  Windham,  " 

Staten-Island,    Rich-  )  ^^  y 

inond,  ) 

Stephentown,  Rensellaer,  " 
New  Shawangunk 
Ulster, 


S.  C. 


Date.  I       Church.       |      County.       |   State. 


N.J. 

u 
Pa. 
Md. 


1786  Bedford,  Westchester,  N.  Y. 
"     North  Castle         "  " 

"     Canoe  Brook,  Essex, 
"     Mansfield,  Sussex, 
"     Pittstown,  Luzerne, 
"     Queen  Anne,  Queen 

Anne, 

"     Lingoteague,  Accomack,  Va 
"     Catawba  Creek,  Bot-  i      ^^ 

tetourt,  \ 

"     Union  Meeting,  Buck- )     j, 

ingham,  ^ 

"     Crooked  Run, Hampshire  " 
"     Lost  River,  Hardy,  " 

"     Mount  Pleasant,  Mon-  )    „ 

ongahela,  ^ 

"     Pricket's  Creek,      "  " 

"     Little    Sandy    Creek,  i 

on  Dan  River,  Pitt-  >    " 

sylvania,  j 

"     Black   Creek,  South-   )    ^, 

ampton,  \ 

"     Craig's  Old  M.  House, 

Spotsylvania, 
"     Boone's  Creek,  Fayette,K}. 
"     Bryan's    "  "  " 

"     Town  Fork,  "  « 

•'     Forks  Dick's  River,  ^      „ 

Lincoln,  ^ 

Tate's  Creek,  2d,  Ma-  >      ^. 

dison,  ) 

'•     Flat  Creek,  Jefferson, 
"     French  Broad,    " 
"     Upper  Ford  French  )        ^^ 

Broad,  Jefferson,     ) 
"     Bear  Creek,  Chatliam,  N.  C. 
"     Cross  Roads,  Guilford,       " 
"     Knob's  Crook,  Pasquo-  t     ,, 

tank,  ) 

"     Rocky  River,  Abbeville,  S.  C. 
"     Buffaloe  Creek,     "  " 

"     Black  Swamp,  Lincoln,    " 
"     Lower  Duncan's  Creek, 

Newbury, 
"     Cedar  Spring,  Spar-    ) 

tanburg,  ) 


Tenn. 


ATLAS  OF  CHARTS,  &c. 


27 


Date.  I      Church. 


County.       I   State. 


A.  D. 

178(3 


1787 


Va. 


Buck  Head,  Burke,       Geo. 
Hebron,  Elbert,  " 

Brier  Creek,  Upper 

Iron  Works,  Wilks, 
Long  Creek, Ogeechee  )     (, 

River,  Wilks,  5 

Gouldsbury,  Hancock,  Mass. 
Number  Four,  Wash. 

ington, 

Hopkinton,  Hillsboro,  N.  H. 
Wallingford,    New    \    p, 

aven,  ) 

Orwell,  Addison,  Vt. 

Hnbbardston,   Rutland,  " 
Hillsdale,  Columbia,     N.  Y. 
Anienia  Town,  Dutchess  " 
Fountain    Creek, 

Brunswick, 
Thornton's   River, 

Culpeper, 
Culbanks  on  Nollo-  ^ 

way   River,    Din-  >      " 

widdie,  j 

Millstone,  Halifex,  " 

Leatherwood  Creek,  )      ^^ 

Henry,  \ 

Mountain     Creek,     ?     j, 

Prince  Edward,        5 
Glude-Hollow,Rock-  )    ,< 

ingham,  > 

Walter  Creek,     "  " 

High  Hills,    Notto-^ 

way  River,Su.ssex,  5      " 
Seecock  Creek,     "  " 

Cooper's  Run,  Bourbon,  Ky. 
Boon'sCreek,  2d,  Fayette  " 
Hanging  Fork,  Dick's  /     ,< 

River,  Lincoln,  ) 

Lick  Creek,  Nelson,  " 

Brashar's  Creek,  Shelby,  " 
Cove  Creek,  Green,       Tenn. 
Big  Creek,  Hawkins,       " 
Buffalo  Ridge,  Wash-  \  ,, 

ington,  ■    \ 

Stony  Creek,  Cumber- 
land, 


N.C, 


Date.  I       Church.       |       County.       |   State. 


A.  D. 

1787 


Powel's  Point,  Curri-  )  -^  p 

tuck,  ) 

Little  River,  Montgomery  " 
Skewarkey    Creek,     /      ,, 

Martin,  i 

Rock  River,  P.  D.  R.   "     " 
Little  Riner,  Montgomery, " 


Head  Enoree  River,    ) 


S.  C. 


1788 


Greenville, 
Pacolet  River,  Union,       " 
Rock  Creek,  (Upper)  >  p, 

Burke,  5  ^^°- 

Van's  Creek,  Elbert,  " 
Powel's  Creek,  Greene,  " 
Ebenezer,  Wilkes,  " 

Bullock's  Gr.  Berkshire,Mass. 
Cheshire,  "  " 

Sanderfield,  2d,    "  " 

Plainfield,  2d,  Hampshire  " 
Conway,  "  " 

Canaan,  Hancock,  " 

Bowdoin,  1st,  Lincoln,  " 
Thomaston,  "  " 

Marshfield,  Plymouth,  " 
Pippin,  Washington,  " 
Landaff,  Grafton,  " 

Providence,  (colored)  }  j,    rp 

Bahama  Island         ^ 
New  London,  Hillsboro,  N.  H. 
Newport,  4th,  Newport,  R.  I. 
New  Shoreham,  3d,    >       ,, 

Washington,  5 

North  Providence,  Pro-  )    ,; 

vidence,  ) 

Hopkinton,  Washington,  " 
Torrington,  Litchfield,  Con. 
Saybrook,  2d,  Middlesex,  " 
Brandon,  Addison,         Vt. 
Shaftesbury,    4th,     )        ,, 

Bennington,  ) 

Reading,  Windsor,  " 

Great  Nine  Partners, 

Dutchess, 
Peekskill,  " 

Kinderhook.  Rensellaer, 
Hartl'ord,  W^ashington, 


N.  Y. 


28 


HAYNES'  BAPTIST 


Date. 


Church.       I       County.        |  State. 


A.  D. 

1788 


Va. 


Pretty's  Creek,  Albe- 
marle, 
Whiteside's  Creek,  " 
Angola  Creek,  Cum- ) 
berland,  ) 

Clarksborough,  Har- 
rison, 
Mount  Zion, 
Head    Birch's    Creek,  )  „ 

Pittsylvania,  ) 

Liberty,  Prince  Edward  " 
White  House,  Shen-  >     ^^ 

andoali,  ) 

Meherrin,  Southampton, " 
Huston's  Creek,  Bour-  /  ^ 

bon,  )      ^ ' 

Head  Salt  River,  Mercer,  " 
Buck  Run,  Woodford,  " 
Fork  Elkhorn  Creek,  >      ^^ 

(unknown,)  ^ 

Saddletree    Swamp,    f  -j^  ^ 

Robeson,  ) 

Timber  Ridge,  Rowan,     " 
Sandy  Run,  Rutherford,  " 
Cheraw  Hill,  Chester,  S.  C. 
Rocky  Creek  on  Ca-  )       ^^ 

tawba,  Fairfield,      ) 
Upper  Dunan's  Creek, 

Lawrence, 
Muddy  Creek,  Marlboro, 
Big  Creek  on  Saluda,  )     j, 

Pendleton,  ) 

Bark  Camp,       Burke,  Geo. 
Macleen  Creek,       '' 
Sweetwater,  Creek,  "       " 
Providence,  "       " 

Clark's  Station.  Wilks,    " 
Cloud's  Creek,'        " 
Dove's         " 
Hutton's     "  " 

Indian 

Millstone,    "  "         " 

Soap,  "  " 

William's  Creek,     "         " 
Savannah,  (colored) 
Chatham, 


Date.  I       Church.       |       County.       |  State. 


Period  of  Washington's   Administration,  inclusive  of 
A.D.  1789  to  1796. 

1789  Barrington,  Gr.,  Mass. 

"     Bernardston,  Hampshire 
"     Buckland. 
"     Colrain,  2d,  Hampshire, 
"     Danville,  " 

"     Leyden,  " 

"     West  Springfield,  " 
"     Whately, 
"     Balltown,  Lincoln, 
"     Weston,  Middlesex,  " 

"     Brunswick,  Cumberland,  " 
"     Rehoboth,  6th,  Bristol, 
"     Ridgefield,  Fairfield,     Con. 
"     Hartford,  Hartford, 
5  Mile,  " 
"     Canaan,  Litchfield, 
"     Watertown,     "  " 

"     Pownal,  1st,  Bennington  Vt. 
"     Rockingham,  Windham,  " 
"     Hartford, 

"     Bethel,  Albany,  N.  Y 

"     Coeyman's  Patent,  )        j, 

Albany,  ' 

"  Rensellaerwick,  Albany  " 
"     Dwain's Bush, Mont-  )      „ 

goinery,  ) 

"     Warren's  Bush,    "  " 

"  Oyster  Bay,  Queens,  " 
"     New  Bethlehem, Ren-  )   ,^ 

sellaer,  ) 

"  Petersburg!!,  Rensellaer,  " 
"  Kingsbury,  Washington, " 
"     Cross  River,   West 

Chester, 
"     Cohansey,  Cumberland,  N.  J 
"     Marcus  Hook,  Delaware,  Pa. 
"     Falls   Township, 

Philadelphia, 
"     Lower  Dublin,  Phil-  | 

adelphia,  i 

"     Roxbury,  Philadelphia, 
"     Forks  Yohogany  Ri- 
ver, Westmoreland, 
"     Hanover,  King  George,  Va. 
"     Polecat  Creek,  Halifax,    " 


ATLAS  OF  CHARTS,  ice. 


29 


Date.  I       Church.       |       County.       |    State.  I  Date.  |       Church.       |       County.       |  State- 


A.  D. 
1789 


Snow  Creek  and  Pi- 
geon    River,     2d, 


Va. 


(■■ 


Franklin, 
Staunton  River  and 
Blackwater,  Frank- 
lin, 
Terrible  Creek,  Halifax, " 
Mount  Tabor,  Monon-     ,j 

galia, 
Greesy    Creek,  Mont-     ,i 

gomery, 
Walker's  Creek,     "         " 
Portsmouth,  New  Kent,  " 
Mill  Creek,  Patrick, 
Mohawk  Creek,  Pitt-      <( 

sylvania, 
Wisdom's  Creek,    "         " 
White  Oak,  Stafford,       " 
Yeocomaeo    CreeTv,         ^j 

Westmoreland, 
Jessamin  Creek,  Fay- 
ette, 

Hardin's  Creek,  Nelson,  " 
Rolling  Fork,  "        " 

Cedar  Creek,  Hawkins,  Tenn, 
Stock  Creek,  Holston,       " 


Ky. 


A.  D. 

1789 


Tenn. 


Pigeon  River,  Hols- 
ton, (now  Sevier,) 
Wickicoan  Creek,  Bertie,  N.C. 
Hadnot's  Creek,  Cateret,  " 
Tar  River,  Granville,       " 
Grassy  Nob,  Iredell,         " 
Mountain  Creek,  Ru-       „ 

therford, 
Norhunty  Swamp,Wayne  " 
Fish's  River,  Wilks,         " 
Fork  Lynch's  Creek,       ^  p, 

2d,  Chester,  ^-  ^• 

Rock  Creek,  Fairfield,  « 
Horse  Creek  on  Reedy     „ 

River,  Greenville, 
Main    Saluda   River,       j, 

Greenville, 
Big    Branch   Enoree,      „ 

Laurens, 
Buck  Swamp,  Liberty,     " 
Little  Saltketcher,Orange" 
Rocky  Creek,  Lower,     p 

Burke,  ^^' 

Brushy  Creek,  Burke,  " 
Tugalow River,  Franklin, " 
Skull  Shoals,  Green,         " 


EXPLANATIONS. 

1.  In  making  the  foregoing  Tables,  ChabtS,  Slc,  no  distinction  is  made  betweer 
Separate,  Six-principle,  Seventh-day,  Missionary,  Anti-missionary,  Associated,  or  1 
Bhotvs  the  reason  wity,  otherwise,  there  would  seem  to  be  a  repetition  of  the  nam< 
dales. — 2.    No  distinction  is  made   between  extinct  Churches,  and  those  which  do  j 


Particular,  General,  Regula 
nassociated  Baptist  Churche 
of  the  same  Churches  undei 
ill  retain  the 


-,  United, 
i;  which 
different 


3.    No 


taki 


m  by  wh.ch  to  distinguish  such  Churches  as  are  dai 
ation. — 4.  Nor  do  the  Tables  show  the  change  of  the  i 
r. — 5.  These  remarks  apply  also  to  Associations. — 6 
nty  names  which  are  not  noted  in  the  Tables.      Occa 


riginal  orga 


!d    from    the  first  - 


csofs 


Dotic 
from  some  re 
Association  t 
county  lines 

repttitioDs,  but  it  is  believed  seldom. — 7.    The  sources  whence  the  Tables  have  been  mad 
abridged,  Seoiple,  Callender,  Morgan  Edwards,  Lelaod,  Furman,  Atleu,  Benedicfy  several  editi< 


Almanacs,  and  C. 
Wilson,  Wink's  Reportei 
adopted  ;  always  prcferri 


Dde 


If  any  complain,  let  better 
rill  be  50  altered  for  future  pei 


emodelled  for  the  Supple: 
8,  who  can  furnish  the  ma 


;  aod  ConsultatioD  of  Church  Records;  als 
If  Baptist  Miscellany,  &c.  ic— all  compared, 
ckus's  for  New  England,  Semple  for  Virgini: 


rith  the  evidec 
ation  in  our  Gazetteer.  Such  c 
t  one  old  item.  We  can  do  do  ra* 
Baptist  Cyclopffidia;  and  this 
t  we  want  them,  without  furthe 


lization,  and  su 
and  their  changi 
1  some  instances,  there  have  been 
ally  there  possibly  occur  mistakes, 
e  been  Backus' 
nd  Asplund;  at 


:hangcs 


Cyclopedia,  and  our  other  publications  proposed  in  our  advertisement  on  the  following  pages. 


Crosby,  Ivimey,  Orchard,  Dan  Taylor,  Walter 
ind  the  date  which  seemed  the  better,  has  been 
and  each  according  to  the  circum6lanci;s  of  the 

e  of  its  correctness,  and  the  stereotype  plates 
>rrectioDa  are  solicited  from  any  one  who  can 

re.  Those  Tables  make  a  moiety  of  materiaJa 
'ork  has  been  published,  in  part,  to  show  the 
ceremony,  to  send,  us  at  once,  for  the  Baptist 


T.  W.  HAYNES. 


8478TE^  55J 

01-22-04  32180      MC 


BX6211  .H42  \lf  ' 

Haynes'  Baptist  cyclopaedia  :  or 

Princeton  Theological  Seminary  -Speer  Library 


1    1012  00051   9084 


p 


